‫‪No.

F-13-AAA-0000‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﺵ ﻗﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻱ ﺟﻨﻴﺪﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪abashghareh@nri.ac.ir‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ —ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻗﻮﺱ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪﺧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪﺧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺱ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﻂ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ‪ CDEGS‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻓﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (1‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻛﻞ‪ (2 ) ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ‪ (3 ) ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ —ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪.CDEGS ،‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺒﺮ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺑﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
 ‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫• ﺳﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﭼﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﮔﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺒﺘﻦﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻓﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺲﻱﻝ � ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬ ﺭ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫‪F0‬‬

‫ﻱﻱ ﻣﻘﺎ ﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻡ ﻱﻥ ﭘﺎ ﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺧﻂ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩگ ﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪1‬‬
‫ﻱچﻱﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺧﺎﺹﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻫﻤﻪ‬
‫پ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[2‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻛﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ RT‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫'‬ ‫''‬
‫)‪RT // RT // RT // ... = RT // Z eq // Z eq = RT //( Z eq / 2) (1‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ Z eq‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻼ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ CDEGS‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ ABB‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ HW2S‬ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ IEEE 81‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ‪ 1983‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪Z eq‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﻡﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ C4.2.02‬ﺳﻴﮕﺮﻩ ]‪ [2‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫• ﻫﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ � )ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ‪(ABB HW2S‬‬
‫‪F1‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫• ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﺎﻟﺲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ� ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪F2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪-Fall Of Potential (FOP‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-repeated voltage impulse‬‬ ‫‪-High frequency measuring‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ RT‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 100‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‪Z eq ،‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
‫‪Austin Energy‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ]‪ [6‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ HW2S‬ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎ ‪25‬‬
‫‪ CA 6472&6474‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Chauvin Arnoux‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺕﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ]‪ [3‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﺎﻟﺲ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﻳﻚ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ CDEGS‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻴﺰ ‪ ./5‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 1000‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪ [7] ESKOM‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 500‬ﺍﻫﻢ( ﺑﻪ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺕﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ‪ 132‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﻟﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ NB Power‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ]‪ [8‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬
‫‪CA6472&6474‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻂ ‪ 132‬ﻭ ‪ 345‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Chauvin Arnoux‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ]‪.[2‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ]‪ [4‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫‪CA 6472+6474‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺪﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫‪CT‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺕﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Chauvin Arnoux‬ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪) EDF‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪﺍﻱ )ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺭﮔﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‬
‫‪ 5078‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ( ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ )‬
‫‪) RTE‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ( ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻮﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﮔﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ( ]‪ [4‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﺁﻣﭙﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ‪ 50‬ﺗﺎ ‪5000‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 81‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ‪ 2012‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﮔﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ]‪ [5‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺭﮔﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ]‪ [9‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ 3025‬ﺩﻛﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ‪ 115‬ﻭ ‪ 230‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﻟﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ 2500‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻤﺒﻴﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ABB HW2S‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ) ‪25‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ CA 6474+6472‬ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻫﺮﺗﺰ( ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻓﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬

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 ‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪CA 6474‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ CA 6472‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫‪CA 6472+6474‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :4‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫‪CA 6472+6474‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :3‬ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :5‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ‪ MALZ‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫‪ CDEGS‬ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ./3‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ]‪.[9‬‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 5‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ 10‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻠﻜﺘﻴﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﮔﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 4‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺧﻂ ﻳﺎ ‪ Z eq‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 5‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺧﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪5‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻫﺮﺗﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ )ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ،(4P‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ‪ 128‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ 10‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ 4P‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﮔﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻌﻲﻭﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞ‬

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 ‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺁﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻢﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ]‪ [10‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺟﺰء ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ‬

‫‪ρ‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫=‪R‬‬ ‫‪(ln‬‬
‫‪8L‬‬
‫)‪− 1‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪2πL‬‬ ‫‪De‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪ L‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﺎﻙ )ﻣﺘﺮ(‪ De ،‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ) ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ )ﻣﺘﺮ( ﻭ ‪ ρ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺧﺎﻙ )ﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ( ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ]‪-[11‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫]‪ [14‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ]‪ [18‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ [19] EPRI‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 6000‬ﺩﻛﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 7‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ‪ :g‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ :A ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻜﺮﺑﻮﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ‪ T ،L‬ﻳﺎ ‪ U‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ : ρ e ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ : ρ concrete ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ : Lconcrete‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ )‪ (GMR‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪n‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 10‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ]‪ .[15‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 6‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻫﺎﺩﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ]‪:[16‬‬

‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n −1‬‬

‫‪re = n2 ∏ ri . ∏ d1i .∏ d 2i ...∏ d ni‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪i =1‬‬ ‫‪i =2‬‬ ‫‪i≠2‬‬ ‫‪i =1‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ‪ d ij‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ‪ i‬ﻭ ‪ j‬ﻭ ‪ ri‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ‪ i‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ‪: ri = r‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪r n −1‬‬ ‫‪iπ‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪re = n r ∏ d1i = 2 R n‬‬ ‫∏‬ ‫‪sin‬‬
‫‪i =2‬‬ ‫‪2 R i =1‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :6‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﺏ( ﻗﻔﺲ ﻣﻴﻠﮕﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ R‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :1‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ]‪[20‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫‪εr‬‬ ‫‪µr‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺲ ﻧﺮﻡ )ﺁﻧﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬
‫‪7-13‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫٭‪50-100‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻴﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :7‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ‪ [19] EPRI‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫٭ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :8‬ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :10‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺏ( ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ‬

‫‪CDEGS‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :9‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 10‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻓﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 11.03‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ 4.54‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫‪ MALZ‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ CDEGS‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻣﻨﺘﻮﻡ ‪ MOM‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ 1‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ]‪ [16‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 8‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ‪ 132‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪ CDEGS‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Rt = RF‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ n‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ‪ η1‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫‪nη 1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 50‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ) ‪ 128‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ( ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻫﺮﻣﻲﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﻤﻊ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ‪ 100‬ﺍﻫﻢﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :12‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :11‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﭘﻮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﻭﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻛﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ 0.65‬ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 2‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 200‬ﺍﻫﻢﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ) ‪ 4.24‬ﺍﻫﻢ( ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 100‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‪ EPRI‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 12‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪L = 5m‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪ 13.48‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪D = 2.4 m‬‬
‫‪ρ e = 100 Ωm‬‬
‫‪ρ concrete = 50 Ωm‬‬
‫‪.4‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪Lconcrete = 530 m‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ 3.72‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 18‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﭘﻮﻳﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺕﺗﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﭘﻮﻳﺰ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﭘﻮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻠﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﭘﻮﻳﺰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 11‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﭘﻮﻳﺰ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫‪ 23‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﭘﻮﻳﺰ‪+‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪+‬ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﻭﻻﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ‪ MALZ‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬

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‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‬
‫ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬1392 – ‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
.‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‬،‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
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‫ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬،‫[ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬۱۰]
.1386 ،‫ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬،302
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