Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 40 views

    Analog & Digital Electronics: Course No: PH-218 Lec 3: Rectifier and Clipper Circuits

    Uploaded by

    RahulMondol
    1) The document discusses rectifier and clipper circuits, which use diodes to convert AC to DC and clip portions of signals. Rectifier circuits include half-wave, full-wave center tap, and full-wave bridge configurations. 2) Clipper circuits employ diodes to remove parts of an input signal above or below a threshold without distorting the remaining signal. They can serve as protective measures to prevent overdriving amplifiers or transmitters. 3) The document covers rectifier circuit components like transformers, diodes, and filters. It also defines rectifier efficiency and ripple factor, and compares the performance of different rectifier configurations. Clipper circuit diagrams and applications are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Analog & Digital Electronics: Course No: PH-218 Lec 3: Rectifier and Clipper Circuits

    Uploaded by

    RahulMondol
    40 views12 pages
    1) The document discusses rectifier and clipper circuits, which use diodes to convert AC to DC and clip portions of signals. Rectifier circuits include half-wave, full-wave center tap, and full-wave bridge configurations. 2) Clipper circuits employ diodes to remove parts of an input signal above or below a threshold without distorting the remaining signal. They can serve as protective measures to prevent overdriving amplifiers or transmitters. 3) The document covers rectifier circuit components like transformers, diodes, and filters. It also defines rectifier efficiency and ripple factor, and compares the performance of different rectifier configurations. Clipper circuit diagrams and applications are presented.

    Original Title

    Lec-3.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) The document discusses rectifier and clipper circuits, which use diodes to convert AC to DC and clip portions of signals. Rectifier circuits include half-wave, full-wave center tap, and full-wave bridge configurations. 2) Clipper circuits employ diodes to remove parts of an input signal above or below a threshold without distorting the remaining signal. They can serve as protective measures to prevent overdriving amplifiers or transmitters. 3) The document covers rectifier circuit components like transformers, diodes, and filters. It also defines rectifier efficiency and ripple factor, and compares the performance of different rectifier configurations. Clipper circuit diagrams and applications are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views12 pages

    Analog & Digital Electronics: Course No: PH-218 Lec 3: Rectifier and Clipper Circuits

    Uploaded by

    RahulMondol
    1) The document discusses rectifier and clipper circuits, which use diodes to convert AC to DC and clip portions of signals. Rectifier circuits include half-wave, full-wave center tap, and full-wave bridge configurations. 2) Clipper circuits employ diodes to remove parts of an input signal above or below a threshold without distorting the remaining signal. They can serve as protective measures to prevent overdriving amplifiers or transmitters. 3) The document covers rectifier circuit components like transformers, diodes, and filters. It also defines rectifier efficiency and ripple factor, and compares the performance of different rectifier configurations. Clipper circuit diagrams and applications are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Analog & Digital Electronics

    Course No: PH-218

    Lec 3: Rectifier and Clipper circuits

    Course Instructors:

     Dr. A. P. VAJPEYI

    Department of Physics,
    Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India 1
    Rectifier Circuits: AC to DC conversion

    Role of different circuit components


     Transformer:
     Step down AC voltage amplitude to the desired DC voltage (by selecting an
    appropriate turn ratio N1/N2 for the transformer)
     Isolate equipment from power-line
     Rectifier:
     converts an ac input to a unipolar output
     Filter:
     convert the pulsating input to a nearly constant dc output
     Regulator:
     Reduce the ripple of the dc voltage

    2
    Semiconductor diode: Few Applications
    Rectifiers
    • Since a diode p-n junction conducts in one direction but not in the
    reverse direction, diodes can be used to convert ac voltages into dc
    voltages.

    Ideal diode approximation


    3
    Half wave Rectifier:

    In positive half cycle, D is forward biased and conducts. Thus the output
    voltage is same as the input voltage. In the negative half cycle, D is reverse
    biased, and therefore output voltage is zero

    Efficiency of half wave rectifier:


    The ratio of dc power output to the applied input a.c power is known as
    rectifier efficiency, denoted by η.
    0.406RL
    η= PIV= Vs
    Max efficiency = 40.6% rf + RL

    Tutorial Problem1: Prove the expression for a half wave rectifier efficiency and explain
    What happened to the remaining 60% . 4
    Full Wave Rectifier:

     In the first half cycle D1 is


    forward biased and conducts. But
    D2 is reverse biased and does not
    conduct. In the second half cycle
    D2 is forward biased, and conducts
    and D1 is reverse biased.
    0.812RL
    PIV= 2Vs-VD η=
    rf + RL
     Disadvantage: 1. Difficult to locate the centre tap on the secondary winding.
    2. The dc output is small as each diode utilise only half of the secondary voltage. 5
    Full Wave Bridge Rectifier:

    Negative Vs:
    Positive Vs:

     Current always flows in one direction through the load resistance R,


    regardless of whether vS is positive or negative.

     In the positive half cycle, D1 & D2 are forward biased and D3 & D4 are
    reverse biased. In the negative half cycle, D3 & D3 are forward biased, and D1
    & D2 are reverse biased.
    6
    Full Wave Bridge Rectifier:

     Disadvantage:
    The main disadvantage is that it requires four diodes. When low dc voltage is required then
    secondary voltage is low and diodes drop (1.4V) becomes significant. Therefore, for low dc
    output, 2-pulse center tap rectifier is used because only one diode drop is there.

     Advantages:
     The need for the centre tapped transformer is eliminated.
    PIV is about half the value for full wave rectifier with a center tapped transformer so diodes
    with lower breakdown voltage can be used hence cheaper .
     The output is twice that of the centre tap circuit for the same secondary voltage.

    7
    Ripple factor of diode rectifier:
     The effectiveness of a rectifier depends upon the magnitude of ac
    component in the output; smaller the ac component, the more effective is the
    rectifier.

     Ripple factor is a measure of effectiveness of a rectifier circuit and


    defined as a ratio of rms value of ac component to the dc component in
    the rectifier output.
    2
    I
    Ripplefactor = ac 2
    I rms = I + I 2 I ac I rms
    I dc dc ac = 2
    −1
    I dc I dc
    For half wave rectifier: Im Im Ripple factor = 1.21
    I rms = I dc =
    2 Π
    For full wave rectifier: Im 2Im Ripple factor = 0.48
    I rms = I dc =
    2 Π
    8
    Clippers:
     Clippers are the circuit that employ diodes to remove a portion of an input
    signal without distorting the remaining part of the applied waveform.

     A clipper can serve as a protective measure, preventing a signal from


    exceeding the clip limits.

     A practical application of a clipper is to prevent an amplified speech signal from


    overdriving a radio transmitter. Over driving the transmitter generates spurious
    radio signals which causes interference with other stations. The clipper is a
    protective measure.

    Reference: http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_3/6.html

    9
    Clipper Circuit - 1:
    If vi < VR, diode is reversed
    biased and does not
    conduct. Therefore, vo = vi
    and, if vi > VR, diode is
    forward biased and thus,
    vo= VR.

    Clipper Circuit – 2:

    If vi > VR, diode is reverse


    biased. vo = vi
    and, If vi < VR, diode is
    forward biased. vo = VR

    10
    Clipper Circuit – 3:

    11
    Clipper Circuits:

    12

    You might also like