Dishwashing Machine

NAME: TANAKA D DZAPASI
REG NUMBER: H180096H
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
EEE 220: PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
SEMESTER 2 2019/2020
LECTURER: T. MARONGEDZE
PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT
DISHWASHING MACHINE SEQUENCE

INTRODUCTION
This practical aim to investigate on the working of Automated washing machine by using
programming logic controller. Hardware used in this project is PLC, solenoid valves, relays
and DC Motor. PLC is used for the controlling of the devices and functions such are timing,
sequencing, controlling, relaying and alarming were implemented. A DC Motor is
implemented because of its variation over a wide range of speed. Solenoid is used for the
control of water as an input and output valves of the machine. All the devices are fully
controlled on a few instructions once given by PLC
The system described above is aimed on reduce human force and impress the evolution of
technology since people are living in such a tight schedule, they don’t have time to wash
their clothes manually as well as it is much of a time consuming that’s where this machine
is applied.
Advantages Disadvantages
Dishwasher can help save time and Less skilled Dishes might not come up completely clean
persons can operate the machine comfortably if you put too much load in the dishwasher.
also 20 plates are washed accurately in 2
Minutes saving a lot time indeed.
You might not have to worry about your Dishwasher might increase electricity bills
dishes that is cups and saucers being
broken
Washing dishes with the dishwasher is Not all dishes or utensils you use will be
actually more sanitary since the dishes dish washer safe. In that case they are
pass through a number of cycles and better off being washed by hands than
always come out sparkling clean being damaged by your dishwasher
It helps saving a lot of water used in a day Full automation can’t be achieved and the dirt
meaning they are environmentally safe in the drain sump by the left-over foods and
other stuffs will result in slow drain of
the water.
Industrial dishwashers are available for use in commercial purpose such as hotels, schools,
colleges and restaurants, where a large number of plates are cleaned. Customers operate
dishwashers by placing plates the dishwasher racks, adding soap oil, turning on the device, then
removing the clean plates once the washing cycle is over.
Background
Now-a-days, people are living in such a tight schedule they don’t have time to wash their
clothes manually as well as it is much of a time consuming. In such cases PLC-based
washing machine can be used which is easy, reliable and time saving. Such washing
machine once given an instruction performs its task efficiently. In this automated washing
machine DC Motor is used which is capable of working at variable speeds as per one’s
requirement. The main purpose of the design is to have automated washing device which
washes clothes and sheets without any human intervention.
The term is applied to machines that use water as a primary cleaning solution, as opposed to
dry cleaning. Washing includes immersing, dipping, rinsing, soaking in water or other liquids,
usually accompanied by soap, detergent or bleach. The simplest machines may simply agitate
clothes in water while switched on; automatic machine may fill, empty, wash and spin in an
automated complex cycle
The used water in the sump is drained using the drain pipe. All the operations are controlled
using PLC program. The panel board is fixed in front consisting of ON and OFF push buttons
with alarm indication. The time of washing plates can be adjusted as per customer requirements.
The main feature of the machine is to clean 16-20 plates in 2 minutes using single rack design.
Maximum of 500 plates can be washed in one hour. Additionally, alarm setup is installed to
indicate the completion of washing cycle. Large amount of plates is washed in lesser time.
This machine can be utilized in Schools and Colleges as well as Industrial
Comparison with human performance
Factors Human Machine
1 Plates 20 20
2 Time consumed 10min 2min
3 water 15 liters 10 liters
4 performance 120plates/hour 500plate/hour
SYSTEM DESIGN
Process block diagram
Door Level
switch switch
STOP
WATER LEVEL
PLC S7 1200 LEVEL 1
SIEMENS LEVEL 2
START LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
In water INPUT VALVE MOTOR CONTROL OUTPUT VALVE Out water
PROGRAM FLOW CHART

ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC
Motor
COMPONENTS
• Steel Rack
• Spray Arms
• PLC
• Heater
• Relay
• Transformer
• MCB
• Sump
• Soap Oil
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
A dishwasher is an automatic machine that clean sand removes dirt on the utensils using
microcontroller or a PLC system. Users have to load the plates, add soap oil and to set the proper
washing mode and turn ON the machine. The workings of our dish washer are as follows.
• Initially the external water supply is allowed to flow through the dishwasher for few seconds.
• The sump is filled with the external water which is flowing through the dishwasher.
• Then, motor supply is turned ON to pump the water and circulates it to the spray arms
located on top and bottom of the cleaning area.
Uncleaned plates are loaded on the steel rack and it is placed inside the washing area by pulling
the handle upwards. The process is carried in four stages. They are as follows:
• Mechanical action of water is sprayed on the plates with the help of the spray arms for 30
seconds.
• High pressurized water is developed inside the washing area due to motor power.
• Chemical action of soap oil is mixed with the water through the solenoid valve to clean the
unwanted stuffs in 20 seconds.
• Thermal action of hot water is sprayed through both the arms with full force of action
for 1 minute to clean the plates entirely with no dirt.
• Finally, normal water is sprayed on the plates to reduce temperature of the plates and
rack.
• All the operations are controlled using PLC system located in front of the dishwasher.
• The beep sound indicates the completion of washing cycle.
• The plates are safely removed from the rack and used for dining purpose.
• The dirty water on the sump is drained outside through the drain tube.
RESULTS AND DISCUSION

Code
Results
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
 
 Motor running  Again, inlet valve
-Forward direction for remains ON for time  Motor running
5sec. set by level switch. -Forward direction for
-Reverse direction for  Motor starts running 120 sec
3sec. (This occurs for -Forward direction for  Motor stops running
2min.) 60 sec  Alarm starts ringing.
-Forward direction for  Motor stops running
60 sec.  Outlet valve remains
 Motor stops running ON for 60 sec
 Outlet valve remains
‘ON’ for 60 sec.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

PLC is being extensively used for various applications for atomization. So, use of this
technology to carry out different washing operations in washing machine (soaking, rinsing,
spinning,) with precise control has been achieved. The life of the machine is 5 – 6 years by
proper maintenance of the machine.

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NAME: TANAKA D DZAPASI

REG NUMBER: H180096H

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

EEE 220: PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS

DISHWASHING MACHINE SEQUENCE

PROGRAM FLOW CHART

RESULTS AND DISCUSION

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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