Environmental Product Declaration: Arcelormittal
Environmental Product Declaration: Arcelormittal
www.ibu-epd.com / https://epd-online.com
2. Product
2.1 Product description / Product definition 305/2011/ applies.
Rebar (Reinforcing Steel in bars, including standard As no harmonized product standard exists, no
rebars, special rebars – Krybar®, rock bolt and tie bars Declaration of Performance and following to that no
- and threaded bars) covers carbon steel for CE-marking may be required.
geotechnical use and the reinforcement of concrete
according to EN10080 standard. The surface of rebars For the application and use of the products the
is patterned to form a better bond with soil and following standards apply: /EN 1992-1-1/, /EN 1992-1-
concrete; in addition the ribs on threaded bars, rock 2/, /EN 1992-2/, /EN 1992-3/.
bolts and tie bars allow for bolting. EN10080 is not yet
a harmonized standard and has to be considered as 2.2 Application
an open standard, i.e. with no steel grades. Therefore, Reinforcement bars are steel rods that are used as a
steel grade might be specified in some national tension device in concrete. Typical applications are in
standards or labels as for instance mentioned in the the construction of buildings, bridges, roads and other
following table. civil works (infrastructures, superstructures, etc.) as
well as mining.
Constructional data
Name Value Unit
Tensile strength 483 - 1100 N/mm2
Type of steel (Bar, coil, welded Bar and
-
fabric, lattice grinders) coils
For the placing on the market in the EU/EFTA (with EAF and
Production route (EAF or BF) -
the exception of Switzerland), /Regulation (EU) No. BOF
2.9 Packaging
Reinforcing bar is supplied in straight lengths or in
QST – Quenching and Self-Tempering bundles using plastic/steel strapping. The steel strips
CEV – Carbon equivalent value can be recycled after collection and sorting as steel
scrap.
Two different routes to produce steel are used:Blast 2.11 Environment and health during use
furnace (BF) route: Under normal conditions of use, rebar products do not
In integrated steel production plants, iron ore cause any adverse health effects nor release VOCs to
is used as raw material to prepare sinter, indoor air.
which is later on used in a blast furnace No environmental impact to water, air or soil is
expected due to the extremely low metal release from
together with coke to produce pig iron.
steel and the low maintenance requirements.
Different ferro-alloys, metal alloys, and steel
scraps are added to the liquid pig iron in a
Water The European Waste Index code for iron and steel
No environmental impact to water, air or soil is products is 17 04 05.
expected due to the extremely low metal release from
steel and the low maintenance requirements. In case 2.16 Further information
of flooding no impacts are to be expected. Additional information on rebar product can be found at
http://barsandrods.arcelormittal.com/
3.9 Comparability
3.7 Period under review Basically, a comparison or an evaluation of EPD data
The considered primary data for the input and output of is only possible if all the data sets to be compared
energy and materials where collected in the year 2014. were created according to /EN 15804/ and the building
context, respectively the product-specific
3.8 Allocation characteristics of performance, are taken into account.
The allocation method used here was developed by The used background database has to be mentioned.
the World Steel Association and EUROFER to be in
Operational energy
Transport from the
Waste processing
Operational water
De-construction
gate to the site
Refurbishment
Manufacturing
Replacement
Raw material
Maintenance
Recycling-
demolition
Recovery-
Assembly
Transport
Transport
Disposal
potential
Reuse-
Repair
supply
Use
use
use
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
X X X MND MND MND MND MNR MNR MNR MND MND MND MND X MND X
RESULTS OF THE LCA - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: 1 metric ton of reinforcing steel in bars
Parameter Unit A1-A3 C3 D
6. LCA: Interpretation
Rebar is produced by ArcelorMittal using both EAF impact categories. As shown in the following mass flow
route (70%) and BF/BOF route (30%). Per ton of rebar diagram, the net amount of scrap is 850-840= 10 kg.
produced, 840 kg scrap is used. After use, 850 kg This means that the system has a net output of 10 kg
rebar is recycled and 150 kg is landfilled. scrap (which carries a potential credit), thus module D
shows an environmental benefit.
A potential environmental benefit is calculated for the
end-of-life stage (module D) for all the considered
The most significant emissions Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is mostly caused by
· for GWP are CO2 and CH4 emissions from the pre-chains of power generation
· for AP are SO2 and NOx; processes, in particular nuclear power generation (A1).
· for EP are NOx In the primary BF/BOF route hard coal is used as the
· for POCP are CO, SO2, NOx, and NMVOC. main energy carrier, whereas in the scrap-dominated
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) route electrical energy is
Global Warming Potential (GWP) is mostly caused by the main energy source. The EAF process used for
onsite emission (A3), with a secondary role played by calculating the potential benefit in the end-of-life stage
the production of ancillary materials/pre-products has high power consumption, including a proportion
upstream materials and the production of energy from nuclear power and this ultimately leads to a credit
needed in steelmaking (A1). in Module D.
Acidification Potential (AP) and Eutrophication Abiotic Depletion (elements) is dominated by the use
Potential (EP) are dominated by the extraction and of non-renewable elements in the production of
processing of raw materials and the generation of ancillary materials/pre-products e.g. copper and
electricity, steam and heat from primary energy
7. Requisite evidence
This EPD covers semi-finished structural steel of hot- If required, the surfaces of fabricated structural
rolled construction products. Further processing and components are usually protected with anticorrosion
fabrication depends on the intended application. material in order to prevent any direct contact with the
Therefore further documentation is not applicable. atmosphere. The weathering of this protection
depends on the used protection
7.1 Weathering performance system.
The rusting rate of unalloyed steel is depending on the
position of the component and the conditions of the
surrounding atmosphere (corrosively categories
according to /EN ISO 12944-2/.
8. References
PCR 2013, Part A
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., Berlin (pub.): Product EN 10080
Category Rules for Construction Products from the EN 10080:2005, Steel for the reinforcement of
range of Environmental Product Declarations of Institut concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel -. General
Bauen und Umwelt (IBU), Part A: Calculation Rules for
the Life Cycle Assessment and Requirements on the EN 1992-1-1
Background Report. September 2013 www.bau- EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete
umwelt.de structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings
PCR 2014, PART B
Requirements on the EPD for Reinforcing Steel, EN 1992-1-2
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., Berlin (pub.): From the EN 1992-1-2:2005, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete
range of Environmental Product Declarations of structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
Institute Construction and Environment e.V. (IBU) 2014 buildings
Programme holder
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. Tel +49 (0)30 - 3087748- 0
Panoramastr 1 Fax +49 (0)30 – 3087748 - 29
10178 Berlin Mail info@ibu-epd.com
Germany Web www.ibu-epd.com