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Standard Time Assignment

Standard time is the time required by an average skilled worker to perform a specified task using the prescribed method, including allowances for fatigue and contingencies. Standard time can be determined through time studies, predetermined motion time systems, standard data systems, or work sampling. It is calculated based on the observed time, a performance rating factor, and allowances for personal, fatigue, and delay factors. Standard time is used for labor cost control, production scheduling, plant layout, and performance evaluation.

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408 views

Standard Time Assignment

Standard time is the time required by an average skilled worker to perform a specified task using the prescribed method, including allowances for fatigue and contingencies. Standard time can be determined through time studies, predetermined motion time systems, standard data systems, or work sampling. It is calculated based on the observed time, a performance rating factor, and allowances for personal, fatigue, and delay factors. Standard time is used for labor cost control, production scheduling, plant layout, and performance evaluation.

Uploaded by

Huzaifa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Standard Time

In industrial engineering, the standard time is the time required by an average skilled operator,
working at a normal pace, to perform a specified task using a prescribed method.
It includes appropriate allowances to allow the person to recover from fatigue and, where
necessary, an additional allowance to cover contingent elements which may occur but have not
been observed.

Techniques For Determining Standard Time:

The standard time can be determined using the following techniques:

1. Time study:
Time study is a direct and continuous observation of a task, using a timekeeping device (e.g.,
decimal minute stopwatch, computer-assisted electronic stopwatch, and videotape camera) to
record the time taken to accomplish a task

2. Predetermined Motion Time System :


A predetermined motion time system (PMTS) is frequently used to set labor rates in labour
oriented industry by quantifying the amount of time required to perform specific tasks.

3. Standard Data System:


In work measurement, a standard data system is a database of normal time values, usually
organized by work elements that can be used to establish time standards for tasks composed of
work elements similar to those in the database.

4. Work sampling:
Work sampling is the statistical technique for determining the proportion of time spent by
workers in various defined categories of activity (e.g. setting up a machine, assembling two
parts, idle…etc.).
Making a Study
A time study, also termed a stopwatch time study, is an analysis of a worker`s performance
against a time standard. It is normally performed on short repetitive production types of tasks.
There are several basic steps which must be followed in any time study:
1. Define the job to be analyzed.
2. Break the job into discrete tasks.
3. Measure the actual time required for each task.
4. Develop a statistically significant sample size of the task work cycles to be measured.

Allowance Factor:
This may take into consideration personal factors as well as unavoidable constraints encountered
in the work situation. Allowances include all unavoidable delays, but rule out avoidable delays.
An allowance factor represents time lost due to personal factors, shift adjustments, improper
equipment, fatigue, and related issues.
Personal allowances
It depends on personal needs and nature of work
Fatigue allowances
It depends on working environment and length of period. So there should be refreshment breaks
Delay allowances
These are due to equipment delay, material flow delay, management delay. These may be
avoidable or unavoidable. There are allocation techniques to reduce it.

Calculation of standard time:


The Standard Time is the product of three factors:
1. Observed time: The time measured to complete the task.
2. Performance rating factor: The pace the person is working at. 90% is working slower than
normal, 110% is working faster than normal, 100% is normal. This factor is calculated by an
experienced worker who is trained to observe and determine the rating.

 3. Personal, fatigue, and delay (PFD) allowance.


The standard time can then be calculated by using:

Standard Time = (Observed Time)( Rating Factor)(1+ PFD Allowance)


Uses of Standard Time
• Evaluation of alternative methods
• Labor cost control and manpower planning
• Overhead cost estimation and budgeting
• Production scheduling: CPM
• Production line balancing
• Plant layout and plant capacity
• Training and performance evaluation
• Output-based incentive scheme design

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