Steel Design

Bolted Connections
11 August / 10:00AM
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 Types of Joints
SHEAR STRESS- Butt Joint ,Lap Joint
DISTRIBUTION

35. Efficiency of a rivetted joint, having the

minimum pitch as per IS : 800
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 70%

Ans. C

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 Types of Joints
SHEAR STRESS- Butt Joint ,Lap Joint
DISTRIBUTION

36. Which one of the following will preferred

for a column?
A. ISLB
B. ISMB
C. ISWB
D. ISHB
UK Combined AE Paper-I 2012
UPSSSC JE 31-7-2016
SSC JE 2009

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

TERMINOLOGY IN BOLTED CONNECTION

1. Pitch of the Bolts (P)
It is the centre to centre spacing of bolts in a row, measured in the
direction of load.
2. Guage (g)
It is the distance between the two consecutive bolts of adjacent rows and
is measured at right angle to the direction of load.
3. Staggered Pitched (Ps)
It is the centre to centre distance of staggered bolts measured in the
direction of load.

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

TERMINOLOGY IN BOLTED CONNECTION

4. Diameter of Bolt Hole
Diameter of bolts hole is larger than the nominal diameter (shank
diameter) of the bolt to facilitate erection and to allow for in acurances
in fabrication.

Holes are
(a) Standard clearance hole → normal

(b) Oversized holes (i.e. holes of size larger than standard clearance hole)
→ used in slip resistant connection

(c) Shortand long slot → used in slip resistant connection

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

TERMINOLOGY IN BOLTED CONNECTION

Area of Bolt at Root (Anb)
Area of Bolt at root of the thread is less than at shank of the Bolt. It is
taken approximately equal to 0.78 times the shank area i.e.

Anb = 0.78 × Asb

where Asb = Area of bolt at shank =

d = Nominal diameter of Bolt (Shank diameter)
Anb = Area of bolt at root

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

SPECIFICATION FOR PITCH OF BOLTS

(i) Minimum pitch and minimum gauge distance – 2.5 × Nominal dia of bolt.

(ii) minimum end distance and edge distance = 1.5 × dis of bolt hole = 1.5 d
(for machine cut element)
(iii) Maximum end and maximum edge distance = 12 t ϵ, where

250
=
fy

(iv) Maximum pitch of bolts and welds in compression zone = 12t or 200 mm,
whichever is less
(v) Maximum pitch of bolts and welds in tension = 16t or 200 mm, less
(vi) If the bolts are staggered and g > 75 mm, the above value can be
increased by 50%

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

SPECIFICATION FOR PITCH OF BOLTS

(vii) Tack bolts or Tack welds :

(a) These are the bolts used to connect 2 structural member so that they act
as a single unit. They don’t take any structural load.

(b) Maximum pitch of tack bolts for plates = 32t or 300 mm, whichever is less

(c) If structural steel section like angles, channels, T-sections are used as
compression members, maximum pitch of tack bolts = 600m

(d) If the above structural steel members are used as tension member than
maximum pitch of tack bolt = 1m.

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

SPECIFICATION
Minimum edge distance shall be
(a) Less than 1.7 × hole diameter in case of sheared or hand flame cut edge.
(b) Less than 1.5 × hole diameter in case of rolled, machine flame cut, sawn
and planed edges.

ASSUMPTIONS IN DESIGN OF BEARING BOLTS

The following assumptions are made in the design of bearing (finished or
unfinished) bolted connections:
1. The friction between the plates is negligible.
2. The shear is uniform over the cross-section of the bolt.
3. The distribution of stress on the plates between the bolt holes is uniform
4. Bolts in a group subjected to direct loads share the load equally
5. Bending stresses developed in the bolts in neglected.

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

CHAIN RIVETING OR CHAIN BOLTING

Anet = (B – 3d)t (at 1 ---- 1)

d = diameter of bolt hole (because we are dealing with plate)

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

DAIMOND RIVETING OR DAIMOND BOLTING

Anet = (B – d)t (at 1------- 1)

Conclusion :
(i) diamond riveting is more efficient than chain riveting
(because, only one bolt holt diameter is deducted
from width B) so ‘Pt’ is maximum.

(ii) In diamond riveting, at critical section 3 – 3, cover plate

strength is less because of more no of bolt holes. So,
to increase the strength of cover plates also, a
variation of diamond riveting as shown in fig is the
best arrangement.

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SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

Mentor - Shubham Aggarwal

SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

Mentor - Shubham Aggarwal

SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

Mentor - Shubham Aggarwal

SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

Mentor - Shubham Aggarwal

SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

Mentor - Shubham Aggarwal

 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

1. A factored eccentric force of 240 kN is acting on

a bracket connection subjected to a moment
parallel to the plane of joint. Assuming the
number of bolts as 8. The shear force to be
considered on each of the bolt is:
A. 24 kN
B. 15 kN
C. 48 kN
D. 30 kN

Answer D

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

2. The strength of a joint in a bolted connection is

620 kN. The size of plate is 180 mm width and 20
mm thick. If the yield strength of material of plate
as 250 N/mm2 and partial safety factor as 1.1, then
the efficiency of the joint is ________.
A. 9%
B. 63.67%
C. 75.75%
D. 65.75%

Answer C
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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

3. In property class 4.6 the number 4 indicates

........... part of the nominal ultimate tensile
strength.
1
A.
100th
1
B.
10th
1
C. 1000th
1
D.
10,000th

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

4. Shear strength in double shear in riveted joints is

given by :
d2
A. 4 fs
2d2
B. fs
4

C. dfs
4

D. None of the above

Answer B

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

5. If strength of joint per pitch length is equal to 2556

kg and original strength of plate per pitch length is
4260 kg, joint efficiency will be
A. 60%
B. 52.75%
C. 53%
D. 53.25%

Answer A

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

6. If a 2 cm diameter rivet connects two plates as

shown below and safe shear stress for rivet is
1000 kg/cm the value of maximum permissible
pull will be:
A. 1100 kg
B. 1140 kg
C. 2140 kg
D. 3140 kg

Answer D

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

7. The value of γmb for bolt material is

A. 1.1
B. 1.0
C. 1.5
D. 1.25

Answer D

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

8. Slip resistant connections at ultimate toads may

behave as
Where the member forces are too large and where the
A. slip critical connection connection length is limited, there high stregth Friction grip
bolts are suitable choice, the y do not slip and are reffered
B. pin connection as SLIP RESISTANT CONNECTIONS.
C. bearing type connection
At ultimate loads, they do slip and after the joint behaves like
D. cannot be said with certainty a bearing type connection. The situation occurs when loads
exceeds the frictional resistance between plates being
connected.
Answer C

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

9. Slip critical connections are designed for

A. Bearing between the connecting member and
bolt
B. Friction between the connecting members
C. compression in bolts
D. Shear in bolts

Answer B
In case of over loading , they may lead to slipping of plates

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

10. Which of the following is primarily designed for

flexure?
A. Rivet
B. Bolt
C. Pin
D. All of these

Answer C

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

11. Diamond pattern of bolting is beneficial over

chain and staggered bolting because
A. It transmits maximum force
B. It has maximum efficiency
C. It is easy to fabricate
D. None of the above

Answer B

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

12. Prying action is associated with

A. additional compressive force on bolts due to
flexibility of connecting members
B. reduction in flexure force on bolts
C. additional shear force on rivets
D. additional tensile force on bolts due to
flexibility of connecting members

Prying action is a phenomenon (in bolted construction

Answer D
only) whereby the deformation of a fitting under a
tensile force increases the tensile force in the bolt. • It
is primarily a function of the strength and stiffness of
the connection elements.

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

13. Which type of bolt hole is more preferable?

A. Punched hole
B. Drilled hole
C. Both A and B
D. If depends on nature of force to be
transferred and bolt material

Answer B

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

14. HSFG bolts are better than ordinary black bolts

because
A. HSFG bolts have high fatigue strength
B. HSFG bolts are easy to be used for fabrication
C. HSFG bolts are cheaper than ordinary black
bolts
D. All of the above

Fatigue strength is the highest stress that a material can

Answer A withstand for a given number of cycles without breaking.
Fatigue strength is affected by environmental factors, such
as corrosion. The maximum stress that can be applied for a
certain number of cycles without fracture is the fatigue
strength.
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STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

15. HSFG bolts can be used for

A. slip resistant connection
B. bearing type connection
C. shear connection
D. both A and B

Answer D

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STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

16. Hanger connection is a type of

A. Compression connection
B. Tension connection
C. Shear connection
D. None of these

Answer B

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

17. In which of the following connection, lesser load

is transmitted through net section of the bolt?
A. HSFG bolt
B. Ordinary bolt
C. Pin
D. All of the above

Answer A
HSFG bolts are also commonly used in structures that
will be exposed to a lot of vibrations, or loadings that will
reverse. Since the bolts are preloaded the tension in the
bolt doesn't vary as much as in a standard bolt, so they
don't fatigue as quickly.

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

18. If the gross diameter of the rivet is 23.5mm,

what would be its strength in double shear ?
Take working stress of 100N/mm2 in shear :
A. 173.4kN
B. 43.4kN
C. 86.7kN
D. 21.7kN

Answer C

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

19. Accounting to unwin's formula the relationship

between diameter of rivet hole (d) and thickness
of plate (t) is given by:
A. d = √t
B. d = 1.2√t
C. d = 2√t
D. d = 1.6√t

Answer C

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

20. In bolted joints, pitch shall not be less than

A. 1.7 d
B. 2.5 d
C. 2.7 d
D. 1.9 d

Answer B

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION
21. As per IS: 800-1984 specification, how to
calculate the gross diameter of a bolt? (If
diameter of the bolt is less than or equal to
25mm.)
Nominal diameter Diameter of bolt
A. Nominal diameter + 2 mm of bolt hole
B. Nominal diameter + 2.5 mm
12 -14 mm 1 mm extra
C. Nominal diameter + 1.5 mm 16 – 24 mm 2mm extra
D. Nominal diameter + 0.5 mm > 24 mm 3 mm extra

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

22. The coefficient of thermal expansion of

structural steel is take as ............. × 10–6 per °C.
A. 10
B. 25
C. 12
D. 20

Answer C

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

23. Per the IS, what is the minimum number of rivets

essential at each end?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

Answer A

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

24. The modulus of elasticity of steel is more than

that of concrete. It indicates that steel is:
A. Less elastic
B. More plastic
C. Less plastic
D. None of these

Answer D

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

25. A riveted joint may experience

A. tearing failure of plates
B. bearing failure of plates
C. splitting failure of plates at the edges
D. All option are correct

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

26. If the pitch is 6cm and rivet value is 4 tonnes, the

number of rivets required for a riveted
connection carrying an eccentric load of 15
tonnes at 30cm from the center line is ____ :
A. 6
B. 8
C. 10
D. 12

Answer B

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

27. What should be multiplied with permissible

bearing stress to find out strength of rivet in
bearing?
A. d × t × fb
B. 2d × t × fb
C. 2 × d2 × t × fb
D. none of the above

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 SHEARBolted
STRESSConnections
DISTRIBUTION

28. In a truss girder of a bridge, a diagonal

consistence of mild steel flat 400 ISF and carries
a pull of 800 kN. If the gross diameter of the
rivets is 26 mm, then required number of revit
will be –
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9

Answer D

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