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    Introduction To Computers

    Uploaded by

    Kavitha
    This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of computers from ancient calculating devices to modern machines. It discusses how computers started as tools for fast calculation and have now become indispensable parts of our lives. The document then outlines several key developments in computer technology, including the abacus, Napier's bones, the slide rule, Pascal's calculator, Babbage's difference engine, Hollerith's tabulating machine, and the first generations of computers based on vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and future developments. It describes how computers have become smaller, faster, more powerful and intelligent with each generation.

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    Introduction To Computers

    Uploaded by

    Kavitha
    60 views53 pages
    This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of computers from ancient calculating devices to modern machines. It discusses how computers started as tools for fast calculation and have now become indispensable parts of our lives. The document then outlines several key developments in computer technology, including the abacus, Napier's bones, the slide rule, Pascal's calculator, Babbage's difference engine, Hollerith's tabulating machine, and the first generations of computers based on vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and future developments. It describes how computers have become smaller, faster, more powerful and intelligent with each generation.

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    Introduction to Computers

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    This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of computers from ancient calculating devices to modern machines. It discusses how computers started as tools for fast calculation and have now become indispensable parts of our lives. The document then outlines several key developments in computer technology, including the abacus, Napier's bones, the slide rule, Pascal's calculator, Babbage's difference engine, Hollerith's tabulating machine, and the first generations of computers based on vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and future developments. It describes how computers have become smaller, faster, more powerful and intelligent with each generation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views53 pages

    Introduction To Computers

    Uploaded by

    Kavitha
    This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of computers from ancient calculating devices to modern machines. It discusses how computers started as tools for fast calculation and have now become indispensable parts of our lives. The document then outlines several key developments in computer technology, including the abacus, Napier's bones, the slide rule, Pascal's calculator, Babbage's difference engine, Hollerith's tabulating machine, and the first generations of computers based on vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and future developments. It describes how computers have become smaller, faster, more powerful and intelligent with each generation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 53

    Introduction

    to Computers
    Fundamentals of Computers
    Impact of Computers –All over the world

    ● Computers are seen everywhere around us, in all

    spheres of life, in the field of education, research,

    travel and tourism, weather forecasting, social

    networking, e-commerce etc.


    Computers have now become an
    indispensable part of our lives.
    Why Computers?

    ● The growth of computer industry started with the need for

    performing fast calculations

    ● The manual method of computing was slow and prone to

    errors.

    ● So, Attempts were made to develop fast calculating devices,


    Computer’s Journey
    2500 BC – The Abacus

    ● The journey started from the first

    known calculating device

    (Abacus) which has led us today

    to an extremely high speed

    calculating devices.
    1614 AD – Napier’s Bones

    John Napier
    1633 AD – The Slide Rule

    William Oughtred
    1642 AD – The Rotating Wheel Calculator

    Blaise Pascal
    1822 AD – The Difference Engine

    Charles Babbage
    1890 AD - Hollerith Tabulating Machine

    Herman Hollerith
    Facts about Computers
    ● Computers have evolved over the years from a simple

    calculating device to high speed portable computers.

    ● Computers have revolutionized our lives with their accuracy

    and speed of performing a job, it is truly remarkable.

    ● Today, no organization can function without a computer.

    ● In fact, various organizations have become paperless.


    Generations of Computers

    ● Growth in the computer industry is determined by the

    development in technology.

    ● Based on various stages of development, computers can be

    categorized into different generations.


    First Generation
    (1942- 1955)
    Vacuum Tubes
    About ENIAC
    ● The ENIAC was invented by J. Presper Eckert and
    John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania and
    began construction in 1943 and was not completed
    until 1946.
    About ENIAC
    ● ENIAC weighed about 27 tons Size 8 feet × 100 feet
    × 3 feet and Consumed around 150 watts of power
    ● It occupied about 1,800 square feet and used about
    18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing almost 50 tons.
    ● ENIAC was the first digital computer because it was
    fully functional.
    Merits/Demerits
    ● Big in size
    ● Consumed more power
    ● Malfunction due to overheat
    ● Machine Language was used
    Second
    Generation
    (1955- 1964)
    TRANSISTORS
    Merits/Demerits
    ● Smaller compared to First Generation
    ● Generated Less Heat ● Punched cards were used
    ● Consumed less power compared to first generation
    ● First operating system was developed
    ● Batch Processing and Multiprogramming
    ● Operating System Machine language as well as Assembly
    language was used.
    Third Generation
    (1964 -1975)
    Merits/Demerits
    ● Computers were smaller,
    faster and more reliable
    ● Consumed less power
    ● High Level Languages
    were used

    IBM 360
    Fourth Generation
    (1975 -1980)
    Merits/Demerits
    ● Smaller and Faster
    ● Microcomputer series such as
    IBM and APPLE were
    developed
    ● Portable Computers were
    introduced.
    Fifth Generation
    (1980 – Till date)
    Ultra Large Scale
    Integration (ULSI)
    Merits/Demerits
    ● Parallel Processing ● Super conductors

    ● Computers size was drastically reduced.


    ● Can recognize Images and Graphics
    ● Introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Expert
    Systems
    ● Able to solve high complex problems including
    decision making and logical reasoning
    Sixth Generation
    (In Future)
    Merits/Demerits
    ● Parallel and Distributed computing
    ● Computers have become smarter, faster and
    smaller
    ● Development of robotics
    ● Natural Language Processing
    ● Development of Voice Recognition Software
    Thank You

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