Fundamental Integration Formulas

Integration can be considered as the reverse process of differentiation or can be called Inverse
Differentiation. Integration is the process of finding a function with its derivative.

Integration Formulas

1. Variable Rule:
10. ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sec 𝑥 | + 𝐶
∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
11. ∫ cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sin 𝑥 | + 𝐶
2. Constant Rule: 12. ∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 | + 𝐶
∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
13. ∫ csc 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|csc 𝑥 − cot 𝑥 | + 𝐶
3. Sum and Difference Rule: 14. ∫ sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
∫(𝑓 ± 𝑔) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 𝑑𝑥 ± ∫ 𝑔 𝑑𝑥
15. ∫ csc2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cot 𝑥 + 𝐶
4. Constant Multiple Rule: 16. ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝑐
∫ 𝑐𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐 ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
17. ∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶
5. Power Rule:
𝑥 𝑛+1 Inverse Trigonometry:
∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑛+1 18. ∫ = arcsin + 𝐶
2
√𝑎 − 𝑥 2 𝑎
6. Reciprocal Rule: 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥
19. ∫ 2 2
= arctan + 𝐶
𝑎 +𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
∫(1⁄𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥
20. ∫ = arcsec + 𝐶
𝑥√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎
7. Exponential and Logarithmic:
𝑎. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 Inverse Hyperbolic Functions:
𝑑𝑥 1 |𝑥 − 𝑎|
𝑎𝑥 21. ∫ 2 2
= ln +𝐶
𝑏. ∫ 𝑎𝑥𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 𝑥 −𝑎 2𝑎 |𝑥 + 𝑎|
ln(𝑎) 𝑑𝑥 1 |𝑎 + 𝑥 |
22. ∫ 2 = ln +𝐶
𝑐. ∫ ln(𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln(𝑥 ) − 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑎 − 𝑥 2 2𝑎 |𝑎 − 𝑥 |
𝑑𝑥
23. ∫ = ln (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) + 𝐶
√𝑥 + 𝑎2
2
Trigonometry: 𝑑𝑥
24. ∫ = ln |𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 | + 𝐶
8. ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 2
√𝑥 − 𝑎 2

9. ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶

1 1 𝑥
25. ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 arcsin + 𝐶
2 2 𝑎
1 1
26. ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 ln (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) + 𝐶
2 2
1 1
27. ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑎2 ln |𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 | + 𝐶
2 2

Method of Substitution (The Reverse Chain Rule or The U − Subtitutions)

∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥))𝑔′(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ⟹ ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
 Solved Problems

1. Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 5+1 𝒙𝟔
= = +𝑪
5+1 𝟔

𝑑𝑥
2. Evaluate ∫
𝑥2

𝑥 −2+1 𝟏
= ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 = = −𝑥 −1 = − + 𝑪
−2 + 1 𝒙

3
3. Evaluate ∫ √ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

1 4
1 𝑧 3+1 𝑧3 𝟑 𝟒
= ∫𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧 = = = 𝒛𝟑 + 𝑪
1 4 𝟒
3+1 3

𝑑𝑥
4. Evaluate ∫ 3
√ 𝑥2
2 1
−
2 𝑥 − 3 +1 𝑥3 𝟏
= ∫𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = = = 𝟑𝒙𝟑+𝑪
2 1
−3 +1 3

5. Evaluate ∫(2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 5𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 3𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 5 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥

𝑥 2+1 𝑥 1+1
=2 −5 + 3𝑥
2+1 1+1

𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟐
= 𝟐 − 𝟓 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟑 𝟐

6. Evaluate ∫(1 − 𝑥 )√𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1 3 1 3
= ∫(1 − 𝑥 )𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 3 3 5
𝑥 2+1 𝑥 2+1 𝑥2 𝑥2
= − = −
1 3 3 5
2+1 2+1 2 2

𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟓
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐+𝑪
𝟑 𝟓

7. Evaluate ∫(3𝑠 + 4)2 𝑑𝑠

 = ∫(9𝑠 2 + 24𝑠 + 16)𝑑𝑠

= ∫ 9𝑠 2 𝑑𝑠 + ∫ 24𝑠𝑑𝑠 + ∫ 16𝑑𝑠

= 9 ∫ 𝑠 2 𝑑𝑠 + 24 ∫ 𝑠𝑑𝑠 + 16𝑠
𝑠 2+1 𝑠 1+1
=9 + 24 + 3𝑠
2+1 1+1
𝑠3 𝑠2
= 9 + 24 + 16𝑠
3 2

= 𝟑𝒔𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝒔𝟐 + 𝑪

𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 4
8. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

𝑥 3 5𝑥 2 4
= ∫ ( 2 + 2 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 + 5 − 4𝑥 −2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 5𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 4𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 5𝑑𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1+1 𝑥 −2+1
= + 5𝑥 − 4
1+1 −2 + 1
𝑥2 𝑥 −1
= + 5𝑥 − 4
2 −1

𝒙𝟐 𝟒
= + 𝟓𝒙 + + 𝑪
𝟐 𝒙

9. Evaluate: a. ∫(𝑥 3 + 2)3 (3𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2. Then 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = .
3

∫(𝑥 3 + 2)3 (3𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

 Apply the Power Rule:  Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2:

𝑢2+1 𝑢3 𝑢3 (𝑥 3 + 2)3
∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = = =
2+1 3 3 3

 Add the constant of Integration:

(𝒙 𝟑 + 𝟐 )𝟑
= +𝑪
𝟑

1
b. ∫(𝑥 3 + 2)2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2. Then 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3
.
1
1 𝑢2
∫(𝑥 3 + 2)22 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑢
3
  Apply constant multiple rule:
1
𝑢2 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
3 3

 Apply the Power Rule:

1 3 3 3
1 1 1 𝑢2+1 1 𝑢2 1 2𝑢2 2𝑢 2
∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ( )= ( )= ( )=
3 3 1+1 3 3 3 3 9
2 2

 Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2:
3 3
2𝑢2 2(𝑥 3 + 2)2
=
9 9

 Add the constant of Integration:

𝟑
𝟐(𝒙 𝟑 + 𝟐)𝟐
= +𝑪
𝟗

8𝑥 2
c. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 3 + 2)3

𝑑𝑢
 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2. Then 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = .
3
8𝑥 2 8
∫ 3 3
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑢
(𝑥 + 2) 3𝑢

 Apply the constant multiple rule:

8 8
∫ 3 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢−3 𝑑𝑢
3𝑢 3

 Apply the Power Rule:

8 8 𝑢−3+1 8 𝑢−2 8 𝑢−2 4 𝑢−2 4𝑢−2
∫ 𝑢−3 𝑑𝑢 = ( )= ( ) = (− ) = (− )=−
3 3 −3 + 1 3 −2 3 2 3 1 3

 Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2:
4𝑢−2 4 4
− =− 2=−
3 3𝑢 3(𝑥 + 2)2
3

 Add the constant of integration:

𝟒
=− +𝑪
𝟑(𝒙 𝟑 + 𝟐)𝟐

𝑥2
d. ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 3 + 2
𝑑𝑢
 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2. Then 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = .
3

𝑥2 1
∫4 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑢
√𝑥 3 + 2 3𝑢 4

 Apply the constant multiple rule:

1 1 1
∫ 1 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢−4 𝑑𝑢
3
3𝑢 4

 Apply the Power Rule:

 1 3 3 3
1 1 1 𝑢− 4+1 1 𝑢4 1 4𝑢 4 4𝑢 4
∫ 𝑢−4 𝑑𝑢 = ( )= ( )= ( )=
3 3 −1+1 3 3 3 3 9
4 4

 Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 2:
3 3
4𝑢4 4(𝑥 3 + 2)4
=
9 9

 Add the constant of integration:

𝟑
𝟒(𝒙 𝟑 + 𝟐)𝟒
= +𝑪
𝟗

10. Evaluate ∫ 3𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
 Let 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 2 . Then 𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − .
2
3√𝑢
∫ 3𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ − 𝑑𝑢
2

 Apply the constant multiple rule:

3√𝑢 3
∫− 𝑑𝑢 = − ∫ √𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2

 Apply the Power Rule:

1 3 3
3 3 𝑢 2+1 3 𝑢2 3 2𝑢 2 3
− ∫ √𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − ( )=− ( )=− ( ) = −𝑢 2
2 2 1+1 2 3 2 3
2 2

 Recall that 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 2 :
3 3
 −𝑢 2 = −(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 2

 Add the constant of integration:

𝟑
= − (𝟏 − 𝒙 𝟐 ) 𝟐 + 𝑪

(𝑥 + 3)
11. Evaluate ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 ) 3

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥. Then 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥 + 6)𝑑𝑥 and we have (2𝑥 + 6)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢.

(𝑥 + 3) 1
∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 3 𝑑𝑢
(𝑥 2 + )
6𝑥 3 2 √𝑢

 Apply the constant multiple rule:

1 1 1 1 1
∫ 3 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢−3 𝑑𝑢
2 √𝑢 2 √𝑢 2

 Apply the Power Rule:

 1 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 𝑢−3+1 1 𝑢3 1 3𝑢 3 3𝑢 3 3𝑢 3
∫ 𝑢−3 𝑑𝑢 = ( )= ( )= ( ) =
2 2 −1+1 2 2 2 2 4 4
3 3

 Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥:

2 2 2
3𝑢 3 3(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 ) 3 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 6) 3
= =
4 4 4

 Add the constant of integration:

𝟐
𝟑𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟔) 𝟑
= +𝑪
𝟒

3
12. ∫ √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
 Let 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 2 . Then 𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − .
2

3
3 √𝑢
∫ √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ − 𝑑𝑢
2

 Apply the constant multiple rule:

3
√𝑢 1 3 1 1
∫− 𝑑𝑢 = − ∫ √𝑢𝑑𝑢 = − ∫ 𝑢−3 𝑑𝑢
2 2 2

 Apply the Power Rule:

1 4 4 4
1 1 1 𝑢3+1 1 𝑢3 1 3𝑢 3 3𝑢 3
− ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − (
3 )=− ( )=− ( )=−
2 2 1+1 2 4 2 4 4
3 3

 Recall that 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 2 :
4 4
3𝑢 3 3(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 3
− =−
4 4

 Add the constant of integration:

𝟒
𝟑 (𝟏 − 𝒙 𝟐 ) 𝟑
=− +𝑪
𝟒

13. ∫ √𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥

∫ √𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √𝑥 2 (1 − 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 √1 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
 Let 𝑢 = 1 − 2𝑥 2 . Then 𝑑𝑢 = −4𝑥𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − 4
.
1
√𝑢 𝑢2
∫ 𝑥 √1 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ − 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ − 𝑑𝑢
4 4

 Apply the constant multiple rule:

 1
𝑢2 1 1 1 1
∫ − 𝑑𝑢 = − ∫ 𝑢2 = − ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
4 4 4

 Apply the Power Rule:

1 3 3 3
1 1 1 𝑢2+1 1 𝑢2 1 2𝑢 2 𝑢2
− ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = − ( )=− ( )=− ( )=−
4 4 1+1 4 3 4 3 6
2 2

 Recall that 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 2 :
3 3
𝑢2 (1 − 2𝑥 2 ) 2
− =−
6 6

 Add the constant of integration:

𝟑
(𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 ) 𝟐
=− +𝑪
𝟔

(1 + 𝑥 )2
14. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥

 Expand the equation:

(1 + 𝑥 )2 1 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 1 1 3
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 −2 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 𝑥2

 Integrate term by term:

1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3
∫ (𝑥 −2 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

 Apply the Power Rule:

1 1 3
∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 1 3
𝑥 −2+1 𝑥 2+1 𝑥 2+1
=( ) + 2( )+( )
1 1 3
−2 +1 2+1 2+1
1 3 5
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
= ( ) + 2( ) + ( )
1 3 5
2 2 2
3 5 1 3 5 1
1 4𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 30𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 (15 + 10𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 )
= 2𝑥 2 + + = =
3 5 15 15

 Add the constant of integration:

𝟏
𝟐𝒙𝟐 (𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 ) 𝟐√𝒙(𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 )
= + 𝑪 𝑜𝑟 +𝑪
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
15. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)2
  Rewrite and split the fraction:

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 1
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1)2

 Integrate term by term:

1 1 1
∫ (1 − 2
) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1)2

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1. Then 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢.

1 1
𝑥−∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
(𝑥 + 1) 𝑢

 Apply the Power Rule:

𝑢−2+1 𝑢−1 1
𝑥 − ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑥 − =𝑥− =𝑥+
−2 + 1 −1 𝑢

 Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1:

1 1 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 1
𝑥+ =𝑥+ =
𝑢 𝑥+1 𝑥+1

 Add the constant of integration:

𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝟏 ) + 𝟏
= +𝑪
𝒙+𝟏

Formulas 6 and 7
𝑑𝑥
16. Evaluate ∫
𝑥

= 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| + 𝑪

𝑑𝑥
17. Evaluate ∫
𝑥+2

= 𝐥𝐧|𝒙 + 𝟐| + 𝑪

𝑑𝑥
18. Evaluate ∫
2𝑥 − 3

1 2𝑑𝑥 𝟏
= ∫ = 𝐥𝐧|𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑| + 𝑪
2 2𝑥 − 3 𝟐

𝑥
19. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 −1

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 1. Then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥

1 2𝑥 𝟏
= ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐥𝐧|𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏| + 𝑪
2 𝑥 −1 𝟐

𝑥2
20. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 − 2𝑥 3
 𝑑𝑢
 Let 𝑢 = 1 − 2𝑥 3 . Then 𝑑𝑢 = −6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑑𝑥 = −
6𝑥 2

1 1 1 𝟏
= − ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = − ln|𝑢| = − 𝐥𝐧|𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 | + 𝑪
6 𝑢 6 𝟔

𝑥+2
21. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1

 Rewrite and split the fraction:

𝑥+2 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

 Integrate term by term:

1 1 1
∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1. Then 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 and we have 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢.

1 1
𝑥+∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 + ln(𝑢)
𝑥+1 𝑢

 Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1:

𝑥 + ln(𝑢) = 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 + ln(|𝑥 + 1|)

 Add the constant of integration:

= 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧(|𝒙 + 𝟏|) + 𝑪

22. Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑒−𝑥 (−𝑑𝑥) = −𝒆−𝒙 + 𝑪

23. Evaluate ∫ 𝑎2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑡hen 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥

𝑎𝑢 1 1 𝑎𝑢
=∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ( )
2 2 2 ln(𝑎)

 Recall that 𝑢 = 2𝑥

1 𝑎𝑢 1 𝑎2𝑥 𝒂𝟐𝒙
( )= ( )= +𝑪
2 ln(𝑎) 2 ln(𝑎) 𝟐𝐥𝐧(|𝒂|)

24. Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑡hen 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥

1 𝒆𝟑𝒙
= ∫ 𝑒𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑪
3 𝟑
 1
𝑒 ⁄𝑥
25. Evaluate ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
 Let 𝑢 = 1⁄𝑥 𝑡hen 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

𝟏⁄
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝒆 𝒙 +𝑪

26. Evaluate ∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 1)3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 1 𝑡hen 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢

 Apply the Power Rule:

𝑢3+1 𝑢4
∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 = =
3+1 4

 Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 1:

𝑢4 (𝑒 𝑥 + 1)4
=
4 4

 Add the constant of integration:

( 𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏 ) 𝟒
= +𝑪
𝟒

𝑑𝑥
27. Evaluate ∫
𝑒𝑥 + 1

= 𝒙 − 𝐥𝐧|𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏| + 𝑪

𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐬 𝟖 𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟕

1
28. ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

1 1 𝟏
= 2 ∫ (sin 𝑥) ( 𝑑𝑥) = −𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑪
2 2 𝟐

29. ∫ cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝟏
= ∫(cos 3𝑥 )(3𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝒙 + 𝑪
3 𝟑

30. ∫ sin2 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = sin 𝑥 𝑡hen 𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 ∫ sin2 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

 Apply the Power Rule:

𝑢2+1 𝑢3
∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = =
2+1 3

 Recall that 𝑢 = sin 𝑥:

𝑢3 (sin 𝑥 )3 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝒙
= = +𝑪
3 3 𝟑

31. ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

sin 𝑥 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ − 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ln 𝑢
cos 𝑥 𝑢 𝑢

 Recall that 𝑢 = cos 𝑥:

− ln 𝑢 = − ln(cos 𝑥 ) = − 𝐥𝐧|𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙| + 𝑪

32. ∫ tan 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = 2 𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥.

1 1 𝟏
= ∫(tan 𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = ln|sec 𝑢| = 𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙| + 𝑪
2 2 𝟐

33. ∫ 𝑥 cot 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝟏
= ∫(cot 2 𝑥 )(2𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙| + 𝑪
2 𝟐

34. ∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙| + 𝑪

𝑑𝑥
35. ∫ sec √𝑥
√𝑥
1 1 1 1 1
= ∫ (sec 𝑥 2 ) (𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥) = 2 ∫ (sec 𝑥 2 ) ( 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥) = 𝟐𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐞𝐜 √𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 √𝒙| + 𝑪
2

36. ∫ sec2 2𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝒂𝒙
= ∫ sec2 2𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(sec2 2𝑎𝑥 ) (2𝑎𝑑𝑥 ) = +𝑪
2𝑎 𝟐𝒂

sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
37. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥
 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
= ∫( + ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(tan 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥

∫(tan 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙| + 𝒙 + 𝑪

sin 𝑦
38. ∫ 𝑑𝑦
cos 2 𝑦

39. ∫(1 + tan 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(1 + 2 tan 𝑥 + tan2 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

 Note: 1 + tan2 𝑥 = sec2 𝑥

∫(1 + 2 tan 𝑥 + tan2 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(sec2 𝑥 + 2 tan 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

 Integrate term by term:

= ∫ sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙| + 𝑪

40. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

= ∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑢 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪

41. ∫ 𝑒 3 cos 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = 3 cos 2𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑢 = −6sin2x𝑑𝑥.

𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
𝑒𝑢
= ∫− = − ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑢 = −
6 6 6

 Recall that 𝑢 = 3 cos 2𝑥:

𝑒𝑢 𝒆𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙
− =− +𝑪
6 𝟔

𝑑𝑥
42. ∫
1 + cos 𝑥

 Multiply 1 − cos𝑥/1 − cos𝑥 in the equation.

(1 − cos𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 (1 + cos𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

=∫ =∫
(1 − cos𝑥 )1 + cos 𝑥 1 − cos 2 𝑥

 Remember that 1 − cos 2 𝑥 = sin2 𝑥

(1 − cos𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 1 cos𝑥 2

cos 𝑥 1
=∫ = ∫ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (csc 𝑥 − ⋅ ) 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥

 Note:
 sin 𝑥 1
= tan 𝑥 = cot 𝑥
cos 𝑥 tan 𝑥

= ∫(csc2 𝑥 − cot 𝑥 csc 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 + 𝑪

43. ∫(tan 2𝑥 + sec 2𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(tan2 2𝑥 + 2 tan 2𝑥 sec 2𝑥 + sec2 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

 Remember that tan2 𝑥 = sec2 𝑥 − 1

= ∫(2 tan 2𝑥 sec 2𝑥 + sec2 2𝑥 + sec2 2𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(2 tan 2𝑥 sec 2𝑥 + 2 sec2 2𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

 Integrate term by term:

= ∫ 2 tan 2𝑥 sec 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 sec2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝑪

44. ∫ csc 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

= 𝐥𝐧|𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒖 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒖| + 𝑪

45. ∫(sec 4𝑥 − 1)2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(sec2 4𝑥 − 2 sec 4𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥

 Integrate term by term:

= ∫ sec2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2 sec 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟏
= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒𝒙 − 𝐥𝐧|𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟒𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒𝒙| + 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟒 𝟐

sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
46. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 + 𝑏 sec 𝑥

 Let 𝑢 =, then 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑏 (sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥.

1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝟏
= ∫ = ln|𝑎 + 𝑢| = 𝐥𝐧|𝒂 + 𝒃 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙| + 𝑪
𝑏 𝑎+𝑢 𝑏 𝒃

𝑑𝑥
47. ∫
csc 2𝑥 − cot 2𝑥

 Note:
1 cos 𝑥
csc 𝑥 = cot 𝑥 =
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫ =∫ =∫
csc 2𝑥 − cot 2𝑥 1 cos 2𝑥 1 − cos 2𝑥 1 − cos 2𝑥
sin2 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = −cos 2𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑢 = sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝟏
= ∫ = ln|1 − 𝑢| = 𝐥𝐧|𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙| + 𝑪
2 1−𝑢 2 𝟐

𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐬 𝟏𝟖 𝐭𝐨 𝟐𝟎
𝑑𝑥
48. ∫ = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪
√1 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥
49. ∫ = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪
1 + 𝑥2

𝑑𝑥
50. ∫ = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝑪
𝑥√𝑥 2 − 1

𝑑𝑥 𝒙
51. ∫ = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 + 𝑪
√4 − 𝑥 2 𝟐

𝑑𝑥 𝒙
52. ∫ = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝑪
9 + 𝑥2 𝟑

𝑑𝑥
53. ∫
√25 − 16𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥 𝟏 𝟒𝒙
=∫ = ∫ = (arcsin ) = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝑪
4 2 4 5 𝟒 𝟓
√16 (25 − 𝑥 2 ) √(5) − 𝑥 2 4
16 2

𝑑𝑥
54. ∫
4𝑥 2 + 9

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 1 𝑥 1 2 2𝑥 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
=∫ = ∫ 2 = ( arctan ) = ( arctan ) = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝑪
9 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 𝟔 𝟑
4 (𝑥 2 + ) 𝑥2 + ( )
4 2 2 2

𝑑𝑥
55. ∫
𝑥√4𝑥 2 − 9

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥
=∫ =∫ = ∫
9 9 2 3 2
𝑥 √4 (𝑥 2 − ) 2𝑥 √(𝑥 2 − ) 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − (2)
4 4

1 1 𝑥 1 2 2𝑥 𝟏 𝟐𝒙
= ( arcsec ) = ( arcsec ) = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐞𝐜 +𝑪
2 3 3 2 3 3 𝟑 𝟑
2 2

`
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
56. ∫
√1 − 𝑥 6
 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
=∫
√1 − (𝑥 3 )2

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 , then 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥.

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢 1 1
=∫ = ∫ = (arcsin 𝑢) = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙𝟑 + 𝑪
3√1 − (𝑢)2 3 √1 − (𝑢)2 3 3

𝑥𝑑𝑥
57. ∫
𝑥4 + 3

𝑥𝑑𝑥
=∫
(𝑥 2 ) 2
+3

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 , then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥.

1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑥2 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
= ∫ = ( arctan ) = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝑪
2 𝑢2 + √3 2 √3 √3 𝟐√𝟑 √𝟑

𝑑𝑥
58. ∫
𝑥√𝑥 4 − 1

𝑑𝑥
=∫
𝑥√(𝑥 2 )2 − 1

 Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 , then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝟏
= ∫ = arcsec 𝑢 = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪
2 𝑥√𝑢2 − 1 2 𝟐

𝑑𝑥
59. ∫
√4 − (𝑥 + 2)2

𝒙+𝟐
= 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝑪
𝟐

𝑑𝑥
60. ∫
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥

 Multiply 𝑒 𝑥 /𝑒 𝑥 in the equation

𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑥 𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑥 = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪
𝑒 (𝑒 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) 𝑒 +1

3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
61. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 + 1
 4
= ∫ ( 3𝑥 + 4 − ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 +1

 Integrate term by term:

4
= ∫ 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 +1

32 𝑑𝑥 𝟑𝟐
= + 4𝑥 − 4 ∫ 2 = + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪
2 𝑥 +1 𝟐

sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
62. ∫
9 + 4 sec2 𝑥

sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

=∫ 2
=∫ 2
9 + 4 sec 𝑥 3 + (2 sec 𝑥 )2

 Let 𝑢 = 2 sec 𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑢 = 2 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑢2 𝟏 𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙
= ∫ 2
= ( arctan ) = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝑪
2 +𝑢 2 3 3 𝟔 √𝟑

(𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
63. ∫
√1 − 𝑥 2

 Simplify:

(𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3
∫ = ∫( + ) 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2

 Integrate term by term:

𝑥 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫
√1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑥
In equation ∫ 𝑑𝑥, Let 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥 2 then 𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥:
√1 − 𝑥2
1 1
𝑥 1 𝑑𝑢 1 −
1 1 𝑢−2+1 1 𝑢2 1 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ = − ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − (
2 ) = − ( ) = − (2𝑢2 ) = −𝑢2
√1 − 𝑥 2 2 √𝑢 2 2 −1+1 2 1 2
2 2
1
= − (1 − 𝑥 2 )2 = − √ 1 − 𝑥 2

 Therefore,

𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ = −√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙 + 𝑪
√1 − 𝑥2 √1 − 𝑥2

(2𝑥 − 7)𝑑𝑥
64. ∫
𝑥2 + 9

 Simplify:

(2𝑥 − 7)𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 7
∫ 2
= ∫( 2 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +9 𝑥 +9 𝑥 +9
  Integrate term by term:

2𝑥 7 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 − 7∫ 2
𝑥2 +9 𝑥 +9 𝑥 +9 𝑥 +9

𝟕 𝒙
= 𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗) − 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 + 𝑪
𝟑 𝟑

𝑑𝑦
65. ∫
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 30

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
=∫ = ∫ = ∫ = ∫ 2
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 30 𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25 + 5 (𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25) + 5 (𝑦 + 5)2 + (√5)

1 𝑦+5 √𝟓 (𝒚 + 𝟓)√𝟓
= arctan = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝑪
√5 √5 𝟓 𝟓

𝑑𝑥
66. ∫
√20 + 8𝑥 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫ = ∫
√20 + 8𝑥 − 𝑥 2 √36 − (𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16) √62 − (𝑥 − 4)2

𝒙−𝟒
= 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝑪
𝟔

𝑑𝑥
67. ∫
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫ 2 =∫ 2 =∫
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 10 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 1 + 9 2
(4𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 1) + 9

𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
=∫ 2 2
= 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝑪
(2𝑥 + 1) + 3 𝟑 𝟑

𝑥+1
68. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 8

 Multiply 2/2 in the equation.

𝑥+1 2(𝑥 + 1) 2𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 − 4 + 6
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8 2(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8) 2(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8) 2(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8)

(2𝑥 − 4) + 6
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
2(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8)

 Integrate term by term:

(2𝑥 − 4) 6
=∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
2(𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8) 2(𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8)

1 (2𝑥 − 4) 1
= ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
2 (𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8) (𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8)

1 (2𝑥 − 4)
For equation ∫ 2 , let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8 then 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥 − 4)𝑑𝑥
2 ( 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8)
 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ + 3∫ 2 = ∫ + 3∫ 2
2 𝑢 (𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8) 2 𝑢 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 4

1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ + 3∫ 2 = ∫ +3∫
2 𝑢 (𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4) + 4 2 𝑢 (𝑥 − 2)2 + 22

1 1 𝑥−2 1 3 𝑥−2
= ln|𝑢| + 3 ( arctan ) = ln|𝑢| + arctan
2 2 2 2 2 2

 Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8

𝟏 𝟑 𝒙−𝟐
= 𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟖) + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝑑𝑥
69. ∫
√28 − 12𝑥 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫ =∫
√28 − 12𝑥 − 𝑥 2 √64 − 36 − 12𝑥 − 𝑥 2 √64 − (36 + 12𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )

𝑑𝑥 𝒙+𝟔
=∫ = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝑪
√82 − (𝑥 + 6)2 𝟖

𝑥+3
70. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

 Multiply − 2/−2 in the equation.

−2(𝑥 + 3) −2𝑥 − 6 −2𝑥 − 4 − 2

=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
−2√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

(−2𝑥 − 4) − 2
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
−2√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

−2𝑥 − 4 2
= ∫( − ) 𝑑𝑥
−2√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

 Integrate term by term:

−2𝑥 − 4 2𝑑𝑥 1 −2𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ =− ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫
−2√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 2 √5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 √5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

1 −2𝑥 − 4
For equation − ∫ 𝑑𝑥, let 𝑢 = 5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 then 𝑑𝑢 = (−2𝑥 − 4)𝑑𝑥
2 √5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

1 1
1 𝑑𝑢 1 −
1 1 𝑢−2+1 1 𝑢2 1 1 1
=− ∫ = − ∫𝑢 2 = − ( ) = − ( ) = − (2𝑢2 ) = −𝑢2
2 √𝑢 2 2 −1 + 1 2 1 2
2 2

Recall that 𝑢 = 5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 :

1
= −(5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )2 = −√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

 Therefore,
 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= −√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + ∫ = −√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + ∫
√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 √9 − 4 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= −√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + ∫ = −√5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + ∫
√9 − (4 + 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) √33 − (𝑥 + 2)2

𝒙+𝟐
= −√𝟓 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝑪
𝟑

2𝑥 + 3
71. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8

 Multiply 9/9 in the equation.

9(2𝑥 + 3) 18𝑥 + 27 18𝑥 − 12 + 39

=∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
9(9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8) 9(9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8) 9(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8)

(18𝑥 − 12) + 39 18𝑥 − 12 39

=∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ 2
+ 2
] 𝑑𝑥
9(9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8) 9(9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8) 9(9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8)

 Integrate term by term:

18𝑥 − 12 39
=∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
9(9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8) 9(9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8)

1 18𝑥 − 12 13 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2
9 (9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8) 3 (9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8)

1 18𝑥 − 12
For equation ∫ 𝑑𝑥, let 𝑢 = 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8 then 𝑑𝑢 = (18𝑥 − 12)𝑑𝑥
9 (9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8)

1 18𝑥 − 12 1 𝑑𝑢 1
∫ 2
= ∫ = ln|𝑢|
9 (9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8) 9 𝑢 9

Recall that 𝑢 = 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8:

1 1
ln|𝑢| = ln|9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8|
9 9

 Therefore,

1 13 𝑑𝑥 1 13 𝑑𝑥
= ln|9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8| + ∫ 2
= ln(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8) + ∫ 2
9 3 (9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 8) 9 3 9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 4 + 4

1 13 𝑑𝑥
= ln(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8) + ∫ 2
9 3 (9𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 4) + 4

1 13 𝑑𝑥
= ln(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8) + ∫
9 3 (3𝑥 − 2)2 + 22

1 13 1 3𝑥 − 2 𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐
= ln(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8) + ( arctan ) = 𝐥𝐧(𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖) + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝑪
9 3 2 2 𝟗 𝟔 𝟐

𝑥+2
72. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

 Multiply − 2/−2 in the equation.

 −2(𝑥 + 2) −2𝑥 − 4 −2𝑥 + 4 − 8 (−2𝑥 + 4) − 8
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
−2√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

−2𝑥 + 4 8
= ∫( − ) 𝑑𝑥
−2√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

 Integrate term by term:

−2𝑥 + 4 8 1 −2𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫
−2√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 −2√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 2 √4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 √4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

1 −2𝑥 + 4
For equation − ∫ 𝑑𝑥, let 𝑢 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 then 𝑑𝑢 = (−2𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥
2 √4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

1 1
1 𝑑𝑢 1 −
1 1 𝑢−2+1 1 𝑢2 1 1 1
=− ∫ = − ∫𝑢 = − (
2 ) = − ( ) = − (2𝑢2 ) = −𝑢2
2 √𝑢 2 2 −1 +1 2 1 2
2 2

Recall that 𝑢 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 :

1 1
−𝑢2 = −(4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )2 = −√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

 Therefore,

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= −√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 4 ∫ = −√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 4 ∫
√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 √4 − 4 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= −√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 4 ∫ = −√4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 4 ∫
√4 − (4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) √22 − (𝑥 − 2)2

𝒙+𝟐
= −√𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝑪
𝟐

𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐬 𝟐𝟏 𝐭𝐨 𝟐𝟒

𝑑𝑥
73. ∫
𝑥2 −1

1 𝑥−1 𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
= ln | | = 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
2(1) 𝑥 + 1 𝟐 𝒙+𝟏

𝑑𝑥
74. ∫
1 − 𝑥2

1 1+𝑥 𝟏 𝟏+𝒙
= ln | | = 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
2(1) 1 − 𝑥 𝟐 𝟏−𝒙

𝑑𝑥
75. ∫
𝑥2 − 4

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥−1 𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
=∫ = ln | | = 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
𝑥2 −2 2 2(2) 𝑥+1 𝟒 𝒙+𝟏
 𝑑𝑥
76. ∫
9 − 𝑥2

𝑑𝑥 1 1+𝑥 𝟏 𝟏+𝒙
=∫ = ln | | = 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
32 −𝑥 2 2(3) 1−𝑥 𝟔 𝟏−𝒙

𝑑𝑥
77. ∫
√𝑥 2 + 1

= 𝐥𝐧 (𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) + 𝑪

𝑑𝑥
78. ∫
√𝑥 2 − 1

= 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏| + 𝑪

𝑑𝑥
79. ∫
√4𝑥 2 + 9

𝑑𝑥 1 2𝑑𝑥 𝟏
=∫ = ∫ = 𝐥𝐧 (𝟐𝒙 + √𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗) + 𝑪
√(2𝑥 )2 + 32 2 √(2𝑥 )2 + 32 𝟐

𝑑𝑧
80. ∫
√9𝑧 2 − 25

𝑧 1 3𝑑𝑧 𝟏
=∫ = ∫ = 𝐥𝐧 |𝟑𝒛 + √𝟗𝒛𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓| + 𝑪
√(3𝑧)2 − 52 3 √(3𝑧)2 − 52 𝟑

𝑑𝑥
81. ∫
9𝑥 2 − 16

𝑑𝑥 1 3𝑑𝑥
=∫ 2 2
= ∫
(3𝑥 ) − 4 3 (3𝑥 )2 − 42

1 1 3𝑥 − 4 𝟏 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒
= ( ln | |) = 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
3 2(4) 3𝑥 + 4 𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒

𝑑𝑦
82. ∫
25 − 16𝑦 2

𝑑𝑦 1 4𝑑𝑦
=∫ = ∫ 2
52 − (4𝑦) 2 4 5 − (4𝑦)2

1 1 5 + 4𝑦 𝟏 𝟓 + 𝟒𝒚
= ( ln | |) = 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
4 2(5) 5 − 4𝑦 𝟒𝟎 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒚

𝑑𝑥
83. ∫
𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 8

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ =∫ 2 =∫
𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9 − 1 (𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 9) − 1 (𝑥 + 3)2 − 1

1 (𝑥 + 3) − 1 𝟏 𝒙+𝟐
= ln | | = 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
2(1) (𝑥 + 3) + 1 𝟐 𝒙+𝟒
 𝑑𝑥
84. ∫
4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 2
=∫ ∫ 2
4 − 4 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 4 + (4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 ) 2 − (𝑥 − 2)2
2

1 2 + (𝑥 − 2) 𝟏 𝒙
= ln | | = 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
2(2) 2 − (𝑥 − 2) 𝟒 𝟒−𝒙

𝑑𝑠
85. ∫
√4𝑠 + 𝑠 2

𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠
=∫ =∫ = ln |𝑠 + 2 + √(𝑠 + 2)2 − 4|
√4 − 4 + 4𝑠 + 𝑠2 √22 − (𝑠 + 2)2

= 𝐥𝐧 |𝒔 + 𝟐 + √𝟒𝒔 + 𝒔𝟐 | + 𝑪

𝑥+2
86. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 9

 Multiply 2/2 in the equation.

2𝑥 + 4 2𝑥 4
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( + ) 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥 2 +9 2√𝑥 2 +9 2√𝑥 2 + 9

 Integrate term by term:

2𝑥 4 1 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫
2√𝑥 2 + 9 2√𝑥 2 + 9 2 √𝑥 2 + 9 √𝑥 2 + 9

1 2𝑥
For equation ∫ 𝑑𝑥, let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 9 then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 √𝑥 2 + 9

1 1
1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 1 𝑢−2+1 1 𝑢2 1 1 1
= ∫ = ∫ 𝑢−2 = ( ) = ( ) = (2𝑢2 ) = 𝑢2
2 √𝑢 2 2 −1+ 1 2 1 2
2 2

Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 9:

1 1
𝑢2 = (𝑥 2 + 9)2 = √𝑥 2 + 9

 Therefore,

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= √𝑥 2 + 9 + 2 ∫ = √𝑥 2 + 9 + 2 ∫
√𝑥 2 + 9 √𝑥 2 + 32

= √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗 + 𝟐 𝐥𝐧 (𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗) + 𝑪

2𝑥 − 3
87. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
4𝑥 2 − 11
 Multiply 4/4 in the equation.
 8𝑥 − 12 8𝑥 12
=∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( − ) 𝑑𝑥
4(4𝑥 − 11) 4(4𝑥 − 11) 4(4𝑥 2 − 11)
2

 Integrate term by term:

8𝑥 12 1 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ 2
4(4𝑥 − 11) 4(4𝑥 − 11) 4 4𝑥 − 11 4𝑥 − 11

1 8𝑥
For equation ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥, let 𝑢 = 4𝑥 2 − 11 then 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥𝑑𝑥
4 4𝑥 − 11

1 𝑑𝑢 1
= ∫ = ln|𝑢|
4 𝑢 4

Recall that 𝑢 = 4𝑥 2 − 11:

1 1
ln|𝑢| = ln(4𝑥 2 − 11)
4 4

𝑑𝑥
Then for equation 3 ∫ , . Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 and 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥
4𝑥 2− 11

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑢 3 𝑑𝑢
3∫ = 3 ∫ = ∫ = ∫ =
4𝑥 2 − 11 (2𝑥 )2 − √11 2 𝑢2 − √11 2 𝑢2 − √11

3 1 𝑢 − √11 3 𝑢 − √11 3√11 𝑢 − √11 3√11 𝑢 − √11

= ( ln | |) = ln | |= ln | |= ln | |
2 2√11 𝑢 + √11 4√11 𝑢 + √11 4(11) 𝑢 + √11 44 𝑢 + √11

Recall that 𝑢 = 2𝑥:

3√11 𝑢 − √11 3√11 2𝑥 − √11

ln | |= ln | |
44 𝑢 + √11 44 2𝑥 + √11

 Therefore,

𝟏 𝟑√𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝒙 − √𝟏𝟏
= 𝐥𝐧(𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏) − 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝒙 + √𝟏𝟏

𝑥+2
88. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3

 Multiply 2/2 in the equation.

2𝑥 + 4 2𝑥 + 2 + 2 (2𝑥 + 2) + 2
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 2√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 2√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3

2𝑥 4
= ∫( + ) 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 2√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3

 Integrate term by term:

2𝑥 + 2 2 1 2𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫
2√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 2√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 2 √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
 1 2𝑥 + 2
For equation ∫ 𝑑𝑥, let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 then 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥
2 √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3

1 1
1 𝑑𝑢 1 1 1 𝑢−2+1 1 𝑢2 1 1 1
= ∫ = ∫ 𝑢−2 = ( ) = ( ) = (2𝑢2 ) = 𝑢2
2 √𝑢 2 2 −1+ 1 2 1 2
2 2

Recall that 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3:

1 1
𝑢2 = (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3)2 = √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3

 Therefore,

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 + ∫ = √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 + ∫
√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 4

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 + ∫ = √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 + ∫
√(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) − 4 √(𝑥 + 1)2 − 22

= √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙 + 𝟏 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑| + 𝑪

2−𝑥
89. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3

 Multiply − 8/−8 in the equation.

−16 + 8𝑥 8𝑥 + 4 − 20 (8𝑥 + 4) − 20
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
−8(4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3) −8(4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3) − − 8(4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3)

(8𝑥 + 4) 20
= ∫( 2
− 2
) 𝑑𝑥
−8(4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3) −8(4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3)

 Integrate term by term:

(8𝑥 + 4) 20
=∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
−8(4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3) −8(4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3)

1 8𝑥 + 4 5 𝑑𝑥
=− ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2
8 (4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3) 2 (4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3)

1 8𝑥 + 4
For equation − ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥, let 𝑢 = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3 then 𝑑𝑢 = (8𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥
8 ( 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3)

1 𝑑𝑢 1
=− ∫ = − ln|𝑢|
8 𝑢 8

Recall that 𝑢 = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3:

1 1
− ln|𝑢| = − ln|4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3|
8 8

 Therefore,

1 5 𝑑𝑥
= − ln|4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3| + ∫ 2
8 2 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3
 1 5 𝑑𝑥
= − ln|4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3| + ∫ 2
8 2 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 1 − 4

1 5 𝑑𝑥
= − ln|4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3| + ∫ 2
8 2 (4𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 1) − 4

1 5 𝑑𝑥
= − ln|4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3| + ∫
8 2 (2𝑥 + 1)2 − 22

1 5 1 (2𝑥 + 1) − 2
= − ln|4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3| + ( ln | |)
8 2 2(4) (2𝑥 + 1) + 2

𝟏 𝟓 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
= − 𝐥𝐧|𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑| + 𝐥𝐧 | |+𝑪
𝟖 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑

𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝟐𝟓 𝐭𝐨 𝟐𝟕

90. ∫ √25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ √52 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝟐𝟓 𝒙
= 𝒙√𝟐𝟓 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 + 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓

91. ∫ √3 − 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2
= ∫ √(√3) − (2𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥

1 2 1 2𝑥 1 𝑥
= ∫ √(√3) − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ( √3 − 𝑢2 + 3arcsin )
2 2 2 2 √3

𝑥 1 𝑥
= √3 − 𝑢2 + 3arcsin
2 2 √3

 Recall that 𝑢 = 2𝑥

1 3 𝑥 𝟏 𝟑 𝒙√𝟑
= 𝑥√3 − 4𝑥 2 + arcsin = 𝒙√𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝑪
2 2 √3 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑

92. ∫ √𝑥 2 − 36 𝑑𝑥
1 36
= ∫ √𝑥 2 − 62 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 36 − ln |𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 36|
2 2

𝟏
= 𝒙√𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟏𝟖 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔| + 𝑪
𝟐

93. ∫ √3𝑥 2 + 5 𝑑𝑥

2 2
= ∫ √(√3𝑥) + (√5) 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = √3𝑥 then 𝑑𝑢 = √3𝑑𝑥

 1 2 1 1 1
= ∫ √𝑢2 + (√5) 𝑑𝑢 = ( 𝑢√𝑢2 + 5 + 5 ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 5))
√3 √3 2 2

1 1
= 𝑢 √𝑢 2 + 5 + 5 ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 5)
2√3 2√3

√3 √3
= 𝑢 √𝑢 2 + 5 + 5 ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 5)
6 6

 Recall that 𝑢 = √3𝑥

√3 5√3
= √3𝑥√3𝑥 2 + 5 + ln (√3𝑥 + √3𝑥 2 + 5)
6 6

3 5√3
= 𝑥√3𝑥 2 + 5 + ln (√3𝑥 + √3𝑥 2 + 5)
6 6

𝟏 𝟓√𝟑
= 𝒙√𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 + 𝐥𝐧 (√𝟑𝒙 + √𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓) + 𝑪
𝟐 𝟔

94. ∫ √3 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ √4 − 1 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √4 − (1 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √22 − (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥

1 1 𝑥+1
= (𝑥 + 1)√3 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 4arcsin
2 2 2

𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏
= √𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝑪
𝟐 𝟐

95. ∫ √4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ √4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 + 4 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √(4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1) + 4 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √(2𝑥 − 1)2 + 22 𝑑𝑥

 Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 1then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ √𝑢2 + 22 𝑑𝑢
2
1 1 1
= [ (𝑢 − 1)√(𝑢 − 1)2 + 22 + (4) ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 22 )]
2 2 2

1 1
= 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 + (4) ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 22 )
4 4
𝑢
= √𝑢2 + 22 + ln (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 22 )
4

 Recall that 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 1

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
= √𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓 + 𝐥𝐧 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 + √𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓) + 𝑪
𝟒