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    Adaptive Immunity (1522)

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    Tinotenda Karume
    This document summarizes the adaptive immune system and the cells involved. It describes how humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells that neutralize pathogens and toxins. Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells and macrophages that eliminate pathogens within cells and aberrant cells. Adaptive immunity is specific, diverse, enhanced with exposure, self-limiting, and involves lymphocytes, antigen presentation, and cytokine signaling. Lymphoid organs like the thymus, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes are where immune cells develop and responses occur. The roles of T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and other immune cells in acquired immunity are outlined.

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    Adaptive Immunity (1522)

    Uploaded by

    Tinotenda Karume
    37 views24 pages
    This document summarizes the adaptive immune system and the cells involved. It describes how humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells that neutralize pathogens and toxins. Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells and macrophages that eliminate pathogens within cells and aberrant cells. Adaptive immunity is specific, diverse, enhanced with exposure, self-limiting, and involves lymphocytes, antigen presentation, and cytokine signaling. Lymphoid organs like the thymus, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes are where immune cells develop and responses occur. The roles of T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and other immune cells in acquired immunity are outlined.

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    Adaptive Immunity[1522]

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    This document summarizes the adaptive immune system and the cells involved. It describes how humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells that neutralize pathogens and toxins. Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells and macrophages that eliminate pathogens within cells and aberrant cells. Adaptive immunity is specific, diverse, enhanced with exposure, self-limiting, and involves lymphocytes, antigen presentation, and cytokine signaling. Lymphoid organs like the thymus, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes are where immune cells develop and responses occur. The roles of T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and other immune cells in acquired immunity are outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views24 pages

    Adaptive Immunity (1522)

    Uploaded by

    Tinotenda Karume
    This document summarizes the adaptive immune system and the cells involved. It describes how humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells that neutralize pathogens and toxins. Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells and macrophages that eliminate pathogens within cells and aberrant cells. Adaptive immunity is specific, diverse, enhanced with exposure, self-limiting, and involves lymphocytes, antigen presentation, and cytokine signaling. Lymphoid organs like the thymus, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes are where immune cells develop and responses occur. The roles of T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and other immune cells in acquired immunity are outlined.

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    INDUCED DEFENCES OF THE BODY

    MODULE 5
    5.2 Adaptive Immunity/ Function of Immune cells .
    Humoral Immunity

    • Humoral immunity (HI) Ab molecule

    • 1. Is mediated by proteins termed antibodies.

    • 2. Neutralizes microorganisms and toxins and removes antigens in the


    body fluids by amplifying Phagocytosis or lysis by complement.
    Cell Mediated Immunity

    • B. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)


    •
    • Is mediated mainly by T cytotoxic cells, NK cells, and activated
    macrophages.

    • Is responsible for eradicating microorganisms residing within body cells,


    as well as the killing of aberrant cells.
    Adaptive Immunity

    • Adaptive immune defenses have in common that they are:

    • • Specific for particular antigens and are specialized to provide the best
    protection
    • • Diverse in their specificity
    • • Enhanced with each repeated exposure (express immunologic
    memory)
    • • Capable of self/non-self recognition
    • • Self-limiting
    Adaptive Immunity

    • Phagocytic cells process and display antigen to facilitate stimulation


    of specific T lymphocytes.

    • • Macrophages secrete immunoregulatory molecules (cytokines),


    which help trigger the initiation of specific immune responses.
    • •
    • T lymphocytes produce cytokines, which enhance the microbicidal
    activities of phagocytes.

    • • Antibodies produced by plasma cells bind to pathogens and activate


    the complement system to result in the destruction of the invaders.
    • • Antibodies produced by B lymphocytes bind to pathogens and assist
    with phagocytosis (opsonization).
    Lymphoid Organs

    • Organs involved
    • 1. Central lymphoid organs
    • a. This is where immunocompetent cells are developed.
    • b. Comprised of the thymus and bone marrow.

    • 2. Peripheral lymphoid organs


    • a. This is where immunocompetency is expressed.
    • b. Includes the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and intestinal
    Peyer’s patches.
    Immune Cells Involved in Acquired Immunity

    • Cells involved

    • Antigen presenting cells (APCs), thymus-derived (T cells), and bone


    marrow–derived (B) cells interact in the organs.

    • Along with cytokine release are responsible for HI and CMI adaptive
    immunity .
    Acquired Immunity

    • Development of the adaptive immune system

    • Multipotential stem cells originate in the fetal liver and bone marrow.

    • When they migrate to the fetal thymus, they acquire the phenotypic
    characteristics of T cells under the influence of thymic hormones.
    Immune cells in Acquired Immunity
    Immune cells in Adaptive Immunity
    Monocyte
    Macrophage
    Eosinophil / Dendritic cell
    Eosinophil
    Basophil / Mast cell
    Lymphocyte
    Natural Killer cells
    Plasma cells
    Cellular Interaction in Adaptive Immunity
    T Cells
    • T cells are characterized by:
    • a. Clusters of differentiation (CD)
    • (1) Phenotypic protein markers appearing on the T-cell membrane at
    different stages of differentiation
    • in the thymus.
    • (2) CD2 and CD3 are major markers retained on all peripheral T cells
    and are useful in identifying and counting T cells.
    • (3) CD4 defines a T-helper (Th) cell subset, which aids responsiveness of
    B cells and other
    • immunocompetent cells.
    • (4) Th cells differentiate in the thymus into Th0, Th1, and Th2 cells
    based on differences in the cytokines they secrete.
    Types of Immune cells
    Mature B Lymphocyte
    Mature T Lymphocyte
    • Image sources Text Book of Microbiology by Kaplan 5th edition.

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