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    History of Microwave Communication

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    JessaSanchez
    Microwave communication has its origins in the late 19th century work of James Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz, who demonstrated the existence of electromagnetic waves, including microwaves. Early experimental microwave communication systems in the 1930s showed the potential of the technology but were not commercially viable. The 1950s saw significant growth of microwave relay networks in the US and elsewhere to carry long distance telephone and television signals. While fiber optic cables and satellites have since replaced many fixed microwave networks, the technology continues to be used for portable radio applications due to its efficiency and low costs.

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    History of Microwave Communication

    Uploaded by

    JessaSanchez
    157 views1 page
    Microwave communication has its origins in the late 19th century work of James Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz, who demonstrated the existence of electromagnetic waves, including microwaves. Early experimental microwave communication systems in the 1930s showed the potential of the technology but were not commercially viable. The 1950s saw significant growth of microwave relay networks in the US and elsewhere to carry long distance telephone and television signals. While fiber optic cables and satellites have since replaced many fixed microwave networks, the technology continues to be used for portable radio applications due to its efficiency and low costs.

    Original Description:

    Microwave History

    Original Title

    MICROWAVE HISTORY

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    Microwave communication has its origins in the late 19th century work of James Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz, who demonstrated the existence of electromagnetic waves, including microwaves. Early experimental microwave communication systems in the 1930s showed the potential of the technology but were not commercially viable. The 1950s saw significant growth of microwave relay networks in the US and elsewhere to carry long distance telephone and television signals. While fiber optic cables and satellites have since replaced many fixed microwave networks, the technology continues to be used for portable radio applications due to its efficiency and low costs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    157 views1 page

    History of Microwave Communication

    Uploaded by

    JessaSanchez
    Microwave communication has its origins in the late 19th century work of James Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz, who demonstrated the existence of electromagnetic waves, including microwaves. Early experimental microwave communication systems in the 1930s showed the potential of the technology but were not commercially viable. The 1950s saw significant growth of microwave relay networks in the US and elsewhere to carry long distance telephone and television signals. While fiber optic cables and satellites have since replaced many fixed microwave networks, the technology continues to be used for portable radio applications due to its efficiency and low costs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Jessa May D.

    Sanchez ECE4P-D

    HISTORY OF MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

    James Clerk Maxwell, using his “Maxwell equations”, predicted the existence of invisible
    electromagnetic waves, of which microwaves are a part, in 1865. In 1888, Heinrich Hertz became the
    first to demonstrate the existence of such waves by building an apparatus that produced and detected
    microwaves in the ultrahigh frequency region. Hertz recognized that the results of his experiment
    validated Maxwell’s prediction, but he did not see any practical applications for these invisible waves.
    Later work by others led to the invention of wireless communications, based on microwaves.
    Contributors to this work included Nikola Tesla, Guglielmo Marconi, Samuel Morse, Sir William
    Thomson (later Lord Kelvin), Oliver Heaviside, Lord Rayleigh, and Olive Lodge.

    In 1931 a US-French consortium demonstrated an experimental microwave


    relay link across the English Channel using 10 foot(3m) dishes, one of the
    earliest microwave communication systems. Telephony, telegraph and
    facsimile data was transmitted over the 1.7GHz beams 40 miles between
    Dover, UK and Calais, France. However it could not compete with cheap
    undersea cable rates, and a planned commercial system was never built.
    During the 1950s the AT&T Long Lines system of microwave relay links
    grew to carry the majority of US long distance telephone traffic, as well as
    intercontinental television network signals. The prototype was called TDX and was tested with a
    connection between New York City and Murray Hill, the location of Bell Laboratories in 1946. The
    TDX system was set up between New York and Boston in 1947. Military microwave relay systems
    continued to be use into the 1960s, when many of these systems were supplanted with tropospheric
    scatter or communication satellite systems. Long-distance microwave rely networks were built in
    many countries until the 1980s, when the technology lost its share of fixed operation to newer
    technologies such as fiber-optic cable and communication satellites, which offer a lower cost per bit.
    At the turn of the century, microwave radio relay systems are being used increasingly in portable
    radio applications. The technology is particularly suited to this application because of lower operating
    costs, a more efficient infrastructure, and provision of direct hardware access to the portable radio
    operator. Practical use of microwave frequencies did not occur until the 1940s and 1950s due to a
    lack of adequate sources, since the triode vacuum tube (valve) electronic oscillator used in radio
    transmitters could not produce frequencies above a few hundred megahertz due to excessive
    electron transit time and inter electrode capacitance, by the 1930s, the first low power microwave
    vacuum tubes had been developed using new principles; the Barkhausen-Kurz tube and the split-
    anode magnetron. These could generate a few watts power of frequencies up to a few gigahertz, and
    were used in the first experiments in communication with microwaves.
    Microwave radar became the central technology used in air traffic control, maritime navigation, anti-
    aircraft defense, ballistic missile detection, and later many other uses. Rdar satellite communication
    motivated the development of modern microwave antennas; the parabolic antenna (the most common
    type) and etc. The ability of short waves to quickly heat materials and cook food had been
    investigated in the 1930s by I.F. Mouromtseff at Westinghouse.

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