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    Babylonian-Egyptian Ancient Civilization

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    Riza Mae Bayo
    Ancient Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations made significant contributions to early mathematics. The Egyptians developed a base-10 numeral system represented with hieroglyphs and used fractions. They could perform basic arithmetic operations and knew concepts like area of triangles and circles. The Babylonians also used a place-value system, though base-60, and were the first to introduce the positional number system and approximate zero with a placeholder symbol. Both civilizations made advances in geometry and applied math to fields like construction.

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    Babylonian-Egyptian Ancient Civilization

    Uploaded by

    Riza Mae Bayo
    263 views34 pages
    Ancient Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations made significant contributions to early mathematics. The Egyptians developed a base-10 numeral system represented with hieroglyphs and used fractions. They could perform basic arithmetic operations and knew concepts like area of triangles and circles. The Babylonians also used a place-value system, though base-60, and were the first to introduce the positional number system and approximate zero with a placeholder symbol. Both civilizations made advances in geometry and applied math to fields like construction.

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    History about Math in Babylonian and Egypt.

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    Ancient Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations made significant contributions to early mathematics. The Egyptians developed a base-10 numeral system represented with hieroglyphs and used fractions. They could perform basic arithmetic operations and knew concepts like area of triangles and circles. The Babylonians also used a place-value system, though base-60, and were the first to introduce the positional number system and approximate zero with a placeholder symbol. Both civilizations made advances in geometry and applied math to fields like construction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    263 views34 pages

    Babylonian-Egyptian Ancient Civilization

    Uploaded by

    Riza Mae Bayo
    Ancient Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations made significant contributions to early mathematics. The Egyptians developed a base-10 numeral system represented with hieroglyphs and used fractions. They could perform basic arithmetic operations and knew concepts like area of triangles and circles. The Babylonians also used a place-value system, though base-60, and were the first to introduce the positional number system and approximate zero with a placeholder symbol. Both civilizations made advances in geometry and applied math to fields like construction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 34

    ANCIENT CIVILIZATION

    ● EGYPTIAN
    ● BABYLONIAN

    Prepared by:
    CAÑAS, KIMVERLY R.
    BENTOY, CRISBELLE D.
    ABELLA, DONNA L.
    ARINGAY JOJIE ANN
    BATOON. KAYESHIA M.
    BATO, RIZA MAE
    EGYPTIAN
    MATHEMATICS

    INTRODUCTION
    NUMERICAL SYMBOLS

    THE EGYPTIAN ZERO


    SYMBOLIZE BEUATY,
    COMPLETE AND
    ABSTRACTION
    Ancient Egyptian texts could be written in
    either hieroglyphs or in hieratic. In either
    representation the number system was always given
    in base 10. The number 1 was depicted by a simple
    stroke, the number 2 was represented by two strokes,
    etc. The numbers 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 and
    1,000,000 had their own hieroglyphs. Number 10 is
    a hobble for cattle, number 100 is represented by a
    coiled rope, the number 1000 is represented by a
    lotus flower, the number 10,000 is represented by a
    finger, the number 100,000 is represented by a frog,
    and a million was represented by a god with his
    hands raised in adoration.
    EGYPTIAN FRACTION

    THE EYE OF
    HOURS
    EGYPTIAN ADDITION
    AND SUBTRACTION IN
    EGYPTIAN NUMERALS
    ADDITION
    SUBTRACTIO
    N
    EGYPTIAN
    MULTIPLICATION
    AND
    DIVISION
    EGYPTIAN
    MULTIPLICATION
    APPLYING THE DISTRIBUTION LAW
    a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)
    EXAMPLE
    23 X 13 = 23 X (1+4+8)
    = 23 + 92 +18
    = 299
    EGYPTIAN
    DIVISION
    23 X 13
    EGYPTIAN

    GEOMETR
    Y
    ●GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS APPEAR
    BOTH THE MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL
    PAPYRUS (MMP)
    AND RHING MATHEMATICAL PAPYRUS
    (RMP)

    ●Used many sacred geometric


    shapes
    like square, triangle and obelisks
    ARE
    AOBJECT FORMULA (using
    modern notation)
    TRIANGLE A = ½ bh
    RECTANGLE A = bh
    CIRCLE A = ¼ (265/81) d˄2
    VOLUM
    E
    CYLINDRICAL
    GRANARIES
    BABYLONIAN
    MATHEMATICS

    INTRODUCTION
    Babylonian mathematics (also known
    as Assyro-Babylonian mathematics) was any
    mathematics developed or practiced by the
    people of Mesopotamia, from the days of the
    early Sumerians to the centuries following the
    fall of Babylon in 539 BC.

    Sumerians develop the earliest known


    writing system PICTOGRAPHIC
    WRITING WRITTING KNOWN AS
    CUNEIFORM SCRIPT
    CUNEIFORM
    PICTOGRAPH Latin word “cuneus” which means
    a king of picture “wedge”
    writing
    Like the Egyptians, the Babylonians used
    to ones represent two and so on up to nine.

    However, they tended to arrange the


    symbols into neat piles. Once they got to
    ten, there were too many symbols, so they
    turned the stylus on its sideto make a
    different symbol

    That is a unary system


    BABYLONIAN
    NUMERALS
    ● The Babylonians were working their way
    to a positional system.

    ● The Babylonian system of mathematics


    had a very advanced number system even
    for today’s standards.

    ● It was a sexagesimal (base 60) numeral


    system rather than 10 (decimal)
    ● When they wrote “60” they would put a single
    wedge mark in the second place of numeral

    ● When they wrote “120” they would put a two wedge


    mark in the second place of numeral.
    POSITIONAL NUMBER SYTEM
    A positional number system is one where the number
    are arranged in columns. We use a positional system
    and our columns represents power of ten. So the
    right hand column is units, the next is tens, the next
    is hundreds and so on

    10˄2 = 100 10˄1 = 10 10˄0 = 1


    7 4 5
    (7 ● 100 ) + (4 ● 10) + 5 = 745
    POSITIONAL NUMBER SYSTEM
    The Babylonians used powers of sixty rather
    than ten. So the left-hand column were units,
    the second, multiples of 60, the third, multiples
    of 360, and so on.

    (2*60²) + (1*60) + (10 + 1) =


    7271
    LACK OF ZERO
    ●They had no symbol for zero to distinguish
    between 10 and 1
    ●The number 3601 is not too different
    from3660, and they are both written a two
    one.
    ●The slanting symbol is zero.
    x3600 x60 UNITS VALUE
    The Babylonians used a system of SEXAGESIMAL
    fractions similar to our decimal fractions

    For example:
    If we write 0.125 then this is
    1/10 + 2/100 + 5/1000 = 1/8

    Similarly in the Babylonian SEXAGEXIMAL


    fraction0;7;30
    7/60 + 30/3600 = 1/8
    SEXAGESIMAL POINT
    A semicolon used to represent
    the beginning and end of the integer
    of the fraction
    References
    https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/PEM2309/history-of-mathematic
    s-egyptian-and-babylonian
    https://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/egypt/node2.html
    https://www.storyofmathematics.com/egyptian.html

    Article:
    Babylonian Mathematics
    Egyptian Mathematics

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