Instructional Module: Republic of The Philippines Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
Instructional Module: Republic of The Philippines Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
Instructional Module: Republic of The Philippines Nueva Vizcaya State University Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world. The geometry of most
patterns in nature can be associated, either directly or indirectly, to mathematical numbers. The limit
and extent to which natural patterns adhere to mathematical series and numbers are amazing.
Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and phenomena in the world. It helps control nature
and occurrences in the world for the good of mankind. Because of its numerous applications,
mathematics becomes indispensible
The students should be able to: 1) Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world;
2)Articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s life; 3) Argue about the nature of mathematics,
what it is, how it is expressed, represented and used; and 4) Express appreciation of mathematics as a
human behavior.
V. LESSON CONTENT
Mathematics is the study of the relationships among numbers, quantities, and shapes. It
includes arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, geometry, statistics and calculus. Mathematics nurtures
human characteristics like power of creativity, reasoning, critical thinking, spatial thinking and others.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Patterns in nature are visible regularities found in the natural world. These patterns persist in
different context and can be modeled mathematically. Natural patterns may consists spirals,
symmetries, mosaic, stripes, spots, etc. the world seems to make several distinct patterns, developing
various complex steps of formation but a closer and deeper study reveals that these patterns have
many similarities and resemblances.
Plato, Pythagoras and Empedocles and other early Greek philosophers studied patterns and
explain order in nature which lead to the modern understanding of visible patterns.
In the 19th century, Belgian Physicist, Joseph Plateau examined soap films, leads him to
formulate the concept of a minimal surface.
German Biologist and Artist Ernst Haeckel painted hundreds of marine organisms to emphasize
their symmetry.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Scottish Biologists D’Arcy Thompson pioneered the study of growth patterns in both plants and
animals, showing that simple equations could explain spiral growth.
In the 20th century, British Mathematician Alan Turing predicted mechanisms of morphogenesis
which give rise to patterns of spots and stripes.
Hungarian Biologists Aristid Lindenmayer showed how the mathematics of fractals could create
plant growth patterns.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
French American Benoit Mandelbrot showed how the mathematics of fractals could create plant
growth patterns.
Fractal is a curve or geometric figure, each part of which has the same statistical character as
the whole. Fractals are useful in modeling structures (such as eroded coastlines or snowflakes) in
which similar patterns recur at progressively smaller scales, and in describing partly random or chaotic
phenomena such as crystal growth, fluid turbulence, and galaxy formation.
W. Gary Smith adopts eight patterns in his landscape work, namely; scattered, fractured,
mosaic, naturalistic drift, serpentine, spiral, radial and dendritic. These patterns occur in plants,
animals, rock formations, river flow, stars or in human creations. (Goral, 2017)
Spiral
In mathematics, a spiral is a curve which
emanates from a point, moving farther away as it
revolves around the point.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Scattered
A dispersed settlement, also known as
scattered settlement, is one of the main types of
settlement patterns used by landscape historians
to classify the rural settlements found in England
and other parts of the world.
Radial
Classic radial design is symmetrical, with
elements situated equally around the center.
Think of something like a clock face: there is a
central point where the clock hands meet, digits
encircling this central point, and an equal number
of digits on either side of the center. This same
type of radial design is used in visual art. Take the
stained glass rose window from the famous Notre
Dame Cathedral, for instance.
Radial designs are generated outward from
a center point creating a circular pattern or design.
Mosaic
A mosaic is a piece of art or image made
from the assembling of small pieces of colored
glass, stone, or other materials. It is often used in
decorative art or as interior decoration.
Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly
square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors,
known as tesserae.
Fractured
Fractured patterns arise abundantly in
natural and engineered systems, and their
geometries depend on material properties and on
the ways in which the material is deformed or
forces act on it. Two-dimensional fracture patterns
can be characterized by their network topology
(how fractures connect to each other) and their
heterogeneity (whether fractures appear clustered
or uniformly distributed in space).
Dendritic
Dendritic-having a branched form
resembling a tree.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Serpentine
Naturalistic Drift
Numbers are everywhere in nature. Mathematicians noticed that numbers appear in many
different patterns in nature: bird’s to wings, clovers’ three leaflets, deer’s four hooves, buttercup’s five
petals, insect’s six legs, rainbow’s seven colors, octopus’ eight arms and many others. As man of
science studied numbers, they also realized their significance in everyday life.
In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers, commonly denoted Fn, form a sequence, called
the Fibonacci sequence, such that each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0
and 1. That is, F0 = 0 , F1 = 1 and Fn = Fn – 1 + Fn – 2 for n > 1.
The beginning of the sequence is thus: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377…
Each number in th sequence is the sum of the two number which precede it. In some older books, the
value F0 = 0 is omitted, so that the sequence starts with F1 = F2 = 1 and the recurrence Fn = Fn – 1 + Fn
– 2 is valid for n > 2. The Fibonacci spiral: an approximation of the golden spiral created by
drawing circular arcs connecting the opposite corners of squares in the Fibonacci tiling;
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 6 of 20
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Fibonacci numbers are strongly related to the golden ratio: Binet's formula expresses the nth
Fibonacci number in terms of n and the golden ratio, and implies that the ratio of two consecutive
Fibonacci numbers tends to the golden ratio as n increases.
Fibonacci numbers are named after Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, later known
as Fibonacci. In his 1202 book Liber Abaci, Fibonacci introduced the sequence to Western European
mathematics, although the sequence had been described earlier in Indian mathematics, as early as
200 BC in work by Pingala on enumerating possible patterns of Sanskrit poetry formed from
syllables of two lengths.
Fibonacci numbers appear unexpectedly often in mathematics, so much so that there is an
entire journal dedicated to their study, the Fibonacci Quarterly. Applications of Fibonacci numbers
include computer algorithms such as the Fibonacci search technique and the Fibonacci heap data
structure, and graphs called Fibonacci cubes used for interconnecting parallel and distributed
systems.
They also appear in biological settings, such as branching in trees, the arrangement of leaves
on a stem, the fruit sprouts of a pineapple, the flowering of an artichoke, an uncurling fern, and the
arrangement of a pine cone's bracts.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
The ratio of any two successive Fibonacci Numbers is very close to the Golden Ratio, referred
to and represented as phi () which is approximately equal to 1.618034… The bigger the pair of
Fibonacci Numbers is considered, the closer is the approximation.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Mathematics has everyday applications. It is a universal language in different places, in different times,
in different settings and different circumstances. The physical world seems to consist of countable things
and any infinity encountered is a result of extending a counting process. But of course, mathematics is
not just counting. When one buys a product, follow a recipe, or decorate his room, he uses math
principles. People employ these principles for thousands of years, across countries and continents.
Farming and gardening also provide rich mathematical opportunities. Within the broad concepts
of farming, there are two very important elements: time and money. At the root of both these is
mathematics. Mathematics has enable farming to be more economically efficient and has increase
productivity. Farmers use mathematics as a system of organization to effectively utilize their time and
manage their money. Farmers use numbers everyday for a variety of tasks, from measuring and
weighing, to land marking. The math use in farming is sometimes unnoticed. The calculations and
formulas require mathematical knowledge and farmers use their knowledge and farmers use their
problem solving and money management abilities daily. Basic geometry, proportions, multiplication and
measurement skills are used every day by farmers. Advancement in farming means faster machinery
and less time. Technology has allowed farmers to increase the size of their operation without increasing
manpower. Today, new developments and invention are even more considerable. Small family farms
are becoming larger, with fewer people. And, as technology increases, so does a farmer’s use for
mathematics.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Planning a market list and grocery shopping requires math knowledge, starting from the
fundamental operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to estimation and
percentages: calculating price per unit, figuring percentage discounts, comparing unit and bulk price of
items, estimating total price, etc. Today’s trends like using credit card to pay, or atm debit or electronic
banking are all applications of mathematics.
Anywhere in the house, there is mathematics; e.g. symmetric arrangement of furniture, wall
decorations and frames, wine bottles in the bar, plant plots in the inner garden and even restroom
fixtures. Working in the kitchen requires mathematical knowledge: measuring ingredients, calculating
cooking time, making ratios and proportions in baking, etc.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Long and short travels involves math in various ways: fuel required based on distance, total
expenses for toll fees, tire pressure check, time allowance for the trip, short-cut routes alternatives, road
map reading, speed limits and others.
A contractor or construction worker, knows that building anything and creating something
requires a broad range of mathematics. Making accurate measurements of lengths, with, and angles;
projecting detailed material estimate, getting the best value of available resources, etc. are obvious
applications of mathematics.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Time is everybody’s most valuable asset. Without good planning of time, the day can slip idly and
tasks and duties accrue. In a swift changing world, creating and following schedule prove beneficial, but
it takes more mathematical skills than simply using a clock and calendar to manage time well and be on
top of others.
Though some of more abstract mathematical concepts seldom come into play, the essential
skills developed in basic math lessons resonate throughout a student’s lifetime and often resurface to
help solve various problems in real life situations in the workplace and in the world.
Generalization
1. Manny patterns and occurrence exist in nature, in our world and in our life. Mathematics help make
sense of the patterns ad occurrence.
2. Mathematics is a tool to quantify, organized and control the world, predict phenomena and make life
easier for us.
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1: Learning through Viewing!
Instructions: Read the articles and watch the video clips below. Then, complete the statements that
follow.
Nature’s Numbers by Ian Stewart
Other than this, you need to watch the following video clips
Nature by Numbers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkGeOWYOFoA
One episode of the American television series Numbers
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm0UJByEQHfKVnNFMXg9R1Q
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
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“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included
in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
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VII. ASSIGNMENT
Term
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 …
( )
Term
number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 …
(n)
1. How will you determine the approximate value of the golden ratio by using the Fibonacci numbers?
And give its approximate value by rounding off to the nearest ten thousandths.
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“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included
in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
2. What are the next nine terms of the given Fibonacci sequence? Explain your solution in two to three
sentences or provide a diagram/illustration on a separate sheet of paper to support your answer.
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DIRECT INSTRUCTION
A pattern may have a list of numbers in which a constant number is added to get the
succeeding terms. For other sequences, the terms are increasing because the number to be added is
increasing in a predictable way. There are number patterns whose terms are decreasing, because the
number to be added in decreasing in an expected way.
Instruction: Observe the following examples below and answer the following activities as directed.
ASSIGNMENT 2: Identification!
Instruction: Describe the pattern of each sequence. 1 point each
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in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
Instruction B: Get the ratio of the following and round off your answer to the nearest ten thousandths.
1. B ÷ C = __________
What can you say about the ratios from numbers 1 to 5? And your
2. B ÷ A = __________ conclusion on how evident golden ratio on the human body.
3. D ÷ E = __________ _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. G ÷ F = __________ _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________.
5. H ÷ G = __________
“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included
in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
ASSIGNMENT 4: Exploring Math Around Us!
Instruction: Follow the performance task given, this can be done individually, just make sure you follow
the note below.
Note: Due to the existing community quarantine, students are advised through virtual communication
and online cooperative learning only, NO student is allowed to go to his/her classmate in finishing the
task physically.
For one day, you will be an investigator, if possible find your partner (agent) that could help
you throughout the investigation. Discover and determine the relevance of numbers and patterns
and how evident the golden ratio in your area, you can use your family members as part of your
investigation. You need to prove that inside your respective house/s numbers are truly existing in
nature and very evident. To prove your claims, you need to create a video for your evidence/s. For
reliability and validity, it should have an accurate information and proper documentation. You have
the freedom to create your own format depending on the availability of resources; wide imagination
and creativity are highly encouraged.
VIII. EVALUATION
Let’s find out how much you already know about this module. Circle the letter that you think
answers the question correctly. Please answer all items. Take note of the items that you were not able to
correctly answer and look for the right answer as you go through this module. If necessary, use a
separate sheet for your solution.
“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included
in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
8. Fractal geometry has applications in:
A. Learning styles
B. Imitating nature
C. Finding fleas on a dog
D. Voting method
9. One side of a golden rectangle is approximately 6cm. Which of the following is NOT a possible
measure for the adjacent side?
A. 4 cm C. 10 cm
B. 5 cm D. 11 cm
10. What is the perimeter of the snowflake island?
A. 14 miles C. 14 hectares
B. 1.62 meters D. infinite
11. What is the 16th term of the Fibonacci sequence?
A. 377 C. 987
B. 610 D. 1,597
12. What is the 40th term of the Fibonacci sequence?
A. 102,334,155 C. 234,567,890
B. 123,456,789 D. 630,245,986
13. What is the next term of the sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49,___?
A. 56 C. 81
B. 64 D. 100
14. What is the missing number in the sequence -10, -6, -2, _____, 6, 10?
A. 2 C. 6
B. 4 D. 8
15. Describe the nature of the number pattern 88, 77, 55, 22….
A. Growing C. Shrinking
B. Repeating D. Growing and repeating
For numbers 16 – 20. Shade the box if the statement is TRUE or FALSE, and write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided before each number when the statement is FALSE.
T F
16. It provides the opportunity to solve both simple and complex problems in many real-
world contexts using a variety of strategies.
A. Mathematics B. Science C. Logic D. Statistics
“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included
in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEMATH-1STSEM-2020-2021
IX. REFERENCES
Readings
Aufmann, Richard. et.al. (2018) Mathematical in the modern world (Philippine ed.). RBSI, 856
Nicanor Reyes Sr. St. Sampaloc Manila
Barton, B. (2008). The Language of Mathematics: Telling Mathematical Tales. New York, NY:
Springer.
Earnhart, Richard T. & Adlina, Edgar M. (2018) Mathematics in the modern world. Quezon City: C &
E Publishing, Inc.
Manululu, Esmeralda et.al. (2020), A course model for Mathematics in the Modern World, RBSI, 856
Nicanor Reyes Sr. St. Sampaloc Manila
Nocon, Rizaldi C. & Nocon, Ederlinda G. (2018). Essential Mathematics for Modern World. Quezon
City: C & E publishing House Inc.
Video clips
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkGeOWYOFoA
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm0UJByEQHfKVnNFMXg9R1Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk6QU94xAb8
“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included
in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.