Asfand nbp2
Asfand nbp2
Submitted by
Asfand Yar Bakht
Roll# F-15/B-13
Supervised by
Ikram-Ul-Haq
i
2015-2019
INTERNSHIP REPORT ON
Submitted by
Asfand Yar Bakht
Roll# F-15/B-13
Supervised by
Ikram-Ul-Haq
This internship report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelors of Business
Administration awarded by the Hazara University
ii
SESSION
2015-2019
iii
Government College of Management Sciences
Mansehra
APPROVAL SHEET
Approval Committee
1. External Examiner
Mr. Signature______________________
2. Supervisor
Ikram-Ul-Haq Signature______________________
3. Head of department
Prof. Signature_____________________
Designation Principal GCMS Mansehra
iv
DEDICATION
Dedicated to
&
v
ABSTRACT
The methodology for data collection that was available resources by the organization, like
website, annual reports, books, articles publicly available data, etc. also, interviews with
some employees and observation methods were used. In the first chapter introduction to the
report, background of study, scope of the study, merits, limitation, and scheme of the study
are given. The report covers the history of NBP bank, introduction of NBP, its background,
role and functions, its core values, and miscellaneous topics related to Finance department of
NBP Bank
Ultimately whole argument comes down to this: the bank is functioning in a proper &
systematic manner, but need more competitive strategies, long term debts, & outside
creditors, creditors should provide the funds to meet the SBP policies to have the maximum
branches.
In this report, I also included the financial analysis that helps to know that where the NBP is
strong and where it needs improvements. NBP offers new products and services day by day
for improving its performance, but there are many hurdles in the way of success of NBP, all
the recommendations are given in the report and there solutions as well as that can be helpful
in the success of NBP in future.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................v
Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................................x
List of abbreviations.......................................................................................................................xi
Executive summary.......................................................................................................................xii
Chapter 1........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction of Study......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of Study.................................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives of study...................................................................................................................1
1.3 Scope of Study..........................................................................................................................2
1.4 Limitations of the work.............................................................................................................2
1.5 Benefits of the Study................................................................................................................2
1.6 Research methodology.............................................................................................................2
1.6.1 The major sources for Primary data includes.................................................................3
Chapter 2........................................................................................................................................4
Introduction to organization (NBP).................................................................................................4
2.1 They aim to be an organization that is founded on…................................................................5
2.1.1 They aim to be People who............................................................................................5
3.4.4Debt Ratio.....................................................................................................................51
Chapter 4......................................................................................................................................58
Conclusion and recommendations...............................................................................................58
4.1 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................58
4.2 Recommendations..................................................................................................................58
4.3 Future prospects of National Bank of Pakistan.......................................................................61
References....................................................................................................................................64
viii
ix
LIST OF TABLES
x
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With the name of ALLAH the Most Beneficial and Merciful. I completed my internship in
National Bank of Pakistan City Branch Mansehra. I am really pleased to have a professional
learning experience in one of leading organizations of country. In these 8 weeks I worked in
different departments and I am truly thankful to all officers and staff who entirely give
assistance to me. I am also grateful to my honorable supervisor Ikram-Ul-Haq and all other
teachers who motivated me to work hard and taught me techniques to learn work. The
account of acknowledgement will remain incomplete if I do not express my sincere
appreciation, indebtedness and gratitude to my parents and siblings. They have always been a
source of encouragement for me.
And last but not the least I would like to express my gratitude to all the staff of NBP City
Branch Mansehra.
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SS Specimen signature
VP Vice president
xii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This internship report is related to national bank of Pakistan, being a government bank it is
operating in almost every part of the country that is why it is the largest bank of Pakistan.
Furthermore, NBP has its network outside national boundaries of Pakistan. To know about
the functions and procedure of any organization it is very important to work there for
minimum six months than you may able to understand this thing. The intense competition,
among banks, the privatization of the financial institution and financial liberalization in
general are gradually and continuously making the banking sector effective and efficient.
The basic purpose of this report is to describe and define different functions and products of
the bank, to identify weak areas of the bank, to analyze the performance of the management
and to make a financial analysis of it and suggest recommendations. It is also our degree
requirement to do an internship in any company so the basic purpose of this report is to fulfill
the Master degree requirement
The report actually gives the following information, which I have divided in different
chapters. First chapter is about introduction to the report, background of study, scope of the
study, merits, limitations, and scheme of the study. The second chapter is related to history of
banking, banking in Pakistan, introduction to the organization, its historical background, role,
and functions of organization, its core values, and collection of topics related to banking.
Third chapter covers the organizational structure of NBP, different departments working at
NBP and different financial products of NBP. The fourth chapter of this report is related to
the analysis and the findings, which have been observed. It includes the financial analysis;
Analysis no doubt acts as a mirror for the management. In addition, management should
develop plans to avail any opportunities which is been created by the environment because it
is very important in this competitive world. At the end of this report there is
recommendations based on the analysis.
xiii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION OF STUDY
1
To analyses the financial and operational performance of NBP.
To study the organizational management structure.
To make possible recommendation in the light of analyses.
2
time and two months are in no way sufficient to do so. Different tools and
techniques were used to gather relevant information for writing the report.
Secondly, journals from regional head quarter and staff college was also
reviewed which gave very useful information about the functioning of the
bank.
3
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION (NBP)
4
2.1 They aim to be an organization that is founded on…
Growth through creation of sustainable relationships with our
customers.
Prudence to guide our business conduct.
A national presence with a history of contribution to our
communities.
They shall work to…
Meet expectations through Market-based solutions and products.
Reward entrepreneurial efforts.
Create value for all stakeholders.
5
development of Pakistan as the Habib Bank was also new in the new
country it was asked to open more branches at new place this was a
difficult time foe H.B.L to open their branches in different places.
In view of the above mentioned circumstances and in order to
rehabilitee the banking in Pakistan without further delay, on the
recommendations of an committee it was decided to establish as early as
possible a central bank to control the banning and currency in Pakistan.
Accordingly state bank of Pakistan was Pakistan was inaugurated by
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah on 1st July 1948. This bank lost on
time in meeting the national requirements of banking, currency and took
following remedial measures. Requested Government of state a new bank
of nation wide services accordingly National Bank of Pakistan was formed
in 1949 which opened many branches and in 1952 took over the emperor
Bank of India.
The bank schedule commercial bank and its principally engaged in the
business of banking as defined in the banking company's ordinance 1962.
National Bank of Pakistan was basically established for reducing the
difficulties of east Pakistan farmers engaged in jute and patens” after mass
migration of community from east and west Pakistan in India. The bank
commenced its operation in November 20.1949 at six centers of jute in the
then East Pakistan. Lahore and Karachi officers were opened subsequently
in December 1949. Before restructuring in 2002, national Bank of Pakistan
with its head office at Karachi operates through 9 regional headquarters at
Lahore, Karachi Hyderabad, Quetta, Peshawar, Multan, Muzaferabad,
Fasilabad and Islamabad.
The bank was incorporated with authorized capital of 60 millions .in 960
this amount was redacted to the 30 millions banks issued 15 millions of
which 25% was subscribed by the government and the balance was offered
to the general public .shears to the public where issued in 1950 and where
quickly taken up. In 190 banks ordinance was amended so that it take
ordinarily commercial banking business. On janvery-01-1974 national bank
along with thirteen others commotional banks where nationalized under the
6
promulgation of “nationalization” act 1974 and the shears not held by the
government where required after compensation them.
2.2 History of NBP
The history of National Bank of Pakistan is part of Pakistan’s struggle for
economic independence. National Bank of Pakistan was established on
November 9, 1949 under the National Bank of Pakistan Ordinance, 1949 in
order to cope with the crisis conditions which were developed after trade
deadlock with India and devaluation of Indian Rupee in 1949. Initially the
Bank was established with the objective to extend credit to the agriculture
sector. The normal procedure of establishing a banking company under the
Companies Law was set aside and the Bank was established through the
promulgation of an Ordinance, due to the crisis situation that had developed
with regard to financing of jute trade. The Bank commenced its operations
from November 20, 1949 at six important jute centers in the then, East
Pakistan and directed its resources in financing of jute crop. The Bank’s
Karachi and Lahore offices were subsequently opened in December 1949.
The National Bank of Pakistan came forward to establish its offices in the
Cotton growing areas and extended credit facilities liberally in order to
restore stability to the market. In 1951, the country was once again faced
with a crisis in the cotton trade when prices was crashed and touched the
lowest level since independence following the cessation of hostilities in
Korea. The bank in collaboration with the cotton board provided the
necessary Credit facilities to the trade and the crisis was tided over. The
nature of responsibilities of the Bank is different and unique from other
banks/financial institutions. The Bank acts as the agent to the State Bank of
Pakistan for handling Provincial/Federal Government Receipts and
Payments on their behalf. The Bank has also played an important role in
financing the country’s growing trade, which has expanded through the
years as diversification took place.i
7
National Investment Trust (NIT) including safe custody of securities on
behalf of NIT. The National Bank of Pakistan has assets worth Rupees
737976.44 million on September 30, 2008.ii
The National Bank of Pakistan has implemented special credit schemes like
small finance for agriculture, business and industries, administrator to
Qarz-e-Hasna loans to students, self employment scheme for unemployed
persons, public transport scheme. The Bank has expanded its range of
products and services to include Shariah Compliant Islamic Banking
products. For the promotion of literature, NBP recently initiated the Annual
Awards for Excellence in Literature. NBP will confer annual awards to the
best books in Urdu and in all prominent regional languages published
during the defined period. Patronage from NBP would help creative work
in the field of literature. The Bank is also the largest sponsor of sports in
Pakistan. It has provided generously to philanthropic causes whenever the
need arose.
8
internal control systems with special emphasis on corporate governance,
adoption of Capital Adequacy Standards under Basel II framework, in the
up gradation of the IT infrastructure and developing the human resources.
9
the objective to separate the office and the bank offices .to improve the
good governance and enhance the internal control.
Operation group
corporate and investment banking group
special assets management group
National Bank of Pakistan is known as the premier commercial institution
of Pakistan provide the large diversified customer base of 9.009 millions,
which is the biggest figure, in the country and conduct the business
function of state bank of Pakistan in addition to provision of other financial
and allied services such as deposit banking financing and credit remittance
facilities collection government receipts and payments.
National Bank of Pakistan is today a progressive, efficient, and customer
focused institution. It has developed a wide range of consumer products, to
enhance business and cater to the different segments of society. Some
schemes have been specifically designed for the low to middle income
segments of the population. These include NBP Karobar, NBP Advance
Salary, NBP Saibaan, NBP Kisan Dost, and NBP Cash n Gold.
The National Bank of Pakistan has implemented special credit schemes like
small finance for agriculture, business and industries, administrator to
Qarz-e-Hasna loans to students, self employment scheme for unemployed
persons, public transport scheme. The Bank has expanded its range of
products and services to include Shariah Compliant Islamic Banking
products. For the promotion of literature, NBP recently initiated the Annual
Awards for Excellence in Literature. NBP will confer annual awards to the
best books in Urdu and in all prominent regional languages published
during the defined period. Patronage from NBP would help creative work
in the field of literature. The Bank is also the largest sponsor of sports in
Pakistan. It has provided generously to philanthropic causes whenever the
need arose.
10
an agreement with Western Union for expanding the base for documented
remittances. More recently it has started Electronic Home Remittances
Project. This project introduces technology based system to handle inward
remittances efficiently, by ensuring that the Bank's branches keep a track of
the remittance received from abroad till its final receipt.
11
The Bank in 1950 had one subsidiary ‘The Bank of Bahawalpur’ on
December4, 1947 by the former Bahawalpur State
1955 By this time NBP had branches in London and Calcutta.
1957 NBP established a branch in Baghdad, Iraq.
1962 NBP established a branch in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika.
1964 The Iraqi government nationalized NBP's Baghdad branch.
1965 The Indian government seized the Calcutta branch on the
outbreak of hostilities between India and Pakistan.
1967 The Tanzanian government nationalized the Dar-Es-Salaam
branch.
1971 NBP acquired Bank of China's two branches, one in Karachi
and one at Chittagong. At separation of East Pakistan NBP lost its
branches there. NBP merged with Eastern Mercantile Bank and
with Eastern Bank Corporation.
1974 The government of Pakistan nationalized NBP. As part of the
concomitant consolidation of the banking sector, NBP acquired
Bank of Bahawalpur (est. 1947).
1977 NBP opened an offshore brain Cairo.
1994 NBP amalgamated Mehran Bank (est. 1991).
1997 NBP's branch in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan commenced
operations.
2000 NBP opened a representative office in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
2001 State Bank of Pakistan and Bank of England agree to allow
only 2 Pakistani banks to operate in the UK. NBP and United Bank
agreed to merge their operations to form Pakistan International
Bank, of which NBP would own 45% and United Bank 55%.
2003 NBP received permission to open a branch in Afghanistan.
2005 NBP closed its offshore branch in Cairo.
Source: www.nbp.gov.pk/about
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2.3 Nature of National Bank of Pakistan
National Bank of Pakistan was incorporated in Pakistan under the National
Bank of Pakistan Ordinance, 1949 and is listed on all the stock exchanges
in Pakistan. The bank is engaged in providing commercial banking and
related services in Pakistan and overseas. The bank operates 1,249
(2007:1,232) branches in Pakistan and 22 (2007:18) overseas branches
(including the Export Processing Zone branch, Karachi). Under a Trust
Deed, the bank also provides services as trustee to National investment
Trust (NIT) including safe custody of securities on behalf of NIT.iv
The nature of responsibilities of the Bank is different and unique from other
banks/financial institutions. The bank also handles treasury transactions for
the Government of Pakistan as an agent to the State Bank of Pakistan for
handling provincial/Federal Government receipts and payments on their
behalf. The National Bank of Pakistan has also played an important role in
financing the country’s growing trade, which has expanded through the
years as diversification took place. The bank is providing all banking
services of mercantile and commercial banking permissible in the country,
which include:
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Carrying on agency business for any description other than
managing agent, on behalf of clients including Government and
local authorities.
Generating, undertaking, promoting, etc. of issue of shares and,
bonds etc.
Transacting guarantee and indemnity business.
Undertaking and executing trusts.
Joint venturing with foreign dealers, agents and companies for its
representation abroad.
Participating in “World Bank” and “Asian Development Bank’s”
lines of credit.
Providing personalized Hajj services to intending Hajjis.
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Mr. A. Akbar Sharifzada
Director
Nausherwan Adil
SEVP & Group Chief Operations Group/Corporate Communication
Division
Mudassir H. Khan
SEVP & Group Chief, Commercial & Retail Banking Group
Nusrat Vohra
SEVP & Group Chief, Treasury Management Group
Tariq Jamali
SEVP & Group Chief, Logistics Support, Security & Engineering
Group
Asif Hassan
SEVP & Group Chief, Audit & Inspection Group
Wajahat A. Baqai
SEVP & Group Chief, Credit Management Group
Aamir Sattar
15
SEVP & CFO, Financial Control Division
Sultana Naheed
SEVP & Group Chief, Risk Management Group
Mahmood Siddique
EVP, Divisional Head & CIO, IT Division
Shaharyar Qaiserani
EVP & Divisional Head, Agriculture & Business Development
Division
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2.4.1 Senior Management for Overseas Operation
Zubair Ahmed
SEVP & Regional Chief Executive, Middle East, Africa & South
Asia Region
M. Rafiq Bengali
SEVP & Regional Chief Executive, Americas Region
Khawar Saeed
Source: www.nbp.gov.pk/BOD
2.5.1 Mission
NBP will aspire to the values that make NBP truly the Nation's Bank by:
Institutionalizing a merit and performance culture.
Creating a distinctive brand identity by providing the highest standards
of services.
Adopting the best international management practices.
Maximizing stake holder’s value.
17
performance, achieving acknowledgment in the market in terms of
quality and performance.
National Bank of Pakistan also aims at providing assistance to
farmers, so that they can utilize their funds effectively to get the
best result.
By charging interest on loans provided to the private sector and
business community.
Permanent 13237
Temporary/ On Contractual basis 842
Bank's own staff strength at the end of the year 14079
Outsourced 2350
Total Staff Strength 16429
An employee may be defined as: "A person in the service of another under
any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, where the employer
has the power or right to control and direct the employee in the material
details of how the work is to be performed." vAn employee contributes
labor and expertise to an endeavor. Employees perform the discrete activity
of economic production. Of the three factors of production, employees
usually provide the labour. Specifically, an employee is any person hired by
an employer to do a specific "job". In most modern economies, the term
employee refers to a specific defined relationship between an individual
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and a corporation, which differs from those of customer, or client. The
relationship between National Bank of Pakistan and its employees is
usually handled through the Human Resource Management &
Administration Group & Employees benefit disbursement & trustee
division. These groups handle the incorporation of new hires, and the
disbursement of any benefits which the employee may be entitled, or any
grievances that employee may have.
Permanent
Temporary / On Contractual
Outsourced
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commonly known as product lining. A product line is defined as “A group
of products that are closely related because they function in a similar
manner, are sold to the same customer groups, are marketed through same
types of outlets, or fall within the given price ranges”. vii The followings are
the main consumer banking products of NBP.
Deposits
The National Bank of Pakistan offers to their clients a variety of Deposit
Schemes with personalized services at competitive rates of interest. Any
Pakistani citizen can open his/her account for any deposit scheme at any of
its Branches strategically located throughout Pakistan. The Bank with its
huge network of 1243 branches garners savings from both the rich and the
poor in urban as well as rural areas. Even a poor farmer in a remote village,
with his meager annual income, feels secure to safe keep his minuscule
savings in National Bank of Pakistan, Because National Bank of Pakistan
has a long heritage of trust and professional commitment.
a) Current Deposits
These are payable to the customer when ever they are demanded. When a
banker accepts a demand deposit, he incurs the obligation of paying all
cheques etc, drawn against him to the extent of the balance in the account.
Because of their nature, these deposits are treated as current liabilities by
the banks. Bankers in Pakistan do not allow nay profit on these deposits,
and customers are required to maintain a minimum balance, failing which
incidental charges are deducted from such accounts. This is because
Current Deposits may be withdrawn by the depositors at any time, and as
such the bank is not entirely free to employ such deposits. viii Current
Accounts/ Basic Banking accounts are opened, on proper introduction and
submission of required documents along with initial deposit prescribed
from time to time. Basic banking accounts are opened for an individuals
(single or joint) only whereas current accounts are opened for individuals
(single or joint) Charitable institution, provident and other funds of
benevolent nature of local bodies, autonomous corporations, companies,
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associations, educational institutions, firms etc. and in all other cases where
the accounts are to opened under the order of a competent court of law. No
profit is paid on the balances of current/basic banking accounts. The bank is
authorized to deduct service charges (incidental charges) on current
accounts levied through its half yearly schedule of charges, in case the
average balance falls below the minimum balance as prescribed by the
bank. No balance maintenance condition is applied on basic banking
account.
The silent features of profit and loss sharing and saving accounts of NBP
are as fallows
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3. To share in the profit a minimum balance of Rs.500/- must be
maintained in the account. The minimum balance on sixth and last
of month will qualify for the profits. The profits will be calculated
on the basis of monthly minimum balance for the periods of six
months i.e. from January to June and July to December
4. The head office of NBP determines the profit or loss on PLS saving
deposits and advice its branches the rate and time of distribution of
these profits.
5. There shall be no restrictions on maintaining the maximum balance
in PLS saving account.
6. On the first day of Ramzan each year the Zakat at the rate of 2.5%
will be deducted from these deposits on the balance of that day. But
if depositors affix an affidavit of Zakat deduction along with
account opening form or he is a non-Muslim, no Zakat will be
deducted from his account.
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1. The PLS term deposit are opened for individuals in their own single
or joint names, companies firms and other organizations.
2. The PLS term deposit receipt are issued for any amount. There is
minimum or maximum limit or deposits in a single term deposit
account.
3. PLS term depositors may be allowed some facilities against the
security of these receipt credits, after making “Lien” on the relevant
receipt and subject to recovery of service charges.
4. Under term deposit scheme the depositors not cease to earn the
profit immediately, after the respective maturity date.
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free demand draft, pay order; free cheque book and NBP cash card
(ATM+Debit). The Financing facility is available up to 90% of the deposit
value.xii Profit paid every period as follows:
Period Profit
Rates
1st year 7.50%
2nd years 8.50%
3rd years 9.50%
4th years 10.50%
5th years 11%
f) NBP Premium Saver
NBP Premium saver is a retail product of the bank. The minimum saving
balance of Rs. 20,001 and a maximum balance of Rs. 300,000 are required
for opening a premium saver account. Two debit withdrawals allowed in a
month and no limit on number of deposit transactions. The profit is
calculated monthly and Paid on half yearly basis. Free NBP Cash Card
(ATM + Debit) facility is available to account holder.xiii
From Rs50/- million but less than Rs 500/-million, the rate is 1.5%.
24
From Rs 500/- million but below Rs 1000/- the rate is 1.6%.
Salient Features
Advances
National Bank of Pakistan plays a pivotal role in translating the
government's development plans in terms of growth in industrial,
commercial and agricultural sectors in Pakistan. Accordingly the Bank has
formulated its Credit Policy under the guidelines of SBP-the Central Bank
of Pakistan.
a) NBP Saibaan
The NBP Saibaan is retail product of the bank. It has different product
items which are home purchase, home construction, home renovation and
purchase of land plus construction. If anyone has a Home Finance Facility
outstanding with another bank he can have it transferred to NBP through a
hassle-free process. xiv A brief description of these products is as fallows
25
Construction (maximum)
Home Rs. 15 Million 3 to 15 years 80:20
Renovation (maximum)
Purchase of land Plus Rs.35 Million 3 to 20 years 80:20
Construction (maximum)
26
Period
Advance in Up to 20 net take home salaries
terms of # of net
take home
salaries
Markup Rate 15 %
(Based on diminishing balance method)
Processing Fee 1% of Loan Amount
Verification Rs 500/-
Charges
Life Insurance No Insurance of any kind.
Documentation at actual
Charges
Contact Your Salary disbursing NBP Branch.
Remaining At the time of approval and disbursement the
Service Age applicant’s remaining service age should be 6
months after maturity of the loan
Debt Burden 50%
Minimum net no minimum take home requirement
take home salary
27
c) NBP Cash & Gold
With NBP’s Cash & Gold, the customers meet their need for ready cash
against their idle gold jewelry. The rate of mark up is 13% p.a. This product
has following featuresxvi
28
Pakistan, falling within an age group of 18-40 years having a minimum
qualification of Matriculation (except for females in the PCO/Tele-center
product). The eligible borrowers will be required to make a down payment
of 15%. Asset and Life & Disability insurances will be mandatory under
this scheme. The 15% down payment will include 1st year’s asset insurance
premium. However, the cost of life and disability insurance will be borne
by GOP. The mark-up rate for the 1st year will be 12% and for the
subsequent years it will be 1 year KIBOR + 2%. Fifty percent (50%) of this
rate will be paid by the customer i.e. 6% and the balance of 6% will be
borne by GOP. Additionally, first 10% of the losses under the scheme will
be taken-up by GOP. Initially, under the President’s Rozgar scheme, NBP
will offer following products:
29
applicable on payment of security deposit / advance rent under franchise
from the USC. However, stocks will be purchased by the customer.
30
e) NBP Karobar Tele-center
This product is specially designed to finance setting-up a Tele-center. NBP
will be providing financing for the purchase of Mobile/Wireless Telephone
Set with connection, Computer, Printer and Fax machine cum Photocopier
etc. to establish tele-center on a rented shop or owned premises. The
average amount of financing under this product will be Rs.50, 000/- for a
maximum period of two years with a grace period of three months.
Corporate Advances
a) Cash Finance
This is a very common form of borrowing by commercial and industrial
concerns and is made available either against pledge or hypothecation of
goods, produce or merchandise. In cash finance, a borrower is allowed to
borrow money from the banker up to a certain limit, either at once or as and
when required. The borrower prefers this form of lending due to the facility
of paying markup/services charges only on the amount he actually utilizes.
If the borrower does not utilize the full limit, the banker has to lose return
on the un-utilized amount. In order to offset this loss, the banker may
provide for a suitable clause in the cash finance agreement, according to
which the borrower has to pay markup/service charges on at least on self or
one quarter of the amount of cash finance limit allowed to him even when
he does not utilize that amount.
31
balance outstanding against him. The main difference between a cash
finance and overdraft lies in the fact that cash finance is a bank finance
used for long term by commercial and industrial concern on regular basis,
while an overdraft is a temporary accommodation occasionally resorted to.
c) Demand Finance
When a customer borrows from a banker a fixed amount repayable either in
periodic installments or in lump sum at a fixed future time, it is called a
“loan”. When bankers allow loans to their customers against collateral
securities they are called “secured loans” and when no collateral security is
taken they are called “clean loans”.
The amount of loan is placed at the borrower’s disposal in lump sum for the
period agreed upon, and the borrowing customer has to pay interest on the
entire amount. Thus the borrower gets a fixed amount of money for his use,
while the banker feels satisfied in lending money in fixed amounts for
definite short periods against a satisfactory security.
Remittances
a) Demand Drafts
Drafts drawn by one branch on another branch or on the Head Office of
same bank or vice versa, are not cheques or bills, as these have no distinct
drawer and drawee. Section 85-A reads:
“ Where any draft, that is, an order to pay money, drawn by one office of
bank upon another office of the same bank for a sum of money payable to
order on demand, purports to be issued by or on behalf of the payee, the
bank is discharged by payment in due course”.
32
it. As far as possible the banker’s draft should be crossed and it should
never be drawn payable to bearer.
b) Travelers Cheques
They are generally issued for the convenience of person travelling abroad,
but some Pakistani banks issue them in Pakistan currency also for use
within the country as well. Before issuing, the bankers receive an amount
equal to the face value of the cheques, and also charge a small commission.
The travelers’ cheques are for fixed amount and are treated as Order
cheques payable only to the purchaser whose specimen signature appears
on each traveler’s cheque itself. Foreign currency travelers cheques are
issued and encashed in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange
Control Regulation Act, 1947. While making payment, the paying banker
must insist that the holder signs in his presence.xix
The National Bank of Pakistan provides their services for traveler’s cheque
at very reasonable and competitive rates. It has following features
33
instrument
Validity There is no restriction on the period of validity
Availability At 700 branches of NBP all over the country
Encashment At all 400 branches of NBP
Limitation No limit on purchase
Safety NBP Traveler’s Cheques are the safest way to carry our money
c) Letter Of Credit
Letters of credit are very useful instruments in facilitating commercial
relations between businessmen at various places. Letter of credit state the
limit of the credit and the time during which it is held at the disposal of the
grantee, but they are neither negotiable nor transferable. Letter of credit
may be revocable. There are many kinds of letter of credit such as
Revolving credit, Back to Back credit, Claused credit etc. xx NBP is
committed to offering its business customers the widest range of options in
the area of money transfer. If you are a commercial enterprise then our
Letter of Credit service is just what you are looking for. With competitive
rates, security, and ease of transaction, NBP Letters of Credit are the best
way to do your business transactions.
d) Foreign Remittances
To facilitate its customers in the area of Home Remittances, National Bank
of Pakistan has taken a number of measures to:
34
besides United National Bank (the joint venture between NBP and
UBL in UK)., and Bank Al-Jazira, Saudi Arabia.
Zero Tariffs: NBP is providing home remittance services without
any charges.
Strict monitoring of the system is done to ensure the highest
possible security.
Special courier services are hired for expeditious delivery of home
remittances to the beneficiaries.
e) Swift System
The SWIFT system (Society for Worldwide Inter bank Financial
Telecommunication) has been introduced for speedy services in the area of
home remittances. The system has built-in features of computerized test
keys, which eliminates the manual application of tests that often cause
delay in the payment of home remittances. The SWIFT Center is
operational at National Bank of Pakistan with a universal access number
NBP-PKKA. All NBP overseas branches and overseas correspondents
(over 450) are drawing remittances through SWIFT. Using the NBP
network of branches, we can safely and speedily transfer money for our
business and personal needs.
f) Mail Transfer
A Mail Transfer is a form of remittance in which the amount remitted by a
customer or a non-customer is directly credited to the account of the
beneficiary with another branch. Move your money safely and quickly
using NBP Mail Transfer service. And NBP also offer the most competitive
rates in the market. They charges Rs 50/- exchange rate and RS 75/-
postage charges on issuing mail transfer. When the money is not required
immediately, the remittances can also be made by mail transfer (MT). Here
the selling office of the bank sends instructions in writing by mail to the
paying bank for the payment of a specified amount of money. Debiting to
the buyer’s account at the selling office and crediting to the recipient’s
account at the paying bank make the payment under this transfer. NBP
35
taxes mail charges from the applicant where no excise duty is charged.
Postage charges on mail transfer are actual minimum Rs. 40/- if sent by
registered post locally Rs.40/- if sent by registered post inland on party’s
request.
g) Telegraphic Transfer
Telegraphic Transfer is a form of remittance, which is advised by telegram,
telex or fax machines. The fundamental principles of such transfer are
otherwise identical with the Mail Transfer. It is the message, which is sent
from one branch to another on the order of payer to payee through wire. It
is one of the quickest means to transfer fund through the use of
telex/fax/internet or cable. Payment to the beneficiary is affected directly
by the drawee office upon identification or through credit into beneficiary’s
bank account. As such remitting office is not required to issue any
instrument payment to the remitter for delivery to the beneficiary.
h) Pay Order
NBP provides another reason to transfer your money using our facilities.
NBP pay orders are a secure and easy way to move your money from one
place to another. And, as usual, NBP charges for this service are extremely
competitive. The charges of NBP are very low all over the Pakistan. It
charges Rs 50/- for NBP account holders on issuing one payment order, and
charges Rs 100/- for NBP non-account holders on issuing one payment
order. It charges Rs 25/- for students on payment of fees of educational
institutions. If some one want a duplicate of payment order they charges Rs
100/- for NBP account holders and Rs 150/- for non account holders.
36
CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS OF NBP
2018
2018 % 2017 2017%
Assets
Cash and Balances with
treasury bank 247917421 8.8% 160405083 6.4%
Cash and Balances with
other bank 13049725 0.5% 26992279 1.1%
Lending to financial
Institution 106391667 3.8% 26916113 1.1%
128497450 129653706
Investments 6 45.8% 4 51.6%
Advances 926339789 33.0% 740344934 29.5%
Fixed Assets 54338676 1.9% 32671800 1.3%
Intangable Assets 856900 0.05% 1150437 0.08%
Defferd tax Assets 0.05% 7342482 0.37%
other Assets 170017572 6.1% 219091687 8.7%
37
280388625 100.0 251145187
6 % 9 100.0%
Liabilities 0.0% 0.0%
Bills Payable 9944178 0.4% 13195055 0.5%
Borrowings 392739396 14.0% 360105674 14.3%
201131262 172705924
Deposits & Other Accounts 5 71.7% 6 68.8%
Liabilities against asset
subject to F.lease 121077 0.03% 56799 0.03%
Deferred tax liabilities 6945767 0.2% 0.0%
other liabilities 171761918 6.1% 231359391 9.2%
259282496 233177616
1 92.5% 5 92.8%
Net Assets 211061295 7.5% 179675714 7.2%
Represented by
Share Capital 21275131 0.8% 21275131 0.8%
Reserves 53442643 1.9% 49887328 2.0%
Surplus on revaluation of
assets 59262177 2.1% 49632435 2.0%
Unappropriated profit 76239599 2.7% 58069393 2.3%
210219550 7.5% 178864287 7.1%
Non-controling interest 841745 0.03% 811427 0.04%
211061295 7.5% 179675714 7.2%
Table 2 Verical analysis of balance sheet
Interpretation
38
account balances. Vertical analysis is also useful for timeline analysis, to
see relative changes in accounts over time, such as on a comparative basis
over a five-year period. For example, if the cost of goods sold has a history
of being 40% of sales in each of the past four years, then a new percentage
of 48% would be a cause for alarm.
The major components in the balance sheet of banks are deposits, advances
and investments.
Cash and Balances with treasury bank increased 8.8% than the previous
year while in 2017 it was 6.4%. Cash and Balances with other bank
Decreased 0.5% than the previous year while in 2017 it was 1.1%. Lending
to financial Institution increased 3.8% than the previous year while in 2017
it was 1.1%.
Investments Decreased 45.8% than the previous year while in 2017 it was
51.6%. Advances increased 33.0% than the previous year while in 2017 it
was 29.5%. Fixed Assets increased 1.9% than the previous year while in
2017 it was 1.3%. Intangible Assets Decreased 0.05% than the previous
year while in 2017 it was 0.08%. Defferd tax Assets Decreased 0.05% than
the previous year while in 2017 it was 0.37% other Assets Decreased 6.1%
than the previous year.
While in 2017 it was 8.7% .Bills Payable Decreased 0.4% than the previous
year while in 2017 it was 0.5%. Borrowings Decreased 14.0% than the
previous year while in 2017 it was 14.3%. Deposits & Other Accounts
increased 71.7% than the previous year while in 2017 it was 68.8%.
Liabilities against asset subject to F.lease Did not increased 0.03% than the
previous year while in 2017 it was 0.03%. Deferred tax liabilities increased
0.2% than the previous year while in 2017 it was 0.0%. Other liabilities
Decreased 6.1% than the previous year while in 2017 it was 9.2%.
Total Liabilities Decreased 92.5% than the previous year while in 2017 it
was 92.8%. Net Assets increased 7.5% than the previous year While in
2017 it was 7.2%. Share Capital Did not increased 0.8% than the previous
year While in 2017 it was 0.8%. Reserves Decreased 1.9% than the
39
previous year While in 2017 it was 2.0%. Surplus on revaluation of assets
increased 2.1% than the previous year. While in 2017 it was 2.0%
Unappropriated profit increased 2.7% than the previous year While in 2017
it was 2.3% .Non-controling interest Decreased 0.03% than the previous
year While in 2017 it was 0.04%. Equity increased 7.5% than the previous
year While in 2017 it was 7.2%
3.1.1.3 Horizontal Analysis of NBP`s Balance interpretation
2017 Vs
2018 2017 2018%
Assets
Cash and Balances with treasury
bank 247917421 160405083 54.6%
Liabilities
40
Borrowings 392739396 360105674 9.1%
201131262 172705924
Deposits & Other Accounts 5 6 16.5%
Liabilities against asset subject to
F.lease 121077 56799 113.2%
Represented by
Interpretation
41
so that you can see general changes by account over multiple years. A less-
used format is to include a vertical analysis of each year in the report, so
that each year shows each line item as a percentage of the total assets in
that year.
The horizontal analysis shows that in the year 2018 Cash and Balances with
treasury bank increased 54.6%. Cash and Balances with other bank
decreased 51.7%. Lending to financial Institution increased 295.3%.
Investments decreased 0.9%. Advances increased 25.1%. Fixed Assets
increased 66.3%. Intangable Assets decreased 25.5%. Defferd tax Assets
decreased 100.0%. other Assets decreased 22.4%. Total Assets increased
11.6%.
Bills Payable decreased 24.6%. Borrowings increased 9.1%. Deposits &
Other Accounts increased 16.5%. Liabilities against asset subject to F.lease
increased 113.2%. Deferred tax liabilities other liabilities Decreased
-25.8%. Total liabilities increased 11.2%.
Net Assets increased 17.5%. Share Capital increased 0.06%. Reserves
increased 7.1%. Surplus on revaluation of assets increased 19.4%.
Unappropriated profit increased 31.3%. Non-controling interest increased
3.7%. Equity increased 17.5%.
42
2018
Profit After Taxaion 20015122 23027987 -14%
Exchange gain on Translation 915995 909953 0%
Movement in surplus (Revaluation
investment) (9695113) (7968020) 36%
(8779118) (7058067) 46%
remeasurement Gain 155785 (2755579) -94%
Movement in Surplus (revaluation F.A) 20261759 ---
Movement in surplus (Revaluation Non-
Banking Assets) (167094) 1047510 -84%
20250450 (1708069) 1086%
Total Comprehensive Income 31486454 14261851 102%
Table 4 horizontal analysis of income statement
Interpatition
Horizontal analysis of financial statements involves comparison of a
financial ratio, a benchmark, or a line item over a number of accounting
periods. This method of analysis is also known as trend analysis. Horizontal
analysis allows the assessment of relative changes in different items over
time. It also indicates the behavior of revenues, expenses, and other line
items of financial statements over the course of time.
43
An income statement is a financial statement that reports a
company's financial performance over a specific accounting period.
Financial performance is assessed by giving a summary of how the
business incurs its revenues and expenses through both operating and non-
operating activities. It also shows the net profit or loss incurred over a
specific accounting period.
The income statement is divided into two parts: operating and non-
operating. The operating portion of the income statement discloses
information about revenues and expenses that are a direct result of regular
business operations. For example, if a business creates sports equipment, it
should make money through the sale and/or production of sports
equipment. The non-operating section discloses revenue and expense
information about activities that are not directly tied to a company's regular
operations. Continuing with the same example, if the sports company sells
real estate and investment securities, the gain from the sale is listed in the
non-operating items section.
44
3.3Vertical Analysis of Income Statement
2018 2017
Profit After Taxaion 20015122 100% 23027987 100%
Exchange gain on Translation 915995 8% 909953 7%
Movement in surplus (Revaluation (9695113 (7968020
investment) ) 52% ) 33%
(8779118 (7058067
) 44% ) 26%
(2755579
remeasurement Gain 155785 1% ) 12%
Movement in Surplus (revaluation
F.A) 20261759 101% --- 0%
Movement in surplus (Revaluation
Non-Banking Assets) (167094) 1% 1047510 4%
(1708069
20250450 101% ) 7%
Total Comprehensive Income 31486454 157% 14261851 67%
Table 5 vertical analysis of income statement
Interpatition
Horizontal analysis of financial statements involves comparison of a
financial ratio, a benchmark, or a line item over a number of accounting
periods. This method of analysis is also known as trend analysis. Horizontal
analysis allows the assessment of relative changes in different items over
time. It also indicates the behavior of revenues, expenses, and other line
items of financial statements over the course of time.
45
An income statement or profit and loss account statement of profit or
loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings
statement, operating statement, or statement of operations) is one of
the financial statements of a company and shows the
company’s revenues and expenses during a particular period. It indicates
how the revenues (money received from the sale of products and services
before expenses are taken out, also known as the “top line”) are
transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses
have been accounted for, also known as “net profit” or the “bottom line”).
The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors
whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported.
One important thing to remember about an income statement is that it
represents a period of time like the cash flow statement. This contrasts with
the balance sheet, which represents a single moment in time.
3.4.1Current ratio
46
Current Ratio
Assets 2017=
160085598+14395805+121709399=296190802
Current Libalities 2017=
10187250+44863930+1657132405=1712183585
Assets 2018=
16080735+26992279+26916113=213989127
Current Liabilities 2018=
13195055+360105674+1727059246=2100359975
Current Ratio = CURRENT ASSET/CURRENT LIABILITIES
CURRENT ASSET/CURRENT
YEARS LIABILITIES RESULT
2018 213989127/2100359975 0.10
Interpretation
Current ratio showed a huge decrease in the year 2018 to 0.10% from the
last year’s 0.17% which is a good sign for the organization
2017
2018
47
because it shows the firm’s short-term liquidity as well as management’s
ability to use its assets efficiently.
Much like the working capital ratio, the net working capital formula
focuses on current liabilities like trade debts, accounts payable, and vendor
notes that must be repaid in the current year. It only makes sense the
vendors and creditors would like to see how much current assets, assets that
are expected to be converted into cash in the current year, are available to
pay for the liabilities that will become due in the coming 12 months.
If a company can’t meet its current obligations with current assets, it will
be forced to use its long-term assets, or income producing assets, to pay off
its current obligations. This can lead decreased operations, sales, and May
even be an indicator of more severe organizational and financial problems.
Assets 2017=
160085598+14395805+121709399=296190802
Current Liabilities 2017=
10187250+44863930+1657132405=1712183585
Assets 2018=
16080735+26992279+26916113=213989127
Current Liabilities 2018=
13195055+360105674+1727059246=2100359975
Interpretation
48
The calculation of this ratio show that net working capital in 2018 was Rs.
188637084 while in 2017 it is Rs. 141599783
3.4.3Debt to Equity Ratio
The debt to equity ratio is a financial, liquidity ratio that compares a
company's total debt to total equity. The debt to equity ratio shows the
percentage of company financing that comes from creditors and investors.
A higher debt to equity ratio indicates that more creditor financing (bank
loans) is used than investor financing (shareholders).
2017
2018
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
49
3.4.4Debt Ratio
Interpretation
Debt ratio slightly decreased in 2018 as compare to 2017 it was 0.8 % in
2017 it decline to 9 %.
2017
2018
0.74 0.76 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92
50
3.4.5 Equity Ratio
The equity ratio is an investment leverage or solvency ratio that measures
the amount of assets that are financed by owners' investments by
comparing the total equity in the company to the total assets.
The equity ratio highlights two important financial concepts of a solvent
and sustainable business. The first component shows how much of the total
company assets are owned outright by the investors. In other words, after
all of the liabilities are paid off, the investors will end up with the
remaining assets.
The second component inversely shows how leveraged the company is with
debt. The equity ratio measures how much of a firm's assets were financed
by investors. In other words, this is the investors' stake in the company.
This is what they are on the hook for. The inverse of this calculation shows
the amount of assets that were financed by debt. Companies with higher
equity ratios show new investors and creditors that investors believe in the
company and are willing to finance it with their investments.
The equity ratio is calculated by dividing total equity by total assets. Both
of these numbers truly include all of the accounts in that category. In other
words, all of the assets and equity reported on the balance sheet are
included in the equity ratio calculation.
EQUITY RATIO = TOTAL EQUITY/TOTAL ASSETS
Interpretation
Equity ratio for the year 2018 is 0.07% and in 2017 it is 0.09% which means it
slightly decreased than the year 2018 in current year which is a good sign.
51
2017
2018
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Interpretation
This ratio examines how successful a firm's investment decisions are
compared to its debt situations. The interest margin ratio in 2017 is
decreased as compared to 2018 good sing for the bank, because investment
decisions are well planned.
52
2017
2018
Interpretation
The ratio of earning to total assets in 2017 is 0.05 and in 2018 it is 0.06
which is almost increase could be favorable for the bank.
53
2017
2018
0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
Interpretation
Return on earning assets is decreases in 2017 as compared to previous year,
due to good management of NBP showing favorable trend.
3.4.10 Equity to Total Assets.
The equity to debt ratio show how much NBP have equity out of total
assets.
DEBT RATIO = EQUITY/TOTAL ASSETS
YEARS EQUITY/TOTAL ASSETS
2018 179675714/2376016409 0.10
2017 180138666/1981416562 0.09
Interpretation.
54
This ratio shows the ownership of the bank. In 2018 it is 0.10 and 2017 it is
0.09 which shows in 2018bank equity are increase.
2017
2018
0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
55
2017
2018
56
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 Conclusion
It is Concluded that NBP has very strong network there are many
opportunities available for qualified persons, they can join it for long-term
career, and Overall working environment of NBP is very comfortable.
Furthermore, Management of City Branch Mansehra concentrates on its
employees and considers them as the Asset of bank. Behavior of branch
manager is very polite and the whole management focuses on the
individual’s career and their growth.I had made an honest effort to present
the working & operations of NBP, specifically to City Branch Mansehra in
simplest way. Moreover, I feel pleased that I have really learned a lot
during two months & enjoyed working with experienced cooperative &
intelligent staff.I found my internship at NBP to be a very knowledgeable
experience and training was very much beneficial for me, because it helped
me to be aware of a real life working environment, As far as my learning is
concerned; all the employees at branch were very much cooperative.
Related to this, management of this branch helped me to understand the
procedures of a bank to possible extent; their good behavior also gave me
more confidence to learn more about the banking operations and to ask if I
have found any query in my mind.
4.2 Recommendations
Recommendations are given in the following,
Transfer is not properly carried out. Some of the employees are
continually serving at the same post. They are simply rotated at the
same branch.
Therefore it is recommended that rotation of every employee should
take place in every three years in different branches of the bank.
There should not be any abrupt polices by the upper management,
as this practice damage the customer confidence in the bank.
57
Policies should be made in such a manner that any new government
could not alter it.
National bank of Pakistan should start its operations in credit cards.
These cards are very helpful for the ordinary customer in general
and the business in particular.
To make it more secure and to eliminate the misuse of it, the
management is required to keep proper security against the card.
Valuator machine is used to count the currency notes and its
installation will help to eliminate the counting errors and will save
time as well.
So for the purpose of saving time the installation of valuator is
compulsory.
Efficient forecasting may increase the profitability of the any
organization. So Forecasting needs to be introduced at NBP. Before
taking any major decision it is necessary to judge decision, which
they are likely to take. Whether it has good or any bad impacts for
the bank and for the economy as a whole. It will also help in better
planning.
In the City Branch Mansehra during the internship, it is observed
that there is lot of nepotism and favoritism.
When some of the employees are transfer to other places, due to
there relations with top management they can cancel their transfer
in few weeks.
So I suggest that in the organization there should be no favoritism,
nepotism and politics and their transfer and promotion should be
made on merit and provide favorable environment to all the
employees equally. They should be rewarded on their performance.
It is observed during the internship that, there are number of
employees who are working on one seat since last two years. It can
affect the performance and motivation of the employees negatively.
Therefore there should be the interdepartmental transfer of the
58
employees to make the jobs and the working environment
interesting. And this transfer should be for a reasonable time period.
The branch should adopt various marketing strategy and promotion
strategy to promote the bank and its products. These marketing
strategies may be very helpful. For this purpose the bank should
conduct the seminars and conferences within and outside the bank.
The NBP should adopt various prizing scheme just like allied bank
(kar –amed scheme) bank Alfalah (monthly income earning
scheme) and various others. Media and newspapers can be helpful
in this regard.
There is no proper facility for the customers in the bank when they
enter the bank. The proper furniture is not available for the
customers. In the time of rush the people move here and there in the
bank which really create the disturbance.
So in order to main tain the good working environment the
customer should be served properly so that they can feel that they
have taken the right.
The staff members do not have the strong professional background.
They do not have modern techniques and knowledge regarding the
bank procedures.
Although staff training colleges are working in all major cities but
they are not performing well. For this purpose these staff colleges
should be reorganized and their syllabus should be made in such a
way to help the employee understand the ever-changing economic
conditions.
Banking council, of Pakistan should also initiate some programs to
equip the staff with much needed professional knowledge.
To make the environment of the work place more cohesive proper
authority delegation is required in the bank. Staff members of the
bank should be given a task and authority and he or she should be
ask for their responsibility. In this way no one can put the blame of
their mistake on others.
59
The manager should strictly monitor the performance of every staff
member. All of them should be awarded according to their
performance. Special bounces and incentives should be given to
motivate them.
On the job training should be carried out by the management to
make their staff better concerning the global changing economic
environment. For these purpose seminars, conferences and debates
should be organized.
4.3 Future prospects of National Bank of Pakistan
National Bank of Pakistan maintains its position as Pakistan's premier bank
determined to set higher standards of achievements. It is the major business
partner for the Government of Pakistan with special emphasis on fostering
Pakistan's economic growth through aggressive and balanced lending
policies, technologically oriented products and services offered through its
large network of branches locally, internationally and representative offices.
The forward-looking management of NBP is a firm believer in focusing on
niches where there is critical mass and to create products that meet that
demand.
60
the general public of the country. National Bank of Pakistan is everyone’s
bank and does not only serve corporate customers. To extending and
targeting research to improve bank earnings, through customer focus of
bank’s commercial and corporate branches, and by enhanced efforts
towards the development of human capital, the bank shall very soon
transform from a bureaucratic organization to a fast paced, modern, and
competitive bank. In conclusion, the National Bank of Pakistan have the
vision, which will enable it to achieve even better results, safeguard the
interest of their customers and to assist them in their march towards
progress and prosperity in future.
NBP’s current management has boarder vision. They have taken steps to
improve customer services, streamline internal procedure and creating a
delectating climate for technology initiative.
Reorganizing efforts going on in the NBP has open many opportunities for
NBP to grow. For instance to achieve objectives NBP have taken following
measures.
61
To improve the motivation of staff a merit-based culture is being
promoted. Through overhauling the manpower recruitment preservation
and performance appraisal system.
The actions taken by current management provide a great opportunity for
NBP for making it future prosper and can make NBP not less than any
modern commercialize bank in Pakistan.
62
REFERENCES
63
i
http://www.nbp.com.pk/EcomomicBulletin/FS-Complete-31-12-2007.pdf
ii
NBP Quarterly Report September 2008
iii
http://www.nbp.com.pk/nbp/About_Us/About_US.jsp
iv
NBP Quarterly Report September 2008
v
Black's Law Dictionary page 471 (5th ed)
vi
Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Brown, L., and Adam, S. (2006) Marketing, 7th Ed.
vii
Principles of marketing 8 ED by Kotler & Armstrong G7
viii
Practice & Law of Banking in Pakistan by Dr. Asrar H. Siddiqui 7th ed page no 87
ix
Practice & Law of Banking in Pakistan by Dr. Asrar H. Siddiqui 7th ed page no 91
x
Practice & Law of Banking in Pakistan by Dr. Asrar H. Siddiqui 7th ed page no 88
xi
Practice & Law of Banking in Pakistan by Dr. Asrar H. Siddiqui 7th ed
xii
http://www.nbp.com.pk/Aamdani/index.htm
xiii
http://www.nbp.com.pk/Premium/index.htm
xiv
http://www.nbp.com.pk/Saibaan/index.htm
xv
http://www.nbp.com.pk/advancesalary/index.htm
xvi
http://www.nbp.com.pk/CashnGold/index.htm
xvii
http://www.nbp.com.pk/StudentLoan/index.htm
xviii
Practice & Law of Banking in Pakistan by Dr. Asrar H. Siddiqui 7th ed page no 221
xix
Practice & Law of Banking in Pakistan by Dr. Asrar H. Siddiqui 7th ed page no 228
xx
Practice & Law of Banking in Pakistan by Dr. Asrar H. Siddiqui 7th ed page no 228