Breaking Stress of Flexible Steel Wire Rope
Breaking Stress of Flexible Steel Wire Rope
1. The breaking stress of the flexible wire rope in tonnes is given approximately by the following
formula:
500
500
2. Example : Required the breaking stress and SWL of a 6 x 24, 24 mm wire rope.
500
BS = 20 x 24 x 24
500
BS = 23.04 Tonnes
SWL = 23.04
600
600
600
PURCHASES, APPLICATIONS AND FINDING TENSION
S x P = W + nW / 10
S x 7 = 12 + 7 x 12 / 10
= 120 / 10 = 84 / 10 204
S = 204 x 1 / 7 = 3 Tonnes
or: S x 7 = 12 + 84 / 10
2D² = 3 x 6 x 300
D² = 3 x 6 x 300 / 2
D = √ 3 x 6 300 ; √ 2700
2
D = 52 mm
What resistance could be overcome with a three-fold purchase by applying a pull of 2 tonnes to the
hauling part (no lead blocks)?
S x P = W + nW / 10
2 x 6 = W + 6W / 10 = 10W + 6W / 10 = 16W / 10
The actual weight would be 7.5 tonnes but the total resistance (weight plus friction) would be greater.
Add for friction one tenth of the weight for each sheave. 7.5 x 6 /10 = 4.5 tonnes. The total resistance =
7.5 + 4.5 = 12 tonnes.
STRENGTH OF ROPES (REVISED NOTES)
Splicing a rope reduces its strength at least one tenth and knots reduces the strength by about one half.
Estimates of breaking stress in tonnes are given for different types of ropes by the following formula:
Manila 2D²
300 The size of the rope expressed in terms of its diameter (D)
in millimetres.
Polypropylene 3D²
Polyethylene 300
Terrylene 4D²
300
Nylon 5D²
300
Safe Working Load may be taken as one sixth (1/6) of the breaking stress.
Example (a) Required the breaking stress and also the safe working load of a polypropylene rope 40 mm
in diameter.
300 300
Example (b) Find the size of the smallest Manila rope suitable for a load of 2 tonnes.
D² = 300 x 6 x 2 / 2
D = √ 30 0 x 6 x 2 /2
D = 42.426 Tonnes
PROBLEM SOLVING IN SEAMANSHIP
1. A cargo of 360 tons is loaded in a vessel 150 feet forward of the tipping center. TPI = 50, breadth of
the ship is 60 feet, block coefficient is .75, Draft before loading is 20 feet 00 inches Fwd. 22 feet 06
inches Aft. What would be her draft after loading?
b = Breadth
.70 k = 29
.75 k = 30
.80 k = 31
.85 k = 32
Total trim = Total Moment / ITM = 360 x 150 / 1250 = 43” or 3’07”
20’07.2” 23’01.2”
2. A vessel of 58 feet beam is heeled to 6 degrees. What would be her increase in draft.
Increase of Draft due to heel = ½ the breadth of the vessel time the Sine of the angle of heel.
= 29 x 0.1045284
= 3.03” increase
3. A vessel of 5000 tons displacement with KG 15.8 ft. has her transverse metacentre 18 ft. above the
keel. Find her righting moment when she is heeled 7 degrees.
RESERVE BUOYANCY
1. Reserved Buoyancy – may be defined as the volume of the enclosed spaces above the waterline. It
may be expressed as a volume or as a percentage of the total volume of the vessel.
2. A box-shaped vessel 105 ft. long, 20 ft. beam, and 20 ft. deep, is floating upright in FW. If her
displacement is 720 tons. Find the volume of reserved buoyancy.
Density
1000
3. A cylindrical drum is 3 ft. 6 in long and is2 ft. 0 in. in diameter. It weighs 20 lbs. when empty. Find its
draft in water density 1024 ozs. per cubic foot if it contains 50 gallons of paraffin (SG 0.6), and is floating
with its axis perpendicular to the waterline.
Solution:
1 = 600 ozs/ft3
Density 1024
= 5 cu. ft.
r² 3.1416 x 1
= 0.9 x 1000
3.5
= 900 oz.
22
8.5 24 Weight of oil = Volume x Density
24 = 7992 x 900
= 7,192,800 cu. ft./oz
= 7,192,800
16 x 2240
= 200.69 tons
2. A tank holds 120 tons when full of fresh water. Find how many tons of oil (SG 0.84) it will hold,
allowing 2 % of the volume of the tank for expansion in the oil.
Wt. Of FW
3. The draft which a rectangular homogeneous log will float may be found as follows:
= L x B x D x SG x of water x 1000
= L x B x D x SG of water x 1000
INTER-CONVERSION OF UNITS
The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 19.5 ft. Find the area.
Solution: Given perimeter = 19.5 ft.
Ѳ = 60°
6.5
6.5
h = 6.5 x Sin60° ’
h
h = 6.5 x 0. 36603
= 5.63 x 3.25
2. Find the area of the triangle with sides equal to 5 ft., 12 ft., and 15 ft.
C S = 5 + 12 + 15
b-12’ 2
a-5’
S = 16
A B (S – a) 16 – 5 = 11
c-15’ (S – b) 16 – 12 = 4
(S – c) 16 – 15 = 1