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    Electrical Resistance

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    Jaden Moniez
    Resistance is the opposition to current flow through a conductor. Any device that converts electrical energy to another form, like heat, exhibits resistance. The material or apparatus that causes resistance is called a resistor. Resistance depends on the material, length, thickness, and temperature of the conductor. It is measured in ohms. The current can be changed by altering either the supply voltage or the resistance. Factors like short circuits, overloads, and insulation faults can cause excessive current in a circuit.

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    Electrical Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Jaden Moniez
    379 views2 pages
    Resistance is the opposition to current flow through a conductor. Any device that converts electrical energy to another form, like heat, exhibits resistance. The material or apparatus that causes resistance is called a resistor. Resistance depends on the material, length, thickness, and temperature of the conductor. It is measured in ohms. The current can be changed by altering either the supply voltage or the resistance. Factors like short circuits, overloads, and insulation faults can cause excessive current in a circuit.

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    Electrical-Resistance

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    Resistance is the opposition to current flow through a conductor. Any device that converts electrical energy to another form, like heat, exhibits resistance. The material or apparatus that causes resistance is called a resistor. Resistance depends on the material, length, thickness, and temperature of the conductor. It is measured in ohms. The current can be changed by altering either the supply voltage or the resistance. Factors like short circuits, overloads, and insulation faults can cause excessive current in a circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    379 views2 pages

    Electrical Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Jaden Moniez
    Resistance is the opposition to current flow through a conductor. Any device that converts electrical energy to another form, like heat, exhibits resistance. The material or apparatus that causes resistance is called a resistor. Resistance depends on the material, length, thickness, and temperature of the conductor. It is measured in ohms. The current can be changed by altering either the supply voltage or the resistance. Factors like short circuits, overloads, and insulation faults can cause excessive current in a circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Electrical Resistance

    Any device in a circuit which converts electrical energy into some other form
    impedes the current. The device which converts electrical energy to heat energy
    is termed a resistor and its ability to impede current is termed resistance. So
    resistance can be defined as the opposition to current motion through a
    conductor or a device. The material/apparatus that caused this is called a
    resistor.
    What is a conductor?

    - material with low electrical resistance


    - electricity can easily flow
    - these materials have several loosely bound electrons that can travel through the wire
    - Ex. Copper (1.724), silver (1.59), gold (2.44), solder (tin & lead)

    Materials that has high electrical resistance and does not permit electricity to flow or
    pass
    through them are called insulators.

    The value of resistance of a conductor depends upon four things;

    1. The material from which the conductor is made,


    2 The length of the conductor (in the direction of the current path),
    3 The thickness (cross-sectional area of the conductor),
    4 The temperature at which it operates (in general, the higher its operating temperature
    the greater its resistance).

    Unit of Resistance - Ohm (Ω)

    Resistance is measured in ohms (symbol Ω)). All materials at normal room temperature
    have electrical resistance. If the material is classed as a conductor its resistance is
    probably much less than 1000 ohms. If the material is classed as an insulator its
    resistance
    is probably well in excess of 20,000,000 ohms.

    The current in a circuit can be changed by changing the value of the supply emf
    (electromotive force or voltage) or the value of the resistance. If the supply emf is
    increased but the resistance remains the same the current will increase. If the supply
    emf
    remains the same but the resistance is increased, the current will decrease.

    Common Causes of Excessive Current

    1. Short-Circuits (for example live wires touching inside equipment or cable)


    2. Overloads (for example too many appliances/devices plugged into one socket/outlet).
    3. Insulation Faults (for example worn cables to outdoor equipment allow live
    conductors
    to touch earth, or metal objects touch overhead power lines and earth at the same
    time).

    Factors affecting resistance of a wire:

    1. Length (l) of wire


    - the longer the wire, the greater is its resistance
    2. Cross-sectional Area (A) of the wire
    - the smaller the cross-sectional area the greater is its resistance
    3. Material (ρ) of wire (resistivity of the material)
    - different materials permit electrons to flow at different capacity

    Considering all these factors, we have the equation of resistivity which is expressed
    ρl
    mathematically as R= where R = resistivity
    A
    l = length of wire
    ρ = resistivity constant of the material
    A = cross-sectional area of the wire

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