MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (UiTM) SHAH ALAM

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING

CENTRE OF CONSTRUCTION STUDIES

[B C M 6 1 4]

BUILDING CONSRTRUCTION V

SEMESTER PROJECT PAPER

SESSION SEPT 2014 - JAN 2015

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SELECTED CATEGORIES

OF REFURBISHMENT WORK

Prepared by:

NAME STUDENT ID
MUHAMMAD NURFAKIQ BIN FAUZI 2013845408
MOHD FARIS FIKRI BIN JOHARI 2013615056
MOHD HAIZAL BIN AYUDIN 2013629894
SYAMIR BIN ABET 2013410898
NURUL ASHIKIN BINTI RAZMAN 2013431704

Prepared for:

HJ MOHSIN ALI RAHMAN

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Assalamualaikum W.B.T, Alhamdulillah grateful to Allah because of its permission and

willing, we can prepare this task and report with successfully. First of all, we would like
to thank to our lecture in Construction Technology v, Haji Mohsin Ali Rahman because
provide us a lot of guidance and give a good support to our team. He also provides
several suggestion and reasonable opinion as well until we can know and figure out how
to perform well to make this report. Thank also goes to colleagues from the other groups
that are willing to share their information and also have provided insight into this task. In
addition, we are honoured and pleased that this task can be completed in full is due to the
cooperation and commitment given by everyone in our group members in the course of
this study. Various opinions and ideas were collected and used to complete this
report. Through this assignment, we obtained a variety of knowledge about the
refurbishment work in term of their system, function towards occupant in the building,
method of work and how it’s functionally. Furthermore we are also being able to
understand more about the Refurbishment system during the case study. Therefore we
hope that through the implementation of this report, we can open their eyes and
remember some of what they have learned while performing this task and all of this
learning can be used and manipulated in the final exam later, Insya Allah.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGES

Chapter 1 Foreword

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Objective of Study 1

Chapter 2 Theoretical Review

2.1 Introduction to Refurbishment work 2

2.2 Classification of Refurbishment work 5

2.3 Types of refurbishment work 5

2.4 Selection of Refurbishment work 7

2.5 Application of Renovation Work in Malaysia 7

2.6 Definition of Restoration 12

Chapter 3 Case Study

3.1 Introduction 17

3.2 Case Study on Istana Seri Menanti 17

3.3 Case Study on HBR Building 23

3.4 Case Study on Ipoh Railway Station 27

3.5 Comparison between Renovation and 29

Restoration

3.6 Similarities of Restoration and Renovation 30

Chapter 4 Conclusion 31

Reference 32

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 CHAPTER 1

FOREWARD

1.1 Introduction

In general, this report tells the story about the Refurbishment work in Malaysia
and their suitability of application all the types in Malaysia. Refurbishment is a work that
involving expertise and specialise people to do it. Thus indicate that only competence
person and experience contractor is able to conduct the refurbishment project. The
complexity of refurbishment projects is reflected in the difficulty in getting accurate
design information during the design process. These particular works actually depend on
the regulations and requirement from building legislation and local authority or some
government agency. In this report also would explain the comparison between the
selected refurbishment work which is their similarities and the differences.

1.2 Objective of Study

There are several objective of study that might help us in understanding about the
topic of Intelligent Buildings and a little bit about Green Technology in Building. The
objectives are as follows:-

i. To more understand about the categories of refurbishment works and their ability.
ii. To compare and contrast between each of system in Refurbishment works
iii. To know each of the system that available in the Refurbishment work.

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 CHAPTER 2

THEORITICAL REVIEW

2.1 Introduction to Refurbishment Work

Refurbishment is an important sector in Malaysian construction industry, and has

been introduced since the adoption of the technology and expertise and all the method for
refurbishment from the other country being brought into our construction industry. Ali,
A. S. (2010) stated that, the scope of work is now has been growing rapidly over the last
five years and refurbishment now is looked as one of the important part in our
construction industry. Despite its increasing importance, there are only a few pieces of
research have been conducted on refurbishment projects in term of performance and
activity. From that situation the refurbishment work had implement on such important
and famous building in Malaysia to secure and maintain its aesthetic and building value.
One of the iconic historic buildings in Malaysia that had been refurbishing is Bangunan
Sultan Abdul Samad, Kuala Lumpur as shown on Picture 2.1 below. Besides, others
historical building that have high value also be refurbish to make it as a landmark and
place to visit. Most of this type of building is also available in Malacca, Penang, Ipoh,
Taiping and in each of state in Malaysia.

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 Picture 2.1: Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad

And now, the significant of the refurbishment work could be accepted by Malaysian. Out
citizen now had realised the important an old building in term of their property and
aesthetic value. Recently, the refurbishment work had been imposed to the most of old
building in order to further utilise it or make it as important asset. As we can see now, the
owner of the shop house in Malaysia tend to refurbish their lot due to certain reason
either direct order from municipal or self-desired. Picture below shows several of historic
or and old design of shop house that had been refurbish.

Picture 2.2: A row of historic shop house in Georgetown, Penang

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In the construction industry, there are many definition of refurbishment according to
perspective of the individual that expert on such refurbishment work. According to
Ismail. R (2008), refurbishment is defined as the adaptation or alteration towards existing
building designed to improve facilities, rearrange internal area or façade of the building
and also increased the structural span of the building. Thus picture 2.3 and 2.4 below
shows several historical building around Malaysia that imposed Refurbishment work in
order to maintain their value and for sure to make it as place for visitors and tourist.

Picture 2.3: Stadthuys Building, Malacca and Sultan Abdul Halim Gallery, Kedah

Picture 2.4: Penang City Council and Kuala Lumpur KTM Station

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2.2 Classification of Refurbishment work

Refurbishment can be categorised into two (2) scope of work and they are as
follows.

a) Works that bring back the building to its original design performance. The
activity regarding to this scope of work includes repair, rehabilitation and
restoration.
b) Works that upgrades the original design performance and the original appearance
of the building. The activity related to this scope of work is extension, renovation,
improvement, retrofit, modernization and conversion.

2.3 Types of Refurbishment work

Regarding to the refurbishment work, there are involve many subdivision work
and activity. And all these subdivision work are depending on the purpose of the
refurbishment project and the function of the building itself. The table below briefly
explain the types of refurbishment work and all the type are commonly used in
construction industry.

Types of refurbishment
1. Repair
Is a work to restore the performance of a
building to the original or an acceptable
condition by renewing, replacing towards
damaged and deteriorated parts.

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2. Rehabilitation
Is a work which extends the life of a
building in order to make it habitable.

3. Restoration
The work that reinstates the structural and
architectural element of an old building to
its original design and construction.

4. Modernisation
A work that will bring a building up to a
standard prescribed and planned by the
owners and statutory requirements.

5. Retrofitting
Involving the work of redesigning and
reconstructing the existing building in order
to interrupt the new technology in term of
M&E system and ICT system.

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6. Extension
A work where the owner want to increase
up the floor area or adding a new part beside
or upper the building.

7. Renovation
Process of upgrading and repairing the old
building to improve the building appearance
and performance which may include
changing the function of the building.

2.4 Selection of Refurbishment Work

Regarding to the assignment project the refurbishment work will focusing on the
renovation and restoration of the building. Thus, a little theory and information about the
renovation and refurbishment are described in paragraph below.

2.5 Application of renovation in Malaysia

The suitability of renovation in Malaysia can be adopted if the owner of building

wants to change the structure to make more aesthetical value in order to increase the
value of the building that had been renovated. Therefore, the renovation can be built
because it can improve the layout of structure of building such as add extra space, change
the configuration of the building for better flow, add rooms for special purposes.
Other than that, some buildings are suitable for renovation and not suitable for renovation
because it depends on the owner building, thus the type of the suitability of building to
renovate is historic building, commercial building that make profit to owner such as
restaurant and residential houses. If the location of building is right, the building systems

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can be made to work and if the cost is acceptable, the renovation can be proceed in
accordance the requirement of the owner itself.

A lower renovation cost does not always mean that it makes sense to take this path. If
there is at least one good reason why renovation should be considered for buildings.
Renovations that will increase the appeal of the building may include painting or putting
in some decking to give an indoor-outdoor flow and it also can increase sense of space or
some landscaping. The renovation of building can be done when increasing on demand
such as in restaurant, there are many customers coming until there is no space or table to
gains more customers. In historic building, a visitor always want rudiment in terms of the
layout inside the building also differences of colors to attract more visitors come to
historic buildings. The renovation of buildings usually involves a variety of measures
aiming at reduction energy and building maintenance bills, increasing safety and market
value, and improving comfort and aesthetics.

2.5.1 Factors of building renovation

1) Increase demand
The building can be renovated due to increasing on demand that the owner
building can renovate building depends on customers and visitor. If more
visitor or customers comes to buildings, they will expect the different of
building which in terms of the layouts, the design of space, changing of colors
on wall, etc.

2) Budget
Renovation projects inherently involve dealing with many unknown
variables that may increase costs, schedule and design uncertainties. The costs
savings of a renovation versus building new quickly turn into increased
financial exposure. If an owner still believes there may be a benefit to
renovation, often he or she needs to establish both substantial financial

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 savings and compelling benefits to the institution in terms of the facility’s
character, location, and overall contribution to the institutions quality of life.

3) Use of the building

The function of building also should be carried out before renovation is
done such as add a new concept changing of function of the building. Thus the
building renovation can improve the building performance, which may
include changing the function of the building for example from residential to
office.

4) The owner objective

The last factor might be the owner objective which the owner building wants
to gain more profit from the building and the renovation can improve the
performance of the building in order to achieve he or she objective. The owner
building with high capital can renovate their building and the planning design
can be made by planning approval from local authorities. The life span of the
building also can be a factor to renovation because if the building is old, so the
value of the building will lower and the performance also lower.

2.5.2 Procedure of Renovation

Building owners can apply for an approved permit for any renovation work on
their buildings. The Seremban Municipal Council appeals to all individuals or groups
wishing to renovate their buildings to first obtain the written approval of the Buildings
Department of the Council. This is to avoid the owners from being served unpleasant
notices and actions from the Council’s authority. Before any renovation work done, the
owner should make an appointment with the person in authority in the renovation of this
building either by building inspection or Building Technician. This is necessary for now
the things related to the manner or procedure to be fulfilled and involved before the

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renovations made to a building. Renovation plan must be submitted by either the
architect, draftsman or engineer licensed been constituted by the owner.

For more information about the names of the authorities to make this plan work of
architects and legislators who have registered with the local authorities that have been
listed in the counter area of the building department respectively. The plans have been
standard for the renovation of a building that has been declared by the municipal councils
of each area. The purpose of this plan was drawing standard is to ensure that any changes
made are in accordance with the specification correctly and safely which was agreed by
the authorities. Each work of these changes is made subject to a consultant who has been
appointed by their respective owners.

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Figure 1.1: Submission of Building Plan Flowchart

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2.6 Definition of Restoration

Restoration is work that reinstates the structural and architectural parts of an old
building to its original design and construction. It is including works to a building or
architectural of historic importance either due to deterioration or the disaster such as fire
or flood damage. The definition also include the provision for the maintenance,
preservation or protection of what presently exists, from being destroyed or changed in an
appropriate manner where it should be regarded the process to prolongs the life of the
building for future use.

Another definition is where the process is to looking the functionality and

significant is retained. Restoration also is a technical works against listed, gazetted and
selected building. Means the purpose is to preserve selected building fabric and material,
involving physical action in order to make restoration works. In other definition
restoration can defined and categorized by consolidate the repair and restoration to make
restoration work against the building. So, maintenance is a continuous protective care
about the fabric, contents and setting the place, and must be distinguish from repair.
Repair, in the contrary, involving restoration or reconstruction. It is the definition that
suitable used for restoration works.

Restoration should mean returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier
state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without introduce
new material.

2.6.1 The Application of Restoration in Malaysia

In Malaysia, conservation works is usually conducted to the existing building.

The purpose of conservation is to preserve or refurbished the building without any
changes of the structure. The application of conservation in Malaysia are used for the
building that the structure is still stronger but there have defect that influence the
aesthetic value of the building. The used of conservation is to maintain or restore the
existing building from any harm, decay or loss condition.

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 The application of conservation had been started by determine the purpose of the
building for the future by make investigations. If the purpose of the building is to retain
the structure without any changes of material used and design, therefore, the conservation
can be conducted for the building.

After determine the purpose of the building, the methods and techniques of
conservation works will be created to shows that procedure of the works. The important
thing for the conservation works it retain the building structure with the changes is only
allows for the same types of material and grades. For example, the defect of timber door
frame should be replaced with the original material which is timber with the same size,
design, grade and dimension.

2.6.2 Situation to Implement the Restoration Works

There are various situations that allow the conservation works against the
building. This situation is not compulsory for the building is not listed but it is
compulsory for the listed building.

1. Non-functional and damages situation

When the structures or an element of building is not functional cause of damages
therefore, the restoration works should be implement. Without any restoration
works, it may lead to the dangerous condition and maybe demolition works will
be conducted. The condition that contributed to the non-functional and damages
situation are cracking, decay, rusting and etc. Therefore, before the condition
become difficult, the restoration works should be implement.

2. Dangerous situation
Dangerous condition means when the building is expose to the risks or unsafe for
the occupant in neither the building nor the surrounding area. Dangerous
condition that need conservation works is specified for the elements of the
building such as cracking of the structure. This condition had need the

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 conservation works to maintain the building from collapse and function for future
used..

3. Development situation
Development situation had influence the conservation works. For example, if the
area of the building is potential in growth development, the renovation works had
been implemented to restore the building especially for the historical building to
attract the visitors.

4. Legal requirement
Legal requirement also one of the situation that influence the restoration works.
For example, during the inspection by BOMBA, they had gave the instruction to
restore the material. Therefore, the owners of the building should implement the
legal requirement to avoid any disobey in laws.

2.6.3 Factor of Restoration Works:

1. Structural or element factors

Structural factor is the main factor that influences the conservation to the
building. Example structure or elements of the building are column, beam, floor,
wall and etc. These elements should be maintained by maintenance works.
However, if the elements had been harm or damages, the conservation works
should be implement. Without the conservation works, the structure will be
failure and gives negative impact to occupant in the building nor the surrounding
area. For example, the damages of column will be give an impact to the
distribution of load as well as directly interface to the dangers for occupants and
surrounding area.

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2. Weather factors
Weather is one of the reasons that contributed to the damages of the structural or
elements of the buildings. This is because, the weather will gives negative impact
to the strengths and durability to the structure or element. For example, the
raining weather will decaying the timber structure or element. Therefore, the
damage structure should be replace with the new original material to retain the
building without any changes of design and material.

3. Legal factors
Legal factor is related to the legal requirement for the conservation works. In
Malaysia there have two (2) types of building for conservation works which are
listed and unlisted building. Unlisted building is not compulsory for the
conservation works, however if the building is give the dangerous condition to the
occupants and surrounding area, the decision should be made either conservation
or demolition works. However, listed building is compulsory to retain. Therefore,
any damage of the building should be restore by conservation works without any
changes of the material used.

4. Safety factors
Safety factor is related to the effectiveness of the building. If the building had any
damages, therefore it had been considered as dangerous or unsafe condition.
Therefore, the conservation works should be implement to create the safety
condition.

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2.6.4 Procedures of Building Restoration.

First of all the survey will be made to identify what structure or element to be
conserve. In this process, the inspection and testing will be made to identify the condition
of every structure and element of the building.

After that, the policies of conservation will be determined related to the element
or structure to be conserved. The general policies of conservation is to maintain the
original design and material used. The policies also related to the notification to the
owner about the conservation works that will be make.

Next is the preparation of mechanism. The mechanism is related to the work

programme of conservation work. As others construction works, the working programme
should be provided in conservation to shows the step or plan to conduct this works.
Moreover, the resources also should be selected such as financial resource, hire
consultant and contractor.

Before start the conservation works, the detail information from local authorities
is needed. The purpose of local’s information, the conservation works can be stated and
maybe will be abandoned. The information that needed before start the works is
permission, criteria, and requirement of conservation works. Then make the dilapidation
survey to get information by photographic, recording and so on.

After that, the conservation works will be conducted with the guideline from the
information of local authorities. Conservation works is related to maintain the structure or
design of the building. If there have any replacement of material, the new material should
be same as the old material. The important thing during conducted the restoration works
is the safety purpose for the existing element or structure as well as the labours and
construction teams in the building.

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 CHAPTER 3

CASE STUDY

3.1 Introduction

Based on the objective, we had discussed with our group members to selected the
appropriate location to make case study. among the types of refurbishment work we
decided to study in detail about the renovation and restoration and in order to fulfil the
requirement of this assignment we had to make a case study towards a building that
implement these restoration and renovation work. The selected location is Istana Seri
Menanti and Ipoh KTM Railway Station.

3.2 Case study on Istana Seri Menanti

Istana Seri Menanti in Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia is a castle being
referenced often in this context is an old building is still intact, and made of wood
became the official residence of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan around the
1900s until now, this building can be classified a historical legacy, the castle was
converted into a museum. The building was founded by Minangkabau culture.

Photo 3.1: Istana Seri Menanti, Kuala Pilah

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In February 2009, the Unity, Culture, Arts and Heritage Minister Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal
announced that the Istana Lama Seri Menanti is among ten historical structures in
Malaysia gazette as a national heritage, Seri Menanti Palace was one of oldest cultural
heritage that presented the art and craft of woodcarving skills of Malays people of
Malaysia. The palace was designed entirely by two local Malay master carpenters and
was constructed the traditional way, without using a single metal nail, and the entire four-
storey building is literally held together only by mortise-and-tenon joints and hardwood
dowels and rivets.

3.2.1 Renovation of Istana Seri Menanti

The intended to renovate Instana Seri Menanti had existed about decades ago and the
renovation purposely to fully utilise again as a palace. Since it abandoned by Tuanku
Muhammad in 1930, Istana Seri Menanti was used as a:

i. The official residence of the prince of his daughter for several years.
ii. Rest house to official guests like kings, sultans and princes who came to the Seri
Menanti
iii. Used as a museum under the care of the Royal Institute of Museum Negeri
Sembilan

The Istana Seri Menanti has been renovate by upgrading and repairing a design of
some elements inside Istana Seri Menanti such as door, the addition of stairs, the
bathroom was introduced, the roof has been replaced, addition of landscape including
trees and other else. Istana Seri Menanti as residential of royal’s family and nowadays
Istana Seri Menanti has been renovated to Museum Seri Menanti. The structure of Seri
Menanti is keep into original structure because to maintain the historic value of Negeri
Sembilan. There are several elements for renovation of Istana Seri Menanti as follows:

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 Element Description
1. Adding stairs
The stairs are designed with different angles
of stairs connecting the floors one to level
two has an angle of 45 degrees. Location
staircase located at Kelek anak, near the
royal dining room.

2. Extra Window Opening

Addition for opening the windows done for
lighting purposes to ensure that natural light
can be satisfied with in space renovation is
complete. In addition, the renovation is
done for the purpose of finishing the
building of this palace.

3. Partition Wall
Partition wall at the middle of the palace
have been removed to be used as an area
larger space. Space middle palace serve as
areas of activity when there are official
functions of the palace.

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 4. Tiang Seri
"Tiang Seri " in palace was removed
because, formerly the palace of the king
stays home, but at the moment Tiang Seri
was removed and replaced with a more
strong structure that is strong because it has
become a museum. In Palace Seri Menanti
there are 4 "Tiang Seri” in every corner of
the palace.

3.3 Case Study on HBR Building, Alor Setar

Photo 3.2: HBR Building, Alor Setar

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3.3.1 Background of HBR Building

This HBR building formerly known as Alor Setar Station Bus and now it is own
by HBR Group which is Bus Company. This building located in the heart of Alor Setar
which is at Jalan Langgar. At the beginning, the purpose of this building before known as
HBR building was the main bus station in Kedah and also had several commercial lot.
According to local people, this building as shown on Picture below had existed in late
1950s and function as main Bus Station that serve for whole Kedah on that time. By
means people that come from Kuala Lumpur or other place will stop here then take
another bus when want to go to another place. Then the HBR Group of companies takes
place and occupied this building till 2012. B

Picture 3.1: Kedah main bus station in late 1950s.

Then the bus station had been removing when Shahab Perdana Bus Terminal open in late
2000. The 4th Storey building comprises several commercial lot and most of the lot have
no tenant since the removal of bus station until takeover by HBR Group. HBR Group is a
second generation family business founded by the late Dato’ Haji Hanafi Ramli and the
word HBR is stand for Hanafi Bin Ramli. And niw it is moving aggressively towards
hospitality and property development business.

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3.3.2 Refurbishment of HBR Building to Tune Hotel Alor Setar

HBR Building is located on prime area of city centre and the area had gazetted as hub
commercial zone. Thus, several building on that area will be demolished and
redevelopment will be done. But in 2010 HBR group had planned to refurbish the
building and utilise it for commercial. Then Tune Hotel had make investment to refurbish
the HBR Building into Tune Hotel.

Picture 3.2: The Signing caremony between Bank Rakyat and HBR Group.

Bangunan HBR will be refurbished to house the 88-room Tune Hotel Alor Setar and it is
schedule to open by the end of 2015. Tune Hotel Alor Setar will be unique with the art
deco design of the building is difficult to obtain in Malaysia. That why the aesthetic
element of HBR building will preserve and maintain.

Picture 3.3: Proposed design for Tune Hotel

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The refurbishment on HBR Building is focusing the renovation work which is remove all
the original partition wall, building element such as door and window in the building.
Before that, all the fitting such electrical and pipe fitting will be remove before the wall
be demolished. Apart from that the refurbishment on HBR Building is also comprise
another part of refurbishment work as explain on table below.

Refurbishment method Reason

Restoration Some of building element like shape, deco, carving
of the building will be maintain.
Modernization The concept and a few of building part like
windows, doors will transform to a modern type
according to the proposed design.
Retrofitting The entire element such as the service component
will be adding to the building to meet the purpose
of hotel building. The element comprises M&E and
ICT which is not available in original design.
Extension The floor area of the building will be adding for
hotel purpose such as Lobby and Main entrance,
and others servicing room.

Photo 3.3: Renovation works around the HBR Group

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 Photo 3.4: The removal of internal partition wall and building element

Before commencement the refurbishment project, the owner and the contractor for the
project shall obtain the approval from the local authority. And the approval permit is
including several process. For this HBR Building, the contractor or the owner of the
building shall get the approval from Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar (MBAS) before
commencement of work. When being approve the work can be proceed. The
refurbishment process for HBR Building is simplified as follows diagram.

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 Proposed new design and concept of
Building (Tune Hotel)

Establish the type of

refurbishment work

Obtain the approval

from local authority
(MBAS)

Evacuate the tenant and

unfitting all the servicing
component

(Renovation) demolishes internal wall

partition and maintains the aesthetic value
of the building. (Restoration)

(Extension) towards the

building structure

Modernization by installing the new type

of door, window and facade of the building

Retrofitting and finishing the

refurbishment work

Diagram 3.1: The sequence and process for refurbishment work on HBR Building

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3.4 Case Study on Ipoh Railway Station

Before start any refurbishment work, an investigation towards the building has to
be carried out to obtain sufficient information about the building condition. The purposed
is to identify, investigate and diagnosis of defects in existing buildings, and also to
recommend for the most appropriate application that must be adopt to make the
refurbishment works. Various physical aspects of building investigation which including,
types of building system, looking for evidence of material deterioration from weathering,
and identifying combination of movement, defects, deterioration and load effect. For an
example in our case study, for Ipoh Railway Station, the building is basically a two
storey building with a mezzanine floor predominantly brick columns and load bearing
walls supporting plate girder floor beams with mass filled concrete floor slabs. The
structure supports three major domes and six smaller domes, where it being the
architectural features

Picture 3.5: Ipoh Railway Station before and after refurbishment work

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3.4.1 Building Defects

a) Roof Area
The timber purlin secondary rafter and minor purlin in the gable end and hop
gable are in poor condition and extensively rotted. Where these rot areas are
concentrated on the south and eastern side of the roof.
b) Domes
There are indications of dilapidations of brickworks infill panels to the steel
framework.
c) Tunnels and Platforms
There are few cracks and dislodged ceramic tiles in the tunnels. Tunnels 2 is
subject to flooding due to the removal of the water pump at the old existing
waiting room access stairs sump

3.4.2 Methods and Techniques used against Ipoh Railway Station

a) Roofs
There two possible courses of action for the restoration on the roof. Where it
divided into complete replacement or removal partial replacement of the roof. It is
estimated that removal of the existing roof tiles would result in only 50% of the
original tiles that could be re-used in the new roof. Matching the old tiles with
new may prove difficult. Then, they recommended that the existing tiles be used
on the front side of the building with newer tiles being placed at the rear.
Method
i) Remove all roof tiles progressively exposing two trusses at a time
ii) Store all intact tiles and discard broken ones
iii) Remove all rotted timber and replace with treated hard wood equivalent grade
material.
iv) On removal and replacement of existing timber all timber members are to be
retreated with fungal inhibitor.
v) Fix new tiles to manufacturer’s specification and recommendation

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 vi) The provision of aluminium wrap covering to the purlins prior to the installation
of the roof tiles is not recommended
vii) The tiling system if installed correctly should provide adequate water proofing
and allows venting so as to keep the roof temperature down.
viii) On completion of the works, the tiles are to be painted with an anti- fungal
polymer clear paint or glaze. This treatment will depend on manufacturer’s
recommendation
b) Domes

As this structure is steel supported, the overall structural stability of the dome is
not in question. However, there are indications of dilapidation of brickwork infill
panels to the steel framework. We would, therefore, recommend that our repairs
are concentrated towards the repair and reinstatement of the integrity of these
infill panels.

Method

i) Construct temporary works within the main dome such that propping and easy
access can be made to the inside of the dome.
ii) Hack and remove material plaster exposing brickwork.
iii) Partial remove mortar bedding and re-point
iv) Apply proprietary bonding agents together with polyfibre mesh and re-plaster.
v) Exterior- remove bitumen coatings to expose original concrete finishes
vi) Cut out, mark and chase 15mm deep V-channel at mirror cracking locations those
corresponding to the backing steel work.
vii) Prepare surface and apply low pressure epoxy with suitable filler such that the
epoxy strength is reduced to a comparable strength of the brickwork.
viii) Apply metal cladding to the exterior dome cut and lapped weather wise.
Depending on the material used either copper, titanium or shining zinc a backing
material may be required.

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 c) Tunnels and Platform
The recommendations are specifically aimed at tunnel 2 at southern. Most and
presently the abandoned tunnel.
Method
i) Pump dry and clean out mud and debris from tunnel.
ii) Install new automatic sub pump similar to the present or better than the pump
used in the present active tunnel.
iii) Given the length of the tunnel, open and re-establish air vents to the far side of
another platforms
iv) Re-grout existing walls and roof tiles, replacing cracked tiles where possible and
clean to restore glaze finish.
v) Rewire internal lighting and re-fix to the enclosing grills
vi) Undertake temporary hoarding and enclosure of the access at the existing waiting
room
vii) Break out and re-establish staircase to KTM security office subject to
architectural and design requirement.

3.5 Comparison between restoration and renovation

Restoration Renovation
The aim of restoration is to reinstates the The aim of renovation is the upgrading and
structural and architectural parts of existing repairing the existing building.
building.
Restoration works is to maintain the Renovation works is related to the changes
original structure without any changes of of structure in term of adding or removing
material used. For example, if the material the structure or the usage of new material.
is timber, therefore the replacement For example, the concrete structure
material should be timber upgrading to the steel structure.

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The restoration works is depending on the The renovation works is depending on the
condition of the structures and elements of demand of the owner. For example, if the
the building. If there has any damages to owner wants to renovate some space in the
the material, therefore the restoration works building therefore the renovation works
should be implemented. should be implemented.
The restoration is sustaining the historical The renovation had been changes the
building that had been damaged. function of the building by upgrading the
external or internal structure. For example,
office to the hostel by adding the partition
wall in the building.

3.6 Similarities of Restoration and Renovation

1. The types of building

Both refurbishment works had been conducted to the existing building. There do
not involving the new development of building.
2. Aesthetic value
Both refurbishment works had same function which is to achieve the aesthetic
value to the existing building.
3. Safety measures.
Both refurbishment works had prior the safety measures during conducting the
works.
4. Interdependencies
Both refurbishment are needed each other. For example, in restoration there also
have repairing work. Moreover, in renovation they also have reinstates the
existing structure.

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 5. Work programme
Both refurbishment works need work programme (construction planned) before
conducted the construction works to avoid any problems such as overrun cost and
time.

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion refurbishment have (7) seven categories which are repair,

rehabilitation, restoration, extension, renovation, retrofitting and modernisation. Every
each of them have different meanings and different functionalities. So, as our case study
we had chosen restoration and renovation in order to complete our task. Where the two
out of seven categories that we choose are fall in two different categories which are the
purposed is to maintain the structural of the building without change the function and
original material such as the texture, grade and types.

Vice versa, where renovation is the process of an upgrading and repairing an old
building to improve the building performance, which may include changing the function
of the building along. However, instead of the differentiation among them, it also have
the similarities where in the other event they still need between each other. It means one
types of refurbishment sometimes can consolidate to another one in order to complete
certain project.

Not more than that, to complete refurbishment work, the first thing that must be
understand is the application in refurbishment types. To make refurbishment works must
choose the suitable applications in order to comply with the selected building. After make
the decision, the owners of the building or other stakeholders can proceed to next stage
until it approved. Then they should apply the method and techniques that are provide
during the refurbishment works as a guidelines to complete the works.

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 REFERENCES

Ali, A. S. (2010). Design information in managing refurbishment projects. International

Journal of the Physical Sciences, 1-6.

Nur Khairul Faizah Binti Mustafa. (2007). Building Refurbishment Project In Malaysia.
Johor Bahru: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Siti Norlizaiha, A. G. (2000). THE RESTORATION OF SUFFOLK HOUSE, PENANG,

MALAYSIA. Master thesis.

A Ghafar Ahmad, (2004). "Understanding Common Building Defects: The Dilapidation

Survey Report". Majalah Arkitek, First Quarter 2004, Volume 16, Issue 1, pg. 19-
21

Ismail, R (2008). Managing Refurbishment Projects, UPENA, Malaysia

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