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    Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) Working Principle & Block Diagram

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    ishwar
    Digital storage oscilloscopes work by digitizing input signals through analog-to-digital conversion and storing the data in memory. They sample input signals at periodic intervals, digitize the samples, and store them for later reconstruction and display on a CRT. To accurately capture signals, the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest input frequency to avoid aliasing. Interpolation is used to reconstruct waveforms by connecting the digitized sample points.

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    Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) Working Principle & Block Diagram

    Uploaded by

    ishwar
    241 views9 pages
    Digital storage oscilloscopes work by digitizing input signals through analog-to-digital conversion and storing the data in memory. They sample input signals at periodic intervals, digitize the samples, and store them for later reconstruction and display on a CRT. To accurately capture signals, the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest input frequency to avoid aliasing. Interpolation is used to reconstruct waveforms by connecting the digitized sample points.

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    Digital storage oscilloscopes work by digitizing input signals through analog-to-digital conversion and storing the data in memory. They sample input signals at periodic intervals, digitize the samples, and store them for later reconstruction and display on a CRT. To accurately capture signals, the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest input frequency to avoid aliasing. Interpolation is used to reconstruct waveforms by connecting the digitized sample points.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    241 views9 pages

    Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) Working Principle & Block Diagram

    Uploaded by

    ishwar
    Digital storage oscilloscopes work by digitizing input signals through analog-to-digital conversion and storing the data in memory. They sample input signals at periodic intervals, digitize the samples, and store them for later reconstruction and display on a CRT. To accurately capture signals, the sampling rate must be at least twice the highest input frequency to avoid aliasing. Interpolation is used to reconstruct waveforms by connecting the digitized sample points.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    https://www.electricalengineeringinfo.

    com/2016/11/dso-construction-digital-storage-oscilloscope-
    working-principle-operation-block-diagram.html
    lectricalengineeringinfo.com/2016/11/dso-construction-digital-storage-
    oscilloscope-working-principle-operation-block-diagram.html
    https://www.electricalengineeringinfo.com/2016/11/dso-construction-digital-storage-oscilloscope-
    working-principle-operation-block-diagram.html

    Digital Storage Oscilloscope(DSO)


    Working Principle & Block diagram

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                   The availability of electronic circuitry at low cost has enabled many digital
    features to be added to analog oscilloscopes.We discuss Digital Storage
    Oscilloscope(DSO) working principle & block diagram.Examples of these are :
    generation of a trigger after an elapsed time or after a count of a number of
    pulses ; digital display of the parameters; integral digital voltmeter and counter :
    remote control.However, the basic oscilloscope still remains analog, and uses an
    analog storage CRT, as described in  the article Construction of cathode ray
    oscilloscope(CRO).

    Digital Storage Oscilloscope(DSO) Working Principle:

                    A digital storage oscilloscope digitises the input signal, so that all


    subsequent signals are digital.A conventional CRT is used, and storage occurs in
    electronic digital memory.The figure below shows a constructional block
    diagram of a basic digital storage oscilloscope.The input signal is digitised and
    stored in memory in digital form. In this state it is capable of being analysed to
    produce a variety of different information.To view the display on the CRT the data
    from memory is again constructed in analog form.
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                   Digitising occurs by taking a sample of the input waveform at periodic


    intervals. In order to ensure that no information is lost, sampling theory states that
    the sampling rate must be at least twice as fast as the highest frequency in the
    input signal. If this is not done then aliasing will result, as shown in the figure below
    .

                  This requirement for a high sampling rate means that the digitiser, which
    is an analog to digital converter, must have a fast conversion rate. This usually
    requires expensive flash analog to digital converters, whose resolution decreases as
    the sampling rate is increased. t is for this reason that the bandwidth and resolution
    of a digital storage oscilloscope(dso) is usually limited by its analog to digital
    converter.
                   One method of overcoming the need for a high performance converter is
    to use an analog store, as in the figure below.The input signals are sampled, and
    these are stored in an analog shift register.They can then be read out at a much
    slower rate to the analog to digital converter, and the results stored in a digital
    store.

              This method allows operation at up to 100 mega samples per second, and
    has the advantage that a low cost analog to digital converter can be used, whose
    resolution does not decrease as the sampling rate is changed.The disadvantage is
    that the oscilloscope cannot accept data during the digitising period, so it has a
    blind spot. At low sweep speed operations, it is usual to switch out the analog
    memory, feeding the analog to digital converter in real time. 
            

              
          Many different input channels are used with digital storage
    oscilloscopes.However if all these channels share a common store, through a
    multiplexer, then the memory available to each channel is reduced.Digital storage
    oscilloscopes with up to 40 channels are commercially obtainable, with a storage
    capability of 25000 dots.Several oscilloscopes also have floppy disc storage
    capability to allow non volatile storage of waveforms, which can later be recalled
    into the oscilloscope and manipulated.

    Waveform Reconstruction of Digital Storage


    Oscilloscope(DSO):
                Although the input signal may be sampled at greater than twice the highest
    signal frequency, aliasing can still result when the output is present as a series of
    dots, corresponding to the sampled values.This is illustrated in the figure(a) below,
    where the user's mind connects together the dots which are physically closest to
    each other, rather than those which are closest on the time scale.

                    In the illustration of the figure(a), it is difficult to visualise the final


    waveform.And digital storage oscilloscopes generally have the facility to
    interpolate between the dots, if required by the user.Two techniques are used, 
               

                          (i)Linear interpolation  

                          (ii)Sinusoidal interpolation 

                  

                 In linear interpolation, shown in the figure(b) a straight line is used to


    connect the dots together.This works well on a pulsed or square waveform, but not
    on a sinusoidal wave, the figure(c) shows that sinusoidal interpolation gives a much
    better fit for sine waves, although it is not suitable for pulse or square waves.

                  Another practical block diagram of digital storage


    oscilloscope(dso) is shown in the figure below. 
               Another problem with the sampling technique used in digital storage
    oscilloscopes is that it can miss short term transient, or 'glitches', which occur in
    between the sample points. To overcome this problem envelope mode oscilloscopes
    may be used. These have special logic circuitry which causes the sample and
    digitising circuitry to run at a high speed, independent of the setting of the display
    time. 

                 At each sample the value is compared with the previous stored sample,
    and the higher tor lower) value is stored. This is continued for the screen interval,
    to that for that interval the highest and lowest points are always stored.For
    example, suppose that an oscilloscope digitises every 2 ms, at a given sweep
    speed. If a 0.1 ms transient were to occur there is a high probability that a
    conventional digital storage oscilloscope would miss it. 

                    In an envelope mode digital storage oscilloscopes, the input would be


    sampled, say, every 200 ns, but only the highest, or lowest, values that occur
    within a 2 ms window would be stored in memory. Therefore the transient would be
    recorded. The sample rate of the oscilloscope is controlled by the  time setting of
    the oscilloscope,but the analog to digital converter runs very faster.

    Block Diagram of digital storage


    oscilloscope(DSO):
    Conclusion:

              Now here we have discussed the entire concept of Digital Storage


    Oscilloscope (DSO) block diagram and working principle. Soon I will be
    writing an article on Digital Storage Oscilloscope(DSO) functions, applications and
    its advantages. You can download this article as pdf, ppt.

    https://circuitglobe.com/digital-storage-oscilloscope.html

    Working Principle of Digital Storage Oscilloscope


    The digital oscilloscope digitises and stores the input signal. This can be
    done by the use of CRT (Cathode ray tube) and digital memory. The block
    diagram of the basic digital oscilloscope is shown in the figure below. The
    digitisation can be done by taking the sample input signals at periodic
    waveforms.
    The maximum frequency of the signal which is measured by the digital
    oscilloscope depends on the two factors. Theses factors are the

    1. Sampling rate
    2. Nature of converter.

    Sampling Rate – For safe analysis of input signal the sampling theory is
    used. The sampling theory states that the sampling rate of the signal must
    be twice as fast as the highest frequency of the input signal. The sampling
    rate means analogue to digital converter has a high fast conversion rate.

    Converter – The converter uses the expensive flash whose resolution


    decreases with the increases of a sampling rate. Because of the sampling
    rate, the bandwidth and resolution of the oscilloscope are limited.

    The need of the analogue to digital signal converters can also be overcome
    by using the shift register. The input signal is sampled and stored in the shift
    register. From the shift register, the signal is slowly read out and stored in
    the digital form. This method reduces the cost of the converter and operates
    up to 100 megasample per second.

    The only disadvantage of the digital oscilloscope is that it does not accept
    the data during digitisation, so it had a blind spot at that time.

    Waveform Reconstruction
    For visualising the final wave, the oscilloscopes use the technique of inter-
    polarization. The inter-polarization is the process of creating the new data
    points with the help of known variable data points. Linear interpolation and
    sinusoidal interpolation are the two processes of connecting the points
    together.

    In interpolation, the lines are used for connecting the dot together. Linear
    interpolation is also used for creating the pulsed or square waveform. For
    sine waveform, the sinusoidal interpolation is utilised in the oscilloscope.

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