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Generations of Programming Language

The document discusses the five generations of programming languages: 1) First generation languages are machine languages that program at the lowest level of abstraction. 2) Second generation languages use assembly languages with mnemonics instead of binary. 3) Third generation languages are high-level languages that allow programmers to focus on logic without considering computer architecture. 4) Fourth generation languages further increase productivity by reducing time and effort needed for application development. 5) Fifth generation languages focus on artificial intelligence and neural networks.

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1K views

Generations of Programming Language

The document discusses the five generations of programming languages: 1) First generation languages are machine languages that program at the lowest level of abstraction. 2) Second generation languages use assembly languages with mnemonics instead of binary. 3) Third generation languages are high-level languages that allow programmers to focus on logic without considering computer architecture. 4) Fourth generation languages further increase productivity by reducing time and effort needed for application development. 5) Fifth generation languages focus on artificial intelligence and neural networks.

Uploaded by

MaPy TV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Generations of programming language

Programming languages have been developed over the year in a phased manner.


Each phase of developed has made the programming language more user-
friendly, easier to use and more powerful. Each phase of improved made in the
development of the programming languages can be referred to as a generation.
The programming language in terms of their performance reliability and
robustness can be grouped into five different generations,

1. First generation languages (1GL)


2. Second generation languages (2GL)
3. Third generation languages (3GL)
4. Fourth generation languages (4GL)
5. Fifth generation languages (5GL)

1. First Generation Language (Machine language)


The first generation programming language is also called low-level programming
language because they were used to program the computer system at a very low
level of abstraction. i.e. at the machine level. The machine language also referred
to as the native language of the computer system is the first generation
programming language. In the machine language, a programmer only deals with
a binary number.

Advantages of first generation language

 They are translation free and can be directly executed by the computers.
 The programs written in these languages are executed very speedily and
efficiently by the CPU of the computer system.
 The programs written in these languages utilize the memory in an efficient
manner because it is possible to keep track of each bit of data.

2. Second Generation language (Assembly Language)


The second generation programming language also belongs to the category of
low-level- programming language. The second generation language comprises
assembly languages that use the concept of mnemonics for the writing program.
In the assembly language, symbolic names are used to represent the opcode and
the operand part of the instruction.

Advantages of second generation language

 It is easy to develop understand and modify the program developed in


these languages are compared to those developed in the first generation
programming language.
 The programs written in these languages are less prone to errors and
therefore can be maintained with a great case.

3. Third Generation languages (High-Level Languages)


The third generation programming languages were designed to overcome the
various limitations of the first and second generation programming languages.
The languages of the third and later generation are considered as a high-level
language because they enable the programmer to concentrate only on the logic
of the programs without considering the internal architecture of the computer
system.

Advantages of third generation programming language

 It is easy to develop, learn and understand the program.


 As the program written in these languages are less prone to errors they are
easy to maintain.
 The program written in these languages can be developed in very less time
as compared to the first and second generation language.

Examples: FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, C++, C

4. Fourth generation language (Very High-level


Languages)
The languages of this generation were considered as very high-level
programming languages required a lot of time and effort that affected the
productivity of a programmer. The fourth generation programming languages
were designed and developed to reduce the time, cost and effort needed to
develop different types of software applications.
Advantages of fourth generation languages

 These programming languages allow the efficient use of data by


implementing the various database.
 They require less time, cost and effort to develop different types of
software applications.
 The program developed in these languages are highly portable as
compared to the programs developed in the languages of other
generation.

Examples: SOL, CSS, coldfusion

5. Fifth generation language (Artificial Intelligence


Language)
The programming languages of this generation mainly focus on constraint
programming. The major fields in which the fifth generation programming
language are employed are Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks

Advantages of fifth generation languages

 These languages can be used to query the database in a fast and efficient
manner.
 In this generation of language, the user can communicate with the
computer system in a simple and an easy manner.

Examples: mercury, prolog, OPS5

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