Step Five

“Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another

human being the exact nature of our wrongs.”

ALL of A.A.’s Twelve Steps ask us to go contrary to our

natural desires … they all deflate our egos. When it comes
to ego deflation, few Steps are harder to take than Five.
But scarcely any Step is more necessary to longtime sobri-
ety and peace of mind than this one.
A.A. experience has taught us we cannot live alone with
our pressing problems and the character defects which
cause or aggravate them. If we have swept the searchlight
of Step Four back and forth over our careers, and it has
revealed in stark relief those experiences we’d rather not
remember, if we have come to know how wrong thinking
and action have hurt us and others, then the need to quit
living by ourselves with those tormenting ghosts of yester-
day gets more urgent than ever. We have to talk to some-
body about them.
So intense, though, is our fear and reluctance to do this,
that many A.A.’s at first try to bypass Step Five. We search
for an easier way—which usually consists of the general
and fairly painless admission that when drinking we were
sometimes bad actors. Then, for good measure, we add
dramatic descriptions of that part of our drinking behav-
ior which our friends probably know about anyhow.
But of the things which really bother and burn us, we

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say nothing. Certain distressing or humiliating memories,

we tell ourselves, ought not be shared with anyone. These
will remain our secret. Not a soul must ever know. We hope
they’ll go to the grave with us.
Yet if A.A.’s experience means anything at all, this is not
only unwise, but is actually a perilous resolve. Few muddled
attitudes have caused us more trouble than holding back on
Step Five. Some people are unable to stay sober at all; oth-
ers will relapse periodically until they really clean house.
Even A.A. oldtimers, sober for years, often pay dearly for
skimping this Step. They will tell how they tried to car-
ry the load alone; how much they suffered of irritability,
anxiety, remorse, and depression; and how, unconsciously
seeking relief, they would sometimes accuse even their best
friends of the very character defects they themselves were
trying to conceal. They always discovered that relief never
came by confessing the sins of other people. Everybody
had to confess his own.
This practice of admitting one’s defects to another per-
son is, of course, very ancient. It has been validated in
every century, and it characterizes the lives of all spiritu-
ally centered and truly religious people. But today religion
is by no means the sole advocate of this saving principle.
Psychiatrists and psychologists point out the deep need ev-
ery human being has for practical insight and knowledge
of his own personality flaws and for a discussion of them
with an understanding and trustworthy person. So far as
alcoholics are concerned, A.A. would go even further.
Most of us would declare that without a fearless admis-
sion of our defects to another human being we could not
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stay sober. It seems plain that the grace of God will not
enter to expel our destructive obsessions until we are will-
ing to try this.
What are we likely to receive from Step Five? For one
thing, we shall get rid of that terrible sense of isolation
we’ve always had. Almost without exception, alcoholics
are tortured by loneliness. Even before our drinking got
bad and people began to cut us off, nearly all of us suf-
fered the feeling that we didn’t quite belong. Either we
were shy, and dared not draw near others, or we were apt
to be noisy good fellows craving attention and companion-
ship, but never getting it—at least to our way of thinking.
There was always that mysterious barrier we could neither
surmount nor understand. It was as if we were actors on
a stage, suddenly realizing that we did not know a single
line of our parts. That’s one reason we loved alcohol too
well. It did let us act extemporaneously. But even Bacchus
boomeranged on us; we were finally struck down and left
in terrified loneliness.
When we reached A.A., and for the first time in our lives
stood among people who seemed to understand, the sense
of belonging was tremendously exciting. We thought the
isolation problem had been solved. But we soon discovered
that while we weren’t alone any more in a social sense, we
still suffered many of the old pangs of anxious apartness.
Until we had talked with complete candor of our conflicts,
and had listened to someone else do the same thing, we still
didn’t belong. Step Five was the answer. It was the begin-
ning of true kinship with man and God.
This vital Step was also the means by which we began to
58 STEP FIVE

get the feeling that we could be forgiven, no matter what

we had thought or done. Often it was while working on
this Step with our sponsors or spiritual advisers that we
first felt truly able to forgive others, no matter how deep-
ly we felt they had wronged us. Our moral inventory had
persuaded us that all-round forgiveness was desirable, but
it was only when we resolutely tackled Step Five that we
inwardly knew we’d be able to receive forgiveness and give
it, too.
Another great dividend we may expect from confiding
our defects to another human being is humility—a word
often misunderstood. To those who have made progress in
A.A., it amounts to a clear recognition of what and who we
really are, followed by a sincere attempt to become what we
could be. Therefore, our first practical move toward humil-
ity must consist of recognizing our deficiencies. No defect
can be corrected unless we clearly see what it is. But we shall
have to do more than see. The objective look at ourselves we
achieved in Step Four was, after all, only a look. All of us
saw, for example, that we lacked honesty and tolerance, that
we were beset at times by attacks of self-pity or delusions of
personal grandeur. But while this was a humiliating experi-
ence, it didn’t necessarily mean that we had yet acquired
much actual humility. Though now recognized, our defects
were still there. Something had to be done about them. And
we soon found that we could not wish or will them away
by ourselves.
More realism and therefore more honesty about our-
selves are the great gains we make under the influence of
Step Five. As we took inventory, we began to suspect how
 STEP FIVE 59

much trouble self-delusion had been causing us. This had

brought a disturbing reflection. If all our lives we had more
or less fooled ourselves, how could we now be so sure that
we weren’t still self-deceived? How could we be certain that
we had made a true catalog of our defects and had really
admitted them, even to ourselves? Because we were still
bothered by fear, self-pity, and hurt feelings, it was prob-
able we couldn’t appraise ourselves fairly at all. Too much
guilt and remorse might cause us to dramatize and exag-
gerate our shortcomings. Or anger and hurt pride might be
the smoke screen under which we were hiding some of our
defects while we blamed others for them. Possibly, too, we
were still handicapped by many liabilities, great and small,
we never knew we had.
Hence it was most evident that a solitary self-appraisal, and
the admission of our defects based upon that alone, wouldn’t be
nearly enough. We’d have to have outside help if we were sure-
ly to know and admit the truth about ourselves—the help of
God and another human being. Only by discussing ourselves,
holding back nothing, only by being willing to take advice and
accept direction could we set foot on the road to straight think-
ing, solid honesty, and genuine humility.
Yet many of us still hung back. We said, “Why can’t
‘God as we understand Him’ tell us where we are astray? If
the Creator gave us our lives in the first place, then He must
know in every detail where we have since gone wrong. Why
don’t we make our admissions to Him directly? Why do we
need to bring anyone else into this?”
At this stage, the difficulties of trying to deal rightly
with God by ourselves are twofold. Though we may at first
60 STEP FIVE

be startled to realize that God knows all about us, we are

apt to get used to that quite quickly. Somehow, being alone
with God doesn’t seem as embarrassing as facing up to an-
other person. Until we actually sit down and talk aloud
about what we have so long hidden, our willingness to
clean house is still largely theoretical. When we are honest
with another person, it confirms that we have been honest
with ourselves and with God.
The second difficulty is this: what comes to us alone may
be garbled by our own rationalization and wishful thinking.
The benefit of talking to another person is that we can get
his direct comment and counsel on our situation, and there
can be no doubt in our minds what that advice is. Going
it alone in spiritual matters is dangerous. How many times
have we heard well-intentioned people claim the guidance
of God when it was all too plain that they were sorely mis-
taken. Lacking both practice and humility, they had delud-
ed themselves and were able to justify the most arrant non-
sense on the ground that this was what God had told them.
It is worth noting that people of very high spiritual devel-
opment almost always insist on checking with friends or
spiritual advisers the guidance they feel they have received
from God. Surely, then, a novice ought not lay himself open
to the chance of making foolish, perhaps tragic, blunders in
this fashion. While the comment or advice of others may be
by no means infallible, it is likely to be far more specific
than any direct guidance we may receive while we are still so
inexperienced in establishing contact with a Power greater
than ourselves.
Our next problem will be to discover the person in whom
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we are to confide. Here we ought to take much care, remem-

bering that prudence is a virtue which carries a high rating.
Perhaps we shall need to share with this person facts about
ourselves which no others ought to know. We shall want
to speak with someone who is experienced, who not only
has stayed dry but has been able to surmount other serious
difficulties. Difficulties, perhaps, like our own. This person
may turn out to be one’s sponsor, but not necessarily so. If
you have developed a high confidence in him, and his tem-
perament and problems are close to your own, then such a
choice will be good. Besides, your sponsor already has the
advantage of knowing something about your case.
Perhaps, though, your relation to him is such that you
would care to reveal only a part of your story. If this is
the situation, by all means do so, for you ought to make
a beginning as soon as you can. It may turn out, however,
that you’ll choose someone else for the more difficult and
deeper revelations. This individual may be entirely outside
of A.A. —for example, your clergyman or your doctor. For
some of us, a complete stranger may prove the best bet.
The real tests of the situation are your own willingness
to confide and your full confidence in the one with whom
you share your first accurate self-survey. Even when you’ve
found the person, it frequently takes great resolution to ap-
proach him or her. No one ought to say the A.A. program
requires no willpower; here is one place you may require
all you’ve got. Happily, though, the chances are that you
will be in for a very pleasant surprise. When your mission
is carefully explained, and it is seen by the recipient of your
confidence how helpful he can really be, the conversation
62 STEP FIVE

will start easily and will soon become eager. Before long,
your listener may well tell a story or two about himself
which will place you even more at ease. Provided you hold
back nothing, your sense of relief will mount from min-
ute to minute. The dammed-up emotions of years break
out of their confinement, and miraculously vanish as soon
as they are exposed. As the pain subsides, a healing tran-
quillity takes its place. And when humility and serenity are
so combined, something else of great moment is apt to
occur. Many an A.A., once agnostic or atheistic, tells us
that it was during this stage of Step Five that he first ac-
tually felt the presence of God. And even those who had
faith already often become conscious of God as they never
were before.
This feeling of being at one with God and man, this
emerging from isolation through the open and honest shar-
ing of our terrible burden of guilt, brings us to a resting
place where we may prepare ourselves for the following
Steps toward a full and meaningful sobriety.