2017-18 100 &

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Class 11 T
By E ran culty
-JE Fa r
IIT enior emie .
S fP r es
o titut
Ins

MATHEMATICS
FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
SECOND
EDITION

Exhaustive Theory
(Now Revised)

Formula Sheet
9000+ Problems
based on latest JEE pattern

2500 + 1000 (New) Problems

of previous 35 years of
AIEEE (JEE Main) and IIT-JEE (JEE Adv)

5000+Illustrations and Solved Examples

Detailed Solutions
of all problems available

Topic Covered Plancess Concepts

Tips & Tricks, Facts, Notes, Misconceptions,
Hyperbola Key Take Aways, Problem Solving Tactics

PlancEssential
Questions recommended for revision
 12. HYPERBOLA

1. INTRODUCTION
A hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves in the plane in such a way that Z
the ratio of its distance from a fixed point in the same plane to its distance
X’ P
from a fixed line is always constant which is always greater than unity.
M
The fixed point is called the focus, the fixed line is called the directrix. The
constant ratio is generally denoted by e and is known as the eccentricity of the Directrix
hyperbola. A hyperbola can also be defined as the locus of a point such that S (focus)
the absolute value of the difference of the distances from the two fixed points Z’
(foci) is constant. If S is the focus, ZZ′ is the directrix and P is any point on the
hyperbola as show in figure. Figure 12.1

SP
Then by definition, we have = e (e > 1).
PM
Note: The general equation of a conic can be taken as ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =0
This equation represents a hyperbola if it is non-degenerate (i.e. eq. cannot be written into two linear factors)

 a h g
 
∆ ≠ 0, h2 > ab. Where  ∆ = h b f 
 g f c 


PLANCESS CONCEPTS

1. T he general equation ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =0 can be written in matrix form as
 a h g  x 
a h   x    
 x y     + 2gx + 2fy + c =0 and 
 x y 1  h b f   y  = 0

h b  y
g f c  1 
  
Degeneracy condition depends on the determinant of the 3x3 matrix and the type of conic depends on
the determinant of the 2x2 matrix.
2. Also the equation can be taken as the intersection of z =ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 and the plane
z= − ( 2gx + 2fy + c )
Vaibhav Gupta (JEE 2009, AIR 54)
1 2 . 2 | Hyperbola

2. STANDARD EQUATION OF HYPERBOLA

Let the center O of the hyperbola be at the origin O and the foci F1 and F2 be on the x-axis.
The coordinates of foci F1 and F2 are (–c, 0) and (c, 0).
By the definition of hyperbola,
Distance between a point P and focus F1 – Distance between P and focus F2 = constant (say 2a)

PF1 – PF2 = 2a; (x + c)2 + (y − 0)2 − (x − c)2 + (y − 0)2 = 2a

⇒ (x + c)2 + (y)2 = 2a + (x − c)2 + (y)2

Squaring both the sides, we get (x + c)2 + y2 = 4a2 + 2(2a). (x − c)2 + (y)2 + (x – c)2 + y2

⇒ x2 + 2cx + c2 + y2 = 4a2 + 4a (x − c)2 + (y)2 + x2 – 2cx + c2 + y2

⇒ 4cx = 4a2 + 4a (x − c)2 + (y)2 ⇒ cx = a2 + a . (x − c)2 + (y)2 ⇒ cx – a2 = a (x − c)2 + (y)2

Squaring again, we get 
Y
c2x2 – 2a2cx + a4 = a2[(x – c)2 + y2] P(x,y)

c2x2 – 2a2cx + a4 = a2[x2 – 2cx + c2 + y2] = a2x2 – 2a2cx + a2c2 + a2y2

X’ X
O
c2x2 –a2x2 – a2y2 = a2c2 – a4 F1(-c,0) F2(c,0)
x2 y2
⇒ (c2 – a2)x2 – a2y2 = a2(c2 – a2) ⇒ − =1 Y’
a2 c2 − a2
x2 y2 Figure 12.2
⇒ − = 1 (taking b2 = c2 – a2)
a2 b2
x2 y2
Hence, any point P(x, y) on the hyperbola satisfies the equation − =1
a2 b2

3. TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERBOLA

(a) Focus: The two fixed points are called the foci of the hyperbola and are denoted by F1 and F2. The distance
between the two foci F1 and F2 is denoted by 2c.

2c
F1 F2
Focus Focus

Figure 12.3

(b) Centre: The midpoint of the line joining the foci is called the center of the hyperbola.

Center

Figure 12.4
 M a them a ti cs | 12.3

(c) Transverse-Axis: The line through the foci is called the transverse axis. Length of the transverse axis is 2a.

Transverse Axis

2a

Figure 12.5

(d) Conjugate-Axis: The line segment through the center and perpendicular to the transverse axis is called the
conjugate axis. Length of the conjugate axis is 2b.

Conjugate Axis
2b

Figure 12.6

(e) Vertices: The points at which the hyperbola intersects the transverse axis are called the vertices of the
hyperbola. The distance between the two vertices is denoted by 2a.

Vertices

Figure 12.7

c
(f) Eccentricity: Eccentricity of the hyperbola is defined as and it is denoted by e. And e is always greater than
1 since c is greater than 1. a

a2
(g) Directrix: Directrix is a line perpendicular to the transverse axis and cuts it at a distance of from the centre.
c
a2 a2
i.e. x=± or y=±
c c

a2 a2
a
2 x= x=
y= c c
c 2 O Directrix
a O
y=
c Directrix

Figure 12.8
1 2 . 4 | Hyperbola

(h) L ength of The Latus Rectum: The Latus rectum of a hyperbola is a line segment perpendicular to the
transverse axis and passing through any of the foci and whose end points lie on the hyperbola. Let the length
of LF be  . Then, the coordinates of L are (c,  )
L(c,)
x2 y 2
Since, L lies on hyperbola − = 1.
a2 b2

latus rectum
c2 2
Therefore, we have − =1 O
a2 b2
 b2  L’
2 c2 c2 − a2 b4 b2
⇒ − −1 = ⇒  =b   =
2 2
⇒ Figure 12.9
b2 a2 a2  a2  a2 a
 
b2 b2 2b2
Latus rectum LL′ = LF + L′F = + =
a a a
x2 y 2
(i) Focal Distance of a Point: Let P(x, y) be any point on the hyperbola − = 1 as shown in figure. Then by
definition, a2 b2

We have SP = e.PM and S¢P = e.PM′

P(x,y)
 a O
⇒ SP = e.NK = e (CN – CK) = e  x −  = ex – a and S¢P = e(NK′)
 e F1 F2
 a
= e(CN + CK′) = e  x −  = ex + a
 e
⇒ S¢P – SP = (ex + a) – (ex – a) = 2a = length of transverse axis Figure 12.10

Illustration 1: Find the equation of the hyperbola, where the foci are (±3, 0) and the vertices are (±2, 0).
 (JEE MAIN)
Sol: Use the relation c2 = a2 + b2, to find the value of b and hence the
equation of the hyperbola.
O
We have, foci = (±c, 0) = (±3, 0) ⇒ c = 3
F1 4 F2
and vertices (±a, 0) = (±2, 0)
a=2
But c2 = a2 + b2 ⇒ 9 = 4 + b2 ⇒ b2 = 9 – 4 = 5 ⇒ b2 = 5 Figure 12.11

Here, the foci and vertices lie on the x-axis, therefore the equation of the
hyperbola is of the form
x2 y2 x2 y 2
− = 1 ⇒ − =1
a2 b2 4 5

Illustration 2: Find the equation of the hyperbola, where the vertices are (0, ±5) and the (0,5)
foci are (0, ±8).  (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Similar to the previous question.

We have, vertices (0, ±a) = (0, ±5) ⇒
a = 5
foci (0, ±c) = (0, ±8) ⇒ c=8
But, we know that c2 = a2 + b2 ⇒ 64 = 25 + b2
⇒ b2 = 64 – 25 = 39 (0,-5)
Here, the foci and vertices lie on the y-axis, therefore the equation of
Figure 12.12
 M a them a ti cs | 12.5

y2 x2 y 2 x2
hyperbola is of the form − = 1. i.e., − =1
a2 b2 25 39
which is the required equation of the hyperbola.

Illustration 3: If circle c is a tangent circle to two fixed circles c1 and c2, then show that the locus of c is a hyperbola
with c1 and c2 as the foci. (JEE MAIN)

C1 C2

r1 r2

r r

C(h, a)

Figure 12.13

Sol: Refer to the definition of a hyperbola.

cc1 = r + r1; cc2 = r + r1
cc1 – cc2 = r1 – r2 = constant

Illustration 4: Find the equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is 2x + y = 1 and focus, (1, 2) and eccentricity 3 .
 (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Use the definition of the hyperbola to derive the equation.

Let P(x, y) be any point on the hyperbola. Draw PM perpendicular from P on the directrix.
They by definition SP = e PM 2
 2x + y − 1 
⇒ (SP) = e (PM) ⇒ (x – 1) + (y – 2) = 3 
2 2 2 2 2
 ⇒ 5(x2 – y2 – 2x – 4y + 5) = (4x2 + y2 + 1 + 4xy – 2y – 4x)
 4 +1 
⇒ 7x2 – 2y2 + 12x + 14y – 22 = 0
which is the required hyperbola.

Illustration 5: Find the equation of the hyperbola when the foci are at (± 3 5 , 0), and the latus rectum is of
length 8.  (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Use the formula for the length of the latus rectum to get a relation between a and b. Then use the foci and the
relation between a and b to get the equation of the hyperbola.
Here foci are at (± 3 5 , 0) ⇒ c= 3 5
2b2
Length of the latus rectum = =8
a
⇒ b2 = 4a … (i)
We know that
c2 = a2 + b2
F1 F2
O
(3 5)2 = a2 + 4a
(-3 5,0) 4 (3 5,0)
45 = a2 + 4a
a2 + 4a – 45 = 0
Figure 12.14
1 2 . 6 | Hyperbola

(a + 9)(a – 5) = 0
a = –9, a = 5 (a cannot be –ve)
Putting a = 5 in (i), we get
b2 = 5 × 4 = 20 ⇒ b2 = 20
Since, foci lie on the x-axis, therefore the equation of the hyperbola is of the form
x2 y2 x2 y 2
− = 1 i.e., − =1
a2 b2 25 20

⇒ 20x2 – 25y2 = 500 ⇒ 4x2 – 5y2 = 100

Which is the required equation of hyperbola.

Illustration 6: Find the equation of the hyperbola when the foci are at (0, ± 10 ), and passing through (2, 3)
 (JEE ADVANCED)
Sol: Start with the standard equation of a hyperbola and use the foci and the point (2 , 3) to find the equation.
Here, foci are at (0, ± 10 )
⇒ c= 10 Here the foci lie at the y-axis.
So the equation of the hyperbola is of the form
y2 x2
−= 1 … (i)
a2 b2
Point (ii, iii) lies on (i).

9 4 9 4 9 b2 + 4 9b2
So − = 1 ⇒ =1+ ⇒ = a2 =  … (ii)
a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 b2 + 4

We know that 
c2 = a2 + b2
9b2
⇒ 10 = + b2 
b2 + 4 (0, 10) F2

9b2 + b 4 + 4b2 (2,3)

⇒ 2
= 10
b +4

⇒ 10b2 + 40 = b4 + 13b2
⇒ b4 + 3b2 – 40 =0
⇒ (b2 + 8) (b2 – 5) = 0
⇒ b2 + 8 = 0, b2 – 5 = 0 F1
(0, 10)
⇒ b2 = –8 & b2 = 5 (b2 = –8 not possible)
⇒ b2 = 5 in (ii), we get Figure 12.15

9 ×5 45
a2 = = =5
5+4 9
Again putting a2 = 5 and b2 = 5 in (i), we get
y 2 x2
− = 1 ⇒ y2 – x2 = 5
5 5
Which is the required equation of the hyperbola.
 M a them a ti cs | 12.7

Illustration 7: An ellipse and hyperbola are confocal i.e., having same focus and conjugate axis of hyperbola &
1 1
minor axis of ellipse. If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of the hyperbola and ellipse then find + .
e1 e22
2

 (JEE ADVANCED)
Sol: Consider the standard equation of an ellipse and hyperbola by taking the
eccentricity as e1 and e2 respectively. Find the relation between the eccentricities
by using the condition that they have the same focus.
x2 y2 x2 y2
Let − 1 and
= + 1⇒
= ae1 = Ae2 and B = b 
a2 b2 A2 B2 e1 e2

⇒ B2 = b2 ⇒ A2(e22 – 1) = a2(1 – e1)

a2e12 1 1
∴ (e22 − 1) = a2(1 – e12) ∴ + =2
e22 e12 e22
Figure 12.16

Illustration 8: Find the equation of a hyperbola if the distance of one of its vertices from the foci are 3 and 1. Find
all the possible equations. (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Consider two cases when the major axis is parallel to the X – axis and the minor axis is parallel to the Y-axis
and vice versa.
Case I: ae – a = 1
ae + a = 3 A2 A1
⇒ e = 2 S2 S1
(-ae, 0) (ae, 0)
⇒ a = 1
⇒ b2 = 3
Figure 12.17
x2 y 2
Equation of hyperbola is − =1
1 3
Case II b(e – 1) = 1
b(e + 1) = 3
⇒ e = 2, b = 1, a2 = 3
y 2 x2
Equation of hyperbola is − 1
=
3 1

4. CONJUGATE HYPERBOLA
The hyperbola whose transverse and conjugate axes are respectively the
conjugate and transverse axis of a given hyperbola is called the conjugate B1
hyperbola of the given hyperbola. The hyperbola conjugate to the (0, b) A
A2
hyperbola 1
(-a, 0) (a, 0)
x2 y2 y2 x2 (0,-b)
− = 1 is
=1 −
a2 b2 a2 b2 B2
The eccentricity of the conjugate hyperbola is given by a2 = b2(e2 – 1)
2a2 Figure 12.18
and the length of the latus rectum is
b
Condition of similarity: Two hyperbolas are said to be similar if they have the same value of eccentricity.
Equilateral hyperbola: If a = b or L(T.A.) = L(C.A) then it is an equilateral or rectangular hyperbola.
1 2 . 8 | Hyperbola

5. PROPERTIES OF HYPERBOLA/CONJUGATE HYPERBOLA

x2 y 2 x2 y2
Equation of the Hyperbola − =1 − −1
=
a2 b 2 a2 b2

F1
y
A

x’ x x x’
A’ O A O
Figure F1 F2

y’ A’

Figure 12.19 F2

y’

Figure 12.20

Centre (0, 0) (0, 0)

Vertices (±a, 0) (0, ±b)

Transverse axis 2a 2b

Conjugate axis 2b 2a

Relation between a, b, c c2 = a2 + b2 c2 = a2 + b2

Foci (±c, 0) (0, ±c)

c c
Eccentricity e= e‘=
a b

Length of latus rectum

2b 2 2a2
a b

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

•• If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola then

1 1
+ 1
=
e12 e22
b2 a2
e12 = 1 + e22 = 1 +
a2 b2

1 1
∴ + =1
e12 e22
•• The foci of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola are CONCYCLIC and form vertices of square.
 M a them a ti cs | 12.9

(0,be) F3

(0, b)
F2 F1
(-ae,0) (ae,0)

F4
(0,-be)

Figure 12.21

Anvit Tawar (JEE 2009, AIR 9)

6. AUXILIARY CIRCLE
A circle described on the transverse axis as diameter is an auxiliary circle and its equation is x2 + y2 = a2
Any point of the hyperbola is P ≡ (a sec θ, b tan θ)
P, Q are called corresponding point and θ is eccentric angle of P.

P(a sec, b tan

Q
a
 N
(-a,0) (a,0)

2 2 2
x +y =a

Figure 12.22

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

1. If O ∈ (0, π/2), P lies on upper right branch.

2. If O ∈ (π/2, π), P lies on upper left branch.
3. If O ∈ (π, 3π/2), P lies on lower left branch.
4. If O ∈ (3π/2, 2π), P lies on lower right branch.
Vaibhav Krishnan (JEE 2009, AIR 22)

7. PARAMETRIC COORDINATES
x2 y2
Let P(x, y) be any point on the hyperbola = 1. Draw PL perpendicular from P on OX and then a tangent
−
a2 b2
LM from L to the circle described on A′A as diameter.
1 2 . 1 0 | Hyperbola

Then, x = CL = CM sec θ = a sec θ

x2 y2
Putting x = a sec θ in − = 1, we obtain y = b tan θ
a2 b2
x2 y2
Thus, the coordinates of any point on the hyperbola = 1 are (a sec θ, b tan θ), where θ is the parameter
−
a2 b2
such that 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π. These coordinates are known as the parametric coordinates. The parameter θ is also called the
eccentric angle of point P on the hyperbola.
x2 y2
The equation x = a sec θ and y = b tan θ are known as the parametric equations of the hyperbola − = 1.
a2 b2
Note: (i) The circle x2 + y2 = a2 is known as the auxiliary circle of the hyperbola.
x2 y2
Let P (a sec θ1, b tan θ1) and Q (a sec θ2, b tan θ2) be two points on the hyperbola − = 1.
a2 b2
Then the equation of the chord PQ is
b tan θ2 − b tan θ1 x  θ − θ2  y  θ1 + θ2   θ1 + θ2 
y – b tan q1 = (x – a sec q1) ⇒ cos  1  − sin   = cos  
asec θ2 − asec θ1 a  2  b  2   2 

Illustration 9: Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus rectum is half of its transverse axis. (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Establish the relation between a and b and then use the eccentricity formula.
x2 y2 2b2
Let the equation of the hyperbola be − 1 . Then transverse axis = 2a and latus rectum =
=
a2 b2 a
2
2b 1
According to the question = (2a)
a 2
⇒ 2b2 = a2 ⇒ 2a2(e2 – 1) = a2 ⇒ 2e2 – 2 = 1 ⇒ e2 = 3/2 ∴e= 3/2

Illustration 10: If the chord joining two points (a sec θ1, b tan θ1) and (a sec θ2, b tan θ2) passes through the focus
x2 y 2 θ θ 1−e
of the hyperbola − = 1, then prove that tan 1 tan 2 = . (JEE ADVANCED)
a 2
b 2 2 2 1+e

Sol: Obtain a relation between the two given eccentric angles by substituting y
the point in the equation of chord. P(x,y)
The equation of the chord joining (a sec θ1, b tan θ1) and (a sec θ2, b tan θ2) is M

x  θ − θ2  y  θ1 + θ2   θ1 + θ2  x’ L x
cos  1  − sin 
  = cos 
  C(0,0) A (x,0)
a  2  b  2   2 
(-x,0) A

 θ − θ2   θ1 + θ2 
If it passes through the focus (ae, 0) then e cos  1  = cos  
 2   2  y’
cos ( (θ1 − θ2 ) / 2 )
⇒ =1/e
cos ( (θ1 + θ2 ) / 2 ) Figure 12.23

θ1 θ2 1−e
using componendo dividendo rule we get tan tan = .
2 2 1+e

8. POINT AND HYPERBOLA

x2 y2 x12 y12
The point (x1, y1) lies outside, on or inside the hyperbola − = 1 according to − –1 ‘<’ or ‘=’ or ‘>’ 0
a2 b2 a2 b2
Proof: Draw PL perpendicular to x-axis. Suppose it cuts the hyperbola at Q(x1, y2).
 M a them a ti cs | 12.11

Clearly, PL > QL
y12 y 22 y12 y 22 x12 y12 x12 y 22 x12 y12
⇒ y1 > y2 ⇒ > ⇒ − <− ⇒ − < − ⇒ − <1
b2 b2 b2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2
 x2 y 2 
 Q(x1 , y 2 ) lies on 2 − 2 = 1
x12 y12  a b 
⇒ − – 1 < 0
a2 b2  2
x1 y 22 
 − =1 
 a2 b2 

x2 y2 x12 y12
Thus the point (x1, y1) lies outside the hyperbola − = 1. If − –1<0
a2 b2 a2 b2
Similarly, we can prove that the point (x1, y1) will lie inside or on the hyperbola according to

x12 y12
− – 1 > 0 or, = 0.
a2 b2
x12 y12
P lies outside/on/inside − – 1 < 0/ = 0 / > 0
a2 b2

Illustration 11: Find the position of the points (7, –3) and (2, 7) relative to the hyperbola 9x2 – 4y2 = 36.
 (JEE MAIN)
Sol: Use the concept of position of a point w.r.t. the hyperbola.
x2 y 2
The equation of the given hyperbola is 9x2 – 4y2 = 36 or, − = 1. Now,
4 9
72 ( −3)2 41 22 72 49 −49
− −1= > 0 and, − ⇒ 1– ⇒ 1= < 0.
4 9 4 4 9 9 9
Hence, the point (7, –3) lies inside the parabola whereas the point (2, 7) lies outside the hyperbola.

Illustration 12: Find the position of the point (5, –4) relative to the hyperbola 9x2 – y2 = 1.  (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Use the concept of position of a point

Since 9(5)2 – (4)2 = 1 = 225 – 16 – 1 = 208 > 0. So the point (5, –4) inside the hyperbola 9x2 – y2 = 1.

9. LINE AND HYPERBOLA

x2 y2
Consider a line y = mx + c and hyperbola − = 1.
a2 b2
x2 y2
Solving y = mx + c and − =1
a2 b2
⇒ b2x2 – a2(mx + c)2 = a2b2 ⇒ (b2 – a2m2) x2 – 2a2cmx – a2(b2 + c2) = 0;

D>0 D=0 D<0

Secant Tangent Neither secant
2
c = a m –b 2 2 2 nor tangent

condition of tangency
1 2 . 1 2 | Hyperbola

x2 y2
⇒ y = mx + a2m2 − b2 is tangent to the hyperbola − =1.
a2 b2

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

No. of tangents drawn to a hyperbola passing through a given point (h, k)

Let y = mx+c be tangent to the hyperbola
⇒ c2 = a2m2 – b2
(h,k)
Since line passes through (h, k)
⇒ (k – mh)2 = a2m2 – b2 
⇒ (h2 – a2)m2 – 2hkm + k2 + b2 = 0
Hence a maximum of 2 tangents can be drawn to the
hyperbola passing through (h, k)
2hk k 2 + b2 Figure 12.24
m1 + m 2 = m1m2 =
2 2 2 2
h −a h −a

if m1m2 = – 1 x2 + y 2 = a2 − b2
Shrikant Nagori (JEE 2009, AIR 30)

Illustration 13: Common tangent to y2 = 8x and 3x2 – y2 = 3. (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Start with the standard equation of a tangent to a parabola and apply the condition for it be a tangent to
3x2 – y2 = 3.
2 x2 y 2
Tangent to the parabola is of the form y = mx + . For this line to be tangent to − 1 c2 = a2m2 – b2
=
m 1 3
4
⇒ = m2 – 1 ⇒ m2 = 4 ∴ ± y = 2x + 1 are the common tangents.
2
m

10. TANGENT
x2 y2 xx1 yy1
Point Form: The equation of tangent to the hyperbola − = 1 at (x1, y1) is
= 1. −
2 2 2 2
a b a b
x2 y 2
Slope Form: The equation of tangents of slope m to the hyperbola − = 1 are given by
a2 b2
y = mx ± a2m2 − b2
 a2m b2 
The coordinates of the points of contact are  ± ,± 
 
 a2m2 − b2 a2m2 − b2 

x2 y2 x y
Parametric Form: The equation of a tangent to the hyperbola − = 1 at (a sec θ, b tan θ) is sec θ − tan θ =1
a 2
b 2 a b
Note:
(i) The tangents at the point P (a sec θ1, b tan θ1) and Q (a sec θ2, b tan θ2) intersect at the point R
 acos((θ1 − θ2 ) / 2) bsin((θ1 + θ2 ) / 2) 
 ,  .
 cos((θ1 + θ2 ) / 2) cos((θ1 + θ2 ) / 2) 

(ii) If | θ1 + θ2 | = π, then the tangents at these points (θ1 & θ2) are parallel.
 M a them a ti cs | 12.13

(iii) There are two parallel tangents having the same slope m. These tangents touch the hyperbola at the extremities
of a diameter.
x2 y2
(iv) Locus of the feet of the perpendicular drawn from focus of the hyperbola − = 1 upon any tangent is its
a2 b2
auxiliary circle i.e. x + y = a and the product of these perpendiculars is b2.
2 2 2

(v) The portion of the tangent between the point of contact & the directrix subtends a right angle at the
corresponding focus.
(vi) The foci of the hyperbola and the points P and Q in which any tangent meets the tangents at the vertices are
concyclic with PQ as the diameter of the circle.

x2 y 2
Illustration 14: Prove that the straight line lx + my + n = 0 touches the hyperbola − = 1 if a2l2 – b2m2 = n2.
2 2
 a b (JEE MAIN)
Sol: Apply the condition of tangency and prove the above result.
The given line is lx + my + n = 0 or y = –l/m x – n/m
Comparing this line with y = Mx + c ∴M = – l/m and c = –n/m ….(i)

x2 y2
This line (i) will touch the hyperbola − = 1 if c2 = a2M2 – b2
a2 b2

n2 a2l2
⇒ = – b2 or a2l2 – b2m2 = n2. Hence proved.
m2 m2

Illustration 15: Find the equations of the tangent to the hyperbola x2 – 4y2 = 36 which is perpendicular to the line
x – y + 4 = 0.  (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Get the slope of the perpendicular line and use it to get the equation of the tangent.
Let m be the slope of the tangent. Since the tangent is perpendicular to the line x – y = 0
m × 1 = –1
⇒ m = –1
x2 y 2
Since x2 – 4y2 = 36 or − =1
36 9
x2 y2
Comparing this with − =1 ∴ a2 = 36 and b2 = 9
a2 b2
So the equation of the tangents are y = (–1)x ± 36 × ( −1)2 − 9
⇒ y = –x ± 27 ⇒ x+y± 3 3 =0

x2 y2
Illustration 16: If two tangents drawn from any point on hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2 – b2 to the ellipse + = 1 make
a2 b2
angles θ1 and θ2 with the axis then tan θ1 . tan θ2 .  (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Establish a quadratic in m, where m is the slope of the two tangents. Then use the sum and product of the
roots to find tan θ1 . tan θ2 .
Let c2 = a2 – b2
Any tangent to the ellipse y = mx ± a2m2 + b2

c tan θ = mc secθ ± a2m2 + b2 )

1 2 . 1 4 | Hyperbola

c2(tan θ – m secθ)2 = a2m2 + b2

(c2 sec2θ – a2)m2 + (……)m + c2tan2θ – b2 = 0 ⇒ tanθ1.tanθ2 =product of the roots.

c2 tan2 θ − b2
= = 1.
c2 sec2 θ − a2

11. NORMAL
x2 y2 a2 x b2 y
Point Form: The equation of the normal to the hyperbola − = 1 at (x1, y1) is + = a2 + b2.
a2 b2 x1 y1

x2 y 2
Parametric Form: The equation of the normal at (a sec θ, b tan θ) to the hyperbola − = 1 is a x cosθ + b y
cotθ = a2 + b2. a2 b2

x2 y2
Slope Form: The equation of a normal of slope m to the hyperbola − = 1 is given by
a2 b2
m(a2 + b2 )  a2 b2m 
y = mx  at the points  ± , 
 
a2 − b2m2  a2 − b2m2 a2 − b2m2 

Note:

(i) At most four normals can be drawn from any point to a hyperbola.
(ii) Points on the hyperbola through which, normal through a given point pass are called co-normal points.
(iii) The tangent & normal at any point of a hyperbola bisect the angle between the focal radii. This illustrates the
reflection property of the hyperbola as “An incoming light ray” aimed towards one focus is reflected from
the outer surface of the hyperbola towards the other focus. It follows that if an ellipse and a hyperbola have
the same foci, they cut at right angles at any of their common points.

Light Ray
Y Tangent
Q 
P

X
S’ S

Figure 12.25

x2 y2 x2 y2
(iv) The hyperbola − = 1 and the hyperbola − = 1 (a > k > b > 0) are confocal and therefore
a2 b2 a2 − k 2 k 2 − b2
orthogonal.
(v) The sum of the eccentric angles of co-normal points is an odd multiple of π.
x2 y2
(vi) If θ1, θ2 and θ3 are eccentric angles of three points on the hyperbola − = 1. The normals at which are
a2 b2
concurrent, then sin(θ1 + θ2) + sin(θ2 + θ3) + sin(θ3 + θ1) =0

x2 y2
(vii) If the normals at four points P(x1, y1), Q(x2, y2), R(x3, y3) and S(x4, y4) on the hyperbola − = 1 are concurrent,
a2 b2
1 1 1 1 
then (x1 + x2 + x3 + x4)  + + +  = 4.
 x1 x2 x3 x 4 
 M a them a ti cs | 12.15

x2 y2
Illustration 17: How many real tangents can be drawn from the point (4, 3) to the hyperbola − = 1. Find the
equation of these tangents and the angle between them. 16 9 (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Use the concept of Position of a Point w.r.t. the hyperbola to find the number of real tangents.
Given point P = (4, 3)
x2 y 2
Hyperbola S ≡ − =1=0
16 9
16 9
∵ S1 ≡ – – 1 = -1 < 0
16 9
⇒ Point P ≡ (4, 3) lies outside the hyperbola
∴ Two tangents can be drawn from the point P(4, 3). Equation of a pair of tangents is SS1 = T2.
2
 x2 y 2   4x 3y 
⇒  − − 1  (–1) ≡  − − 1
 16 9   16 9 
 
2
x 2
y x 2
y2 xy x 2y 4
⇒ − + +1= + +1– + ⇒ 3x2 – 4xy – 12x + 16y = 0 and θ = tan–1  
16 9 16 9 6 2 3 3

Illustration 18: Find the equation of common tangents to hyperbolas

x2 y2 y2 x2
H1: − = 1 ; H2: − = 1 (JEE MAIN)
a2 b2 a2 b2
Sol: Compare the equation of the common tangents to H1 and H2 and compare the two equations to find the value
of m.
Tangent to H1

y = mx ± a2m2 − b2

x2 y2
H2: − =1
( −b2 ) ( −a2 )
a2m2 – b2 = (–b2) m2 – (–a2)
∴ a2(m2 – 1) = b2(1 – m2)
m=±1 Figure 12.26

Equation of common tangents are ± y = x + a2 − b2

Illustration 19: If the normals at (xr, yr); r = 1, 2, 3, 4 on the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 meet at the point Q(h, k),
prove that the sum of the ordinates of the four points is k. Also prove that the product of the ordinates is –c4.
 (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Write the equation of the normal in the parametric form and then use the theory of equations.
 c
Any point on the curve xy = c2 is  ct, 
 t
 c
The equation of the normal to the hyperbola at the point  ct,  is
 t
c −1
y– = (x – ct).
t  dy 
  c
 dx ct,
t

c2 dy −c2
Here, xy = c2 ; or y = ∴ =
x′ dx x2
1 2 . 1 6 | Hyperbola

 dy  c2 1
∴   = 2 2 = − 2
 dx ct, c c t t
t
 c
∴ The equation of the normal at  ct,  is
 t
c
y– = t2(x – ct) or ty – c = t3(x – ct) or ct4 – t3x + ty – c = 0
t
The normal passes through (h, k). So
ct4 – t3h + tk – c = 0  … (i)
c
Let the roots of (i) be t1, t2, t3, t4. Then xr = ct, yr =
tr
∴ sum of ordinates = y1 + y2 + y3 + y4

c c c c t t t +t t t +t t t +t t t
= + + + = c 2 3 4 3 4 1 4 1 2 1 2 3
t1 t2 t3 t 4 t1 t2 t3 t 4

−k / c
=c. = k, {from roots of the equation (i)} and, product of the ordinates
−c / c
c c c c c4 c4
= y1y2y3y4 = . . . = = = –c4.
t1 t2 t3 t 4 t1 t2 t3 t 4 −c / c

Hence proved.

x2 y2
Illustration 20: The perpendicular from the centre on the normal at any point of the hyperbola − = 1 meet
a2 b2
at R. Find the locus of R. (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Solve the equation of the normal and the equation of line perpendicular to it passing through the origin.
Let (x1, y1) be any point on the hyperbola.

x12 y12
So, − = 1 … (i)
a2 b2
x − x1 y − y1 x1 y1
The equation of the normal at (x1, y1) is = or (y − y1 ) + (x − x1 ) = 0 … (ii)
x1 y1 a 2
b2
−
a2 y1 a2 b2
‘m’ of the normal = −
b2 x1

∴ The equation of the perpendicular from the centre (0, 0) on (ii) is

b2 x1
y= .x … (iii)
a2 y1
The intersection of (ii) and (iii) is R and the required locus is obtained by eliminating x1, y1 from (i), (ii) and (iii).
x1 y1
From (iii), =
= t (say)
a y b2 x
2

Putting in (ii), yt(y – b2xt) + xt(x – a2yt) = 0

or (x2 + y2)t – (a2 + b2)xyt2 = 0.
But t ≠ 0 for then (x1, y1) = (0, 0) which is not true.

x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2 a2 (x2 + y 2 )
∴ t= ; ∴ x1 = a2 y =
xy(a2 + b2 ) xy(a2 + b2 ) x(a2 + b2 )
 M a them a ti cs | 12.17

x2 + y 2 b2 (x2 + y 2 )
and y1 = b2 x =
xy(a2 + b2 ) y(a2 + b2 )

1 a4 (x2 + y 2 )2 1 b 4 (x2 + y 2 )2
∴ from (i), . − . =1
a2 x2 (a2 + b2 ) b2 y 2 (a2 + b2 )2

 a2 b2 
or {x2 + y2)2.  −  = (a2 + b2)2.
 x2 y 2 
 

x2 y2
Illustration 21: A normal to the hyperbola = 1 meets the axes in M and N and lines MP and NP are
−
a2 b2
drawn perpendicular to the axes meeting at P. Prove that the locus of P is the hyperbola a2x2 – b2y2 = (a2 + b2)2.

 (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Find the co-ordinates of the point M and N and then eliminate the parameter between the ordinate and
abscissae.
x2 y 2
The equation of normal at the point Q(a sec φ, b tan φ) to the hyperbola − = 1 is
a2 b2
ax cosφ + by cot φ = a2 + b2  … (i)
 a2 + b2   a2 + b2 
The normal (i) meets the x-axis in M  sec ϕ, 0  and y-axis in N  0, tan ϕ 
 a   b 
   
∴ Equation of MP, the line through M and perpendicular to axis, is

 a2 + b2  ax
x=   sec ϕ or sec φ = 2  … (ii)
 a  (a + b2 )
 
and the equation of NP, the line through N and perpendicular to the y-axis is

 a2 + b2  by
y=   tan φ or tan φ = 2  … (iii)
 b  (a + b2 )
 
The locus of the point is the intersection of MP and NP and will be obtained by eliminating φ from (ii) and (iii), so
we have sec2φ – tan2φ = 1

a2 x2 b2 y 2
⇒ − = 1 or a2x2 – b2y2 = (a2 + b2)2 is the required locus of P.
(a2 + b2 )2 (a2 + b2 )2

Illustration 22: Prove that the length of the tangent at any point of hyperbola intercepted between the point of
contact and the transverse axis is the harmonic mean between the lengths of perpendiculars drawn from the foci
on the normal at the same point.  (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Proceed according to the question to prove the above statement.

P1 S1G e2 x1 − ae ae2 − aecos θ
= = =
P TG e2 x1 − acos θ ae2 − acos2 θ

P1 e(e − cos θ) P e + cos θ cos θ

∴ = ⇒ = =1+
P (e − cos θ)(e + cos θ) P1 e e

P cos θ P P 1 P 2
Similarly we get = 1− ∴ + =2 ⇒ + =
P1 e P1 P2 P1 P2 P
Hence Proved.
1 2 . 1 8 | Hyperbola

12. DIRECTOR CIRCLE

The locus of the intersection point of tangents which are at right angles is known as the Director Circle of the
hyperbola. The equation to the director circle is: x2 + y2 = a2 – b2.
If b2 < a2 this circle is real.
If b2 = a2 (rectangular hyperbola) the radius of the circle is zero & it reduces to a point circle at the origin. In this
case the centre is the only point from which the tangents at right angles can be drawn to the curve.
If b2 > a2, the radius of the circle is imaginary, so that there is no such circle & so no pair of tangents at right angles
can be drawn to the curve.
Or we can say that
If L(T.A) > L(C.A) ⇒ circle is real.
If L(T.A) < L(C.A) ⇒ No real locus, Imaginary circle.
If L(T.A) = L(C.A) ⇒ point circle

13. CHORD

13.1 Chord of Contact

It is defined as the line joining the point of intersection of tangents drawn from any point. The equation to the
x2 y 2 xx yy
chord of contact of tangent drawn from a point P(x1, y1) to the hyperbola − = 1 is 1 − 1 = 1.
2 2 2
a b a b2
13.2 Chord Bisected at a Given Point
x2 y2 xx1 yy1 x12 y12
The equation of the chord of the hyperbola − = 1, bisected at the point (x1, y1) is − –1= −
a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2
– 1 (T = S1' ), where T and S1' have their usual meanings.

13.3 Chord of Hyperbola (Parametric Form)

x α+β y α+β α −β
Note: Chord of ellipse cos   + sin   = cos  
a  2  b  2   2   Q()
For a hyperbola it is P()

x α −β y α+β α+β

cos   − sin  =cos  
a  2  b  2   2 
d α −β α+β Figure 12.27
Passing through (d, 0) cos   = cos  
a  2   2 
d cos ( (α + β) / 2 )
=
a cos ( (α − β) / 2 )

d+a −2cos α / 2 cos β / 2

=
d−a 2cos α / 2 sin β / 2

a−d α β
= tan tan
a+d 2 2
1−e α β
if d = ae ⇒ = tan tan
1+e 2 2
 M a them a ti cs | 12.19

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

Point of intersection of tangents at P(α) and Q(β) can be obtained by

comparing COC with the chord at P(α) & Q(β) P()
Q()
Equation of PQ
xh yk
COC ⇒ − =1
2
a b2
x α −β y α+β α+β
PQ ⇒ cos   − sin   = cos  
a  2  b  2   2  R(h,k)
cos ( (α − β) / 2 ) sin ( (α + β) / 2 ) Figure 12.28
∴ h=a , k =b
cos ( (α + β) / 2 ) cos ( (α + β) / 2 )

Nitish Jhawar (JEE 2009, AIR 7)

x2 y 2
Illustration 23: If tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax intersect the hyperbola − = 1 at A and B, then find the
locus of point of intersection of tangents at A and B.  a2 b2 (JEE MAIN)

Sol: The point of intersection of the tangents at A and B is nothing but the point for which AB is the chord of
contact. Use this information to find the locus.
Let P ≡ (h, k) be the point of intersection of tangent at A and B
xh yk
∴ Equation of the chord of contact AB is = 1  − ….(i)
2
a b2
Which touches the parabola. Equation of the tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax
y = mx – a/m ⇒ mx – y = –a/m ….(ii)
equation (i) and (ii) must be same
m −1 −a / m h b2 ak
∴ = = ⇒ m= and m = −
((h / a )) ( −(k / b ))
2 2 1 k a2 b2

hb2 ak b4
∴ = − ⇒ locus of P is y2 = – x.
ka2 b2 a3

Illustration 24: A point P moves such that the chord of contact of a pair of tangents from P to y2 = 4x touches the
rectangular hyperbola x2 – y2 = 9. If locus of ‘P’ is an ellipse, find e.  (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Write the equation of the chord of contact to the parabola w.r.t. a point (h , k). Then solve this equation with
the equation of the hyperbola.
A
P (h,k)

Figure 12.29

2x 2h 4h2 4
yy1 = 2a(x + x1) ; yk = 2(x + h) ⇒ y= + ; = 9. –9
k k k 2
k2
1 2 . 2 0 | Hyperbola

x2 y 2 4 5
4h = 36 – 9k
2 2 + 1
= e2 = 1 – e=
9 4 9 3

x2 y2
Illustration 25: Find the locus of the mid-point of focal chords of the hyperbola = 1.  (JEE MAIN) −
a2 b2
Sol: Use the formula T = S1 to get the equation of the chord and substitute the co-ordinates of the focus.
Let P ≡ (h, k) be the mid-point
xh yk h2 k2
∴ Equation of the chord whose mid-point (h, k) is given − –1= − – 1 since it is a focal chord.
2 2 2
a b a b2
∴ It passes through the focus, either (ae, 0) or (–ae, 0)
ex x2 y 2
∴ Locus is ± = −
a a2 b2

x2 y2
Illustration 26: Find the condition on ‘a’ and ‘b’ for which two distinct chords of the hyperbola − =1
2a2 2b2
passing through (a, b) are bisected by the line x + y = b. (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Consider a point on the line x + y = b and then find a chord with this point as the mid-point. Then substitute
the point in the equation of the chord to get the condition between ‘a’ and ‘b’.
Let the line x + y = b bisect the chord at P(α, b – α)
∴ Equation of the chord whose mid-point is P(α, b – α) is:

xα y(b − α ) α2 (b − α )2
− = −
2a2 2b2 2a2 2b2
α (b − α ) α2 (b − α )2
Since it passes through (a, b) ∴ − = −
2a 2b 2a2 2b2
1 1  1 1
α2  − + α −  = 0 ⇒ a = b
2 
b a
2
a b 

x2 y 2
Illustration 27: Locus of the mid points of the focal chords of the hyperbola − = 1 is another hyperbola
whose eccentricity is e. a2 b2 (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Use the formula T = S1 and proceed further.

A
xh yb h2 k2
T = S1 ; − = −
a2 b2 a2
b2 m(h,k)
eh h2 k 2 g(ae,0)
It passes through focus ⇒ = −
a a2 b2
x2 ex y2 1 2 y2 P
⇒ − = ⇒ [x − eax] =
a2 a b2 a2 b2
Figure 12.30
( x − (ea / 2))
2
1  e2a2  y 2
2 2 2
ea  y e
⇒  x −  − = ⇒ − =
a2  2  4  b2 a 2
b 42

Hence the locus is a hyperbola of eccentricity e.
x2 y2
Illustration 28: Find the locus of the midpoint of the chord of the hyperbola − = 1 which subtends a right
a2 b2
angle at the origin. (JEE ADVANCED)
 M a them a ti cs | 12.21

Sol: Use the formula T = S1 and then homogenise the equation of the hyperbola using the equation of the chord
to find the locus.
Let (h, k) be the mid-point of the chord of the hyperbola. Then its equation is
hx ky h2 k2
− =  − … (i)
a2 b2 a2 b2
The equation of the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the hyperbola and the chord (i) is
obtained by making a homogeneous hyperbola with the help of (i)

((hx / a ) − (ky / b ))
2
2 2
x 2
y2
∴ − =
((h / a ) − (k / b ))
2
a2 b2 2 2 2 2

2 2
1  h2 k 2  2 1  h2 k 2  2 h2 2 k 2 2 2hk
⇒  −  x − 2  2 − 2  y = 4 x + 4 y − 2 2 xy  … (ii)
a2  a2 b2  b  a b  a b ab

The lines represented by (ii) will be at right angles if the coefficient of x2 + the coefficient of y2 = 0
2 2 2
1  h2 k 2  h2 1  h2 k 2  k2  h2 k 2   1 1  h2 k 2
⇒  −  − −  −  − =0 ⇒  −  − = +
a2  a2 b2  a4 b2  a2 b2  b 4  a2 b2   a2 b2  a4 b 4
 
2
 x2 y 2  1 1  x2 y 2
hence, the locus of (h, k) is  −   2 − 2 = 4 + 4
 a2 b 4  a b  a b
 

14. DIAMETER
The locus of the mid-points of a system of parallel chords of a hyperbola is called a diameter. The point where a
diameter intersects the hyperbola is known as the vertex of the diameter.

14.1 Equation of Diameter

The equation of a diameter bisecting a system of parallel chords of slope m of the hyperbola

x2 y2 b2
− = 1 is y = x.
a2 b2 a2m

14.2 Conjugate Diameters

Two diameters of a hyperbola are said to be conjugate diameters if each bisects the chords parallel to the other.
x2 y2
Let y = m1x and y = m2x be conjugate diameters of the hyperbola − = 1.
a2 b2
Then, y = m2x bisects the system of chords parallel to y = m1x. So, its equation is

b2
y= x … (i)
a2m
b2 b2
Clearly, (i) and y = m2x represent the same line. Therefore, m2 = ⇒ m 1m 2 =
a2m1 a2
x2 y2 b2
Thus, y = m1x and y = m2x are conjugate diameters of the hyperbola − = 1, if m1m2 =
a2 b2 a2
1 2 . 2 2 | Hyperbola

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

•• In a pair of conjugate diameters of a hyperbola, only one meets the hyperbola on a real point.

x2 y2
•• Let P(a sec θ, b tan θ) be a point on the hyperbola = 1 such that CP and CD are conjugate
−
a2 b2
diameters of the hyperbola. Then, the coordinates of D are (a tan θ, b sec θ)

•• If a pair of conjugate diameters meet the hyperbola and its conjugate in P and D respectively then
CP2 – CD2 = a2 – b2. 
Shivam Agarwal (JEE 2009, AIR 27)

15. POLE AND POLAR

Let P(x1 , y1 ) be any point inside the hyperbola. A chord through P intersects the hyperbola at A and B respectively.
If tangents to the hyperbola at A and B meet at Q(h, k) then the locus of Q is called the polar of P with respect to
the hyperbola and the point P is called the pole.
If P(x1 , y1 ) is any point outside the hyperbola and tangents are drawn, then the line passing through the contact
points is polar of P and P is called the pole of the polar.
Note: If the pole lies outside the hyperbola then the polar passes through the hyperbola. If the pole lies inside the
hyperbola then the polar lies completely outside the hyperbola. If pole the lies on the hyperbola then the polar
becomes the same as the tangent.

x2 y 2
Equation of polar: Equation of the polar of the point (x1 , y1 ) with respect to the hyperbola − = 1 is given by
xx1 yy1 a2 b2
− = 1 , i.e., T = 0
a2 b2
x2 y 2  −a2l b2m 
Coordinates of Pole: The pole of the line lx + my + n = 0 with respect to hyperbola + =1 is P  , .
a2 b2  n n 

Properties of pole and polar:

 1. If the polar of P (x1 , y1 ) passes through Q(x2 , y 2 ) , then the polar of Q(x2 , y 2 ) goes through P (x1 , y1 ) and such
x x y y
points are said to be conjugate points. Condition for conjugate points is 1 2 − 1 2 = 1.
a2 b2
 2. If the pole of line l1 x + m1 y + n1 = 0 lies on another line l2 x + m2 y + n2 =0 , then the pole of the second line will
lie on the first and such lines are said to be conjugate lines.
 3. Pole of a given line is the same as the point of intersection of the tangents at its extremities.
 4. Polar of focus is its directrix.

16. ASYMPTOTES
An asymptote to a curve is a straight line, such that distance between (0,b)
the line and curve approaches zero as they tend to infinity.
In other words, the asymptote to a curve touches the curves at infinity
(-a,0) (a,0)
i.e. asymptote to a curve is its tangent at infinity.
The equations of two asymptotes of the hyperbola
(0,-b)
x2 y2 b x y
− = 1 are y = ± x or ± = 0
a2
b 2 a a b Figure 12.31
 M a them a ti cs | 12.23

x2 y2
Combined equation of asymptote = 0
−
a2 b2
Note: If the angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola is θ, then its eccentricity is sec θ.

PLANCESS CONCEPTS
x2 y2 x2 y2
•• The combined equation of the asymptotes of the hyperbola − = 1 is − = 0.
a2 b2 a2 b2
•• When b = a, the asymptotes of the rectangular hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2 are y = ±x, which are at right
angles.
•• A hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola have the same asymptotes.
•• The equation of the pair of asymptotes differ from the hyperbola and the conjugate hyperbola by the
same constant, i.e. Hyperbola – Asymptotes = Asymptotes – Conjugate hyperbola
•• The asymptotes pass through the centre of the hyperbola.
•• The bisectors of the angles between the asymptotes are the coordinates axes.
•• The asymptotes of a hyperbola are the diagonals of the rectangle formed by the lines drawn through
the extremities of each axis parallel to the other axis.
•• Asymptotes are the tangents to the hyperbola from the centre.
x2 y 2
•• The tangent at any point P on − = 1 with the centre C meets asymptotes at Q, R and cut off
2
∆CQR of constant area = ab. a b2

•• The parts of the tangent intercepted between the asymptote is bisected at the point of contact.
•• If f(x, y) = 0 is an equation of the hyperbola then the centre of the hyperbola is the point of intersection
∂f ∂f
of = 0 and = 0.
∂x ∂y
Ravi Vooda (JEE 2009, AIR 71)

Illustration 29: Find the asymptotes of xy – 3y – 2x = 0. (JEE MAIN)

Sol: Proceed according to the definition of asymptotes.

Since the equation of a hyperbola and its asymptotes differ in constant terms only
∴ Pair of asymptotes is given by xy – 3y – 2x + λ = 0 ...(i)
where λ is any constant such that represents two straight lines
∴ abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0
⇒ 0 + 2x – 3/2x – 1 + 1/2 – 0 – 0 – λ (1/2)2 = 0
∴ λ=6
From (i) the asymptotes of given hyperbola are given by xy – 3y – 2x + 6 = 0 or (y – 2) (x – 3) = 0
∴ Asymptotes are x – 3 = 0 and y – 2 = 0

Illustration 30: Find the equation of that diameter which bisects the chord 7x + y – 20 = 0 of the hyperbola
x2 y 2
− = 1. (JEE ADVANCED)
3 7
1 2 . 2 4 | Hyperbola

Sol: Consider a diameter y = mx and solve it with the equation of the hyperbola to form a quadratic in x. Find the
midpoint of the intersection of the chord and hyperbola. Use this point to find the slope of the diameter.
The centre of the hyperbola is (0, 0). Let the diameter be y = mx … (i)
The ends of the chord are found by solving
7x + y – 20 = 0  … (ii)
2 2
x y
and − = 1  … (iii)
3 7
x2 1
Solving (ii), (iii) we get − (20 − 7x)2 = 1
3 7
or 7x2 – 3(400 – 280x + 49x2) = 21 or 140x2 – 840x + 1221 = 0
Let the roots be x1, x2
840
Then x1 + x2 = = 6  ... (iv)
140

If (x1, y1), (x2, y2) be ends then 7x1 + y1 – 20 = 0, 7x2 + y2 – 20 = 0

Adding, 7(x1 + x2) + (y1 + y2) – 40 = 0

or 42 + y1 + y2 – 40 = 0, using (iv) ; ∴ y1 + y2 = –2

 x + x 2 y1 + y 2   6 −2 
∴ The middle point of the chord =  1 , =  ,  = (3, –1)
 2 2  2 2 
1 1
This lies on (i). So –1 = 3m ; ∴ m = − ∴ the equation of the diameter is y = − x.
3 3

Illustration 31: The asymptotes of a hyperbola having centre at the point (1, 2) are parallel to the lines
2x + 3y = 0 and 3x + 2y = 0. If the hyperbola passes through the point (5, 3) show that its equation is (2x + 3y – 8)
(3x + 2y + 7) = 154. (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: With the information given, find out the equation of the asymptotes and then use the fact that the point (5, 3)
lies on the hyperbola to find the equation of the hyperbola.
Let the asymptotes be 2x + 3y + λ = 0 and 3x + 2y + µ = 0. Since the asymptote passes through (1, 2) then λ = –8
and µ = –7
Thus the equation of the asymptotes are 2x + 3y – 8 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 7 = 0
Let the equation of the hyperbola be (2x + 3y – 8) (3x + 2y – 7) + v =0 … (i)
It passes through (5, 3), then (10 + 9 – 8) (15 + 6 – 7) + v = 0
⇒ 11 × 14 + v = 0
∴ v = – 154
putting the value of v in (i) we obtain (2x + 3y – 8) (3x + 2y – 7) – 154 =0
which is the equation of the required hyperbola.

17. RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA

A hyperbola whose asymptotes are at right angles to each other is called a rectangular hyperbola.
x2 y2 b
The equation of the asymptotes of the hyperbola − = 1 are given by y = ± x.
a2
b 2 a
 M a them a ti cs | 12.25

The θ angle between these two asymptotes is given by

 (b / a) − ( −(b / a) )  2b / a 2ab
tan θ   = =
 1 + (b / a) ( −(b / a) )  2
1−b / a 2
a − b2
2
 
2ab π
If the asymptotes are at right angles, then θ = π/2 ⇒ tan θ = tan π/2 ⇒ = tan ⇒ a = b.
a −b 2 2 2
Thus, the transverse and conjugate axes of a rectangular hyperbola are equal and the equation of the hyperbola
is x2 – y2 = a2.

Remarks: Since the transverse and conjugate axis of a rectangular hyperbola are equal. So, its eccentricity e is
given by

b2 b2
e= 1+ = 1+ = 2
a2 a2

17.1 With Asymptotes as Coordinate Axes

Equation of the hyperbola referred to the transverse and conjugate axes along the axes of co-ordinates, the
equation of the rectangular hyperbola is x2 – y2 = a2 ….(i)
The asymptotes of (i) are y = x and y = –x. Each of these two asymptotes is inclined at an angle of 45º with the
transverse axis. So, if we rotate the coordinate axes through an angle of –π/4 keeping the origin fixed, then the axes
coincide with the asymptotes of the hyperbola and, we have
X+Y Y−X
x = X cos(–π/4) – Y sin(–π/4) = and y = X sin(–π/4) + Y cos(–π/4) =
2 2
2 2
X+Y Y−X
Substituting the values of x and y in (i), we obtain the   −  =a
2

 2   2 
a2 a2
⇒ XY = ⇒ XY = c2, where c2 =
2 2
Thus, the equation of the hyperbola referred to its asymptotes as the coordinates axes is
a2
xy = c2, where c2 =
2
Remark: The equation of a rectangular hyperbola having coordinate axes as its asymptotes is xy = c2.
If the asymptotes of a rectangular hyperbola are x = α, y = β, then its equation is
(x – α) (y – β) = c2 or xy – ay – bx + λ = 0 ; ( λ ≤ αβ )
17.2 Tangent

Point Form
x y
The equation of the tangent at (x1, y1) to the hyperbola xy =c2 is xy1 + yx1 = 2c2 or, + = 2.
x1 y1
Parametric Form
 c x
The equation of the tangent at  ct,  to the hyperbola xy = c2 is + yt = 2c.
 t  t
 c  c  2ct1 t2 2c 
Note: Tangent at P  ct1 ,  and Q  ct2 ,  to the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 intersect at  . 
 t1   t2   t1 + t2 t1 + t2 
1 2 . 2 6 | Hyperbola

17.3 Normal
Point Form
The equation of the normal at (x1, y1) to the hyperbola xy = c2 is xx1 – yy1 = x12 – y12
Parametric Form
 c y c
The equation of the normal at  ct,  to the hyperbola xy = c2 is xt − = ct2 −
 t  t t2
Note:
 c
(i) The equation of the normal at  ct,  is a fourth degree equation in t. So, in general, at most four normals
 t
can be drawn from a point to the hyperbola xy = c2.
(ii) The equation of the polar of any point P(x1, y1) with respect to xy = c2 is xy1 + yx1 = 2c2.
(iii) The equation of the chord of the hyperbola xy = c2 whose midpoint (x,y) is xy1 + yx1 = 2x1y1 or, T = S′. where
T and S′ have their usual meanings.
(iv) The equation of the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point (x1, y1) to the rectangular xy = c2 is xy1
+ yx1 = 2c2.

Illustration 32: A, B, C are three points on the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2, find
(i) The area of the triangle ABC
(ii) The area of the triangle formed by the tangents A, B and C (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: Use parametric co-ordinates and the formula for the area to get the desired result.

 c c  c
Let co-ordinates of A, B and C on the hyperbola xy = c2 be  ct1 ,  .  ct2 ,  and  ct3 ,  respectively
 t1   t2   t3 
 c c c 
 ct1 ct2 ct3 
1 t1 t2 t3  c2 t1 t2 t2 t3 t3 t1
(i) Area of triangle ABC =  + + = − + − + −
2 c c c  2 t2 t1 t3 t2 t1 t3
 ct2 ct3 ct1 
 t2 t3 t1 

c2 c2
= | t32 t3 − t22 t3 + t1 t22 − t32 t1 + t2 t32 − t12 t2 | = | (t − t )(t − t )(t − t ) |
2t1 t2 t3 2t1 t2 t3 1 2 2 3 3 1

(ii) Equation of tangents at A, B, C are x + yt12 – 2ct1 = 0, x + yt22 – 2ct2 = 0 and x + yt32 – 2ct3 = 0
2
1 t12 −2ct1
1
∴ Required Area = 1 t22 −2ct2  … (i)
2 | C1C2C3 |
1 t32 −2ct3

1 t12 1 t12 1 t12

where C1 = , C2 = − and C3 =
1 t32 1 t32 1 t32

∴ C1 = t32 – t22, C2 = t12 – t32 and C3 = t22 – t12

1 (t1 − t2 )(t2 − t3 )(t3 − t1 )

From (i) = 4c2 (t1 − t2 )2 (t2 − t3 )2 (t3 − t1 )2 = 2c2
2 | (t32 − t22 )(t12 − t32 )(t22 − t12 ) | (t1 + t2 )(t2 + t3 )(t3 + t1 )

(t1 − t2 )(t2 − t3 )(t3 − t1 )

∴ Required area is, 2c2
(t1 + t2 )(t2 + t3 )(t3 + t1 )
 M a them a ti cs | 12.27

PROBLEM SOLVING TACTICS

( x − h) (y − k)
2 2

(a) In general convert the given hyperbola equation into the standard form − 1 and compare it
=
a2 b2
2 2 2 2
x y x y
with − 1 . Then solve using the properties of the hyperbola
= − 1 . So, it is advised to remember
=
2 2 2
a b a b2
the standard results.
x2 y 2
(b) Most of the standard results of a hyperbola can be obtained from the results of an ellipse + 1 just by
=
changing the sign of b2. a2 b2

FORMULAE SHEET

HYPERBOLA

(a) Standard Hyperbola:

Hyperbola x2 y2 x2 y2
− 1
= − + 1
=
Imp. Terms a2 b2 a2 b2
x2 y2
or − −1
=
a2 b2

Centre (0, 0) (0, 0)

Length of transverse axis 2a 2b
Length of conjugate axis 2b 2a
Foci (±ae, 0) (0, ±be)
Equation of directrices x = ± a/e y = ± b/e
Eccentricity
 a2 + b2   a2 + b2 
e=   e=  
 a2   b2 
   

Length of L.R. 2b2/a 2a2/b

Parametric co-ordinates (a sec φ, b tan φ) (a tan φ, b sec φ)

0 ≤ φ < 2π 0 ≤ φ < 2π
Focal radii SP = ex1 – a SP = ey1 – b

S¢P = ex1 + a S¢P = ey1 + b

|S¢P – SP| 2a 2b
Tangents at the vertices x = –a, x = a y =–b, y = b
Equation of the transverse axis y=0 x=0
Equation of the conjugate axis x=0 y=0
1 2 . 2 8 | Hyperbola

S(0,be)
Y

N B L
M′ M P(x,y) B (0, b) b
y=

Rectum
Z a

X′ X X′ X
A′ Z′ C Z A S(ae,0) C b
S′(–ae,0) y=−

Latus
(–a,0) (a,0) a
a B′(0, –b)
a x=
N′ x=– B′ e L′

S’(0,–be)
e
Y′
Y′

Figure 12.32: Hyperbola Figure 12.33: Conjugate Hyperbola

(b) Special form of hyperbola: If (h , k) is the centre of a hyperbola and its axes are parallel to the co-ordinate
(x − h)2 (y − k)2
axes, then the equation of the hyperbola is − =1
a2 b2

(c) Parametric equations of a hyperbola: The equation x = a sec φ and y = b tan φ are known as the parametric
equation of the standard hyperbola
x2 y2
− = 1.
a2 b2
x2 y2 x12 y12 xx1 yy1
S
If = − , then S1 = − −1 ; T = − −1
2 2 2 2 2
a b a b a b2

(d) Position of a point and a line w.r.t. a hyperbola: n The point (x1, y1) lies inside, on or outside the hyperbola
x2 y2 x12 y12
− = 1 according to–1 being >, = or < zero. −
a2 b2 a2 b2
The line y = mx + c intersects at 2 distinct points, 1 point or does not intersect with the hyperbola according as c2
>, = or < a2m2 – b2.

(e) Tangent:
x2 y2
(i) Point form: The equation of tangent to the hyperbola − = 1 at (x1, y1) is
a2 b2
xx1 yy1
− = 1.
2
a b2
x2 y 2
(ii) Parametric form: The equation of tangent to the hyperbola − = 1 at parametric coordinates (a sec φ, b
2 2
x y a b
tan φ) is sec φ − φ =11.
a b
x2 y 2
(iii) Slope form: The equation of the tangents having slope m to the hyperbola − = 1 are
a2 b2
y = mx ± a2m2 − b2 and the co-ordinates of points of contacts are

 a2m b2 
± ,± 
 
 a2m2 − b2 a2m2 + b2 
x2 y2
(f) Equation of a pair of tangents from an external point (x1, y1) to the hyperbola − = 1 is SS1 = T2.
2 2
a b
 M a them a ti cs | 12.29

(g) Normal:
x2 y2
(i) Point form: The equation of the normal to the hyperbola − = 1 at (x1, y1) is
2 2
a2 b2
a x b y
+ = a2 + b2.
x1 y1

(ii) Parametric form: The equation of the normal at parametric coordinates (a sec θ, b tanθ) to the hyperbola

x2 y2
− = 1 is ax cos θ + by cot θ = a2 + b2.
a2 b2
2 2
(iii) Slope form: The equation of the normal having slope m to the hyperbola x − y = 1 is
a2 b2
m(a2 + b2 )
y = mx 
a2 − b2m2
x2 y 2
(iv) Condition for normality: y = mx + c is a normal to the hyperbola − = 1 if
2 2 2 a2 b2
m(a + b )
c2 =
(a2 − m2b2 )
 a2 mb2 
(v) Points of contact: Co-ordinates of the points of contact are  ± , .
 
 a2 − b2m2 a2 − b2m2 
x2 y2
(h) The equation of the director circle of the hyperbola = 1 is given by x2 + y2 = a2 – b2.
−
a2 b2
(i) Equation of the chord of contact of the tangents drawn from the external point (x1, y1) to the hyperbola is

xx1 yy1
given by − = 1.
2
a b2
x2 y2
( j) The equation of the chord of the hyperbola − = 1 whose mid point is (x1, y1) is T = S1.
a2 b2

(k) Equation of a chord joining points P(a sec f1, b tan f1) and Q (a sec f2, b tan f2) is

x  φ − φ2  y  φ1 + φ2   φ + φ2 
cos  1  − sin  cos  1
 = 
a  2  b  2   2 

(l) Equation of the polar of the point (x1, y1) w.r.t. the hyperbola is given by T = 0.

x2 y2  a2  b2m 
The pole of the line lx + my + n = 0 w.r.t. − = 1 is  − , 
a2 b2  n n 

x2 y2 b2
(m) The equation of a diameter of the hyperbola − = 1 corresponding to the chords of slope m is y = x
a2 b2 a2m
b2
(n) The diameters y = m1x and y = m2x are conjugate if m1m2 =
a2
(o) Asymptotes:
•• Asymptote to a curve touches the curve at infinity.
x2 y2 b
•• The equation of the asymptotes of the hyperbola − = 1 are y = ± x.
a2
b 2 a
1 2 . 3 0 | Hyperbola

•• The asymptote of a hyperbola passes through the centre of the hyperbola.

x2 y2 x2 y2
•• * The combined equation of the asymptotes of the hyperbola − = 1 is − =0
a2 b2 a2 b2
x2 y2 a2
•• * The angle between the asymptotes of − = 1 is 2 tan–1
or 2 sec–1 e.
a2 b2 b2
•• A hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola have the same asymptotes.
•• The bisector of the angles between the asymptotes are the coordinate axes.
•• Equation of the hyperbola – Equation of the asymptotes = constant.

(p) Rectangular or Equilateral Hyperbola:

•• A hyperbola for which a = b is said to be a rectangular hyperbola, its equation is x2 – y2 = a2.
•• xy = c2 represents a rectangular hyperbola with asymptotes x = 0, y = 0.
•• Eccentricity of a rectangular hyperbola is 2 and the angle between the asymptotes of a rectangular
hyperbola is 90º.
c
•• Parametric equation of the hyperbola xy = c2 are x = ct, y = , where t is a parameter.
t
•• Equation of a chord joining t1, t2 on xy = c2 is x + y t1t2 = c(t1 + t2)
x y
•• Equation of a tangent at (x1, y1) to xy = c2 is + = 2.
x1 y1
•• Equation of a tangent at t is x + yt2 = 2ct
•• Equation of the normal at (x1, y1) to xy = c2 is xx1 – yy1 = x12 – y12.
•• Equation of the normal at t on xy = c2 is xt3 – yt – ct4 + c = 0.
(i.e. Four normals can be drawn from a point to the hyperbola xy = c2)
•• If a triangle is inscribed in a rectangular hyperbola then its orthocentre lies on the hyperbola.
•• Equation of chord of the hyperbola xy = c2 whose middle point is given is T = S1.
 2ct1 t2 2c 
•• Point of intersection of tangents at t1 and t2 to the hyperbola xy = c2 is  , 
 t1 + t2 t1 + t2 

Solved Examples

JEE Main/Boards The equation of the hyperbola is

(x − 1)2 (y − 4)2
− =1
Example 1: Find the equation of the hyperbola whose a2 b2
foci are (6, 4) and (–4, 4) and eccentricity is 2. 5
The distance between the foci is 2ae = 10; ∴ a =
2
Sol: Calculate the value of ‘a’, by using the distance 25 75
b = a (e – 1) =
2 2 2
(4 – 1) =
between the two foci and eccentricity. Then calculate 4 4
the value of ‘b’. Using these two values find the equation Hence the equation of the hyperbola is
of the hyperbola.
(x − 1)2 (y − 4)2
Let S, S′ be the foci and C be the centre of the hyperbola − =1
25 75
S, S′ and C lie on the line y = 4. The co-ordinates of the
4 4
centre are (1, 4).
 M a them a ti cs | 12.31

Example 2: Obtain the equation of hyperbola whose [(a secθ + ae)2 + a2tan2q]
asymptotes are the straight lines x + 2y + 3 = 0 & 3x +
= a4[(sec2θ + tan2θ + e2)2 – 4e2sec2q]
4y + 5 = 0 and which passes through the point (1, –1)
= a4[(2sec2θ – 1 + 2)2 – 4.2 sec2q]
Sol: Use the following formula:
= a4[(2sec2θ + 1)2 – 8sec2q]
Equation of hyperbola – Equation of asymptotes =
= a4[(2sec2θ – 1)2]
constant.
∴ SP.S’P = a2(2sec2θ – 1)
The equation of the hyperbola, is
= a2(sec2θ + tan2θ)
(x + 2y + 3)(3x + 4y + 5) = k, k being a constant.
= CP2.
This passes through the point (1, –1)
∴ (1 + 2(–1) + 3)(3(1) + 4(–1) + 5) = k Example 5: Find the equation of the hyperbola
⇒ k=2×4=8 conjugate to the hyperbola
∴ The equation of the hyperbola is 2x2 + 3xy – 2y2 – 5x + 5y + 2 = 0
(x + 2y + 3)(3x + 4y + 5) = 8 Sol: Use the formula:
Equation Hyperbola + Conjugate Hyperbola
Example 3: If e and e′ are the eccentricities of two
hyperbolas conjugate to each other, = 2(Asympototes)
1 1 Let asymptotes be
show that + = 1.
2 2
e e′ 2x2 + 3xy – 2y2 – 5x + 5y + λ = 0
Sol: Start with the standard equation of two hyperbolas The equation above represents a pair of lines if
and eliminate ‘a’ and ‘b’.
abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0
x2 y2 y2 x2
Let − = 1 and − =1 ∴ λ = –5
a2 b2 b2 a2
Equation Hyperbola + Conjugate Hyperbola
be the two hyperbolas with eccentricities e and e′
respectively = 2(Asympototes)
2
1 a ∴ Conjugate Hyperbola
b2 = a2(e2 – 1) ⇒ =
e2 a2 + b2 = 2(Asymptotes) – Hyperbola
2
1 b 2x2 + 3xy – 2y2 – 5x + 5y – 8 = 0
a2 = b2(e¢2 – 1) ⇒ =
2 2 2
e′ a +b
1 1 a2 b2 Example 6: If (5, 12) and (24, 7) are the foci of a hyperbola
∴ + = + =1 passing through the origin then the eccentricity of the
e2 e′2 (a2 + b2 ) (a2 + b2 )
hyperbola is

Example 4: If any point P on the rectangular hyperbola Sol: Use the definition of the hyperbola S¢P – SP = 2a.
x2 – y2 = a2 is joined to its foci S, S′ show that SP.S¢P = Let S(5, 12) and S′(24, 7) be the two foci and P(0, 0) be
CP2, where C is the centre of the hyperbola. a point on the conic then

Sol: The eccentricity of a rectangular hyperbola is 2 . SP = 25 + 144 = 169 = 13;

Consider a parametric point on the hyperbola and
simplify the LHS. S¢P = (24)2 + 72 = 625 = 25

Any point on the rectangular hyperbola and SS′ = (24 − 5)2 + (7 − 12)2 = 192 + 52 = 386
x2 – y2 = a2 is P(a secθ, a tanθ) ; eccentricity of a
since the conic is a hyperbola, S¢P – SP = 2a, the length
rectangular hyperbola is 2 .
of transverse axis and SS′ = 2ae, e being the eccentricity.
S is (ae, 0), S′ is (–ae, 0) and C is (0, 0) SS′ 386
⇒ e= =
(SP) .(S’P) = [(a secθ – ae) + a tan q] ×
2 2 2 2 2
S′P − SP 12
1 2 . 3 2 | Hyperbola

Example 7: An equation of a tangent to the hyperbola. Equation of the normal at (x, y) is

16x2 – 25y2 – 96x + 100y – 356 = 0 which makes an angle
dx
π/4 with the transverse axis is Y–y= − (X – x) which meets the x-axis at G
dy
Sol: Write the equation of the hyperbola in the standard  dy  dy
 0, x + y  , then x + y = ± 2x
form and compare to get the equation of the tangent.  dx  dx
Equation of the hyperbola can be written as dy
⇒ x+y = 2x ⇒ y dy = x dx
dx
X2/52 – Y2/42 = 1 ….(i)
⇒ x2 – y2 = c
where X = x – 3 and Y = y – 2.
or y dy = –3x dx
Equation of a tangent which makes an angle π/4, with
the transverse axis X = 0 of (i) is ⇒ 3x2 + y2 = c

π π Thus the curve is either a hyperbola or an ellipse.

Y = tan X ± 25 tan2 − 16
4 4
Example 10: Find the centre, eccentricity, foci and
⇒ y–2=x–3± 25 − 16 directrices of the hyperbola
⇒ y–2=x–3±3 16x2 – 9y2 + 32x + 36y – 164 = 0
⇒ y = x + 2 or y = x – 4. Sol: Represent the equation of the hyperbola in the
standard form and compare.
Example 8: If the normal at P to the rectangular Here,
hyperbola x2 – y2 = 4 meets the axes of x and y in G and
g respectively and C is the centre of the hyperbola, then 16x2 + 32x + 16 – (9y2 – 36y + 36) – 144 = 0
prove that Gg=2PC. or 16(x + 1)2 – 9(y – 2)2 = 144

Sol: In the equation of a normal, find the point of (x + 1)2 (y − 2)2

∴ − =1
intersection with the axes and find the coordinates of 9 16
G and g. Putting x + 1 = X and y – 2 = Y, the equation becomes
Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 4 X2 Y2
− =1
then equation of the normal at P is 9 16
y1 which is in the standard form.
y – y1 = − (x − x1 )
x1
Q b2 = a2(e2 – 1), here a2 = 9 & b2 = 16
⇒ x1y + y1x = 2x1y1.
16 25 5
Then coordinates of G are (2x1, 0) and of g are (0, 2y1) ∴ e2 – 1 = ⇒ e2 = , i.e., e =
9 9 3
so that
Now, centre = (0, 0)X,Y = (–1, 2)
PG = (2x1 − x1 )2 + y12 = x12 + y12 = PC
 5 
foci = (±ae, 0)X,Y =  ±3. , 0  = (±5, 0)x, Y
Pg = x12 + (2y1 − y1 ) 2
= x12 + y12 = PC  3 X, Y
and = (–1 ± 5, 2) = (4, 2), (–6, 2)
Gg = (2x1 )2 + (2y1 )2 = 2 x12 + y12 = 2PC Directrices in X, Y coordinates have the equations

Hence proved. a 3
X± =0 or x+1± =0
e 5/3
Example 9: The normal to the curve at P(x, y) meets the 9
i.e., x + 1 ± =0
x-axis at G. If the distance of G from the origin is twice 5
the abscissa of P, then the curve is- 14 4
∴ x= − and x =
5 5
Sol: Similar to the previous question.
 M a them a ti cs | 12.33

JEE Advanced/Boards standard form of a tangent to a hyperbola and compare.

Equation of the chord PQ to the hyperbola is
2 2
x y
Example 1: S is the focus of the hyperbola − 1.
= x  θ − θ2  y  θ1 + θ2   θ1 + θ2 
2
a b2 cos  1  − sin   = cos  
a  2  b  2   2 
M is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from S on a
tangent to the hyperbola. Prove that the locus of M is
x y  θ + θ2   θ1 + θ2 
x2 + y2 = a2. cos α − sin  1  = cos  
a b  2   2 
Sol: Use the definition of an auxiliary circle.
b cos α b cos ( (θ1 + θ2 ) / 2 )
Let M = (x1, y1) be any point on the locus. y= x−  … (i)
a sin ( (θ1 + θ2 ) / 2 ) sin ( (θ1 + θ2 ) / 2 )
Let the equation of the corresponding tangent to the
x2 y 2 For line y = mx + c to be a tangent to
hyperbola − = 1 be
a2 b2
x2 y2
y = mx ± 2
a m −b 2 2 − = 1 we have
a2 b2
(the sign is chosen according to the position of M) c2 = a2m2 – b2
But M(x1, y1) lies on it
x2 cos2 α y2
2 2 2 − = 1  … (ii)
∴ y1 = mx1 ± a m −b  … (i) a2 b2
Segment SM is perpendicular to the given tangent. If (i) is tangent to (ii), then, we must have
1
∴ Slope of segment SM is −  bcos ( (θ1 + θ2 ) / 2 ) 
2
m  θ + θ2 
  = b2 cot2  1
 sin ( (θ + θ ) / 2 )   2 
and S ≡ (ae, 0)  1 2   
1
∴ Equation of SM is (y – 0) = − (x − ae) which is true.
m
But M(x1, y1) lies on it
1 Example 3: Show that the portion of the tangent to
y1 = − (x − ae)  … (ii) x2 y 2
m 1 the hyperbola − = 1 intercepted between the
a2 b2
From (i), (y1 – mx1) = ± a2m2 − b2
asymptotes is bisected at the point of contact. Also
From (ii), (my1 + x1) = ae show that the area of the triangle formed by this
tangent and the asymptotes is constant.
Squaring and adding we get the required locus of M
Sol: Calculate the point of intersection of the tangent
y12(1 + m2) + x12(1 + m2) = a2e2 + a2m2 – a2(e2 – 1) and the asymptotes and then prove the statement.
∴ x12 + y12 = a2 x2 y2
− = 1 … (i)
Note: This is the equation of the auxiliary circle a2 b2
equation of the tangent at P(x1, y1) is

Example 2: PQ is the chord joining the points θ1 and xx1 yy1

− = 1 … (ii)
2
x2 y 2 a b2
θ2 on the hyperbola − =1. If θ1 – θ2 = 2α, where Y
a2 b2 Q
α is a constant, prove that PQ touches the hyperbola P
O
2 2 2
x cos α y
− =1
2
a b2 R
Sol: Write the equation of the chord passing through
the points q1 and q2. Represent this equation in the Equation of the asymptotes are
1 2 . 3 4 | Hyperbola

x y Similarly, the equation of altitude through Q

− = 0  … (iii) perpendicular to RP is
a b
 c 
x y y + ct1t2t3 = t3t1  x +  … (iii)
and + = 0 … (iv) t1 t2 t3 
a b 
If Q and R are the points of intersection of the tangent Solving (ii) and (iii), we get
at P with the asymptotes, then solving the equation (ii)
and (iii), we get  c 
∴ Orthocentre =  − , − c t1 t2 t3 

 a b   t1 t2 t3 
Q =  , 
 (x1 / a) − (y1 / b) (x1 / a) − (y1 / b)  These co-ordinates satisfy (i)

Solving the equation (ii) and (iv), we get Hence proved.

 a −b 
R =  ,  Example 5: Find the equation of the hyperbola,
 (x1 / a) + (y1 / b) (x1 / a) + (y1 / b)  whose eccentricity is 5/4, whose focus is
(a, 0) and whose directrix is 4x – 3y = a. Find also the
The midpoint of QR has coordinate (x1, y1) which is also
coordinates of the centre and the equation to other
the point of contact of the tangent.
directrix.
Area of ∆OQR =
Sol: Use the basic definition of a hyperbola.
 a  −b 
    (4x − 3y − a)2
1  (x1 / a) − (y1 / b)   (x1 / a) + (y1 / b) 
  (x – a)2 + (y – 0)2 = e2
25
2  b  a 
−     x2 – 2ax + a2 + y2 =
 
 (x1 / a) − (y1 / b)   (x1 / a) + (y1 / b) 
25 1
(16x2 + 9y2 + a2 – 24xy – 8ax + 6ay)×
=ab sq. units 16 25
7y2 + 24xy – 24ax – 6ay + 15a2 = 0  … (i)
Example 4: Prove that if a rectangular hyperbola
circumscribes a triangle it also passes through the S’
Directrix
orthocentre of the triangle.
M 4x-3y=a
Sol: Take three points on the hyperbola and find C
Directrix
the coordinates of the orthocentre. Prove that the P
orthocentre satisfies the equation of the hyperbola.
S’(a,0)
Let the equation of the curve referred to its asymptotes Transverse axis
be xy = c2  ….(i)
Let the angular points of the triangle be P, Q and R and Differentiating with respect to ‘x’
let their co-ordinates be 24y – 24a = 0  … (ii)
 c  c Differentiating with respect to ‘y’
P ≡  ct1 , , Q ≡  ct2 ,  and
 t1   t2 
14y + 24x – 6a = 0  … (iii)
 c
R ≡  ct3 ,  respectively. Solving (ii) and (iii)
 t3 
C ≡ (–a/3, a)
Equation of QR is x + t2t3 y = c (t2 + t3)
Transverse axis is
The equation of altitude through P and perpendicular
3x + 4y = 3a
to QR is
‘P’ is the point of intersection of the transverse axis and
c
y– = t2t3(x – ct1) the directrix:
t1
 13a 9a 
 ∴ P≡  ,  ‘C’ is mid point of MP
c   25 25 
i.e. y + c t1t2t3 = t2t3  x +  … (ii)
 t1 t2 t3 
 M a them a ti cs | 12.35

 −89a 41a  Circle with foci (ae, 0) and (–ae, 0) as diameter is

∴ M=  , 
 75 25  (x – ax)(x + ae) + (y – 0)(y – 0) = 0
Equation of the other directrix 4x – 3y = λ, passes i.e. x2 + y2 = a2e2 = a2 + b2 … (i)
through the ‘M’
[∵ a2e2 = a2 + b2]
∴ 12x – 9y + 29a = 0
Let the chord of contact of P(x1, y1) touch the circle (i).
Equation of the chord of contact of P is [T = 0]
Example 6: Find the centre, eccentricity, foci, directrices
and the length of the transverse and conjugate axes of xx1 yy1
− =1
the hyperbola, whose equation is (x – 1)2 – 2(y – 2)2 + a 2
b2
6 = 0. i.e. b2x1x – a2y1y – a2b2 = 0 … (ii)
Sol: Represent the equation of the hyperbola in the This equation is tangent to the circle if
standard form and proceed.
a2b2
= ± (a2 + b2 )
(b 4 x12 + a4 y12 )
The equation of the hyperbola can be re-written as
(x − 1)2 (y − 2)2 Hence locus of P (x1, y1) is (b4x2 + a4y2) (a2 + b2) = a4b4.
− + =1
( 6 )2 ( 3)2
1
Example 8: An ellipse has eccentricity and one
Y2 X2 2
⇒ − =1 1 
( 3)2 ( 6 )2 focus at the point P  , 1  . One of its directrices is
2 
Where Y = (y – 2) and X = (x – 1) … (i) the common tangent, to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 and the
hyperbola x2 – y2 = 1, nearer to P. The equation of the
∴ Centre: X = 0, Y = 0 i.e. (1, 2)
ellipse in the standard form is.
So a = 3 and b = 6
Sol: he circle x2 + y2 = 1 is the auxiliary circle of the
so transverse axis = 2 3 ,
hyperbola x2 – y2 = 1 and they touch each other at the
and conjugate axis = 2 6 points (±1, 0). Use the definition of the ellipse to get
the final equation.
Also b2 = a2(e2 – 1)
The common tangent at these points are x = ±1.
⇒ 6 = 3(e2 – 1) i.e. e = 3 1 
Since x = 1 is near to the focus P  , 1  , this is the
In (X, Y) coordinates, foci are (0, ±ae) 2 
directrix of the required ellipse.
i.e. (0, ±3)
2 2
∴ foci are (1 + 0, 2 ± 3) x -y =1
i.e. (1, 5) and (1, –1)
Equations of directrices Y = ±a/e 2 2
x +y =1
∴ Directrices are y – 2 = ±1 x=1
⇒ y = 3, y = 1. Therefore, by definition, the equation of the ellipse is
2 2 2
 1 1   x −1
 x −  + ( y − 1) =
2
Example 7: Prove that the locus of a point whose chord    
of contact touches the circle described on the straight  2 2  1 
2
x2 y2  1
line joining the foci of the hyperbola − = 1 as the ⇒ 9  x −  + 12(y – 1)2 = 1.
a2 b2  3
x2 y2 1
diameter is + = .
a4 b4 (a2 + b2 ) Example 9: Prove that the angle subtended by any
chord of a rectangular hyperbola at the centre is the
Sol: Check if the line T = 0 is a tangent to the circle with
supplement of the angle between the tangents at the
two foci as the end points of the diameter.
ends of the chord.
1 2 . 3 6 | Hyperbola

Sol: Using the equation of chord, find the angle x2 y2

subtended at the centre and at the intersection of the Example 10: If a chord of ellipse + =1
a2 b2
tangents.
x2 y2
touches the hyperbola − = 1, show that the
Let P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) be two ends of a chord of the a2 b2
rectangular hyperbola
2
 x2 y 2  x2 y 2
x2 – y2 = 1  …..(i) locus of its middle point is  +  = − .
R  a2 b2  a2 b2
 
Sol: Apply the condition of tangency in the equation
O of the chord.

P Q Let M(α, β) be the middle point of the chord PQ of the

ellipse
y1 x2 y2
Now, ‘m’ of OP = + = 1 ….(i)
x1
a2 b2
y2
‘m’ of OQ = The equation of the chord is
x2
xα yβ α2 β2
y1 y 2 + = +
− a2 b2 a2 b2
x1 x2 x2 y1 − x1 y 2
∴ tan θ = = ,
y y x1 x2 + y1 y 2 xb2 α b2  α2 β2 
1+ 1 . 2 ⇒ y=
− +  + 
x1 x2 a2β β  a2 b2 

Where ∠POQ = θ, This line is tangent to hyperbola if

The equations of tangents at P and Q are c2 a2m2 − b2
=
2 2
xx1 – yy1 = 1 and xx2 – yy2 = 1.  b2  α2 β2    b2 α 
x1 x2 ⇒   +  = a2   − b2
 β  a2 b2    a2β 
Their slopes are y and y .     
1 2
2
x1 x2  α2 β2  α2 β2
− ⇒  +  = −
y1 y 2 x1 y 2 − x2 y1  a2 b2  a2 b2
∴ tan φ = =  
x1 x2 y1 y 2 + x1 x2
1+ . ∴ The equation of the required locus of the middle
y1 y 2 point (α, β) is
∴ tan θ and tan φ are equal in magnitude but opposite 2
in sign  x2 y 2  x2 y 2
 2 + 2  =2 − 2
a b  a b
∴ tan θ = – tan φ = tan (π – φ) 
∴ θ + φ = π. Hence, proved.

JEE Main/Boards

Exercise 1 Q.3 Show that the line 21x + 5y = 116 touches the
hyperbola 7x2 – 5y2 = 232 and find the co-ordinates of
the point of contact.
Q.1 Find the centre, eccentricity and foci of the
hyperbola 9x2 – 16y2 – 18x – 64y – 199 = 0
Q.4 Find the locus of the middle points of the portion
Q.2 Find the equation to the tangent to the hyperbola x2 y 2
of the tangents to the hyperbola − = 1 included
4x2 – 3y2 = 13 at the point (2,1). a2 b2
between the axes.
 M a them a ti cs | 12.37

Q.5 A point P moves such that the tangents PT1 and at the point Q(h, k), prove that
PT2 from it to the hyperbola 4x2 – 9y2 = 36 are mutually (i) x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = h (ii) y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 = k
perpendicular. Find the equation of the locus of P.
(iii) x1x2x3x4 = y1y2y3y4 = –c4

Q.6 Find the equations of the two tangents to the

Q.17 Find the locus of the points of intersection of two
hyperbola xy = 27 which are perpendicular to the
x2 y 2
straight line 4x – 3y = 7. tangents to a hyperbola − = 1, if sum of their
a2 b2
slopes is a constant λ.
Q.7 Find the equation of the hyperbola which has
3x – 4y + 7 = 0 and 4x+3y+1 = 0 for its asymptotes and x2 y2
Q.18 A variable tangent to the hyperbola − =1
which passes through the origin. a2 b2
meets the transverse axis at Q and to the tangent at the
Q.8 Find the equation of chord of contact of tangents vertex (a, 0) at R. Show that the locus of the mid point of QR is
drawn from the point (–5, 2) to the hyperbola xy = 25. x(4y2 + b2) = ab2.

Q.9 Find the eccentric angle of the point lying in fourth Q.19 A tangent to the parabola x2 = 4ay meets the
quadrant on the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 4 whose distance hyperbola xy = k2 in two points P and Q. Prove that the
from the centre is 12 units. middle point of PQ lies on a parabola.

Q.10 Find the acute angle between the asymptotes of Q.20 Show that the locus of the middle points of the
4x2 – y2 = 16. normal chords of the rectangular hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2
is (y2 – x2)3 = 4a2x2y2.

Q.11 If the tangent and normal to a rectangular

hyperbola cut off intercepts a1 and a2 on one axis and x2 y 2
Q.21 Given a hyperbola − = 1 and circle x2 + y2 = 9.
b1 and b2 on the other axis, shows that a1a2 + b1b2 = 0. 9 4
Find the locus of mid point of chord of contact drawn
Q.12 Show that the area of the triangle formed by the from a point on the hyperbola to the circle.
two asymptotes of the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 and
2 Q.22 A rectangular hyperbola whose centre is C, is cut
1  x − y1 
2 2
the normal at (x1, y1) on the hyperbola is  1  . by a circle of radius r in four points P, Q, R, S. Prove that
2 c 
  CP2 + CQ2 + CR2 + CS2 = 4r2.

Q.13 PN is the ordinate of any point P on the hyperbola

Q.23 The normal at the three points P, Q, R on a
x2 y 2
− = 1. If Q divides AP in the ratio a2: b2, show that rectangular hyperbola, intersect at a point S on the
2 2
a b curve. Prove that the centre of the hyperbola is the
NQ is perpendicular to A¢P where A′A is the transverse centroid of the triangle PQR.
axis of the hyperbola.
Q.24 A parallelogram is constructed with its sides
Q.14 A normal to the hyperbola x2 – 4y2 = 4 meets the x parallel to the asymptotes of a hyperbola and one of
and y axes at A and B respectively. Find the locus of the its diagonals is a chord of the hyperbola, show that the
point of intersection of the straight lines drawn through other diagonal passes through the centre.
A and B perpendicular to the x and y axes respectively.
Q.25 If the straight line y = mx + 2c −m touches the
Q.15 In any hyperbola, prove that the tangent at any hyperbola xy = c2 then the co-ordinates of the point
point bisects the angle between the focal distances of contact are (……………..,)
the point.
Q.26 If the normal to the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2
Q.16 If the normals at four points Pi(xi, yi) at the point ‘t’ meets the curve again at ‘t1’ then t3t1 has
i = 1, 2, 3, 4 on the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 meet the value equal to …………………………….
1 2 . 3 8 | Hyperbola

Exercise 2 Q.9 Which of the following pair may represent the

eccentricities of two conjugate hyperbola for all
Single Correct Choice Type α ∈ (0, π/2) ?
(A) sin α, cos α (B) tan α, cot α
Q.1 The line 5x + 12y = 9 touches the hyperbola
(C) sec α, cosec α (D) 1 + sinα, 1 + cosα
x2 – 9y2 = 9 at the point-
(A) (–5, 4/3) (B) (5, –4/3) x2 y 2
Q.10 The number of normals to the hyperbola −
(C) (3, –1/2) (D) None of these = 1 from an external point is- a2 b2

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 5

Q.2 The length of the latus rectum of the hyperbola
x2 y 2 Q.11 A rectangular hyperbola circumscribe a triangle
− = –1 is-
a2 b2 ABC, then it will always pass through its-
2a2 2b2 b2 a2 (A) Orthocentre (B) Circum centre
(A) (B) (C) (D)
b a a b
(C) Centroid (D) Incentre

Q.3 The area of the square whose sides are the  c

directrixes of the hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2 and its conjugate Q.12 If the normal at  ct,  on the curve xy = c2 meets
 t
hyperbola, is-
the curve again at t′ then-
(A) a2 (B) 2a2 (C) 4a2 (D) 8a2
−1 1
(A) t′ = (B) t′ =
t 3 t
Q.4 The number of possible tangents which can
be drawn to the curve 4x2 – 9y2 = 36, which are 1 −1
(C) t′ = (D) t¢2 =
perpendicular to the straight line 5x + 2y – 10 = 0 is - t 2
t2
(A) Zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
Q.13 The centre of the hyperbola 9x2 – 16y2 – 36x +
96y – 252 = 0 is-
Q.5 If m is a variable, the locus of the point of intersection
(A) (2, 3) (B) (–2, –3) (C) (–2, 3) (D) (2, –3)
x y x y 1
of the lines − = m and + = is a/an -
3 2 3 2 m
Q.14 The tangents from (1, 2 2 ) to the hyperbola 16x2
(A) Parabola (B) Ellipse – 25y2 = 400 include between them an angle equal to-
(C) Hyperbola (D) None of these π π π π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 2
Q.6 The eccentricity of the hyperbola with its principal
axes along the co-ordinate axes and which passes Q.15 The number of points from where a pair of
through (3, 0) and ( 3 2 , 2) is- perpendicular tangents can be drawn to the hyperbola,
x2sec2α – y2cosec2α = 1, α ∈ (0, π/4) is-
1 13 5 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Infinite
3 3 3 3

Q.7 The eccentricity of the conic represented by x2 y2

Q.16 If hyperbola = 1 passes through the focus
−
x2 – y2 – 4x +4y + 16 = 0 is- b2 a2
2 2
x y
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 1/2 of ellipse + = 1 then eccentricity of hyperbola is-
2
a b2
2
Q.8 An ellipse and a hyperbola have the same centre (A) 2 (B) (C) 3 (D) None of these
origin, the same foci and the minor-axis of the one is 3
the same as the conjugate axis of the other. If e1, e2 be
1 1 x2 y2
their eccentricities respectively, then + = Q.17 If the curves + = 1, (a > b) and x2 – y2 = c2
2 2
e1 e22
2 a b
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) None of these cut at right angles then-
 M a them a ti cs | 12.39

(A) a2 + b2 = 2c2 (B) b2 – a2 = 2c2 Previous Years’ Questions

(C) a2 – b2 = 2c2 (D) a2b2 = 2c2
x2 y2
2 2 Q.1 The equation − = 1, | r |<1 represents-
x y 1 1−r 1+r
Q.18 Two conics − = 1 and x2 = − y intersect
if - a 2
b 2 b  (1981)

1 1 (A) An ellipse (B) A hyperbola

(A) 0 < b ≤ (B) 0 < a <
2 2 (C) A circle (D) None of these

(C) a2 < b2 (D) a2 > b2

Q.2 Let P(a sec θ, b tan θ) and Q(a sec φ, b tan φ), where
π x2 y 2
θ + φ = , be two points on the hyperbola − =
Q.19 The locus of the mid points of the chords passing 2 a2 b2
x2 y 2 1. If (h, k) is the point of the intersection of the normals
through a fixed point (α, β) of the hyperbola, −
a2 b2 at P and Q, then k is equal to- (1999)
= 1 is-
α β a2 + b2  a2 + b2  a2 + b2  a2 + b2 
(A) A circle with centre  ,  (A) (B) −   (C) (D) − 
a  a  b  b 
 2 2    
α β
(B) An ellipse with centre  , 
 2 2 Q.3 If x = 9 is the chord of contact of the hyperbola x2
– y2 = 9, then the equation of the corresponding pair of
α β
(C) A hyperbola with centre  ,  tangents is- (1999)
 2 2
(A) 9x2 – 8y2 + 18x – 9 = 0
α β
(D) Straight line through  ,  (B) 9x2 – 8y2 – 18x + 9 = 0
 2 2
(C) 9x2 – 8y2 – 18x – 9 = 0
Q.20 If the eccentricity of the hyperbola
(D) 9x2 – 8y2 + 18x + 9 = 0
x2 – y2sec2a = 5 is 3 times the eccentricity of the
ellipse x2sec2a + y2 = 25, then a value of α is- x2 y2
Q.4 For hyperbola −= 1, which of the
(A) π/6 (B) π/4 (C) π/3 (D) π/2 cos2 α sin2 α
following remains constant with change in ‘α’ ?(2003)
Q.21 For all real values of m, the straight line y = mx + (A) Abscissa of vertices (B) Abscissa of foci
2
9m − 4 is a tangent to the curve- (C) Eccentricity (D) Directrix
(A) 9x + 4y = 36
2 2
(B) 4x + 9y = 36
2 2

Q.5 If the line 2x + 6 y = 2 touches the hyperbola x2

(C) 9x2 – 4y2 = 36 (D) 4x2 – 9y2 = 36
– 2y2 = 4, then the point of contact is- (2004)

Q.22 Locus of the middle points of the parallel chords (A) (–2, 6 ) (B) (–5, 2 6 )
with gradient m of the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 is-
1 1 
(A) y + mx = 0 (B) y – mx = 0 (C)  ,  (D) (4, − 6 )
2 6 
(C) my – mx = 0 (D) my + x = 0
x2 y 2
Q.6 If e1 is the eccentricity of the ellipse + = 1 and
16 25
Q.23 The locus of the middle points of chords of e2 is the eccentricity of the hyperbola passing through
hyperbola 3x2 – 2y2 + 4x – 6y = 0 parallel to y = 2x is- the foci of the ellipse and e1e2 = 1, then equation of the
hyperbola is- (2006)
(A) 3x – 4y = 4 (B) 3y – 4x + 4 = 0
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
(C) 4x – 4y = 3 (D) 3x – 4y = 2 (A) − = 1 (B) − = –1
9 16 16 9
x2 y 2
(C) − = 1 (D) None of these
9 25
1 2 . 4 0 | Hyperbola

x2 y2
Q.7 A hyperbola, having the transverse axis of length Q.9 Let P(6, 3) be a point on the hyperbola −
2sinθ, is confocal with the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12. Then a2 b2
its equation is-  (2007) = 1. If the normal at the point P intersect the x-axis at

(A) x2cosec2θ – y2sec2θ = 1 (B) x2sec2θ – y2cosec2θ = 1 (9, 0), then the eccentricity of the hyperbola is- (2011)
(C) x2sin2θ – y2cos2θ = 1 (D) x2cos2θ – y2sin2θ = 1 5 3
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 3
2 2
Q.8 Consider a branch of the hyperbola
x2 – 2y2 – 2 2 x – 4 2y–6=0 Q.10 The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose length
with vertex at the point A. Let B be one of the end points of the latus rectum is equal to 8 and the length of its
of its latus rectum. If C is the focus of the hyperbola conjugate axis is equal to half of the distance between
nearest to the point A, then the area of the triangle ABC its foci, is:  (2016)
is-  (2008) 4 2 4
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D)
2 3 3 3 3
(A) 1 − sq. unit (B) − 1 sq. unit
3 2
2 3
(C) 1 + sq. unit (D) + 1 sq. unit
3 2

JEE Advanced/Boards

Exercise 1 Q.7 Find the equation of the tangent to the hyperbola

x2 – 4y2 = 36 which is perpendicular to the line
Q.1 Find the equation to the hyperbola whose directrix x – y + 4 = 0.
is 2x + y = 1 focus (1, 1) and eccentricity 3 . Find also
the length of its latus rectum.
Q.8 If θ1 and θ2 are the parameters of the extremities of
a chord through (ae, 0) of a hyperbola x2/a2 – y2/b2 = 1,
Q.2 The hyperbola x2/a2 – y2/b2 = 1 passes through the
then show that
point of inter-section of the lines. 7x + 13y – 87 = 0 and
5x – 8y + 7 = 0 and the latus rectum is 32 3 /5. Find ‘a’ θ1 θ2 e −1
tan tan + = 0.
& ‘b’. 2 2 e+1

Q.3 For the hyperbola x2/100 – y2/25 = 1, prove that the Q.9 If C is the centre of hyperbola x2/a2 – y2/b2 = 1, S, S′
(i) eccentricity = 5 /2 its foci and P a point on it. Prove that SP.S´P = CP2 – a2 + b2.
(ii) SA.S′A = 25, where S and S′ are the foci and A is the
vertex. Q.10 Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola 3x2 – 2y2 =
25 from the point (0, 5/2). Find their equations.
Q.4 Find the centre, the foci, the directrices, the length
of the latus rectum, the length and the equations of the Q.11 If the tangent at the point (h, k) to the hyperbola
axes and the asymptotes of the hyperbola x2/a2 – y2/b2 = 1 cuts the auxiliary circle in points whose
16x2 – 9y2 + 32x + 36y – 164 = 0. ordinates are y1 and y2 then prove that 1/y1 + 1/y2 = 2/k.

Q.5 If a rectangular hyperbola have the equation, Q.12 Tangents are drawn from the point (α, β) to the
xy = c2, prove that the locus of the middle point of the hyperbola 3x2 – 2y2 = 6 and are inclined at angles θ and
chords of constant length 2d is (x2 + y2)(xy – c2) = d2xy. φ to the x-axis. If tanθ . tanφ = 2, prove that β2 = 2α2 – 7.

Q.6 If m1 and m2 are the slopes of the tangents to the

Q.13 Find the number of normal which can be drawn
hyperbola x2/25 – y2/16 = 1 through the point (6, 2),
find the value of (i) m1 + m2 and (ii) m1m2.
 M a them a ti cs | 12.41

from an external point on the hyperbola

x2 − y 2
= 1.
Exercise 2
2 2
a b
Single Correct Choice Type
Q.14 The perpendicular from the centre upon the
x2 y 2
normal on any point of the hyperbola x2/a2 – y2/b2 = 1 Q.1 Locus of middle point of all chords of −
4 9
meets at R. Find the locus of R.
= 1. Which are at distance of ‘2’ units from vertex of
parabola y2 = – 8ax is-
Q.15 If the normal at a point P to the hyperbola
2
x2/a2 – y2/b2 = 1 meets the x-axis at G, show that  x2 y 2  xy  x2 y 2   x2 y 2 
SG = e. SP, S being the focus of the hyperbola. (A)  + = (B)  −  = 4  + 
 4 9  6  4 9   16 81 
    
2
Q.16 Show that the area of the triangle formed by  x2 y 2   x2 y 2 
(C)  +  = +  (D) None of these
the lines x – y = 0, x + y = 0 and any tangent to the  4 9   9 4 
 
hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2 is a2.
x2 y2
Q.2 Tangents at any point on the hyperbola =1 −
Q.17 Find the locus of the middle point of the chords a2 b2
of hyperbola 3x2 – 2y2 + 4x – 6y = 0 parallel to y = 2x. cut the axes at A and B respectively. If the rectangle
OAPB (where O is origin) is completed then locus of
Q.18 The line y = mx + 6 is tangent to the hyperbola point P is given by-
x2 y2 a2 b2 a2 b2
− 1 at certain point. Find the value of m.
= (A) − = 1 (B) + =1
102 72 x2 y2 x2 y2
a2 b2
Q.19 A point P divides the focal length of the hyperbola (C) − = 1 (D) None of these
9x2 – 16y2 = 144 in the ratio S¢P: SP = 2: 3 where S and S′ y2 x2
are the foci of the hyperbola. Through P a straight line
is drawn at an angle of 135º to the axes OX. Find the Q.3 The locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the
points of intersection of the line with the asymptotes of centre of the hyperbola xy = c2 on a variable tangent is-
the hyperbola. (A) (x2 – y2)2 = 4c2xy (B) (x2 + y2)2 = 2c2xy
(C) (x2 – y2) = 4x2xy (D) (x2 + y2)2 = 4c2xy
Q.20 Find the equation of tangent to the hyperbola
x2 – 2y2 = 18 which is perpendicular to the line y = x. Q.4 The point of intersection of the curves whose
parametric equation are x = t2 + 1, y = 2t and x = 2s,
Q.21 If a chord joining the points P(a secθ, a tan θ) and y = 2/s is given by-
Q(a sec φ, a tan φ) on the hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2 is a normal
(A) (1, –3) (B) (2, 2) (C) (–2, 4) (D) (1, 2)
to it at P, then show that tan φ = tan θ (4 sec2θ – 1).

x2 y2
Q.22 Find the equations of the tangents to the Q.5 P is a point on the hyperbola = 1 , N is the
−
hyperbola x2 – 9y2 = 9 that are drawn from (3, 2). Find a2 b2
foot of the perpendicular from P on the transverse axis.
the area of the triangle that these tangents form with
The tangent to the hyperbola at p meets the transverse
their chord of contact.
axis at T. If O is the centre to the hyperbola, the OT.ON
is equal to-
Q.23 Let ‘p’ be the perpendicular distance from the
centre C of the hyperbola x2/a2 – y2/b2 = 1 to the tangent (A) e2 (B) a2 (C) b2 (D) b2/a2
drawn at point R on the hyperbola. If S and S′ are the
Q.6 The equation to the chord joining two point (x1, y1)
two foci of the hyperbola, then show that
and (x2, y2) on the rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 is-
 b2 
(RS + RS′)2 = 4a2  1 + . x y x y
 p2  (A) + = 1 (B) + =1
 x1 + x2 y1 + y 2 x1 − x2 y1 − y 2
x y x y
(C) + = 1 (D) + =1
y1 − y 2 x1 − x2 y1 − y 2 x1 − x2
1 2 . 4 2 | Hyperbola

Q.7 The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus (C) x = et + e–t & y = et – e–t
rectum is 8 and conjugate axis is equal to half the t
(D) x2 – 6 = 2cot & y2 + 2 = 4cos2 2
distance between the foci, is-
4 4 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these Q.14 Circles are drawn on chords of the rectangular
3 3 3 hyperbola xy = a2 parallel to the line y = x as diameters.
All such circles pass through two fixed points whose
Q.8 The equation to the chord of the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 9 co-ordinates are-
which is bisected at (5, –3) is-
(A) (c, c) (B) (c, –c) (C) (–c, c) (D) (–c, –c)
(A) 5x + 3y = 9 (B) 5x – 3y = 16
(C) 5x + 3y = 16 (D) 5x – 3y = 9 Q.15 If the normal at (xi, yi) i = 1, 2, 3, 4 to its rectangular
hyperbola xy = 2 meet at the point (3, 4), then-
dx 3y (A) x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 3 (B) y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 = 4
Q.9 The differential equation = represents a
dy 2x
family of hyperbolas (except when it represents a pair (C) x1x2x3x4 = –4 (D) y1y2y3y4 = –4
of lines) with eccentricity-
3 5 2 5
Q.16 If (5, 12) and (24, 7) are the foci of a conic passing
(A) (B) (C) (D) through the origin then the eccentricity of conic is-
5 3 5 2
(A) 386 / 12 (B) 386 / 13 (C) 386 / 25 (D) 386 / 38
Multiple Correct Choice Type
Q.17 The value of m for which y = mx + 6 is a tangent
Q.10 Equation of a tangent passing through (2, 8) to x2 y2
the hyperbola 5x2 – y2 = 5 is- to the hyperbola − = 1 is-
100 49
(A) 3x – y + 2 = 0 (B) 3x + y – 14 = 0
 17   17   20   20 
(C) 23x – 3y – 22 = 0 (D) 3x – 23y + 178 = 0 (A)   (B) −   (C)   (D) −  
 20   20   17   17 
Q.11 The equation 16x2 – 3y2 – 32x + 12y – 44 = 0
represent a hyperbola - x2 y2
Q.18 The equation + = 1 represents-
12 − k k − 8
(A) The length of whose transverse axis is 4 3
(A) A hyperbola if k < 8
(B) The length of whose conjugate axis is 8
(B) An ellipse if 8 < k < 12, k ≠ 10
(C) Those centre is (1, 2)
(C) A hyperbola if 8 < k < 12
19
(D) Those eccentricity is (D) Circle if k = 10
3

Q.12 A common tangent to 9x2 – 16y2 = 144 and x2 + Q.19 Equations of a common tangent to the two
y2 = 9 is- x2 y 2 y 2 x2
hyperbolas − =1& − = 1 is-
3 15 2 15 a2 b2 a2 b2
(A) y = x+ (B) y = 3 x+
7 7 7 7
(A) y = x + a2 − b2 (B) y = x – a2 − b2
3 2 15
(C) y = 2 x + 15 7 (D) y = 3 x− (C) y = – x + a2 − b2 (D) y= – x – a2 − b2
7 7 7
Q.13 Which of the following equation in parametric
Q.20 The equation of the tangent lines to the hyperbola
form can represent a hyperbola, profile, where ‘t’ is a
x2 – 2y2 = 18 which are perpendicular the line y = x are-
parameter
a 1 b 1 (A) y = –x + 7 (B) y = –x + 3
(A) x =  t +  & y =  t − 
2 t 2 t (C) y = –x – 4 (D) y = –x – 3
tx y x ty
(B) − +t=0& + –1=0
a b a b
 M a them a ti cs | 12.43

Q.21 The co-ordinate of a focus of the hyperbola et + e − t et − e − t

9x2 – 16y2 + 18x + 32y – 151 = 0 are- Q.4 For any real t, x = ,y= is a point
2 2
(A) (–1, 1) (B) (6, 1) (C) (4, 1) (D) (–6, 1) on the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 1. Find the area bounded by
this hyperbola and the lines joining its centre to the
points corresponding to t1 and –t2.  (1982)
Q.22 If (a sec θ, b tan θ) & (a sec φ, b tan φ) are the ends of
x2 y 2 θ ϕ
a focal chord of − =1, then tan tan equal to- Q.5 Tangents are drawn from any point o the hyperbola
a2
b 2 2 2
x2 y 2
e −1 1−e e+1 e+1 − = 1 to the circle x2 + y2 = 9. Find the locus of
(A) (B) (C) (D) 9 4
e+1 1+e 1−e e −1 mid point of the chord of contact.  (2005)

Q.23 If the normal at P to the rectangular hyperbola

x2 – y2 = 4 meets the axes in G and g and C is the centre Paragraph 6 to 7:
of the hyperbola, then- x2 y 2
The circle x2 + y2 – 8x = 0 and hyperbola − =1
(A) PG = PC (B) Pg = PC (C) PG = Pg (D) Gg = PC 9 4
intersect at the points A and B.  (2010)

Previous Years’ Questions Q.6 Equation of a common tangent with positive slope
to the circle as well as to the hyperbola is-
Q.1 If the circle x2 + y2 = a2 intersects the hyperbola
xy = c2 in four points P(x1, y1), Q(x1, y1), R(x3, y3), S(x4, y4), (A) 2x – 5 y – 20 = 0 (B) 2x – 5y+4=0
then- (1998) (C) 3x – 4y + 8 = 0 (D) 4x – 3y + 4 = 0
(A) x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0 (B) y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 = 0
Q.7 Equation of the circle with AB as its diameter is-
(C) x1x2x3x4 = c4 (D) y1y2y3y4 = c4
(A) x2 + y2 – 12x + 24 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 + 12x + 24 = 0
Q.2 An ellipse intersects the hyperbola 2x2 – 2y2 = 1 (C) x2 + y2 + 24x – 12 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 24x – 12 = 0
orthogonally. The eccentricity of the ellipse is reciprocal
to that of the hyperbola. If the axes of the ellipse are
Q.8 The line 2x + y = 1 is tangent to the hyperbola
along the coordinate axes, then  (2009)
x2 y 2
(A) Equation of ellipse is x2 + 2y2 = 2 − = 1. If this line passes through the point of
a2 b2
(B) The foci of ellipse are (± 1, 0) intersection of the nearest directrix and the x-axis, then
(C) Equation of ellipse is x2+2y2 = 4 the eccentricity of the hyperbola is ……..  (2010)

(D) The foci of ellipse are (± 2 , 0)

Q.9 Consider a branch of the hyperbola
2 2
x y x2 − 2y 2 − 2 2x − 4 2y − 6 =with
0 vertex at the point
Q.3 Let the eccentricity of the hyperbola − =1
2 2
a b A. Let B be one of the end points of its latus rectum. If
be reciprocal to that of the ellipse x + 4y = 4. If the
22 C is the focus of the hyperbola nearest to the point A,
hyperbola passes through a focus of the ellipse, then then the area of the triangle ABC is (2008)
 (2011) 2 3 2 3
x 2
y 2 (A) 1 − (B) −1 (C) 1 + (D) +1
(A) The equation of the hyperbola is − =1 3 2 3 2
3 2
(B) A focus of the hyperbola is (2, 0)
5
(C) The eccentricity of the hyperbola is
3
(D) The equation of the hyperbola is x2 – 3y2 = 3
1 2 . 4 4 | Hyperbola

x2 y2
Q.10 Match the conics in column I with the statements/ Q.12 Let P(6, 3) be a point on the hyperbola −
= 1.
expressions in column II. (2009) a2 b2
If the normal at the point P intersects the x-axis at (9, 0),
then the eccentricity of the hyperbola is (2011)
Column I Column II
(A) Circle (p) T
 he locus of the point (h, k) for
5 3
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 3
which the line hx + ky = 1 touches 2 2
the circle x2 + y 2 = 4
x2 y2
(B) Parabola (q) P
 oints z in the complex plane Q.13 Let the eccentricity of the hyperbola = 1
−
a2 b2
satisfying z + 2 − z − 2 =
±3 be reciprocal to that of the ellipse x2 + y 2 =4 . If the
(C) Ellipse (r) P
 oints of the conic have parametric hyperbola passes through a focus of the ellipse, then
representation  (2011)
2 2
 1 − t2  x y
2t (A) The equation of the hyperbola is − =1
=x 3
= ,y 3 2
 1 + t2  1 + t2
 
(B) A focus of the hyperbola is (2, 0)
(D) Hyperbola (s) The eccentricity of the conic lies in 5
the interval 1 ≤ x < ∞
(C) The eccentricity of the hyperbola is
3
(t) P
 oints z in the complex plane (D) The equation of the hyperbola is x2 − 3 y 2 =
3
satisfying

(
Re z + 1 )
2 2
=z +1 x2 y 2
Q.14 Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola − = 1,
9 4
parallel to the straight line 2x −y = 1. The points of
Q.11 The line 2x + y = 1 is tangent to the hyperbola contact of the tangents on the hyperbola are (2012)
x2 y 2
− = 1 . If this line passes through the point of  9 1   9 1 
a2 b2 (A)  ,  (B) − ,− 
2 2 2   2 2 2 
intersection of the nearest directrix and the x-axis, then  
the eccentricity of the hyperbola is (2010)
( )
(C) 3 3, − 2 2 (D) −3 3, 2 2 ( )

PlancEssential Questions
JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards

Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Q.7 Q.12 Q.15 Q.21 Q.5 Q.11 Q.12 Q.15
Q.24 Q.25 Q.27 Q.18 Q.22 Q.25

Exercise 2 Exercise 2
Q.3 Q.11 Q.18 Q.19 Q.3 Q.6 Q.8 Q.11
Q.17 Q.23
Previous Years’ Questions
Q.2 Q.6 Q.8
Previous Years’ Questions
Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.8
 M a them a ti cs | 12.45

Answer Key

JEE Main/Boards Q.8 2x – 5y = 50

π
Exercise 1 Q.9 7 rad.
4

Q.1 C(1, 2), e = 5/4, (6, 2) and (–4, 2) 4

Q.10 tan–1
3
Q.2 8x – 3y – 13 = 0
Q.14 4x2 – y2 = 25
Q.3 (6, –2)
Q.17 λ(x2 – a2) = 2xy
Q.4 a2y2 – b2x2 = 4x2y2
81y 2
Q.5 x2 + y2 = 5 Q.21 9x2 – = (x2 + y2)2 is the required locus.
4
Q.6 3x + 4y ± 36 = 0 c
Q.25 , c −m
Q.7 12x2 – 7xy – 12y2 + 31x + 17y = 0 −m

Q.26 –1

Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type

Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 A Q.5 C Q.6 B

Q.7 B Q.8 B Q.9 C Q.10 B Q.11 A Q.12 A
Q.13 A Q.14 D Q.15 D Q.16 C Q.17 C Q.18 B
Q.19 C Q.20 B Q.21 D Q.22 A Q.23 A

Previous Years’ Questions

Q.1 B Q.2 D Q.3 B Q.4 B Q.5 D Q.6 B
Q.7 A Q.8 B Q.9 B Q.10 B

JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1
48
Q.1 7x2 + 12xy – 2y2 – 2x + 4y – 7 = 0 ; Q.2 a2 = 25/2 ; b2 = 16

5
Q.6 (i) 24/11 (ii) 20/11 Q.7 x + y ± 3 3 = 0

Q.10 3x + 2y – 5 = 0 ; 3x – 2y + 5 = 0 Q.14 (x2+y2)2 (a2y2–b2y2)= x2y2(a2+b2)2

x2 y 2 y 2 x2  4 3
Q.18 − = 1 and − = 1 Q.19 (–4, 3) and  − , − 
16 9 16 9  7 7
5 3
Q.22 y = x + ; x – 3 = 0; 8 sq. unit
12 4
1 2 . 4 6 | Hyperbola

Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type

Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 D Q.4 B Q.5 B Q.6 A

Q.7 C Q.8 C Q.9 B

Multiple Correct Choice Type

Q.10 A,C Q.11 B, C, D Q.12 B, D Q.13 A, C, D Q.14 A, D Q.15 A, B, C, D

Q.16 A, D Q.17 A, B Q.18 A, B, D Q.19 A, B, C, D Q.20 B, D Q.21 C, D
Q.22 B, C Q.23 A, B, C

Previous Years’ Questions

x2 y 2 (x2 + y 2 )2
Q.1 A, B, C, D Q.2 A, B Q.3 B, D Q.4 t1 Q.5 − =
9 4 81
Q.6 B Q.7 A Q.8 2 Q.9 B Q.10 A → p; B → s, t; C → r; D → q, s
Q.11 2 Q.12 B Q.13 B, D Q.14 A, B

Solutions

JEE Main/Boards 2.x

−
1.y
= 1 ⇒ 8x – 3y = 13
13 / 4 13 / 3
Exercise 1  21   116 
Sol 3: We have y =  −  x +  
 5   5 
Sol 1: 9(x2 – 2x + 1) – 16(y2 – 4y + 4) – 199 – 9 + 64 = 0
[y = mx + c form]
9(x – 1)2 – 16(y – 2)2 = 144
Now, y = mx + c is tangent when
(x − 1)2 (y − 2)2
− =1 a2m2 – b2 = c2
16 9
2
so a = 16 = 4 & b = 9 =3 232  21   232 
So .  −  
7  5   5 
b2 32 5
so e2 = 1+ = 1+ ⇒e =
a 2
4 2 4 63 × 232 232 × 5 (116)2 (116)2
= − =
25 25 25 25
Now centre would be where
So LHS = RHS
x – 1 = 0 and y – 2 = 0
Hence, the given line is tangent
⇒ x = 1 and y = 2
Now tangent
5
and focii distance = ae = 4 × (in x-direction) x.x1 y.y1
4 ⇒ − =1
282 / 7 232 / 5
focii = (1 + 5, 2) and (1 – 5, 2)
Now, comparing with the given tangent
(6, 2) and (–4, 2)
21 × 232 5 × 232 116
= =
x.x1 y.y1 x1 × 7 −5y1 1
Sol 2: Tangent ⇒ − =1
2
a b2 ⇒ x1 = 6 and y1 = –2
 M a them a ti cs | 12.47

x y ⇒ c = ± 3 × 3 = ±9
Sol 4: Tangent = sec θ − tan θ = 1
a b
3 3
Now the tangent cuts the axes at (a cosθ, 0) and y = − x + 9 or y = − x – 9
4 4
(0, b cot θ)
b
acos θ bcot θ equation of asymptotes ⇒ y = ± x
mid points ⇒ = h and k = a
2 2
a b Sol 7: Equation (3x – 4y + 7)(4x + 3y + 1) + c = 0
⇒ = sec θ and = tan θ
2h 2k ⇒ 12x2 – 12y2 – 7xy + 31x + 17y + (7 + c) = 0
a2 b2 a2 b2 Now, it passes through origin
⇒ − =1 ⇒ − =4
4h2 4k 2 h2 k2 ⇒ 7 + c = 0 ⇒ c = –7
Replacing h and k, we get locus as ⇒ equation = 12x2 – 12y2 – 7xy + 31x + 17y = 0

a2 b2 5
− =4 ⇒ a2 y 2 − b2 x2 =4x2 y 2 Sol 8: xy = 25 ⇒ parametric ⇒ 5t & y =
2 2
h k t
dy dy / dt ( −5) / t2 −1
= = =
Sol 5: We have tangents dx dx / dt 5 t2
⇒ y = mx ± a2m2 - b2 ⇒ y = mx ± 9m2 − 4
(-5,2)
2
⇒ (y – mx) = ( 9m − 4 )
2 2
(5t,5/t)
y + m x – 4mxy = 9m – 4
2 2 2 2

⇒ (9 – x2)m2 + (4xy)m (4 + y2) = 0

Now h, k would satisfy this

⇒ (9 – h2)m2 + (4hk)m (4 + k2) = 0

−1 (5 / t − 2)
−(4 + k 2 ) Now slope = 2
=
So, m1m2 = =1 t (5t + 5)
9 − h2
⇒ 4 + k2 = 9 – h2 ⇒ h2 + k2 = 5 −1 (5 − 2t)
⇒ =
t 5t(t + 1)
Hence, the locus is x2 + y2 = 5
⇒ –5(t + 1) = t(5 – 2t)
4
Sol 6: We have m1 = (given line) ⇒ 2t2 – 10t – 5 = 0
3
3 Now chord of contact
Given m1. m2 = –1 ⇒ m2 = −
4
(5 / t1 − 5 / t2 )x −x
3 ⇒ y= +c = +c
So y = − x + c (5t1 − 5t2 ) t1 .t2
4
5 −5t1
⇒ Now putting this in the equation Now, = +c
t1 t1 .t2
 3  3
x.  − x + c  = 27 ⇒ − x2 + cx = 27 1 1  −x t + t 
 4  4 ⇒ c = 5 + ⇒ y = +5 1 2 
3 2  t1 t2  t1 + t2  t1 .t2 
⇒ x − cx + 27 = 0
4 +x 5.[5]
⇒ y= +
has only one solution ⇒ D = 0 ( +5 / 2) −5 / 2
⇒ b2 – 4ac = 0 2x
⇒ y= – 10 ⇒ 5y = 2x – 50
3 5
c2 – 4 × × 27 = 0
4
1 2 . 4 8 | Hyperbola

Sol 9: 4. sec2θ + 4 tan2θ = 12 [i. e. , q1 = q2]

⇒ sec2θ + tan2θ = 3 (1 – 1)(a2 + b2) = 0
⇒ 2tan2θ = 2
Sol 12: The asymptotes are x = 0, y = 0
⇒ tan θ = ±1
c
Let, x = ct, y = ,
⇒ θ = tan (–1) [from 4 quadrant]
–1 th
t
7π 1
⇒ θ= tangent slope = −
4 t2
Now normal at x1, y1
x2 y 2
Sol 10: − =1 ⇒ b has slope = t2
4 16
x y x y (y − c / t)
asymptotes ⇒ − = 0 and + = 0 so, = t2
2 4 2 4 (x − ct)
2
⇒ y = 2x and y = –2x  y − y1   x1 
⇒   =  
(m1 − m2 )  x − x1   c 
Now angle ⇒ tan–1
1 + m1 .m2
 x2 
[2 − ( −2)] 4 ⇒ y – y1 =  1  . (x – x1)
= tan–1 = tan–1  c2 
 
1−4 3
x12  x3 
y= . x +  y1 − 1 
Sol 11: Equation of hyperbola c2  c2 

⇒ ax cosq1 + by cot q1 = a2 + b2
[a cos θ, b cot q]
Equation of tangent
x y
⇒ sec θ2 − tan θ2 = 1
a b
[a secq2, b tanq2]
Now putting
Intersection of tangents
x13
x=0⇒ y y1 −
=
⇒ (a cos q2, 0) and (0, –b cotq2) c2
Intersection of normal and putting y = 0,
 sec θ (a2 + b2 )   (a2 + b2 )  x12  x3 
1
⇒  ,0  and  0, . tan θ1  .x =  1 − y1 
 a   a  2 c 2 
    c  
acos θ2 .sec θ1 .(a2 + b2 ) (x13 − y1c2 )
Now, a1. a2 + b1. b2= x=
a x12
(a2 + b2 )
+ (–b). cotq2× tanq1 y1
b x x1 −
= .c2
x12
= [cosq2. secq1 – cotq2. tanq1] (a2 + b2)

 cos θ2 cos θ2 .sin θ1  2 1  x3   y 

=  −  (a + b ]
2 Area =  y1 − 1   x1 − 1 c2 
 cos θ1 cos θ1 .sin θ2  2  c2   x12 


Now if the point is same: 1  y 2 .c2 x14 

=  y1 .x1 + x1 .y1 − 1 − 
2  x 2
c2 
 1
 M a them a ti cs | 12.49

⇒ sec2θ – tan2θ = 1
1  c x x1 .y1 x1 y12 .c2 
2 2 4
=  − − 
2 
 c2 c2 (c2 / y1 )2  a2h2 b2k 2
⇒ − =1
(a2 + b2 )2 (a2 + b2 )2
2
4 4 2 2
1 x1 y1 1 x1 − y1 a2 x2 b2 y 2
= + − 2(x1 .y1 )2 = ⇒ − =1
2 c2 c2 2 c (a2 + b2 )2 (a2 + b2 )2

⇒ a2x2 – b2y2 = (a2 + b2)2

Sol 13:
here, a2 = 4, b2 = 1
2
b
2
a ⇒ 4x2 – y2 = 25
A’ A N
(-a) (a,0) (asec,0)
Sol 15: Tangent

P (a sec, b tan)

 ab2 + a3 sec θ 2 
Q=  ,a b tan θ 
 a2 + b2  O T S’
  S

slope of NQ

a2b tan θ a2b tan θ − 0

= = Coordinates of S’ = (ae, 0)
ab2 + a3 sec θ ab2 − ab2 sec θ
− asec θ S = (‒ae, 0)
a2 + b2
P = (a sec θ, b tan θ)
atan θ atan θ
= = Tangent at P cut the x axis at point T.
b − bsec θ b(1 − sec θ)
x sec θ y tan θ
(b tan θ − 0) Eq. of target at P = − =1
slope of A⇒ P = a b
a(sec θ + 1)
 a −b 
b tan θ.atan θ tan2 θ Coordinates of T =  , 
⇒ m 1. m2 = = = –1  sec θ tan θ
ab(1 − sec2 θ) − tan2 θ
=
T ( aCosθ, −b cot θ )
⇒ Hence proved.
⇒ ST = ae + acosθ
Sol 14: ⇒ S' T =ae − acos θ
(h,k) ST ae + acos θ e + cos θ
(0,k) =
⇒ =
ST ae − acos θ e − cos θ

Similarly on evaluating PS & Ps

(h,0)
PS PS
⇒ =
ax cosθ + by cot θ = a2 + b2 PS' PS'

x y S' T × −h
Which should be same as + =1 ∴ Area of ∆ PTS' = P
h k 2
S' T × h
 
Area of ∆PTS =
acos θ bcot θ a2 + b2 2
⇒ = =
1/h 1/k 1 Using fine rule: S O T S’

PS'× PT sin φ
a2 + b2 a2 + b2 Area of ∆ PTS' =
⇒ h= ,k= 2
acos θ bcot θ
PS'× PT sin θ
ah bk Area of ∆ PTS' =
⇒ = secθ, =tanθ 2
2 2
a +b a + b2
2
1 2 . 5 0 | Hyperbola

Area of ∆PTS' PS sin θ ST k2 + m2h2 – 2m. kh = a2m2 – b2

= =
Area of ∆PTS' PS'Sinφ S'T (a2 – h2)m2 + 2m. kh – (b2 + k2)

For θ = d the conditions necessary are met & PT bisect −2kh

Now m1 + m2 = λ =
the angle sps’ a2 − h2

c −2kh −2xy
Sol 16: Let x = ct and y = ⇒ a2 – h2 = ⇒ a2 − x2 =
t λ λ

dy dy / dt −1 / t −1
then, = = =
dx dx / dt t t2 Sol 18: x = a secθ, b = tan θ
so normal = t 2
x.sec θ y
− . tan θ = 1
(y − c / t) c a b
thus, = t2 ⇒ y – = t2x – ct3
(x − ct) t
⇒ ty – c = t3x – ct4 ⇒ ct4 – t3x + ty – c = 0 R

this satisfies h, k
Q
thus,ct4 – ht3 + kt – c = 0
(acos,0)
h h
h
thus, ∑ ti = ⇒ ∑ c.ti =h
i=1 c i=1
Now coordinate of Q ⇒ x = a cosθ.
⇒ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = h
Coordinates of R
similarly we have t1. t2. t3. t4 = –1 and
−k (sec θ − 1)b
(t1. t2. t3) + t2. t3. t4 + t3. t4. t1 + t4. t1. t2 = ⇒ =y
e tan θ
h
dividing by ∏ ti both sides Now
i=1
2h = a + a cosθ = a(1 + cosθ). . (i)
c c c c
⇒ + + + =k ⇒ Σy i =
k (sec θ − 1)b
t1 t2 t3 t 4 and2k = 0 +
tan θ
(iii) = –1
(1 − cos θ)b
2k =
⇒ –c4 = c4. sin θ
–c4 = x1. x2. x3. x4 Now
(1 − cos θ)2 b2 + b2 sin2 θ
And = –1 4k2 + b2 =
sin2 θ
c c c c
⇒ –c4 = . . . ⇒ y1. y2. y3. y4 = –c1
t1 t2 t3 t 4 (2 − 2cos θ)2 b2
(4k2 + b2) =
sin2 θ
a.sec θ.x b. tan.y
Sol 17: tangent ⇒ – =1 2(1 − cos θ)b2 2.(b2 )
2
a b 2 = = from (i)
sin2 θ (1 + cos θ)
x y
sec θ − tan θ =1 2b2
a b ⇒ 4k2 + b2 =
(2h / a)
tangent ⇒ y = mx ± a2m2 − b2
⇒ ab2 = h(4k2 + b2)
tangent passes through h, k
Sol 19: Let x = 2at
k = mh + a2m2 − b2
y = at2
(k – mh) = a m – b
2 2 2 2
dy 2at
then = =t
dx 2a
 M a them a ti cs | 12.51

thus equation of tangent ⇒ 2ahk = (h2 – k2) ( k 2 − h2 )

y – at2 = t. (x – 2at)
⇒ 4a2h2k2 = (k2 – h2)3
y – at = xt – 2at
2 2

⇒ at2 – xt + y = 0 Sol 21: (3 secθ, 2tanθ) = point on hyperbola

k2 Now equation of the chord of contact is hx + ky = h2 + k2
Now x = in the above eqn
y and also3secθ x + 2 tanθ. y = 9
 k2  h h2 + k 2 k
⇒ at2 –   t + y = 0 so = =
 y  3sec θ 9 2 tanθ
 
⇒ y2 + yat2 – k2t = 0 3h 9k
⇒ secθ = and tan θ =
2 2
h +k 2(h + k 2 )
2
Now the2k = –at2
⇒ sec2θ – tan2θ = 1
k2
and similarly, y = gives
x 9h2 81k 2
⇒ − =1
k2 (h2 + k 2 )2 4(h2 + k 2 )2
xat – x t +
2 2
=0
x
81k 2
x t – at x – k = 0
2 2 2 9h2 − =(h2 + k 2 )2
4
at2
so x1 + x2 = = at ⇒ 2h = at
t
x2 y2
2 Sol 22: Let − 1 be the hyperbola then its
=
4h −ak a2 b2
so = at2 = –2k ⇒ h2 =
a 2 y2 x2
conjugate hyperbola is − 1.
=
Thus, it is a parabola. b2 a2

If e1 and e2 are their eccentricities, then

Sol 20: (a sec, a tan)
=(
b2 a2 e12 − 1 and
= a2 b2 e22 − 1 ) ( )
1 a2 1 b2
So = and =
e12 (a 2
+ b2 ) e22 (a 2
+ b2 )
1 1 1 1
So + 1, ⇒
= = 1−
2
dy a.sec2 θ 1 e1 2
e2 2 e1 e22
Now =
dx atan θ.sec θ sinθ
⇒ slope of normal = –sinθ Sol 23: Let the hyperbola be xy = c2.
Now hx – ky = –h2 – k2 (chord of equation) Let the x1, y1 be point where the other 3 normals
intersect.
−h
slope = = sinθ
k Now, equation of normal

k 2 − h2 −h  c
cosθ = and tan θ = ⇒  y −  = t2(x – ct)
k  t
k 2 − h2
⇒ ty – c = t3x – ct4
 a.k −ah 
so points A  ,  ⇒ ct4 – t3x + ty – c = 0
 2 2 
 k −h k 2 − h2 
Thus, passes through
this satisfies the line
h.ak ahk
⇒ + =(h2–k2)
2 2 2 2
k −h k −h
1 2 . 5 2 | Hyperbola

(x1, y1) or (cx1, c/t1) ⇒ normal = t2

So ct4 – t3. x1 + ty1 – c = 0

Now slope= t2
x1 c c
Now Sti = & product of roots ti = –1 −
c t t1 −1
= =
− y1 c(t − t1 ) t. t1
⇒ Sxi = x1 & St1. t2. t3 =
c ⇒ t1 . t3 = –1
Σ1 y1
⇒ x2 + x3 + x4 = 0 =
ti c
Exercise 2
⇓
xc = 0⇒ y1+y2+y3+y4=y1 Single Correct Choice Type
y2+y3+y4 = 0
Sol 1: (B) We have x. x1 – 9y. y1 = 9
⇓
5 12 9
so = =
yc = 0 x1 −9y1 9
Thus, the centroid of PQR is (0, 0) −4
⇒ y1 = and x1 = 5
3
Sol 24: Equations of normal at the points
x2 y2
Sol 2: (A) − = –1
x2 y2 a2 b2
on the hyperbola − 1, are
=
a2 b2 2a2
latus rectum =
b
ax cos φ + by cot φ= a2 + b2  … (i)
Sol 3: (B)
2 2
and ax cos φ + by cot φ= a + b

a
i.e. ax sin θ + by tan θ= a2 + b2  … (ii)
e
π
 θ+φ =
2 4a2
Solving (i) and (ii), y = k = −
(a 2
+ b2 ). area =
2a 2a
×
e e
=
e2
b
for rectangular hyperbola e = 2
Sol 25: Tangent to the hyperbola xy = c at (ct, c/t) will 2
area = 2a 2

1 2c
be of the form y = − x+ x2 y 2
t 2 t Sol 4: (A) − =1
9 4
1 2x
y = mx + 2c −m ⇒ t = y= +C
−m 5
 c   x2 − 9 
∴ Point is  ,c −m  4x2 4Cx
4  = + C2 +
 −m   9  25 5
 
c 16 4Cx
Sol 26: x = ct and y = 4x2 × − − 4 − C2 = 0
t  225 5
dy −1 64x2 – 180Cx – 180 – 45C2 = 0
Now =
dx t2 D=0
t1
180C2 = 4×64(–180 – 45C2)
 M a them a ti cs | 12.53

⇒ C2 = 64(–4 – C2) Ellipse Hyperbola

⇒ C2 < 0 no possible tangent x2 y2 x2 y2

⇒ + = 1⇒ − =1
a12 b2 a22 b2
x y
Sol 5: (C) − =m
3 2 Now a1e1 = a2e2
x y 1 2 b2 2 2
+ = also e1 = 1 – b = ( e2 –1)a22
3 2 m 2
a1
1 1 1 1
1 + = +
⇒ y2 = + m2 – 2 2
e1 e2 2
b 2
b2
m2 1− 2 1+ 2
a1 a2
3 1
⇒ x= m + 
2 m a12 a22
= + … (i)
a12 − b2 a22 + b2
4x 2 1 
⇒ = m2 + +2
9 m 2 Also we have,

4x2 a1e1 = a2e2

⇒ – y2 = 4
9 ⇒ a12 – b2 = a22 + b2 … (ii)
2 2
x y ⇒ a12 + a22 = 2(a22 + b2) … (iii)
⇒ − =1
9 4
Now from (i)
2 2 2
x y 9x 4
Sol 6: (B) − =1 − =1 1 1 a12 + a22 2(a22 + b2 )
a 2
b 2
a2
b 2 ⇒ + = = =2
e12 e22 a22 + b2 a22 + b2
4
⇒ a2 = 32⇒ =1
b2
Sol 9: (C)
⇒ a = 3⇒ b2 = 4
a2 + b2 b2 + a2
We have e1 = and e2 =
x2 y 2 a2 b2
⇒ − 1
=
9 4
1 1
⇒ + =1
2 e12 e22
b 4 13
⇒ e= 1+ =1+ =
2
a 9 3
Sol 10: (B) Equation of normal at any point x′, y′ of the

Sol 7: (B) (x – 2)2 – (y – 2)2 + 16 = 0 x2 y2

curve − = 1 … (i)
(y − 2)2 (x − 2)2 a2 b2
⇒ − =1
16 16 a2 (x − x′) b2 (y − y′)
+ =0
16 x′ y′
⇒ e= 1+ = 2
16 a2 x b2 y
⇒ − a2 − b2 + =0
x′ y′
Sol 8: (B)
a2 x b2 y
+ = a2 + b2 (h, k) satisfy this)
x′ y′

a2h b2k
⇒ + = a2 + b2
x1 y1

⇒ a2h. y1 + b2k1x1 = (a2 + b2)(x1, y1)  … (iii)

thus, (x1, y1) lies on curve (iii) and curve (i) these two
1 2 . 5 4 | Hyperbola

points intersect at 4 points. ⇒ m2(h2 – cos2α) – 2kh. m + (k2 + sin2α)

Now we have m1. m2 = –1

Sol 11: (A) A rectangular hyperbola circumscribing a
triangle ABC always passes through the or the centre. h2 − cos2 α
= –1
k 2 + sin2 α
dy (c / t2 ) −1 ⇒ h2 + k2 = cos2α – sin2α
Sol 12: (A) We have = =
dx c t2 h2 + k2 = cos2α
so normal slope = t2
Now, Sol 16: (C) We have b = ae

b2
b = a 1−
a2 b

ae
b2 1
⇒ =
a2 2
c / t − c / t′
We have t2 =
ct − ct′ a2
ehyperbola = 1+ = 1+2 = 3
b2
(t′ − t)( −1) −1
⇒ t2 = ⇒ t′ =
t.t′.(t − t′) t3
Sol 17: (C) Let any tangent of (x1, y1)
x.x1 y.y1
Sol 13: (A) 9(x2 – 4x + 16) – 16(y2 – 6y + 9) then + = 1 [1st tangent]
2
a b2
–252 + 144 – 144 = 0
and x. x1 – y. y1 = c2 [2nd tangent]
⇒ 9(x – 2)2 – 16(y – 3)2 = 252
Now, m1. m2 = –1
⇒ Centre ⇒ (2, 3)
 −b2   x1   x1 
⇒   = –1
x2 y 2  a2   y   y 
Sol 14: (D) − =1   1  1 
25 16 (4)
tangents ⇒ −b2  x1 
2  x2 
1
⇒ .   = –1 ⇒ +b2  2  = + a2 … (i)
-5 5 2  2 
a  y1   y 
y = mx + 25m2 − 16  1
(-4)
⇒ (y – mx) = 25m – 16
2 2
x12 y12
Now + = 1 & x12 – y12 = c2
⇒ the point (1, 2 2 ) satisfy this a2 b2

⇒ (1 – 2 2 m)2 = 25m2 – 16 y12 + c2 y12 1 1  c2 

⇒ + = 1 ⇒ y12  +  = 1 − 
⇒ 1 + 8m2 –4 2 m = 25m2 – 16
a2 b2  a2 b2   a2 

⇒ 17m2 + 4 2 m – 17 = 0 [a2 − c2 ] b2 [a2 − c2 ]

y12 = =
1 1 a2 + b2
⇒ m1. m2 = –1 a2  2 + 2 
a b 

Sol 15: (D) y = mx + a2m2 − b2 [a2 − c2 ]b2

And x12 = c2 +
a2 [b2 + a2 ]
⇒ y = mx + cos2 α.m2 − sin2 α
a2b2
(k – mh) = cos α. m – sin α
2 2 2 2

b2c2 + a2c2 + a2b2 − c2b2 a2 (b2 + c2 )

= =
⇒ k + m h – 2mkh
2 2 2
b2 + a2 (a2 + b2 )
= cos2α. m2 – sin2α
 M a them a ti cs | 12.55

a2 (b2 + c2 ) 1
so b2. × = a2
2 2
(a + b ) b (a − c2 )
2 2

a2 + b2 (h,k)
⇒ a2 – b2 = 2c2 (ct2,c/t2)

y2 y
Sol 18: (B) + +1=0
b 2
ba2 Now, 2h = c(t1 + t2)
2
 1  4 ×1 c c c.(t1 + t2 )
a2 – 4ac ⇒  − ≥0 and 2k = + =
2  t1 t2 t1 .t2
 ba  b2
1 4 1 4 c / t2 − c / t1 −1
⇒ − ≥ 0[b2 > 0] ⇒ − ≥0 m= =
b a 2 4
b 2
a 4 1 ct2 − ct1 t1 t2

1 1 1 −c.(t1 + t2 )
⇒ ≥4⇒ ≥2⇒ ≥ a2 m=
a 4 2
a 2 t1 .t2c(t1 + t2 )

−2k
hx ky h2 k2 m=
Sol 19: (C) − = − 2h
a2 b2 a2 b2 ⇒ k + mh = 0 ⇒ y + mx = 0
2 2
hα kβ h k
− = −
a 2
b 2
a 2
b2 Sol 23: (A) Let (h, k) be the midpoints of chords having
slope 2
2 2
h α  k β  α2 β2 2 1
⇒  −  − −  = −
⇒ tan θ =2 ⇒ sin θ = and co s θ =
 a 2a   b 2b  4a2 4b2 5 5
h α β Let the two endpoints of the chord be a distance r from
⇒ Centre: = and k = (h, k)
a 2a 2
⇒ endpoints of the chord are
x2 y2
Sol 20: (B) − =1
5 5cos2 α (h + r cos θ, k + r sin θ ) and (h − r cos θ, k − r sin θ )
 r 2r   r 2r 
b2 2 h
=+ ,k+ h
 and =− ,k− 
so e1 = 1+ = 1 + cos α 5 5  5 5
a2 

x2 y2 Plugging in the equation of the hyperbola

+ =1
25cos α 2 25 2 2
 r   2r   r   2r 
3h +  − 2k +  + 4 h +  − 6 k + =0 …(i)
e2 = 1 − cos2 α  5  5  5  5
and
1 + cos2α = b. (1 – cos2α) 2 2
 r   2r   r   2r 
1 1 3h −  − 2k −  + 4 h −  − 6 k − =0 …(ii)
⇒ cos2α = ⇒ cos α = 5 5 5 5
2 2    
Subtracting eqn. (ii) from (i),
Sol 21: (D) a2 = 9 and b2 = 4
12 hr 8kr 8r 24r
x2 y 2 − + − 0
=
− =1 5 5 5 5
9 4
⇒ 3h − 2k − 4 =
0
4x2 – 9y2 = 36
⇒ required locus is
Sol 22: (A) We have equation 3x – 4 y = 4.
1 2 . 5 6 | Hyperbola

a2 + b2  a2 + b2 
Previous Years’ Questions Thus, y = –
b
i.e., k = − 
 b 

 
Sol 1: (B) Given equation is
Sol 3: (B) Let (h, k) be point whose chord of contact
x2 y2 with respect to hyperbola x2 – y2 = 9 is x = 9.
− = 1, where | r | < 1
1−r 1+r We know that, chord of contact of (h, k) with respect to
⇒ 1 – r is (+ve) and 1 + r is (+ve) hyperbola x2 – y2 = 9 is T = 0
x2 y2 ⇒ h.x + k(–y) – 9 = 0
∴ Given equation is of the form − =1
2 2
a b ∴hx – ky – 9 = 0
Hence, it represents a hyperbola when | r | < 1. But it is the equation of the line x = 9.
This is possible when h = 1, k = 0 (by comparing both
Sol 2: (D) Firstly we obtain the slope of normal to equations).
x2 y2 Again equation of pair of tangents is T2 = SS1.
− = 1 at (a secθ, b tanθ)
a2 b2 ⇒ (x – 9)2 = (x2 – y2 – 9)(t2 – 02 – 9)
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get ⇒ x2 – 18x + 81 = (x2 – y2 – 9)(–8)
2x 2y dy dy b2 x ⇒ x2 – 18x + 81 = –8x2 + 8y2 + 72
− × =0⇒ =
a 2
b 2 dx dx a2 y
⇒ 9x2 – 8y2 – 18x + 9 = 0
Slope, for normal at the point (a sec θ, b tan θ) will be

a2b tan θ a Sol 4: (B) Given equation of hyperbola is

− = − sin θ
2
b asec θ b x2 y2
− =1
∴ Equation of normal (asecθ, b tanθ) is cos2 α sin2 α

a Here, a2 = cos2α and b2 = sin2a

y – b tanθ = − sinθ(x – a secθ)
b x2 y2
[We, comparing with standard equation − = 1]
⇒ (a sinθ)x + by = (a2 + b2) tanq a2 b2
We know, foci = (± ae, 0)
⇒ ax + b cosecθ = (a2 + b2) secθ …(i)
x2 y 2
Similarly, equation of normal to − =1 at (a secθ, where ae = a2 + b2 = cos2 α + sin2 α =1
btanθ) is a2 b2
⇒ foci = (± 1, 0)
ax + b cosecφ = (a2 + b2) secθ  …(ii)
whereas vertices are (± cos α, 0)
On subtracting eqs.(ii) from (i), we get
1
b(cosecθ – cosecφ)y eccentricity, ae = 1 or e =
cos α
= (a2 + b2)(secθ – secφ) Hence, foci remain constant with change in ‘α’.
2 2
a +b sec θ − sec ϕ
⇒ y=
b cosecθ − cosecϕ Sol 5: (D) The equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is xx1 – 2yy1

sec θ − sec ϕ = 4, which is same as 2x + 6 y=2

But
cosecθ − cosecϕ x1 –2y1 4
∴ = =
2 6 2
sec θ − sec( π / 2 − θ)
= ⇒ x1 = 4 and y1 = – 6
cosecθ − cosec( π / 2 − θ)

(
∴
φ + θ = π/2) Thus, the point of contact is (4, – 6 )

sec θ − cosecθ x2 y 2
= = –1 Sol 6: (B) The eccentricity of + = 1 is
cosecθ − sec θ 16 25
 M a them a ti cs | 12.57

16 3
e1 = 1− = Sol 9: (B) Equation of normal to hyperbola at (x1, y1) is
25 5
a2 x b2 y
5 + = (a2 + b2)
∴e2 = (∵e1e2 = 1) x1 y1
3 a2 x b2 y
∴At (6, 3) ⇒ + = (a2 + b2)
⇒ Foci of ellipse (0, ±3) 6 3
⇒ Equation of hyperbola is It passes through (9, 0)
x2 y 2 a2 .9
− = –1 ⇒ = a2 + b2
16 9 6
3a2 a2
⇒ – a2 = b2 ⇒ =2
Sol 7: (A) The given ellipse is 2 b2
x2 y 2 b2 1
+ = 1 ⇒ a = 2, b = 3 ∴e2 = 1 + =1+
4 3 a2 2
1
∴3 = 4(1 – e2) ⇒ e = 3
2 ⇒ e=
2
1
∴ae = 2 × =1
2 1 ae
Sol 10: (B)
= 2b . ( 2ae )=
⇒b
Hence, the eccentricity e1, of the hyperbola is given by 2 2

a2e2
1 = e1sin θ ⇒ e1 = cosec q
(
⇒ a2 e2 − 1 = ) 4
⇒ 3e2 = 4 ⇒ e =
2
3
⇒ b2 = sin2θ(cosec2θ – 1) = cos2q
x2 y2
Hence, equation of hyperbola is − =1
sin2 θ cos2 θ JEE Advanced/Boards
or x2cosec2θ – y2sec2θ = 1
Exercise 1
Sol 8: (B) Given equation can be rewritten as

(x − 2)2 (y + 2)2 SP
− =1 Y Sol 1: = 3
4 2 PM
B
For point A(x, y) (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2
X’ X = 3
2 A (2x + y − 1)
3 C
e= 1+ = 5
4 2
Y’
Squaring
x– 2 =2⇒ x=2+ 2
5[(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2] = 3(2x + y – 1)2
For point C(x, y)
⇒ 7x2 – 2y2 + 12xy + 4y – 2x – 7 = 0
x– 2 = ae = 6

x= 6+ 2 x2 y2
Sol 2: − =1
a2 b2
Now,
7x + 13y = 87
AC = 6+ 2 –2– 2 = 6 –2
5x – 8y = –7
b2 2
andBC = = =1 87 − 7x 5x + 7
a 2 ⇒ =
Area of ∆ABC 13 8

1 3 ⇒ 8. 87 – 7. 13 = 121 x
= × ( 6 − 2) × 1 = – 1 sq. unit
2 2 ⇒ 121x = 605
1 2 . 5 8 | Hyperbola

x = 5, y = 4 Centre (–1, 2)
2b2 32 2 16 5
= e= 1+ =
a 5 9 3
5b2 = 16 2 a
foci = (–1 + ae, 2) = (4, 2)
25 16
− =1
a2 b2 = (–1 – ae, 2) = (–6, 2)
25 16 9 4
− =1 Directrix x + 1 = ⇒ x=
a2
a 2 5 5
−9 −14
25 2 – 5a = a2 2 x+1= ⇒ x=
5 5
a2 2 + 5a – 25 2 =0 2b2 2.16 32
Latus rectum = = =
a 3 3
−5 ± 25 + 200 5 −10
a= = or Length of major axis = 2×4 = 8
2 5 2 2
Length of minor axis = 2×3 = 6
Now, 5b = 16 2
2a Equation of axis is y = 2
5
⇒ a>0⇒ a=
2 Sol 5: P1(ct1, c/t1) P2(ct2, c/t2)
x2 y2 2h
Sol 3: − =1 t1 + t2 =
100 25 c

1 5 1 1 2k 2h 2k h
e= 1+ = + = ⇒ = t1t2=
4 2 t1 t2 c ct1 t2 c k
2
 5  1 1
S = (ae,0) =  × 10,0  = ( 5 5 , 0) c (t1 – t2) + c  −  = 4d2
2 2 2
 2 
   t1 t2 
S′ = (–ae, 0) = (– 5 5 , 0) 1 1
2

(t1 + t2)2–4t1t2+  + 
A = (10, 0)  t1 t2 
SA = (10 – 5 5 ) 4 4d2
– =
t1 t2 c2
S′A = (10 + 5 5 )
2 2
SA. S′A = 100 – 75 = 25  2h   2k  4 4d2
  +   – 4t1t2 – =
 c   c  t1 t2 c2
Sol 4:
(2h)2 + (2k)2 h k  4d2
− 4 +  =
c2 k h c2

(h2 + k 2 ) (h2 + k 2 ) 2d2

2 −2 =
c2 kh c2

16x2 – 9y2 + 32x + 36y – 164 = 0 (h2 + k2)hk – c2(h2 + k2) = d2kh

16x2 + 32x – 9y2 + 36y = 164 (h2 + k2)(hk – c2) = d2kh

16(x + 1)2 – 9(y – 2)2 Hence proved.

= 164 + 16 – 36 = 144
Sol 6: y – 2 = m(x – 6)
(x + 1)2 (y − 2)2
− =1 y = mx + 2 – 6m
9 16
 M a them a ti cs | 12.59

x2 (mx + 2 − 6m)2 Using componendo rule we get

−1 =
25 16
1−e θ  θ 
= tan  1  tan  2 
16(x – 25) = 25(m x + 4 + 36m + 4mx – 24m – 12m x)
2 2 2 2 2
1+e  2   2 
x2 (16 – 25m2) + x(–100m + 300m2) – 400 – 100 – 900
m2 + 600 m = 0 Sol 9: e = (0, 0)
(300m – 100m) = 4(16 – 25m )(–900m + 600m – 500)
2 2 2 2
S(ae, 0)
100(3m2 – m)2 = 4(16 – 25m2)(–9m2 + 6m – 5) S′(–ae, 0)
25(9m4 + m2 – 6m3) = –144m2 + 96m – 80 + 225m4 –
P = (a secθ, b tanθ)
150m3 + 125m2
SP. S⇒ P =
25m2 = –19m2 + 96m – 80
44m2 – 96m + 80 = 0 ((asec θ − ae)2 + b2 tan2 θ)((asec θ + ae)2 + b2 tan2 θ)

11m2 – 24m + 20 = 0
= (a2 sec2 θ + a2e2 + b2 tan2 θ)2 − (2a2esec θ)2
24
m 1 + m2 =
11 = a2sec2θ + b2tan2θ – (a2 + b2)
20
m 1m 2 = = CP2 – (a2 + b2)
11
5
Sol 10: y – = mx
Sol 7: y = –x + c 2
x2 – 4(c – x)2 = 36 5
y = mx +
2
x2 – 4(c2 + x2 –2cx) = 36
 25 
3x2 – 8cx + 4c2 + 36 = 0 3x2 – 25 = 2  m2 x2 + + 5mx 
 4 
⇒ x + y = ±3 3
75
64c2 = 12(4c2 + 36) x2(3 – 2m)2 – 10mx – =0
2
16c2 = 12(4c2 + 36)
 75 
100m2 = 4(3 – 2m2)  − 
4c2 = 3c2 + 27  2 
c2 = 2 ⇒ c = ±3 3 50m2 = 150m2 – 225

100m2 = 225
Sol 8: Equation of chord
9 3
x  θ − θ2  y   θ1 + θ2    θ1 + θ2  m2 = ; m = ±
cos  1  −  sin    = cos  4 2
a   
 2  b   2   2 
2y = 3x + 5 or 2y + 3x = 5
If it pass through (ae, 0)
θ + θ2  y −k b2h
cos  1  Sol 11: =
 2  x −h a2k
e=
θ − θ2 
cos  1  ⇒ x2 + y2 = a2
 2  2
 a2k 
θ − θ2  h + 2 (y − k) + y2 = a2
cos  1   bh 
1  2 
=
e  θ1 + θ2  a4 k 2 2a2k
cos   h2+ (y2 + k2 – 2ky)+ (y – k) + y2 = a2
 2  4 2
b h b2
1 2 . 6 0 | Hyperbola

−h
 a4 k 2   −2k 3a4 2a2k  Slope of normal =
k
y2
 4 2
+ 1  + y  4 2 + 2  + h2 – a2
 b h   b h b 
[slope of OR =
k
]
h
a4 k 4 2a2k 2
+ − =0 that has equation:
b 4h2 b2
a2 x b2 y
2a2k 2k 3a4 + = a2 + b2
− x1 y1
y1 + y 2 b2 h2b 4
=
y1 y 2 a4k 4 2a2k 2 a2 y1 −a2 b − tan θ −a
h2 − a2 + 4 2 − ⇒ slope = – × = × = sin θ
b h b2 b 2 x1 b 2 asec θ b

2a2h2kb2 − 2k 3a4 2a2ka2b2 2 h a bh

= = = so + = + sinθ ⇒ = sin θ
4 4 2 2 4
h b − a h b + a k − 2a k b h 4 4 2 2 2 2
k ab2 4 2 k k b ak

a2k 2 − b2h2
x2 y 2 ⇒ cos θ =
Sol 12: − = 1; y – β = m(x – α) ax
2 3
x2 − 2 1 bh
= (mx – mα + β)2 and tanθ =
α 3
a k − b2h2
2 2

2
3x= − 6 2(m2 x2 + m2 α2 + β2 − 2m2 αx − 2mα + 2mxβ) Putting
x2 (3 − 2m2 ) + 2x(2m2 α − 2mβ) − 6
bh a2 x
−2m2 α2 − 2β2 + 4mαβ = 0 x1 = b − , y1 = asec θ =
a2k 2 − b2h2 a2k 2 − b2h2
(4m2 α − 4mβ=
)2 4(3 − 2m)2 (4mαβ − 2m2 α2 − 2β2 − 6)
2m2 (mα − β)2= (3 − 2m2 )(2mαβ − m2 α2 − β2 − 3) a2 x b2 y
in equation + =a2 + b2 and simplifying, we get
2m4 α2 + 2m2β2 − 4m3 αβ = −4m3 αβ + 2m4 α2 + x1 y1
6mαβ − 3m2 α2 − 3β2 + 9 + 2m2β2 + 6m2
locus as (x2 + y 2 )2 (a2 y 2 − b2 y 2 )= x2 y 2 (a2 + b2 )2
2 2 2
m (3α − 6) − 6mαβ + 3β + 9 = 0
3β2 + 9
= 2 ⇒ β2 + 3 = 2α2 − 4 Sol 15:
3α2 − 6
β2 = 2α2 − 7 (a sec, a tan)
G
Sol 13: Equation of any normal to the hyperbola is S(ae,0)

m(a2 + b2 )
y mx −
=
a2 − b2 m2

⇒ (a2 − b2 m2 ) (y − mx)=
2
m2 (a2 + b2 )2 a2 x b2 y
Normal: + = a2 + b2
x1 y1
If it passes through the point (x1, y1), then
⇒ ax. cosθ + by. cotθ = a2 + b2
(a2 − b2 m2 ) (y1 − mx1 )2 = m2 (a2 + b2 )2
Now for coordinates of G ⇒ put y = 0 in above equation
It is a 4 degree equation in m, so it gives 4 values of m.
corresponding to these 4 values, four normal can be (a2 + b2 )
⇒ x= .sec θ
drawn from the point (x1, y1). a

b2 b2 a2 + b2
Sol 14: also e2 = 1 + ⇒ e= 1+ =
a2 a2 a
(h,k)
(a sec, b tan)
Now
R
2
 (a2 + b2 )sec θ 
O SG = 
2
− a2 + b2 
 a 
 M a them a ti cs | 12.61

and SP2 = ( a2 + b2 − asec θ)2 + (b tan θ)2

1 0 0
SP2 = a2 + b2 + a2sec2θ – 2a. a2 + b2 secθ + b2tan2θ 1 a a
= 1 −
2 sec θ + tan θ sec θ + tan θ
(a2 + b2 )
⇒ e2SP2 = [(a2 + b2) + a2 sec2θ – a a
a2 1
sec θ − tan θ sec θ + tan θ
2a a2 + b2 secθ + b2tan2q]
1
= = (2a2 ) a2
 (a + b )
2 2 2 2
=  + (a2 + b2 )sec2 θ –
2
 a
Sol 17: Let P(x1, y1) be the middle point of the chord of
2 2
2 a + b sec θ b (a + b ) 2 2 2
the hyperbola 3x2 – 2y2 + 4x – 6y = 0
+ tan2θ 
a a2  ∴ Equation of the chord is T = s1

 ⇒ 3xx1 – 2yy1 + 2(x + x1) – 3(y + y1)
b2 
= (a2 + b2 ) + (a2 + b2 ) ×  sec2 θ
 a2  ⇒ 3x12 − 2y12 + 4x1 − 6y1
⇒ (3x1 + 2) x − (2 y1 + 3) y + 2 x1 − 3y1
(a2 + b2 )2 b2 (a2 + b2 ) −2 a2 + b2 sec θ 
+ – 
a2 a2 a  ⇒ 3x12 − 2y12 + 4x1 − 6y1

If this chord is parallel to line y = 2x, then
 (a2 + b2 )sec2 θ 2 a2 + b2 sec θ  3x + 2
=  + (a2 + b2 ) −  m1 = m2 ⇒ − =2
 a2 a  − (2 y, 3)
 
⇒ 3x1 – 4y1 = 4
2
 (a + b )sec θ
2 
2
e2SP2 =  − a2 + b2  Hence, the locus of the middle point (x1, y1) is 3x – 4y = 4
 a 

e2SP2 = SG2 ⇒ eSP = SG x2 y2

Sol 18: Eq. of Hyperbola = − = 1
100 49
Sol 16: Equation of any tangent to x2 – y2 = a2 or mx ± a2m2 − 49
y=
Eqn. of tangent =  …(i)
2 2
x −y
= 1 is
a2 a2 =⇒ y mx I 100m2 − 49

x y mx + 6 
Given that = ….(ii)
tan θ = ⊥ or x sec θ − y tan θ = a  … (i)
a Equating (i) and (ii)
Equation of other two sides of the triangle are
⇒ 100m2 − 49 =
6

x – y = 0  ...(ii) ⇒ 100m2 49 =
36
17
⇒ 100m2 = 85 =
x + y = 0  … (iii) 100 20

⇒ m =17
Solving (ii) and (iii), (iii) and (i), (i) and (ii) in pairs, 20
the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle
 a a 
are (0, 0);  ,  and Sol 19:
 sec θ + tan θ sec θ + tan θ 
 a a 
 ,  3x/4
 sec θ − tan θ sec θ − tan θ 
S’ 2x P 3x S
∴ Area of triangle =
1 2 . 6 2 | Hyperbola

Now, a = 4, b = 3 θ− 0
= a cos  … (i)
9 25 5 2
⇒ e2 = 1 + = ⇒ e=
16 16 4
And normal to the hyperbola at P(a sec θ, a tan θ) is
so coordinates of S = (5, 0) and given by
S′ = (–5, 0) x y
+ 2a 
= … (ii)
sec θ tan θ
 3 × (–5) + 2 × 5 0 × 3 + 2 × 0 
so P =  ,  = (–1, 0)
 3+2 3+2  Note that equation (i) and (ii) are the same lines
comparing these lines, we get
Now slope of line through P ⇒ –1
⇒ y = –x + C θ− 0 θ− 0 θ− 0
cos − sin a cos
= 2 = 2 2
⇒ 0 = 1 + c ⇒ c = –1
1 1 1
so line through P = y = – x – 1 sec θ tan θ 2a
x y Solving above and simplifying, we get
Now asymptotes ⇒  −  = 0
4 3 0 tan θ (4 sec2 θ − 1)
tan =
x y
and  +  = 0
4 3 x2
Sol 22: − y2 = 1
9
Point of intersection ⇒
now, line: y = mx + 9m2 − 1
x (x + 1) x (x + 1)
+ =0 − =0
4 3 4 3 ⇒ 2 = 3m + 9m2 − 1
7x + 4 = 0x = –4
−4 ⇒ (2 – 3m)2 = 9m2 − 1
x= y=3
7
⇒ 9m2 – 6m × 2 + 4 = 9m2 – 1
−3
and y =
7 (one m = ∞)
A
 −4 −3 
 ,  and (–4, 3) S = 12 m
 7 7 
5
⇒ m= (-3,0) (3,0)
12
x2 y 2 C
Sol 20: Eq. of Hyperbola; x2 − 2y 2 =
18 ⇒ − 1
=
18 9 so one tangent ⇒ x = 3 B
5 3
and one is y = x+
mx ± m2a2 − b2
Eq. of tangent y = 12 4

⇒ y = mx ± m2 .18 − 9 12y = 5x + 9
Now tangent at B
∴ this is perpendicular to y = x
x.x1
⇒ the value of m =-1 – y. y1 = 1
9
⇒ y = -1 x ± 18 − 9 ⇒ same –5x + 12y = 9
−5 12 9 −4
y =−x ± 9 ⇒ = = ⇒ y1 =
x1 / 9 − y1 1 3
y =−x ± 3
x1 = –5

Sol 21: The chord joining the points P(a sec θ, a tan θ) 1
so ∆ = × AC × height
θ− 0 θ− 0 2
and given by x cos − y sin
2 2 1
= × 2 × [(3 – (–5)] = 8 sq. unit
2
 M a them a ti cs | 12.63

Sol 23:
h2 k 2
R (a sec, b tan) −
Now d = 4 9 =2
2
h k2
+
S’ (-a,0) (a,0) S a2+b2 16 81
22 P
)- a+b ,0)
Sol 2: (A) Equation of tangent,
x.sec θ y tan θ
We have − =1
a b
(S ⇒ R – SR)2 =S ⇒ R2 + SR2 – 2S ⇒ R. RS = (2a)2 h.sec θ
so for h ⇒ =1
⇒ (S⇒ R + SR)2 = (S⇒ R – SR)2 + 4S⇒ R. SR a
⇒ h = a cos θ O A
= 4a2 + 4. S⇒ R × SR  …(i) (h,0)
and h′ = –b cotθ
Now, tangent B P
2 2
x.sec θ y. tan θ  a   −b  (k,0)
 =1
⇒   − (h,k)
⇒ − =1
a b h  k 

1 a2 b2
⇒ − 1
=
sec2 θ tan2 θ h2 k2
+
a2 b2
h−0 k −0 −( −2c t)
a2b2 Sol 3: (D) = =
⇒ P = 2
 …(ii) 1 t 2
1 + t2
b2 sec2 θ + a2 tan2 θ
2ct 2ct3
2 2 2 2 2 h= ,k=
SR =2
(asec θ − a + b ) + b tan θ 1 + t4 1 + t4

SR2 = a2sec2θ + a2 + b2 + b2tan2θ – 2asecθ. a2 + b2 k

= t2
h
3/2
= (a2 + b2)sec2θ + a2 – 2asecθ. a2 + b2 k 
2c  
k= h
SR = ( a2 + b2 . secθ – a) k2
1+ 2
h
similarly S⇒ R = ( a2 + b2 . secθ – a) k 
3
4c2  
k2 = h
SR. S⇒ R = (a2 + b2)sec2θ – a2 2
 k2 
= b2sec2θ + a2tan2θ  1 + 2 
 h 
a2b2
SR. S⇒ R = [(from (ii)] k 2 (h2 + k 2 )2 4c2k 3
P2 =
h4 h3
putting in (i)
 b2  (x2 + y2)2 = 4c2 xy
4a2b2
(S⇒ R + SR) = 4a + 2 2
= 4a  1 + 2 
2

P2  P 
Sol 4: (B) We have
Exercise 2 2s = t2 + 1and2t = 2/s
⇒ t = 1/s
Single Correct Choice Type
1
⇒ 2s = +1
hx ky h2 k 2 s2
Sol 1: (B) − = −
4 9 4 9 ⇒ 2s3 = 1 + s3
1 2 . 6 4 | Hyperbola

⇒ 2s3 – s – 1 = 0 y(t1 t2 ) x
− =1
⇒ (s – 1) (2s + s + 1) = 0
2 c(t1 + t2 ) c(t1 + t2 )

⇒ s=1 Now c(t1 + t2) = x1 + x2

2
y= = 2 c(t1 + t2 )
s and = y1 + y2
t1 .t2
x 2s
= = 2
⇒ (2, 2) y x
⇒ + =1
y1 + y 2 x2 + x1
Sol 5: (B)
(a sec, b tan)
Sol 7: (C) We have 2b = ae
T b e
O N ⇒ =
a 2
e2
So e2 = 1 +
4
4
We hae NP = a sec θ and tangent slope: ⇒ e2 =
3
dy b.sec2 θ b 2
= = ⇒ e=
dx a.sec θ. tan θ asinθ 3
x.sec θ y.b tan θ
so − =1 Sol 8: (C) (5)x – (–3)y = (5)2 – (–3)2
a b
5x + 3y = 16
so at y = 0

x = a cosθ Sol 9: (B) We have,

so OT = a cosθ
2∫ x.dx = 3∫ y.dy
so OT × ON = a cosθ. a secθ = a 2
3y 2
⇒ x2 = +c
c / t1 − c / t2 2
Sol 6: (A) We have, slope =
ct1 − ct2 3y 2
⇒ x2 – =c
2
(t2 − t1 ) −1 2/3 2 5
= = ⇒ e2 = 1 + =1+ =
t1 .t2 (t1 − t2 ) t1 .t2 1 3 3
−x
so y = +N Multiple Correct Choice Type
t1 .t2

−x x2 y 2
⇒ y= +N Sol 10: (A, C) − =1
t1 .t2 1 5

this satisfies, tangent ⇒ y = mx ± 1m2 − 5

c −c ⇒ (8 – 2m)2 = m2 – 5
= +N
t1 t2
⇒ 4m2 + 64 – 32m = m2 – 5
1 1 
⇒ N = c +  ⇒ 3m2 – 32m + 69 = 0
 t1 t2 
t + t  ⇒ 3m2 – 23m – 9m + 69 = 0
−x
Now, y = +c.  1 2
t1 .t2  t1 .t2  ⇒ m(3m – 23) – 3(3m – 23) = 0
 M a them a ti cs | 12.65

23  t 
⇒ m = 3 or m = and y2 + 2 = 2  sin2 − 1  +2
3  2 
Now y = 3x + 2(A) y2 = 2cos t

23x (23)2 − 45 ⇒ x2 – y2 = 6
or3y = ±
3 3
b x
⇒ 3y = 23x ± 22 (B)t = 1 − 
y a

Sol 11: (B, C, D) 16(x2 – 2x) – 3(y – 4y) = 44 x b  x b x

so .   .  1 −  −  1 −  = 0
16(x – 1) – 3(y – 2) = 44 + 16 – 12
2 2 a y  a y a

(x − 1)2 (y − 2)2 bx.(a − x) y b(a − x)

⇒ − =1
3 16 − + =0
2
a y b ay
Conjugate = 2b = 2 × 4 = 8
Centre = (1, 2) x ba2y

b2 16 12 b2x. (a – x) – a2y2 + ab2(a – x) = 0

and e2 = 1 + =1+ ⇒ e=
a2 9 3
ab2x – b2x2 – a2y2 + a2b2 – ab2x = 0

x2 y 2 x2 y2
− ⇒ + =1
Sol 12: (B, D) =0 a2 b2
16 9
Now tangent
Sol 14: (A, D) We have equation of circle
2 2 2
1 ⇒ y = mx ± a m −b (x – x1)(x – x2) + (y0 – y1)(y – y2) = 0
Now,
y = mx ± 16m2 − 9
x1 = ct1&y1 = c/t1
tangent 2 ⇒ y = mx ± 3 m2 + 1
x2 = ct2&y2 = c/t2
so16m – 9 = 9(m + 1)
2 2

c / t2 − c / t1 −1
⇒ 7m2 = 18 so slope ⇒ =
ct2 − ct1 t1 .t2
2 Now, slope = 1
⇒ m = ±3
7
1
⇒ –t1.
2 18 t2
soy = 3 x ± 3 +1
7 7
−1
⇒ t1 =
2 16 t2
y= 3 x±
7 7
putting this above

Sol 13: (A, C, D) c c

(x – ct1)(x – ct2) + (y – )(y – )=0
t1 t2
2 2
 2x   2y  c c
(A)   −   = 4 (x – ct1)(x + ) + (y – )(y + ct1)=0
 a   b  t1 t1
x2 y2 1 
⇒ − =1 x2 – c2 + 2c  − t1  x + y2
2 2
a b  t1 
(C) x2 – y2 = 4  1
– c2 + cy. t1 − 
(D) x2 – 6 = 2 cos t  t1 
1 2 . 6 6 | Hyperbola

1 
(x2 + y2 – 2c2) + c[x – y]  − t1  = 0 Now AO + BO = 2a
 t1 
52 + 122 + 242 + 72 = 13 + 25 = 38
Now when x = y & x2 + y2 = 2c2
this is satisfied for So2ae = 192 + 52

x=c&y=c 38e = 386

x = –c & y = –c
⇒ e = (0)(if ellipse)

Sol 15: (A, B, C, D) x = 2 t and y = 2 /t BO – AO = 2a(hyperbola)

Now slope of normal = t2 ⇒ 242 + 72 − 52 + 122 = 2a

 c ⇒ 25 – 13 = 2a
so  y −  = t2(x – ct)
 t
⇒ 12 = 2a
ty – c = t3x – ct4
⇒ ct4 – t3x + ty – c = 0 So2ae = 386 ⇒ e = e = 386 / 12

passes through (3,4)

Sol 17: (A, B)
Now ct4 – 3t3 + 4t – c = 0
3
thus, Sti =
c
⇒ c. Sti = 3
⇒ Sxi = 3(A) Now,

Also πti = –1 6= 100m2 − 49

−4
St1. t2. t3 =
c ⇒ 36 + 49 = 100 m2
Σt1 .t2 .t3 4 1 85 17
⇒ = + × ⇒ ± =m ⇒ m=±
πti c ( −1) 100 20
1
⇒ c. Σ =4
ti Sol 18: (A, B, D)

⇒ Syi = 4(B) k < 8 and k > 12 hyperbola (A)

8 < k < 12 ellipse and
Now πti = –1
if k = 10 circle
⇒ π(cti) = –c4 = –( 2 )4 = –4
1 Sol 19: (A, B, C, D) y = mx + a2bm2 − b2
and =–1
πti
and y = mx + a2 − b2m2
c
⇒ π   = –c4 = –4(C) & (D)
 ti  so a2m2 − b2 = a2 − b2m2

⇒ a2m2 – b2 = a2 – b2m2
Sol 16: (A, D) B
(24,7) ⇒ a2(m2 – 1) = (m2 – 1)(–b2)
A ⇒ m = ±1
(5,12)
So, y = x ± a2 − b2 or y = –x ± a2 − b2

O
 M a them a ti cs | 12.67

x2 y 2
Sol 20: (B, D) − =1 a2 x b2 y
18 9 Normal: + = a2 + b2
Now m = –1 x1 y1

So y = mx ± a2m2 − b2 x1 .(a2 + b2 )
⇒ g ⇒ x1 = x =
a2
⇒ y = –x ± 18( +1) − 9
sec θ.(a2 + b2 )
x= = 4 secθ
⇒ y=–x±3 a

⇒ y = –x ± 3 tan θ(a2 − b2 )
and G ⇒ y = ⇒ 4 tanθ
b
⇒ x + y = 3 and x + y = –3
PC = 2 sec2 θ + tan2 θ
Sol 21: (C, D) 9(x2 + 2y) – 16(y2 – 2y) = 151
sec2 θ.(a2 + b2 )2 tan2 θ(a2 + b2 )
Og = +
9(x + 1) – 16(y – 1) = 151 + 9 – 16
2 2
a2 b2

(x + 1)2 (y − 1)2 sec2 θ tan2 θ 8

− =1 = (a + b )
2 2 + = sec2 θ + tan2 θ
16 9 a2 b2 2
b2 9 25 5
Now e2 = 1 + =1+ = ⇒ e=
a 2 16 16 4 PG = (2sec θ)2 + (2 tan θ)2 =2. sec2 θ + tan2 θ
So distance from centre
5 Pg = (4 sec θ − 2sec θ)2 + (2 tan θ)2
ae = 4 × =5
4
⇒ (–1 + 5, 1) and (–1–5, 1) = 2 sec2 θ + tan2 θ

(4, 1) and (–6, 1)

Previous Years’ Questions
Sol 22: (B, C) Equation of chord connecting the points
(a secθ, b secθ) and (a tanφ, b tanφ) is Sol 1: (A, B, C, D) It is given that

x θ−φ y θ+φ θ+φ x2 + y2 = +a2 … (i)

cos   − sin  =cos   ... (i)
a  2  b  2   2  and xy = c2 … (ii)
If it passes through (ae, 0); we, have
We obtain x2 = c4/x2 = a2
θ−φ θ+φ
e cos   = cos   ⇒ x4 – a2x2 + c4 = 0 … (iii)
 2   2 

θ+φ Now, x1, x2, x3, x4 will be roots of Eq. (iii)

cos  θ φ

 2  1 − tan 2 . tan 2 Therefore, Sx2 = x1+x2+2x3+x4 = 0
⇒ e
= =
θ−φ θ φ
cos   1 + tan 2 . tan 2 and product of the roots x1x2x3x4=c4
 2 
θ φ 1−e Similarly, y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 = 0 and y3y2y1y4 = c4
⇒ tan . tan =
2 2 1+e Hence, all options are correct.
1+e
Similarly if (i) passes through (-ae, 0), tan.tan =
1−e Sol 2: (A, B) Given, 2x2 – 2y2 = 1
Sol 23: (A, B, C)
x2 y2
G ⇒ − = 1 … (i)
P (2 sec,2 tan) 1 1
   
2 2
(-2,0) C (2,0) g
Eccentricity of hyperbola = 2 So eccentricity of ellipse
1 2 . 6 8 | Hyperbola

= 1/ 2 ⇒ b2 = 1
2 2
x y
Let equation of ellipse be + = 1 (a > b) Equation of ellipse is x2 + 2y2 = 2
2
a b2
Coordinate of foci
1 b2
∴ = 1−  
2 a2 1
(±ae, 0) =  ± 2. ,0  = (± 1, 0)
 2 
b2 1 Hence, option (A) and (B) are correct.
⇒ = ⇒ a2 = 2b2
a 2 2
If major axis is along y-axis, then
∴x2 + 2y2 = 2b2 … (ii) 1 a2
= 1−
Let ellipse and hyperbola intersect as 2 b2
 1 1 
A sec θ, tan θ  ⇒ b2 = 2a2
 2 2 
∴2x2 + y2 = 2a2
On differentiating Eq. (i),
2x
⇒ y′ = −
dy dy x y
4x – 4y =0⇒ =
dx dx y −2
⇒ y′ 1 1 
=
2 2
a x b y  sec θ , tan θ  sin θ
∴ At (6, 3) ⇒ + = (a2+b2)  2 2 
6 3
As ellipse and hyperbola are orthogonal
It passes through (9, 0)
−2
a2 .9 ∴ .cosecθ = –1
⇒ = a2 + b2 sin θ
6 π
⇒ cosec2θ = 1 ⇒ θ = ±
3a 2
a 2 4
⇒ − a2 = b2 ⇒ =2
2 b2 ∴ 2x2 + y2 = 2a2
b2 1 3 1
∴e2 = 1 + =1+ ⇒ ⇒ 2+ = 2a2
a 2 2 2 2
5
dy sec θ ⇒ a2 =
= = cosecq 4
dx at A tan θ
5
⇒ 2x2 + y2 = , corresponding foci are (0, ± 1)
and differentiating Eq. (ii) 2
dy
2x + 4y =0 x2 y 2
dx Sol 3: (B, D) Here, equation of ellipse + =1
4 1
dy x 1 b2 1 3
= − = − cosecq ⇒ e2 = 1 – =1– =
dx at A 2y 2 a 2 4 4
3
Since, ellipse and hyperbola are orthogonal ∴e = and focus (± ae, 0)
2
1
∴ − cosec2θ = –1
2 ⇒ (± 3 , 0)

⇒ cosec2θ = 2 ⇒ θ = ± π x2 y2
For hyperbola − =1
4 a2 b2
 1   1  b2
∴ A  1,  or  1, −  e12 = 1 +
 2  2 a2
∴ From Eq. (i), 1 4
where, e12 = =
e 2 3
2
 1  b 4 2
1 + 2  = 2b
2
⇒ 1+ =
 2 a2 3
 M a them a ti cs | 12.69

t
b2 1 e
2t1
−e
−2t1
1  e2t e−2t 1
∴ =  … (i) = −  − − 2t 
a2 3 4 2  2 2  0
and hyperbola passes through (± 3 ,0)
2t −2t1
e 1 −e 1 2t1 −2t
3 = − (e − e 1 − 4t1 ) =t1
⇒ =1 4 4
a2
⇒ a2 = 3 … (ii)
Sol 5: Let any point on the hyperbola is (3secθ, 2tanθ)
From Eqs.(i) and (ii), we get
∴ Chord of contact of the circle x2+y2 = 9 with respect
b2 = 1 … (iii) to the point (3sectθ, 2tanθ) is,
2 2
x y (3secθ)x + (2tanθ)y = 9 … (i)
∴ Equation of hyperbola is − =1
3 1 Let (x1, y1) be the mid point of the chord of contact
Focus is ( ± ae1, 0)
⇒ Equation of chord in mid point form is
 2 
⇒  ± 3. ,0  ⇒ (± 2, 0) xx1 + yy1 = x12 + y12 … (ii)
 3 
Since, Eqs. (i) and (ii) are identically equal
∴ (B) and (D) are correct answers.
3sec θ 2 tan θ 9
∴ = =
 et1 + e− t1 et1 − e− t1  x1 y1 x1 + y12
2

Sol 4: Let P =  , 
 2 2  9x1
  ⇒ secθ =
3(x12 + y12 )
 e− t1 + et1 e− t1 − et 
and Q =  ,  9y1
 2 2  and tanθ =
 
2(x12 + y12 )
We have to find the area of the region bounded by the
curve x2 – y2 = 1 & the lines joining the centre x = 0, Thus, eliminating ‘θ’ from above equation, we get

y = 0 to the points (t1) and (–t1) 81x12 81y12

− =1
y 9(x12 + y12 )2 4(x12 + y12 )2

P(f1)
( sec2θ – tan2θ = 1)
∴

x2 y 2 (x2 + y 2 )2
x’
A
x ∴Required locus is − =
-1 C 1 N 9 4 81

Q(-f1) Sol 6: (B) Equation of tangents to hyperbola having

y’ slope m is
Required area y = mx + 9m2 − 4  … (i)
 t −t
e 1 +e 1  Equation of tangent to circle is
 
 ∫1
= 2 area of ∆PCN = 2 ydy
 y = m(x – 4) + 16m2 + 16  … (ii)
 
2
 1  et1 + e− t1 Eqs. (i) and (ii) will be identical for m = satisfy.
  et1 − e− t1  t dx  5
= 2    − ∫ 1 y .dt 
 2  2 

2  1 dy 
  ∴ Equation of common tangent is 2x – 5 y + 4 = 0.
 2t1 −2t 2 
t e −e 
t −t
e −e 1
= 2 −∫ 1  .dt 
 8 0    x2 y 2
  2   Sol 7: (A) The equation of the hyperbola is − =1
9 4
2t1 −2t1
e −e 1 t1 2t and that of circle is x2 + y2 – 8x = 0
(e + e−2t − 2)dt
2 ∫0
= −
4
1 2 . 7 0 | Hyperbola

x2 x2 − 8x
For their points of intersection + =1 Sol 10: A→p; B→s, t; C→ r; D→ q, s
9 4
⇒ 4x2 + 9x2 – 72x = 36 1  h2 
(p) = 4  1 + 
⇒ 13x2 – 72x – 36 = 0 k2  k 2 

⇒ 13x2 – 78x + 6x – 36 = 0
⇒ 13x(x – 6) = 6(x – 6) = 0
(
1 4 k 2 + h2
⇒= )
2
13 1
⇒ x = 6, x = − ∴ h2 + k 2 =
  which is a circle.
6 2
13
x= − not acceptable (q) If z − z1 − z − z 2 =where
k k < z1 − z 2 the locus is
6
a hyperbola.
Now, for x = 6, y = ± 2 3
(r) Let t = tan α
Required equation is (x – 6)2 + (y + 2 3 )(y – 2 3 )=0
⇒ x2 – 12x + y2 + 24 = 0 ⇒x
= 3 cos 2 α and sin2 α =y
x
⇒ x2 + y2 – 12x + 24 = 0 or cos 2 α = and sin 2 α =y
3
a  x2
Sol 8: On substituting  ,0  in y = –2x + 1, ∴ y 2 sin2 2α + cos2=
+= 2α 1 which is an ellipse.
e  3
(s) If eccentricity is 1, ∞ ) , then the conic can be a
2a
we get 0 = − +1
e parabola (if e = 1) and a hyperbola if e∈ (1, ∞ ) .
a 1 (t) Let z =
x + iy; x, y ∈ R
⇒ =
e 2
⇒ ( x + 1 ) − y 2 = x2 + y 2 + 1
2

Also, y = –2x + 1 is tangent to hyperbola

⇒ y2 =
x ; which is a parabola.
∴1 = 4a2 – b2
y
1 Sol 11: y =−2x + 1
⇒ = 4 – (e2 – 1) F
5 x 2a
⇒
4
= 5 – e2
F1
) ) 1
2 ,0
0=
− +1 
e
e2 a 1
⇒ e4 – 5e2 + 4 = 0 ⇒ =
e 2
⇒ (e2 – 4)(e2 – 1) = 0 e = 2a
x = a/e
⇒ e = 2, e = 1 c2 a2m2 − b2
=

e = 1 gives the conic as parabola. But conic is given as ⇒ 1= 4a2 − b2

hyperbola, hence e = 2.
⇒ 1 + b2 − 4a2 =0

(x − 2 ) − (y + 2 )
2 2

Sol 9: (B) Hyperbola is 1

= e2= 1 +
b2
= 1+
( 4a − 1)2

4 2 a2 a2
=a 2,=
b 2
1
3 e2 = 1 + 4 −
e= a2
2

Area =
1
(
a= e − 1) ×
(
b2 1 3 − 2 × 2
=
) ( 3− 2 ) e2= 5 −
e2
1

2 a 2 2 2
 3  ⇒ e4 − 5e2 + 4 =
0
⇒ Area =  − 1 .
 2


 ( )(
⇒ e2 − 1 e2 − 4 =
0 )
 M a them a ti cs | 12.71

i.e., 2x − y =±4 2
e2 − 1 ≠ 0 e =2
x y x y
⇒ − 1 and −
= − 1
=
Sol 12: (B) Equation of normal is 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2
2
a2 xx1 yy1
( y − 3) = −a2 ( x − 6 ) ⇒ 2
= 1⇒e =
3
2
. Comparing it with
9
−
4
1
=
2b 2b
 9 1 
2 2 We get point of contact as  , 
x y 2 2 2 
Sol 13: (B, D) Ellipse is − 1
= 
3 2  9 1 
and  − ,− .
 2 2 2 
2
1= (
22 1 − e2 ⇒=
e ) 2
3 

∴ Eccentricity of the hyperbola is

2 2 4 
⇒ b= a2  − 1  ⇒ 3b=
2
a2
3  3 
Foci of the ellipse are ( )
3,0 and − 3,0 . ( )
Hyperbola passes through ( 3,0 )
3
=1 ⇒ a2 =3 and b2 = 1
a2
∴ Equation of hyperbola is x2 − 3y 2 =
3

Focus of hyperbola is (ae, 0)

 2 
( ae ,0 ) ≡  3× , 0  ≡ ( 2, 0 )
 3 

Sol 14: (A, B) Slope of tangent = 2

The tangents are y = 2x ± 9 × 4 − 4