Name:Shradha Shrestha Reg No.:11919330 Section:Z1901

Name:Shradha
Shrestha
Reg No.:11919330
Section:Z1901
Q1.Free Exercise
Work is only performed against gravity
Classification Of Free Exercise
Exercises performed by patients own muscular efforts without any assistance

or resistance against gravity.
Free Exercise can induce:
Muscle Tone maintenance
Coordination of natural pattern
Confidence to perform and control movement
Relaxation
Classification Of Free Exercises
Classified according to extent of era into two
1. Localized:
Produce Some specific or local effect e.g for particular joint or muscle,flexion of
elbow point
2. General:
Use of many joints e.g. walking running

They are further classified into two types
1. Subjective Exercises:
These are formal or general anatomical movements performed in full

range.
2. Objective Exercises:
Patients is required for particular aim or there is presence of goal i,e.

standing ,,arm stretching upwards
Q2.Principle of Passive Motion
Principles of Passive Movements
Movement of a joint or body segment by a force external to the body, without
active, voluntary muscle contraction by the individual.
Principles
1 Relaxation:
The selection of a suitable starting position ensures comfort and support, for both
patient and physiotherapist through the movement.
2-Fixation:
Good fixation for the proximal and distal joint by the physiotherapist to ensure that the
movement is localized to the movable joint.
3-Support:
Full and comfortable support is given to the part to be moved, so that the patient has
confidence and will remain relaxed.
4-Traction:
The fixation of the bone proximal to the joint providing an opposing force to a sustained
pull on the distal bone. Traction is thought to facilitate the movement by reducing inter-
articular friction.
5-Range of movement :
The range of movement is done in painless range to avoid spasm in the surrounding
muscles.
6-Speed and Duration:
As it is essential that relaxation is maintained throughout the movement, the speed

must be slow and rhythmical, with suitable repetitions of the movement.
Q3.Method of Providing Resistance
In Resisted Exercises
There are many methods of providing resistance in Resisted Exercises.
Some of them are:
1. Increase the weight you're lifting:
Do the same number of reps and sets each week, but increase the weights. You should
only increase the weights by 2 percent to 10 percent of your RM load at a time. The RM load is
the maximum amount of weight you can lift one time.
2. Increase the number of reps:
Use the same weight for each workout, but increase the reps each week.
3. Decrease the number of reps:
Intermediate to advanced trainers can lift heavier weights for fewer reps, known as
heavy loading. When doing heavy loading, you increased the rest time between sets to
three to five minutes.
4. Increase the number of sets:
A typical weight training workout for people with the goal to lose weight will
involve about two to four sets of each exercise. If you're a beginner, one set may be
enough to build strength and endurance but, as you get stronger, you'll want to
eventually work your way up to two to four sets, resting about 20 seconds to 60
seconds, depending on how heavy you're lifting.
5. Shorten the rest between the sets:
If you're doing straight sets, e.g. three sets of squats or three sets of pushups, you'll
typically have a rest of about 10 seconds to 60 seconds between sets. One way to
challenge your body and increase intensity is to shorten the rest between sets. If your
form starts to suffer, increase the rest period or drop a little weight.
6. Lengthen the time under tension:
This is how long your muscle fibers are under stress. Use the same weight and reps,
but slow down the exercise. For example, one count to lift the weight, three counts to
lower the weight.
Q4.SAID Principle
The SAID principle says every sport poses its own unique demands and that in order to
improve skills unique to a particular sport, it’s best to practice the moves used in that sport.
SAID is the acronym for Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands.
SAID says that adaptations in human physiology do not occur in a vacuum. Rather, they are
responses to the specific demands imposed upon them. The body responds to a given
demand, whether biomechanical or neurological, with a specific, predictable adaptation
In physical rehabilitation and sports training, the SAID principle asserts that the human
body adapts specifically to imposed demands.
It demonstrates that, given stressors on the human system, whether biomechanical or
neurological, there will be a Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (SAID).
For example, by only doing pull-ups on the same regular pull-up bar, the body becomes
adapted to this specific physical demand, but not necessarily to other climbing patterns
or environments.
Progression:
1. start basic/simple then move to advance/complex
2. slow to fast
3. low force to high force

4. short distance to long distance
5. bilaterally to unilaterally
6. gradually use the Overload Principle.

Q5.Principle Of Reversibility
Reversibility means that
an athlete can lose the
effects of training when
they stop, and can gain
the effects when they
begin to train again.
Detraining occurs within a relatively short time period after an athlete ceases to train.
Performance reductions may occur in as little as two weeks or sooner.
In trained athletes, research indicates that detraining may result in greater losses in
muscular power than strength. Strength losses are due to first to neural mechanisms,
and next due to atrophy of muscles.
What is interesting is that strength levels after detraining are rarely lower than pre
training levels, so training has a residual effect even when it is discontinued. But when
the athlete returns to training, the rate of strength acquisition is high.
The Reversibility Principle Does Not Apply to Retaining Skills
Motor learning research reveals that sport skills are retained for much longer periods of time
than physiological effects of training. A skill once learned is never forgotten, especially if well
learned.
Tips on Applying the Reversibility Principle
1. Conditioning:After long rest intervals, begin a conditioning program to rebuild sport:

fitness. After several weeks of detraining due to illness or for other reasons, athletes may
need to increase training volume and reduce intensity to regain general conditioning.
2. Active Rests:During the off season, active participation in other sports or activities
minimizes detraining effects and can even facilitate skill learning. Avoid long rest
periods with complete inactivity.
3. Retraining:Increase exercise gradually and progressively after long periods of

inactivity. Athletes should avoid performing intense work without first reconditioning.
4. Flexibility: Emphasize stretching exercises to regain joint flexibility. This is

particularly important for older adults who participate in senior sports.
5. Avoid Maximum Attempts: Athletes should not attempt to lift single maximum
weight loads early in conditioning. They will remember how to properly execute the
lifts, but may sustain an injury if they overestimate how much weight they can lift
compared to their peak performance.
Q6.Indication And Contraindications
Of Active Assisted Exercise
Contra Indication Of Active Assisted Exercise
Contra-indications of Active assisted exercise
1. Acute tears and fracture.
2. Greater swelling, fever, and redness.
3. Immediately followed myocardial infarction.
4. If active assisted exercises induced pain during movement.

Indication of active assisted exercise
1. To assist movement in case on muscles weakness.
2. To increase the range of motion.
3. To assist functional activities of ADL.
4. After removal of plaster cast.
5. Following tendon or m. transplantation. As a method of muscular reduction.

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Exercises performed by patients own muscular eﬀorts without any assistance

Free Exercise can induce:

Muscle Tone maintenance

Coordination of natural pattern

Confidence to perform and control movement

Classified according to extent of era into two

Use of many joints e.g. walking running

These are formal or general anatomical movements performed in full

Patients is required for particular aim or there is presence of goal i,e.

6-Speed and Duration:

As it is essential that relaxation is maintained throughout the movement, the speed

Some of them are:

1. Increase the weight you're lifting:

2. Increase the number of reps:

4. Increase the number of sets:

6. Lengthen the time under tension:

1. start basic/simple then move to advance/complex

3. low force to high force

6. gradually use the Overload Principle.

Tips on Applying the Reversibility Principle

1. Conditioning:After long rest intervals, begin a conditioning program to rebuild sport:

3. Retraining:Increase exercise gradually and progressively after long periods of

4. Flexibility: Emphasize stretching exercises to regain joint flexibility. This is

1. Acute tears and fracture.

2. Greater swelling, fever, and redness.

3. Immediately followed myocardial infarction.

4. If active assisted exercises induced pain during movement.

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