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Q.P.
38582
MATHEMATICS SOLUTION
(MAY 2018 SEM 4 MECHANICAL)
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Q1) (a) If λ is eigen value of matrix A, then prove that 𝝀𝒏 is a eigen value of 𝑨𝒏 and hence find the
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐
eigen values for 𝑨𝟐 + 𝟐𝑨 + 𝟓𝑰, where [𝟎 𝟐 𝟒 ]. (5M)
𝟎 𝟎 𝟑
Solution:
Since λ is an eigenvalue of A if X is the corresponding eigenvector.
AX=λX
Pre-multiply by A,
AAX = λAX
A2X = λAX = λλX = λ2X
A2X = λ2X
Similarly, A3X = λ3X.
Continuing in this way AnX = λnX
𝜆𝑛 is a eigen value of 𝐴𝑛 , hence proved
2 1 −2 2 1 −2 2 1 −2 1 0 0
𝐴2 + 2𝐴 + 5𝐼 = [0 2 4 ] [0 2 4 ] + 2 [0 2 4 ] + 5 [0 1 0]
0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 1
4 4 −6 4 2 −4 5 0 0
= [0 4 20 ] + [0 4 8 ] + [0 5 0]
0 0 9 0 0 6 0 0 5
13 6 −10
= [ 0 13 28 ]
0 0 20
The Characteristic equation is
|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
13 − 𝜆 6 −10
| 0 13 − 𝜆 28 | = 0
0 0 20 − 𝜆
(13 − 𝜆)[(13 − 𝜆)(20 − 𝜆) − 0] − 6 [0 − 0] − 10[0 − 0] = 0
(13 − 𝜆)(13 − 𝜆)(20 − 𝜆) = 0
λ = 13, 13, 20
Hence the eigen values of 𝐴2 + 2𝐴 + 5𝐼 are 13, 13 and 20.
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(b) The probability density function of a random variable X is 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒌𝒙𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝒙𝟑 ), 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏. Find
k, expectation and variance of x. (5M)
Solution:
1
We have ∫0 𝑘𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥 3 ). 𝑑𝑥 = 1
1
∫0 𝑘(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 5 ). 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑥3 𝑥6
𝑘 ([ 3 − ] |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1) = 0
6
1 1
𝑘 [3 − 6] = 1
1
k. = 1
6
k=6
1
Mean 𝑥̅ = 𝐸(𝑥) = ∫0 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫0 6𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥 3 ). 𝑑𝑥
1
= 6 ∫0 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 5 ). 𝑑𝑥
1
= 6 ∫0 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥 6 ). 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4 𝑥7
= 6 ([ 4 − ] |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
7
1 1
= 6 [4 − 7]
18 9
= 28 = 14
1 1
E(𝑥 2 ) = ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = = ∫0 6𝑥 2 [𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥 3 )]. 𝑑𝑥
1
= 6 ∫0 𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 5 ). 𝑑𝑥
1
= 6 ∫0 (𝑥 4 − 𝑥 7 ). 𝑑𝑥
𝑥5 𝑥8
= 6 ([ 5 − ] |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
8
1 1
= 6 [5 − 8]
18 9
= 40 = 20
Variance = E(𝑥 2 ) − [𝐸(𝑥)]2

9 81 441−406
= 20 − 196 = 980
9
= 245
(c) A machine is set to produce metal plates of thickness 1.5 cm with standard deviation 0.2 cm. A
sample 100 plates produced by the machine gave an thickness of 1.52 cm. Is the machine fulfilling the
purpose? (5M)
Solution:
(i)The null hypothesis Ho: μ = 1.5
Alternative hypothesis Ha : μ ≠ 1.5
(ii)Calculation of test statistic:
𝑥̅ −µ 1.52−1.5
Since sample size is large Z = Zcal = 𝜎/ = =1
√ 𝑛 0.2/√100
(iii) Level of significance: α =0.05

(iv) Critical value: the value of Zα at 5% level of significance = 1.96
(v) Decision: since the calculated value of |Z| =1 is less than the table value Zα=1.96. Therefore, the null
hypothesis is accepted i.e. The machine fulfilling the purpose.
(d) Write the dual of the given LPP:

Minimise Z=2x1 + 3x2 + 4x3
Subjected to: 2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 ≥ 2
3x1 + x2 + 7x3 = 3
x1 + 4x2 + 6x3 ≤ 5
x1, x3 ≥ 0 and x2 is unrestricted. (5M)
Solution:
Minimise Z=2x1 + 3x2 + 4x3
Subjected to: 2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 ≥ 2
3x1 + x2 + 7x3 ≥ 3
- 3x1 - x2 - 7x3 ≥ -3
- x1 - 4x2 - 6x3 ≥ -5
Since x2 is unrestricted, we put x2 = x2’ - x2”

Minimise Z=2x1 + 3x2’ - 3x2” + 4x3
Subjected to: 2x1 + 3x2’ - 3x2” + 5x3 ≥ 2
3x1 + x2’ - x2” + 7x3 ≥ 3
- 3x1 - x2’ + x2” - 7x3 ≥ -3
- x1 - 4x2’ + 4x2” - 6x3 ≥ -5
If y1, y2’, y2”, y3 are the dual variables and w is the function of the dual then dual of the given problem will
be
Maximise w= 2y1 + 3y2’ - 3y2” - 5y3
Subjected to: 2y1 + 3y2’ - 3y2” - y3 ≤ 2
3y1 + y2’ - y2” - 4y3 ≤ 3
-3y1 - y2’ + y2” + 4y3 ≤ -3
5y1 + 7y2’ - 7y2” - 6y3 ≤ 4
Putting y2’ - y2” = y2, we get
Maximise w= 2y1 + 3y2 - 5y3

Subjected to: 2y1 + 3y2 - y3 ≤ 2
3y1 + y2 - 4y3 ≤ 3
-3y1 - y2 + 4y3 ≤ 3
5y1 + 7y2 - 6y3 ≤ 4
y1, y3 ≥ 0 and y2 is unrestricted.
Q2) (a) Check whether the given matrix A is diagonalizable, diagonalize if it is, where
−𝟗 𝟒 𝟒
A = [ −𝟖 𝟑 𝟒]. (6M)
−𝟏𝟔 𝟖 𝟕
Solution:
The characteristic equation of A is
−9 − 𝜆 4 4
| −8 3−𝜆 4 |=0
−16 8 7−𝜆
(−9 − 𝜆)[(3 − 𝜆)(7 − 𝜆) − 32] − 4(−56 + 8𝜆 + 64) + 4(−64 + 48 − 16𝜆) = 0
𝜆3 + 𝜆2 + 5𝜆 + 3 = 0
−(𝜆 + 1)(𝜆2 − 2𝜆 − 3) = 0
λ= -1, λ=-1, λ= 3
for λ= -1,
−8 4 4 𝑥1 0
[ −8 4 𝑥
4] [ 2 ] = [0]
−16 8 8 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅1 /(−8)
1 −1/2 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[ −8 4 4 ] [𝑥2 ] = [ 0]
−16 8 8 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅2 − (−8)𝑅1
1 −1/2 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[ 0 0 0 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
−16 8 8 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅3 − (−16)𝑅1
1 −1/2 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[0 0 0 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
0 0 0 𝑥3 0
1 1
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 0
2 2
The rank of coefficient matrix is 1. The number of unknowns is 3. Hence, there are 3-1 = 2 linearly
independent solution. Putting 𝑥2 = 2𝑡 and 𝑥3 = 2𝑠 then 𝑥1 = 𝑡 + 𝑠.
𝑡+𝑠 1 1
𝑋1 = [ 2𝑡 ] = 𝑡 [2] + 𝑠 [0]
2𝑠 0 2
Corresponding to the eigenvalue 2, we get the following two linearly independent eigenvectors.
𝑋1 = [1 2 0]′ and 𝑋2 = [1 0 2]′
for λ= 3,
−12 4 4 𝑥1 0
[ −8 0 4] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
−16 8 4 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅1 /(−12)
1 −1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[ −8 0 𝑥
4 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
−16 8 4 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅2 − (−8)𝑅1
1 −1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[ 0 −8/3 4/3 ] [𝑥2 ] = [ 0]
−16 8 4 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅3 − (−16)𝑅1
1 −1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
𝑥
[0 −8/3 4/3 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
0 8/3 −4/3 𝑥3 0
−8
By 𝑅2 /( 3 )
1 −1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[0 1 𝑥
−1/2] [ 2 ] = [0]
0 8/3 −4/3 𝑥3 0
−8
By 𝑅3 − ( 2 )𝑅2
1 −1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[0 1 𝑥
−1/2] [ 2 ] = [0]
0 0 0 𝑥3 0
−1
By 𝑅1 − ( 3 )𝑅2
1 0 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[0 1 −1/2] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
0 0 0 𝑥3 0
1
𝑥1 + 0𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 0
2
1
0𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = 0
2
So, 𝑥1 = (1/2)𝑥3 ; 𝑥2 = (1/2)𝑥3 and 𝑥3 = 𝑥3
1/2
𝑋1 = [1/2]
1
−1 0 0 1 1 1/2
Thus, A is diagonalised to [ 0 −1 0] and the diagonalizing matrix is [2 0 1/2].
0 0 3 0 2 1
̅ = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚)𝒊 + (𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙)𝒋 where C is the boundary of region

(b) Verify Green’s theorem for 𝑭
bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚 = 𝟒. (6M)
Solution:
By Green’s Theorem
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
∫ 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∬ − . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
𝑐 𝑅 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
∫𝑐 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫𝑐 (𝑥 2 2
− y )𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑦
Here, P = 𝑥 2 − y ; Q = 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
=1; = −1
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
Along C1, y = x2 and dy = 2x. dx

2
∫𝑐 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 [(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ) + (2𝑥 4 + 𝑥). 2x]. 𝑑𝑥
2 4𝑥 6 2𝑥 3
= ∫0 (4𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 2 ). 𝑑𝑥 = ( + |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 2)
6 3
256 16 144
= + =
6 3 3
Along C2, y = 4 and dy = 0

0
∫𝑐 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫2 (𝑥 2 − 4). 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
= ( 3 − 4𝑥|𝑥 = 2 𝑡𝑜 0)
8 16
= 0 − (3 − 8) = 3
Along C3, x = 0 and dx = 0

0
∫𝑐 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫4 (2𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 3
= (0 − |𝑥 = 4 𝑡𝑜 0)
3
128 − 128
=0−( )=
3 3
144 16 128 32
∫𝑐 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = + − = ……………………………(i)
3 3 3 3
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃 4 𝑦
∬𝑅 − 𝛿𝑦 . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 ∫0 ∫0√ 2. 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
𝛿𝑥
1
= ∫0 (2𝑥|𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 √𝑦) . 𝑑𝑦
4
= 2 ∫0 √𝑦 . 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 3/2 32
= (2 ∗ |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 4) = ………………………………………..(ii)
3/2 3
From (i) and (ii), the theorem is proved.
(c) The heights of six randomly chosen sailors are in inches :63,65,68,69,71 and 72. The heights of ten
randomly soldiers are :61,62,65,66,69,69,70,71,72 and 73. Discuss in the light that these data throw on
the suggestion that the soldiers on an average taller than sailors. (8M)
Solution:
We first calculate the mean and standard deviation of the heights of both sailors and soldier
Sailors Soldiers
Height d1 d12 Height d2 d22
X1 (𝑥1 − ̅̅̅)
𝑥1 𝑥1 2
(𝑥1 − ̅̅̅) X2 (𝑥2 − ̅̅̅)
𝑥2 𝑥2 2
(𝑥2 − ̅̅̅)
63 -5 25 61 -6.8 46.24
65 -3 9 62 -5.8 33.64
68 0 0 65 -2.8 7.84
69 1 1 66 -1.8 3.24
71 3 9 69 1.2 1.44
72 4 16 69 1.2 1.44
70 2.2 4.84
71 3.2 10.24
72 4.2 17.84
73 5.2 27.04
2 2
∑(𝑥1 − 𝑥
̅̅̅)
1 ∑(𝑥2 − 𝑥
̅̅̅)
2
∑ 𝑥1 = 408 0 ∑ 𝑥2 = 678 0
= 60 = 153.60
Now,
∑ 𝑋1 408 ∑ 𝑋2 678
𝑋1 = = = 68, 𝑋2 = = = 67.8
𝑁 6 𝑁 10
The unbiased estimate of the common population
̅̅̅̅
∑(𝑋1 −𝑋 2 ̅̅̅̅
1 ) + ∑(𝑋2 −𝑋 2)
2 60+153.6
sp = √ = √ 6+10−2 = √15.26 = 3.9
𝑛1 +𝑛2 −2
Null Hypothesis Ho: µ1 = µ2

Alternative Hypothesis Ha: µ1 ≠ µ2
Calculation of test statistic
̅̅̅̅
𝑋1 −𝑋̅̅̅̅
2
𝑡= 𝑆.𝐸.
̅̅̅1 = 68, 𝑋
Now, 𝑋 ̅̅̅2 = 67.8
1 1 1 1
S.E. = sp * √𝑛 + 𝑛 = 3.9 ∗ √6 + 10 = 2.014
1 2
̅̅̅̅
𝑋1 −𝑋̅̅̅̅
2 68−67.8
𝑡= =
𝑆.𝐸. 2.014
Level of significance: α = 0.05

Critical value: The value of t at α = 0.05 for v = 6 + 10 – 2=14 degrees of freedom is tα = 2.145
Decision: Since the computed value | t | = 0.099 is smaller than the table value tα = 2.145, the hypothesis is
accepted.
Therefore, the means are equal i.e. the suggestion that the soldiers on the average are taller than sailors
cannot be accepted.
Q3) (a) Use Big-M method to solve

Minimise z = 10x1 + 3x2
Subjected to: x1 + 2x2 ≥ 3
x1 + 4x2 ≥ 4
x1, x2 ≥ 0 (6M)
Solution:
Maximise z’ = - z = -10x1 - 3x2
Subjected to: x1 + 2x2 ≥ 3
x1 + 4x2 ≥ 4
z’ = -10x1 - 3x2 -0s1 - 0s2-MA1 - MA2
x1 + 2x2 - s1 - 0s2 + A1 + 0A2 ≥ 3
x1 + 4x2 - 0s1 - s2 + 0A1 + A2 ≥ 4
We now eliminate - MA1 and - MA2 from the object function by adding M times the first and second
constraints to the object function.
z’ = -10x1 - 3x2 -0s1 - 0s2 - MA1 - MA2 + -10x1 - 3x2 + Mx1 + 2Mx2 - Ms1 + MA1 – 3M + Mx1 + 4Mx2 - Ms2 +
MA2 - 4M
z’ = (- 10 + 2M) x1 + (-3 + 6M) x2 - Ms1 - Ms2 + 0A1 + 0A2 - 7M
z’ + (10 - 2M) x1 + (3 - 6M) x2 + Ms1 + Ms2 + 0A1 + 0A2 = 7M
and constraints as above
Setting x1 = 0, x2 = 0, s1 = 0 , s2 = 0, we have A1 = 3, A2 = 4
Iteration Basic Coefficient Of R.H.S. Ratio

No. Var. x1 x2 s1 s2 A1 A2 Soln
0 z’ 10-2M 3-6M M M 0 0 -7M
A2 leaves A1 1 2 -1 0 1 0 3 1.5
x1 enters A2 1 4* 0 -1 0 1 4 1
1 z’ 37/4-M/2 0 M 3/4- M/2 0 -M-3
A1 leaves A1 1/2* 0 -1 ½ 0 1 2
s2 enters x2 1/4 1 0 -1/4 0 1 4
2 z’ 17/2 0 3/2 0 -9/2
s2 1 0 -2 1 2
x2 1/2 0 -1/2 0 3/2
x1 = 0 x2 = 3/2 z’= -9/2 z = 9/2
(b) Using Gauss Divergence Theorem, evaluate ∬𝑺 𝑵 ̅. 𝑭

̅ where S is the surface of the region bounded
̅ = 𝟐𝒙𝒊 + 𝒙𝒚𝒋 + 𝒛𝒌.
by cylinder 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒, 𝒛 = 𝟎, 𝒛 = 𝟔 and 𝑭 (6M)
Solution:
By divergence formula,
∬ 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑆̅ = ∭ ▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣
𝑆 𝑉
Now, 𝐹̅ = 2𝑥𝑖 + 𝑥𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘

𝛿(2𝑥) 𝛿(𝑥𝑦) 𝛿(𝑧)
▽.𝐹̅ = 𝛿𝑥 + 𝛿𝑦 − 𝛿𝑧
=2+x+1
=3+x
∭▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣 = ∭(3 + 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑣 = ∭(3 + 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧

𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
Now, to cover the whole volume bounded by the cylinder 𝑥2 +
𝑦 2 = 4, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 6, z varies from 0 to 6, y varies from
−√4 − 𝑥 2 to √4 − 𝑥 2 , and x varies from -2 to 2
2 √4−𝑥 2 6
∭(3 + 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ ∫(3 + 𝑥). 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧

𝑉 𝑥=−2 𝑦=−√4−𝑥 2 𝑧=0
2 √4−𝑥 2
= ∫−2 ∫−√4−𝑥 2(3𝑧 + 𝑥𝑧|𝑧 = 0 𝑡𝑜 6) . 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 √4−𝑥 2
= ∫−2 ∫−√4−𝑥 2 18 + 6𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2
= ∫−2(18𝑦 + 6𝑥𝑦|𝑥 = −√4 − 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑜 √4 − 𝑥 2 )
2
= ∫−2 18√4 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥√4 − 𝑥 2 − (−18√4 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥√4 − 𝑥 2 ) . 𝑑𝑥
2
= ∫−2 18√4 − 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥√4 − 𝑥 2 . 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 4 𝑥
= (36 (2 √4 − 𝑥 2 + 2 sin−1 2) − 4(4 − 𝑥 2 )3/2 |𝑥 = −2 𝑡𝑜 2)
= 72π
(c) Find the rank, index, signature and class of the following Quadratic Form by reducing it to its
canonical form using Congruent transformations 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒛𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝒛 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝒛. (8M)
Solution:
The matrix form is
4 −4 −10
A=[ −4 3 8 ]
−10 8 12
We write A=IAI
4 −4 −10 1 0 0 1 0 0
[−4 3 8 ] = [0 1 0] 𝐴 [0 1 0]
10 8 12 0 0 1 0 0 1
10 10
By 𝑅2 + 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 + 4 𝑅1 , 𝐶2 + 𝐶1 , 𝐶3 + 4 𝐶1
4 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 10/4
[0 −1 −2 ] = [ 1 1 0] 𝐴 [0 1 0 ]
0 −2 −13 10/4 0 1 0 0 1
By 𝑅3 + 2𝑅2 , 𝐶3 − 2𝐶2
4 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 9/2
[0 −1 0 ] = [ 1 1 0] 𝐴 [0 −1 2 ]
0 0 17 9/2 2 1 0 0 1
𝑥1 1 1 9/2 𝑦1
[𝑥2 ] = [0 −1 2 ] [𝑦2 ]
𝑥3 0 0 1 𝑦3
9
𝑥1 = 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + 2 𝑦3
𝑥2 = −𝑦2 + 2𝑦3
𝑥3 = 𝑦3
The rank = 3, index = 2
Signature = difference between positive squares and negative squares = 2 – 1 = 1
Since some diagonal elements are positive, some are negative, the value class is indefinite.
Q4 (a) The number of accidents in a year attributed to taxi drivers in a city follow Poisson
distribution with mean 3. Out of 1000 taxi drivers, with (i) no accidents in a year (ii) more than 3
accidents in a year. (6M)
Solution:
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑥
P (X = x) = , x = 0, 1, 2, ……
𝑥!
We are given m = 3
𝑒 −3 3𝑥
P (X = x) = , x = 0, 1, 2, ……
𝑥!
𝑒 −3 30
P (X = 0) = = 0.0498
0!
𝑒 −3 31
P (X = 1) = = 0.1494
1!
𝑒 −3 32
P (X = 2) = = 0.2241
2!
𝑒 −3 33
P (X = 3) = = 0.2241
3!
Expected number of drivers with no accidents = N x p (0) = 1000 x 0.0498 = 49.8 = 50 nearly
p (0, 1, 2 accidents) = p(0) + p(1) + p(2) = 0.0498 + 0.1494 + 0.2241 = 0.4233
p(more than 3 accidents) = 1 – 0.4233 = 0.5767
Expected number of drivers with more than 3 accidents = N x p = 1000 x 0.5676
= 576.7 = 577 nearly.
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏
(b) Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem and hence find A-1, if A = [−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏]. (6M)
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐
Solution:
The characteristic equation is
|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
2−𝜆 −1 1
| −1 2−𝜆 −1 | = 0
1 −1 2−𝜆
(2 − 𝜆)[(2 − 𝜆)2 − 1] + 1 [−1(2 − 𝜆)] + 1[1 − (2 − 𝜆)] = 0
𝜆3 − 6𝜆2 + 9𝜆 − 4 = 0
Cayley Hamilton Theorem states this equation is satisfied by A

𝐴3 − 6𝐴2 + 9𝐴 − 4𝐼 = 0
2 −1 1 2 −1 1 6 −5 5
Now, 𝐴2 = [−1 2 −1] [−1 2 −1] = [−5 6 −5]
1 −1 2 1 −1 2 5 −5 6
6 −5 5 2 −1 1 22 −21 21
𝐴3 = [−5 6 −5] [−1 2 −1] = [−21 22 −21]
5 −5 6 1 −1 2 21 −21 22
22 −21 21 6 −5 5 2 −1 1 1 0 0
𝐴3 − 6𝐴2 + 9𝐴 − 4𝐼 = [−21 22 −21] − 6 [−5 6 −5] + 9 [−1 2 −1] − 4 [0 1 0]
21 −21 22 5 −5 6 1 −1 2 0 0 1
0 0 0
= [0 0 0]
0 0 0
Now multiply the equation by A-1,

4A-1 = (𝐴2 − 6A + 9𝐼)
6 −5 5 2 −1 1 1 0 0
= [−5 6 −5] − 6 [−1 2 −1] + 9 [0 1 0]
5 −5 6 1 −1 2 0 0 1
3 1 −1
-1 1
A = 4[ 1 3 1 ]
−1 1 3
(c) In a test given to two groups of students drawn from two normal populations marks obtained were
as follows
Group A:18, 20, 36, 50, 49, 36, 34, 49, 41
Group B:26, 28, 26, 35, 30, 30, 44, 46
Examine the equality of variances (Given: F0.025 = 5.6 with d.f. 8 & 6 and F0.025 = 4.65 with d.f. 6 & 8.)
Solution: (8M)
We first calculate the mean and standard deviation of the heights of both sailors and soldier
Group A Soldiers
x (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 y (𝑦 − 𝑦̅) (𝑦 − 𝑦̅)2
18 -19 396 29 -5 25
20 -17 289 28 -6 36
36 -1 1 26 -8 64
50 13 169 35 1 1
49 12 144 30 -4 16
36 -1 1 44 10 100
34 -3 9 46 12 144
49 12 144
41 4 16
∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 ∑(𝑦 − 𝑦̅)2

∑ 𝑥 = 333 0 ∑ 𝑦 = 238 0
= 1134 = 386
333 238
𝑥̅ = = 37, 𝑦̅ = = 34
9 7
∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 = 1134 , ∑(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅)2 = 386

Null Hypothesis (Ho): 𝜎1 2 = 𝜎2 2
Alternate Hypothesis (Ha): 𝜎1 2 ≠ 𝜎2 2

𝑛 𝑠 2 /(𝑛 −1)
𝐹 = 𝑛1 𝑠12 /(𝑛1 −1)
2 2 2
But 𝑛1 𝑠1 2 = ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 and 𝑛2 𝑠2 2 = ∑(𝑦𝑖 −

𝑦̅)2
1134/8
𝐹= = 2.203
386/6

Degrees of freedom: 𝑣1 = 𝑛1 − 1 = 9 − 1 = 8 for the numerator
𝑣2 = 𝑛2 − 1 = 7 − 1 = 6 for the denominator
Critical Value: The table value
𝐹(8,6) (0.025) = 5.6
𝐹(6,8) (0.025) = 4.65
1 1
And = 4.65 = 0.215
𝐹(6,8) (0.025)
Decision: Since the calculation value F = 2.203 lies between 0.215 and 4.65, we accept the null hypothesis
𝟓 −𝟔 −𝟔
Q5) (a) Show that A = [−𝟏 𝟒 𝟐 ]is derogatory and hence find minimal polynomial. (6M)
𝟑 −𝟔 −𝟒
Solution:
|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
5−𝜆 −6 −6
| −1 4−𝜆 2 |=0
3 −6 −4 − 𝜆
(5 – λ)*[(4 – λ)*( –4 – λ) + 12] + 6 [4 + λ - 6] – 6 [6 – 3(4 – λ)] = 0
(5 – λ)*( –4 – 𝜆2) + 6 [– 2 + λ] – 6 [–6 – 3λ] = 0
𝜆3 − 5𝜆2 + 8𝜆 − 4 = 0
(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆 − 1) = 0
λ = 2, 2, 1
Let us now find minimal polynomial of A. We know that each characteristic root of A is a root of the
minimal polynomial of A. So if f(x) is the minimal polynomial of A, then (x-2) and (x-1) are the factors of
f(x) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
Let us see whether (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 annihilates A
5 −6 −6 5 −6 −6 5 −6 −6 1 0 0
𝐴2 − 3𝐴 + 2𝐼 = [−1 4 2 ] [ −1 4 2 ] − 3 [ −1 4 2 ] + 2 [ 0 1 0]
3 −6 −4 3 −6 −4 3 −6 −4 0 0 1
13 −18 −18 15 −18 −18 2 0 0
= [−2 10 2 ] − [−3 12 6 ] + [0 2 0]
9 −18 −14 9 −18 −12 0 0 2
0 0 0
= [0 0 0 ]
0 0 0
Thus, f(x) is monic polynomial of lowest degree that annihilates A. Hence f(x) is minimal polynomial of A.
Since its degree is less than the order of A, A is derogatory.
̅ = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 𝒊 + (𝒙𝟐 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚𝒛)𝒋 + (𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚𝒛)𝒌 is a conservative field. Find ϕ
(b) Prove that 𝑭
̅ =▽. 𝝓 . Hence find the work done in moving an object in this field from (0,0,1) to (1,π/4,2).
such that 𝑭
Solution: (6M)
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
Curl (𝐹̅ ) = | 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧
|
2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧
= (2𝑥 2 𝑧 + cos 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦𝑧 sin 𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 sin 𝑦𝑧 − cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑖 + (4𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 4𝑥𝑦𝑧)𝑗 + (2𝑥𝑧 2 − 2𝑧𝑥 2 )𝑘
=0
𝐹̅ is irrotatonal.
Since 𝐹̅ is irrotatonal there exists a scalar function ϕ, such that 𝐹̅ =▽. 𝜙
𝛿𝜙 𝛿𝜙 𝛿𝜙
2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑖 + (𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑗 + (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑘 = + +
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧
= 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ; = (𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧) ; = (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧)
dϕ = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝛿𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
= 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑦 + (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑧

= (2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑧) + (𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑧)
= 𝑑(𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + sin 𝑦𝑧)
Φ=𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + sin 𝑦𝑧
Now, Work done = ∫𝑐 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑟̅ = ∫𝑐 𝑑(𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + sin 𝑦𝑧
𝜋
= (𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + sin 𝑦𝑧 |(0, 0 ,1)𝑡𝑜 (1, 4 , 2))
= π +1
(c) Out of a sample 120 persons in a village, 76 were administered a new drug for preventing influenza
and out of them 24 persons were attacked by influenza. Out of these were not administered the new
drugs, 12 persons were not affected by influenza. Use chi-square method to find out whether the new
drug is effective or not? (8M)
Solution:
The above data can be arranged in the following 2 x 2 contingency table
New drug Effect of Influenza Total
Attacked Not attacked
Administered 24 76 – 24 = 52 76
Not administered 44 – 12 = 32 12 120 – 76 =44
Total 120 – 64 = 56 52 + 12 = 64 120
24 + 32 = 56
Null Hypothesis: ‘Attack of influenza’ and the administration of the new drug are independent
Computation of statistic:
𝑁(𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐)2
𝑥𝑜 2 = (𝑎+𝑐)(𝑏+𝑑)(𝑎+𝑏)(𝑐+𝑑)
120(24∗12−52∗32)2
= 56∗64∗76∗44
120∗13762
= 54∗64∗76∗44 = 18.95
Expected value:
(𝑂−𝐸)2
𝑥𝑒 2 = ∑ ( ) follows 𝑥 2 distribution with (2 - 1) x (2 -1) d.f. = 3.84
𝐸
Inference: Since 𝑥𝑜 2 = 𝑥𝑒 2 , Ho is rejected at 5% level of significance. Hence we conclude that the new drug
is definitely effective in controlling (preventing) the disease (influenza).
Q6) (a) Evaluate ∫𝒄 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙 − 𝒛)𝒅𝒚 + (𝒚 − 𝒛)𝒅𝒛 where C is the boundary of the triangle
with vertices (2,0,0),(0,3,0),(0,0,6) oriented in the anticlockwise direction. (6M)
Solution:
By Stokes theorem ∫𝑐 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑟̅ = ∬𝑠 𝑁

̅.▽. 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑠
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
Now, ▽ 𝑋 𝐹 = | 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧
| = (1 + 1)𝑖 − (0 − 1)𝑗 + (1 − 2)𝑘
𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑥−𝑧 𝑦−𝑧
= 2i + j - 1k
Further ϕ = 3x + 2y + z – 6
Normal to the plane ABC,
▽ϕ = 𝑖 + 𝛿𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑘 = 3𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 1𝑘
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
Unit normal to the plane ΔABC
̅ = ▽𝜙 =
𝑁
3𝑖+2𝑗+1𝑘
|▽𝜙| √14
3𝑖+2𝑗+1𝑘
∬𝑐 𝑁.▽ 𝑋 𝐹. 𝑑𝑠 = ∬𝑐 ( ) (2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘).ds
√14
3∗2+2∗1+1∗(−1)
= ∬𝑐 . 𝑑𝑠
√14
7
= ∬𝑐 . 𝑑𝑠
√14
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
The equation of the plane is 2 + 3 + 6 = 1,
OA = 2, OB = 3, OC = 6
But ∬ 𝑑𝑠 over the triangle ABC is the area of the triangle ABC. If AB = c, BC = a, CA = b and θ is the
1
angle between AB and BC, then the area of ΔABC = 𝑎𝑐 sin 𝜃.
2
By cosine rule, 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2ac cos 𝜃

Now, 𝑎2 = 36 + 9 = 45, 𝑏 2 = 36 + 4 = 40, 𝑐 2 = 9 + 4 = 13
40 = 45 + 13 − 2 ∗ √45 ∗ √13 cos 𝜃

18 9
cos 𝜃 = =
2 ∗ √45 ∗ √13 √45 ∗ √13
2
9 504
sin 𝜃 = √1 − cos 𝜃 2 = √1 − ( ) =√
√45 ∗ √13 45 ∗ 13
1 504
area of ΔABC = 𝑎𝑐 sin 𝜃 = 0.5 ∗ √45 ∗ √13 ∗ √45∗13 = √126
2
∬ 𝑑𝑠 = √126
7√126
∬𝑐 𝑁.▽ 𝑋 𝐹. 𝑑𝑠 = √14
= 7√9 = 21
(b) Ten individual are chosen at random from a population and their heights are found to be (inches):
63, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 and 71. In the light of the data, discuss the suggestion that the mean height
in the population is 66 inches. (6M)
Solution:
N = 10 (<30, so it is small sample)
Null Hypothesis (Ho) : µ = 65
Alternate Hypothesis (Ha) : µ! = 65 [two tailed test]
LOS = 5 % (two tailed test)
Degree of freedom = n – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9
Critical value (tα) = 2.2622
Values (𝑥𝑖 ) 𝐷𝑖 = 𝑥𝑖 − 67 𝐷𝑖 2
63 -4 16
63 -4 16
64 -3 9
65 -2 4
66 -1 1
69 2 4
69 2 4
70 3 9
70 3 9
71 4 16
Total 0 88
∑𝑑 0
𝑑̅ = 𝑛 𝑖 = 10 = 0
𝑥̅ = 𝑎 + 𝑑̅ = 67 + 0 = 67
∑𝑑 2 ∑𝑑
Since sample is small, 𝑠 = √ 𝑛𝑖 − (√ 𝑛 𝑖 )2
88 0
= √10 − (√10)2 = 2.9965
𝑠 2.9965
𝑆. 𝐸. = = = 0.9888
√𝑛 − 1 √10 − 1
Step 4: Test statistic
𝑥̅ − µ 67 − 65
𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 = = = 2.0227
𝑆. 𝐸. 0.9888
Step 5: Decision
Since | tcal | < tx, H0 is accepted.
The mean height of the universe is 65 inches.
(c) Using dual simplex method solve the given LPP
Minimise z=2x1+x2
Subjected to: 3x1+x2 ≤ 3,
4x1+3x2 ≥ 6,
x1+2x2 ≤ 3,
x1, x2 ≥ 0 (8M)
Solution:
Minimise z = 2x1 + x2
Subjected to: 3x1 + x2 ≤ 3
-4x1 - 3x2 ≤ -6,
x1 + 2x2 ≤ 3.
Introducing the slack variables s1, s2, s3.
Maximise z = 2x1 + x2 - 0s1 - 0s2 - 0s3
z - 2x1 - x2 + 0s1 + 0s2 + 0s3
Subjected to: 3x1 + x2 + s1 + 0s2 + 0s3 = 3
-4x1 - 3x2 + 0s1 + s2 + 0s3 = -6,
x1 + 2x2 + 0s1 + 0s2 + s3 = 3.
Iteration Basic Coefficient of R.H.S
Number Variables x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 Solution
0 Z -2 -1 0 0 0
s1 3 1 1 0 0 3
s2 -4 -3* 0 1 0 -6
s3 1 2 0 0 1 3
Ratio -2 1/3 0 0 0
1 Z -2 2 0 -1 0
s1 5/3 0 1 1/3 0 1
x2 4/3 1 0 -1/3 0 2
s3 -5/3* 0 0 2/3 1 -1
Ratio 2/3 0 0 1/3 0

2 Z -2 -1 0 0 0
s1 0 0 1 1 1 0
x2 0 1 0 0.2 0.8 1.2
x1 1 0 0 -0.4 -0.6 0.6
Q.P. 37729
(NOV 2018 SEM 4 MECHANICAL)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
Q1(a) State that the matrix 𝑨 = [𝟐 𝟑 𝟒] is non derogatory. (5M)
𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
Solution:
1−𝜆 2 3
| 2 3−𝜆 4 |=0
3 4 5−𝜆
(1 – λ) [(3 – λ) (5 – λ) – 16] – 2[2 (5 – λ) – 12] + 3[8 – 3 (3 – λ)] = 0
(1 – λ) [(–1 – 8λ + λ2] – 2[– 2 – 2λ] + 3[ – 1 + 3λ)] = 0
λ3 – 9λ2 – 6λ = 0
λ [λ2 – 9λ – 6] = 0
Since, all roots are distinct and since the characteristic equation is satisfied by A. The degree of minimal
equation is equal to 3 and hence A is non-derogatory.
(b) Determine all basic solutions to the following problem

Maximise z = x1 + 3x2 + 3x3
Subjected to: 1x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 4,
2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 7,
x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0 (5M)
Solution:
No. of Non-basic Basic Equations and Is the Is the Value of Is the
basic variables variables the values of solution solution z solution
solution =0 the basic feasible? degenerate? optimal?
variables
1. x3 = 0 x1, x2 x1 + 2x2 = 4 Yes No 5 Yes
2x1 + 3x2 = 7
x1 = 2, x2 = 1
2. x2 = 0 x1, x3 x1 + 3x3 = 4 Yes No 4 No
2x1 + 5x3 = 7
x1 = 1, x3 = 1
3. x1 = 0 x2, x3 2x2 + 3x3 = 4 No No --- ---
3x2 + 5x3 = 7
x2 = -1, x3 = 2
̅ = (𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒛)𝒊 + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛𝟑 )𝒋 + (𝟑𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒙)𝒌 is an irrotational vector and find the
(c) Prove that 𝑭
̅ =▽ 𝝓.
corresponding scalar ϕ such that 𝑭 (5M)
Solution:
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
|
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦𝑧 3 3𝑦 𝑧 + 𝑥 2 2
= (6𝑦𝑧 2 − 6𝑦𝑧 2 )𝑖 + (1 − 1)𝑗 + (2𝑥 − 2𝑥)𝑘

=0
(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑖 + (𝑥 2 + 2𝑦𝑧 3 )𝑗 + (3𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥)𝑘 = 𝑖 + 𝛿𝑦 𝑗 + 𝛿𝑧 𝑗
𝛿𝑥
= 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 ; = (𝑥 2 + 2𝑦𝑧 3 ) ; = (3𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥)
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
= (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 +2𝑦𝑧 3 )𝑑𝑦 + (3𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑧

= 2𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑧. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 . 𝑑𝑦+2𝑦𝑧 3 . 𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 𝑧 2 . 𝑑𝑧 + 𝑥. 𝑑𝑧
𝑦2𝑧 4
= 𝑑(𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑧𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 + + 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 + 𝑥𝑧)
2
𝑧4
= 𝑑 (2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ( 2 + 𝑧 3 ))
𝑧4
Φ = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ( 2 + 𝑧 3 ) + 𝑐
Where, c is constant of integration
(d) Can it be concluded that the average life span of an Indian is more than 71 years, if a random
sample of 900 Indians has an average life span 72.8 years with standard deviation of 7.2 years? (5M)
Solution:
Null Hypothesis Ho: µ = 70 years
Alternate Hypothesis Ha: µ ≠ 70 years
𝑋̅ − µ
Test statistic: 𝑍 = 𝜎/√𝑛
Since we are given standard deviation of the sample, we put

𝑋̅ = 71.8 , µ = 70, 𝜎 = 7.2, 𝑛 = 100
71.8−70
𝑍= = 2.5
7.2/√100

Critical value: the value of zα at 5% level of significance is 1.96
Decision: Since the computed value |𝑍| = 2.5 is greater than the critical value zα = 1.96, the null hypothesis
is rejected.
𝟖 −𝟖 −𝟐
Q2 (a) Show that the matrix A=[𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐] is diagonalizable and hence find the transforming
𝟑 −𝟒 𝟏
matrix and diagonal matrix. (6M)
Solution:
8−𝜆 −8 −2
| 4 −3 − 𝜆 −2 | = 0
3 −4 1−𝜆
(1 − 𝜆)(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆 − 3) = 0
λ = 1, 2, 3.
Since, all eigen values are distinct the matrix A is diagonalize.
(i) For λ = 1, [A − 𝜆1 𝐼] = 0
7 −8 −2 𝑥1 0
[4 −4 −2] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
3 −4 0 𝑥3 0
7x1 - 8x2 - 2x3 = 0
4x1 - 4x2 - 2x3 = 0
By Cramer’s Rule
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
−8 −2 = 7 −2 = 7 −8
| | | | | |
−4 −2 4 −2 4 −4
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= =
8 6 4
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= = =𝑡
4 3 2
𝑥1 = 4𝑡; 𝑥2 = 3𝑡; 𝑥1 = 2𝑡
4𝑡 4 4
𝑋1 = [3𝑡] = 𝑡 [3] 𝑋1 = [3]
2𝑡 2 2
Corresponding to eigenvalue 1, the eigenvector is [4, 3, 2]′.
(ii) For λ = 2, [A −𝜆2 𝐼] = 0
6 −8 −2 𝑥1 0
[4 −5 −2] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
3 −4 −1 𝑥3 0
6x1 - 8x2 - 2x3 = 0
4x1 - 5x2 - 2x3 = 0
By Cramer’s Rule
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
−8 −2 = 6 −2 = 6 −8
| | | | | |
−5 −2 4 −2 4 −4
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= =
6 4 2
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= = =𝑡
3 2 1
𝑥1 = 3𝑡; 𝑥2 = 2𝑡; 𝑥1 = 𝑡
3𝑡 3 3
𝑋2 = [2𝑡 ] = 𝑡 [2] 𝑋2 = [2]
𝑡 1 1
(iii) For λ = 3, [A −𝜆3 𝐼] = 0
5 −8 −2 𝑥1 0
𝑥
[4 −6 −2] [ 2 ] = [0]
3 −4 −2 𝑥3 0
5x1 - 8x2 - 2x3 = 0
4x1 - 6x2 - 2x3 = 0
By Cramer’s Rule
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
−8 −2 = 5 −2 = 5 −8
| | | | | |
−6 −2 4 −2 4 −6
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= =
4 2 2
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
= = =𝑡
2 1 1
𝑥1 = 2𝑡; 𝑥2 = 𝑡; 𝑥1 = 𝑡
2𝑡 2 2
𝑋3 = [ 𝑡 ] = 𝑡 [1] 𝑋3 = [1]
𝑡 1 1
4 3 2
M = [𝑋1 𝑋2 𝑋3 ] = [3 2 1]
2 1 1
8 −8 −2
−1
Since 𝑀 𝐴𝑀 = 𝐷, the matrix A = [4 −3 −2] will be diagonalized to the diagonal matrix
3 −4 1
1 0 0 4 3 2
𝐷 = [0 1 0] by the transforming matrix M = [3 2 1].
0 0 1 2 1 1
(b)Verify Green’s theorem for ∫𝒄 (𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 + (𝟒𝒚 − 𝟔𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒚 where C is the closed curve given
by y 𝒙𝟐 ; y = √𝒙 (6M)
Solution:
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
∫ 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∬ − . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
Here, P = (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 ) ; Q= (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
= −6𝑦 ; = −16𝑦
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
Along, y=x2 and dy=2x.dx and x varies from (0,1)
∫ 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦
𝑐
1
= ∫ (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 ). 𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦). dy
0
𝟏
= ∫𝟎 (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 4 ). 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥(4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 3 ). 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 3 8𝑥 5 8𝑥 4 12𝑥 5
=( − + − |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
3 5 4 5
8 8 12
=1−5+4− = −1
5
1
Along 𝑦 = √𝑥, 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥
𝑐
1
= ∫ (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥). 𝑑𝑥
0
1
+ (4√𝑥 − 6𝑥√𝑥). . 𝑑𝑥
2 √𝑥
1
= ∫0 (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥). 𝑑𝑥 + (2 − 3𝑥). 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 3 8𝑥 2 3𝑥 2
=( − + 2𝑥 − |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
3 2 2
3 −5
=1−4+2−2= 2
1 √𝑥
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
∬ − . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (−22𝑦). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
0 𝑥2
1
= ∫(−11𝑦 2 |𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑜 √𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥
0
= ∫ −11𝑥 − (−11𝑥 4 ) . 𝑑𝑥
0
1
= ∫0 −11𝑥 + 11𝑥 4 . 𝑑𝑥
−11𝑥 2 11𝑥 5
=( + |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
2 5
−33
= 10
(c)Solve the following problem by simplex method
Maximize z = 3x1 + 2x2
3x1 + 2x2 ≤ 18
x1 ≤ 4
x2 ≤ 6
x1, x2 ≥ 0 (8M)
Solution:
We first express the problem in standard form
z - 3x1 - 2x2 + 0s1 + 0s2 + 0s3 = 0
3x1 + 2x2 + s1 + 0s2 + 0s3 = 18
x1 + 0x2 + 0s1 + s2 + 0s3 = 4
0x1 + x2 + 0s1 + 0s2 + s3 = 7
We now express the above information in tabular form
Iteration Basic Coefficient of R.H.S Ratio
Number Variables x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 Solution
0 Z -3 -2 0 0 0
s2 leaves s1 3* 2 1 0 0 18 6
x1 enters s2 1 0 0 1 0 4 4
s3 0 1 0 0 1 6 ---
1 Z 0 -2 0 3 0 12
s1 leaves s1 0 2* 1 -3 0 6 3
x2 leaves x1 1 0 0 1 0 4 ---
s3 0 1 0 0 1 6 8
2 Z 0 0 1 0 0 18
x2 0 1 1/2 -3/2 0 3
x1 1 0 0 1 0 4
s3 0 0 -1/2 3/2 1 3
x1 = 4; x2 = 3; zmax = 18
Q3 (a) Use Stoke’s theorem evaluate ∫ 𝑭 ̅ . 𝒅𝒓̅ . 𝑭

̅ = 𝟐𝒚(𝟏 − 𝒙)𝒊 + (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐 )𝒋 + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 )𝒌
where s is the surface of the plane x + y + z = 2 which is the first octant. (6M)
Solution:

̅.▽. 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑠
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
|
2𝑦(1 − 𝑥) (𝑥 − 𝑥 −𝑦 2 ) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 +𝑧 2 )
2 2
= (2𝑦 − 0)𝑖 − (2𝑥 − 0)𝑗 + (1 − 2𝑥 − 2 + 2𝑥)𝑘
= 2𝑦𝑖 + 2𝑥𝑗 − 𝑘
Further ϕ = x + y + z – 2
Normal to the plane ABC,
▽ϕ = 𝑖 + 𝛿𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑘 =𝑖+𝑗+𝑘
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
Unit normal to the plane ΔABC
̅ = ▽𝜙 =
𝑁
𝑖+𝑗+𝑘
|▽𝜙| √3
Lets ds be the element in the plane of the plane ABC. Then its projection
in xy-plane will be dx dy. If the θ is the angle between plane ABC and the
xy-plane, then
̅ . 𝑘 = (𝑖+𝑗+𝑘) . 𝑘 =
𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝑠 and cos 𝜃 = 𝑁
1
√3 √3
1
𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = . 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠 = √3. 𝑑𝑥𝑦
√3
̅ .▽. 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑖+𝑗+𝑘 . (2𝑦𝑖 − 2𝑥𝑗 − 𝑘)√3. 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 1). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦

𝑁
√3
̅ .▽. 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬
∬𝑠 𝑁 (2𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 1). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
𝛥𝑂𝐴𝐵
2 2−𝑥 2
∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=0 (2𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 1). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 (𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦|𝑦 = 0 𝑡𝑜 2 − 𝑥)
2
= ∫0 [(2 − 𝑥)2 − 2𝑥(2 − 𝑥) − (2 − 𝑥)]. 𝑑𝑥
2
= ∫0 [(2 − 𝑥)2 − 2(2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) − (2 − 𝑥)]. 𝑑𝑥
−(2−𝑥)3 𝑥3 (2−𝑥)2
=( − 2 (𝑥 2 − )+ |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 2)
3 3 2
8 8
= (−2 (4 − 3) − (− 3 + 2)) = −2
(b)The standard deviations calculated from two random samples of sizes 9 and 13 are 1.99 and 1.9. Can
the samples be regard as drawn from the normal populations with same standard deviations?
(Given: F0.025 = 3.51 with d.o.f. 8 & 12 and F0.025 = 4.20 with d.o.f. 12 & 8 or F0.005 = 4.50 with
d.o.f. 8 & 12) (6M)
Solution:
Null Hypothesis Ho: σ12 = σ12
Alternative Hypothesis Ha: σ12 ≠ σ12
𝑛 𝑠 2 /(𝑛 −1)
Calculations of Test Statistic: F=𝑛1 𝑠1 2/(𝑛1 −1)
2 2 2
We are given n1=9, n2=13, 𝑠1 2 = 1.992 , 𝑠2 2 = 1.92
9∗1.992 /(9−1) 4.455
F=13∗1.92/(13−1) = = 1.139
3.91
Level of significance α=0.05
Degree of freedom v1 = n1 – 1 = 8 for the numerator

v2 = n2 – 1 = 12 for the denominator

F(8,12)(0.025)=3.51
F(12,8)(0.025)=4.20
1 1
= 4.20 = 0.238
F(12,8)(0.025)
Decision: Since the calculated value F=1.139 lies between 0.238 and 3.51, we accept the null hypothesis.
(c) Use Penalty Method (Big M method) to solve the following L.P.P.
Minimise z = 6x1 + 4x2
Subjected to: 2x1 + 3x2 ≤ 30
3x1 + 2x2 ≤ 24
x1 + x2 ≥ 3
x1, x2 ≥ 0 (8M)
Solution:
We introduce slack variable s1, s2 in the first two constraints, surplus variable s3 and the artificial variable A3
in the third constraint, and big penalty in the object function.
Maximise z = 6x1 + 4x2 - 0s1 - 0s2 - 0s3 - MA3
Subjected to: 2x1 + 3x2 + s1 + 0s2 + 0s3 + 0A3 = 30
3x1 + 2x2 + 0s1 + s2 + 0s3 + 0A3 = 24
x1 + x2 + 0s1 + 0s2 + s3 + A3 = 3
We now eliminate the term -MA3 from the object function by adding M times the third constraint to the
object function.
z = 6x1 + Mx1 + 4x2 + Mx2 - 0s1 - 0s2 - Ms3 - 0A3 – 3M
z – (6 + M) x1 – (4 + M) x2 - 0s1 - 0s2 - Ms3 - 0A3 = – 3M
Iteration Basic coeffici ent of R.H.S. Ratio
No. Var. x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 A3 Solution
0 z -6-M -4-M 0 0 M 0 -3M
A3 leaves s1 2 3 1 0 0 0 30 30/2 = 15
x1 enters s2 3 2 0 1 0 0 24 24/3 = 8
A3 1* 1 0 0 -1 1 3 3/1 = 3
1 z 0 2 0 0 -6 18
s2 leaves s1 0 1 1 0 2 24 24/2 = 12
s3 enters s2 0 -1 0 1 3* 15 15/3 = 5
x1 1 1 0 0 -1 3 3/-1 = -3
2 z 0 0 0 2 0 48
s1 leaves s1 0 5/3* 1 -2/3 0 14 14/(5/3)
= 42/5
x2 enters s2 0 -1/3 0 1/3 1 5 1*-3 = …
x1 1 2/3 0 1/3 0 8 8/(3/2) =
12
3 z 0 0 0 2 0 48
x2 0 1 3/5 -2/5 0 42/5
s2 0 0 1/5 1/5 1 39/5
x1 1 0 -2/5 3/5 0 12/5
x1 = 12/5, x2 = 42/5, zmax = 48.
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
Q4(a) Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for the matrix 𝑨 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]. Hence find A-1. (6M)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
Solution:
2−𝜆 1 1
| 0 1−𝜆 0 |=0
1 1 2−𝜆
(2 – λ) [(1 – λ) (2 – λ) – 0] – 1[0 – 0(2 – λ) ] + 1[ 1(1 – λ) – 0] = 0
(4 – 4λ + λ2) (1 – λ) – (1 – λ) = 0
λ3 – 5λ2 – 7λ – 3 = 0
This equation is satisfied by A.
In terms of the matrix A this means A3 – 5A2 – 7A – 3I Now,
Multiply by A-1, we get A2 – 5A – 7I – 3A-1
2 1 1 2 1 1 5 4 4
2
A = [0 1 0] [0 1 0]=[0 1 0]
1 1 2 1 1 2 4 4 5
A2 – 5A – 7I – 3A-1 = 0
5 4 4 2 1 1 1 0 0
1
A-1 = 3 {− [0 1 0] + 5 [0 1 0] + 7 [0 1 0]}
4 4 5 1 1 2 0 0 1
12 1 1
1
= 3[ 0 11 0]
1 1 12
(b) Marks obtained by students in an examination follow normal distributions. If 30% of students got
below 35 marks and 10% got above 60 marks. Find mean and standard deviation. (6M)
Solution:
Let m and n be the mean and standard deviation of the distribution.
Since 30% students are below 35, and 20% are in between 35 and m.
Since 10% students are above 40, and 40% are in between m and 60.
From the table we find that,
0.2 area corresponds to Z = 0.525
And 0.4 area corresponds to Z = 1.283
But 0.2 area is to the left of m hence Z = - 0.525
35−𝑚 60−𝑚
= −0.525 ; = 1.283………(i)
𝜎 𝜎
35 − 𝑚 = −0.525σ
60 − 𝑚 = 1.283σ
By subtracting, we get
25 = 1.808 σ
25
𝜎 = 1.808 = 13.83
Putting this value of σ in (i), we get

35 – m = - 0.525 x 13.83
m = 35 + 0.525 x 13.83 = 42.26
Hence, the mean = 13.83 and the standard deviation, σ = 42.26.
(c) Use the dual simplex method to solve the following L.P.P.
Minimize z = x1 + x2
Subjected to: 2x1 + x2 ≥ 2
-x1 - x2 ≥ -1
x1, x2 ≥ 0 (8M)
Solution:
Minimise z = x1 + x2
Subject to -2x1 - x2 ≤ -2
x1 + x2 ≤ -1
Introducing the slack variables s1, s2, we have

Minimise z = x1 + x2 - 0s1 - 0s2
i.e. z - x1 - x2 + 0s1 + 0s2
Subject to -2x1 - x2 + s1 + 0s2 = -2
x1 + x2 + 0s1 + s2 = -1
Iteration Basic Coeficient Of R.H.S.
Number Variable x1 x2 s1 s2 Solution
0 z -1 -1 0 0 0
s1 leaves s1 -2* -1 1 0 -2
x1 enters s2 1 1 0 1 -1
Ratio 1/2 1
1 Z 0 -1/2 -1/2 0 1
x1 1 1/2 -1/2 0 1
s2 0 1/2 1/2 1 -2
Ratio --- -1 -1 ---
Now s2 row is negative, s2 leaves. But since all ratios are negative, the L.P.P. has no feasible solution.
𝟑/𝟐 𝟏/𝟐
Q5 (a)Find 𝒆𝑨 and 𝟒𝑨 . If A= [ ] (6M)
𝟏/𝟐 𝟑/𝟐
Solution:
3
−𝜆 1/2
|2 3 |=0
1/2 −𝜆
2
(3/2-λ)2 – ¼ = 0
9/4 - 3λ + λ2 – ¼ = 0
λ2- 3λ +2=0
(λ-1)*(λ-2)=0
λ= 1, 2
1. For λ=1, [A − λI]𝑋 = 0 gives
1/2 1/2 𝑥1 0
[ ][ ] = [ ]
1/2 1/2 𝑥2 0
1 1 𝑥1 0
By 2R2 and 2R1 [ ][ ] = [ ]
1 1 𝑥2 0
1 1 𝑥1 0
By R2 - R1 [ ] [𝑥 ] = [ ]
0 0 2 0
x1+x2 = 0
putting x2=-t , we get x1=t
𝑡 1
X1= [ ] = 𝑡 [ ]
−𝑡 −1
Hence the eigen values are 1, -1.
−1/2 1/2 𝑥1 0
[ ][ ] = [ ]
1/2 −1/2 𝑥2 0
−1 1 𝑥1 0
By 2R2 and 2R1 [ ] [𝑥 ] = [ ]
1 −1 2 0
−1 1 𝑥1 0
By R2-R1 [ ][ ] = [ ]
0 0 𝑥2 0
-x1+x2 = 0
x1=x2
putting x2=t, we get x1=t
𝑡 1
X2= [ ] = 𝑡 [ ]
𝑡 1
Hence the eigen values are 1, 1.
1 1 |𝑀| = 2
M=[ ]
−1 1
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴−1 1 1 −1
M-1 = = 2[ ]
|𝑀| 1 1
1 0
Now, D=[ ]
0 2
1
If f(A)= eA, f(D)=eD=[𝑒 0]
0 𝑒2
1
If f(A)= 4A, f(D)=4D=[4 0]
0 42
eA = M f(D) M-1
1 1 𝑒1 0 ] 1 [1 −1]
=[ ][
−1 1 0 𝑒2 2 1 1
2
=2 [ 𝑒 + 𝑒 2
1 −𝑒 + 𝑒 2 ]
−𝑒 + 𝑒 𝑒 + 𝑒2
Similarly, replacing e by 4, we get
1 20 12 10 6
4A=2 [ ]=[ ].
12 20 6 10
(b) A random discrete variable x has the probability density function given
X -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(X) 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 k
Find k, the mean and the variance. (6M)
Solution:
Since ∑ 𝑝(𝑋) = 1
0.1 + k + 0.2 + 2k + 0.3 + k = 1
0.6 + 4k = 1
4k = 0.4
k = 0.1
Therefore, the probability distribution of X is
X -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(X) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1
E(X) = mean = ∑ 𝑝𝑖 𝑥𝑖
= (−2) ∗ 0.1 + (−1) ∗ 0.1 + 0 ∗ 0.2 + 1 ∗ 0.2 + 2 ∗ 0.3 + 3 ∗ 0.1
= 1.5
E(X2) = ∑ 𝑝𝑖 𝑥𝑖 2
= (−2) ∗ 0.12 + (−1) ∗ 0.12 + 0 ∗ 0.22 + 1 ∗ 0.22 + 2 ∗ 0.32 + 3 ∗ 0.12
= 0.22
Variance = E(X) - E(X2)
= 1.5 – 0.22
= 1.28
(c) In an experiment on immunizations of cattle from Tuberculosis the following results were
obtained. Using 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕 to determine the efficiency of vaccine in preventing tuberculosis.
Affected Not affected Total
Inoculated 290 110 400
Not Inoculated 310 90 400
Total 600 200 800
Solution: (8M)
(i)Null Hypothesis Ho: There is no association between the vaccine and the not affected people.
Alternative Hypothesis Ha: There is association
𝐴𝑋𝐵
(ii)On the basis of this hypothesis, the number in the first cell = 𝑁
Where, A = number of inoculated

B = number who are affected
N = Total number of vaccine
400 𝑋 600
Expected frequency = = 300
800
This is the frequency in the first cell.

The frequencies in the remaining cells are 400-300=100, 600-300=300, 400-300=100.
Calculation of 𝒙𝟐
O E |𝑶 − 𝑬| − 0.5 (|𝑶 − 𝑬| − 0.5)𝟐
𝑬
290 300 9.5 9.52
= 0.301
300
310 300 9.5 9.52
= 0.301
300
110 100 9.5 9.52
= 0.903
100
90 100 9.5 9.52
= 0.903
100
Total 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝟖
(iii) Level of significance : α=0.05

Degree of Freedom : (𝑟 − 1)(𝑐 − 1) = (2 − 1)(2 − 1) = 1
Critical valve : For 1 degree of freedom at 5% level of significance the table value of 𝑥 2 = 3.81
Decision : Since the calculated value of 𝑥 2 = 2.408 is less than the table value of 𝑥 2 = 3.81 , the null
hypothesis is accepted.
There is no association between the vaccine and the not affected people.
Q6 (a) Use Gauss divergence theorem to evaluate ∬ 𝑵 ̅. 𝑭
̅ . 𝒅𝒔 where 𝑭
̅ = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒛𝒋 + 𝒚𝒛𝒌 and s is the
surface of the cube bounded by x=0, x=1, y=0, y=1, z=0, z=1. (6M)
Solution:
∬ 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑆̅ = ∭ ▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣
𝑆 𝑉
Now, 𝐹̅ = 𝑥 2 + 𝑧𝑗 + 𝑦𝑧𝑘
𝛿(𝑥 2 ) 𝛿(𝑧) 𝛿(𝑦𝑧)
▽.𝐹̅ = ( + + )
= 2x + 0 + y
= 2x + y
∭▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣 = ∭(2𝑥 + 𝑦) . 𝑑𝑣 = ∭ (2x + y) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧

𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
1 1 1
∭(2𝑥 + 𝑦) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ ∫(2𝑥 + 𝑦). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧

𝑉 0 0 𝑟
1 1
= ∫0 ∫0 (2𝑥𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧|𝑧 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1) . 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1 1
= ∫0 ∫0 (2𝑥 + 𝑦) . 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1 𝑦2
= ∫0 (2𝑥𝑦 + |𝑦 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1) . 𝑑𝑥
2
1 1
= ∫0 (2𝑥 + 2) . 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2 1
=( + 2 𝑥|𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
2
1 3
=1+2=2
̅ . 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑠 = 3
∬𝑁 2
(b)The mean of two random samples of size 9 and 7 are 196.42 and 198.82 respectively. The sum of the
squares of the deviation from the mean are 26.94 and 18.73 respectively. Can the sample be
considered to have drawn from the same normal population? (6M)
Solution:
n1=9 and n2=7(<30 , so it is small sample)

𝑥1
̅̅̅=196.42 ;𝑥
̅̅̅=198.82
2 ; ∑(𝑥1𝑖 − 𝑥̅1 )2 = 26.94; ∑(𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑥̅2 )2 = 18.73
Step 1 :
Null Hypothesis (H0): µ1 = µ2 (i.e. Samples are drawn from the same population)
Alternate Hypothesis (Ha): µ1 ≠ µ2 (i.e. Samples are not drawn from the same population)
Step 2:
LOS = 5% (Two tailed test)
Degree of freedom = n1 + n2 – 2 = 9 + 7 – 2 = 14
Critical value (t∞) = 2.145
Step 3:
∑(𝑥1𝑖 −𝑥̅ 1 )2 +∑(𝑥2𝑖 −𝑥̅ 2 )2 26.94+18.73
Since Sample is small, sp = √ =√ = 1.8061
n1 + n2 – 2 9+7−2
1 1 1 1
S.E. = sp√𝑛 + 𝑛 = 1.8061√9 + 7 = 0.9102
1 2
Step 4 : Test Statistic

̅𝑥̅̅1̅−𝑥
̅̅̅2̅ 196.42−198.82
𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 = = =2.6368
𝑆.𝐸. 0.9102
Step 5 :- Decision
Since |tcal|>t∞, H0 is rejected ∴∴ The samples cannot be considered to have to have been drawn from the
same population.
(c) Find the index, rank, signature and class of the Quadratic Form 𝒙𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙𝟑 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 −
𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 by reducing it to canonical form using congruent transformation method.
Solution: (8M)
The matrix form is
1 1 −1
A=[ 1 2 1 ]
−1 1 3
We write A=IAI
1 1 −1 1 0 0 1 0 0
[ 1 2 1 ] = [0 1 0] 𝐴 [0 1 0]
−1 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 1
By 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 − 𝑅1 , 𝐶2 − 𝐶1 , 𝐶3 − 𝐶1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 −1 1
[0 2 1] = [−1 1 0] 𝐴 [0 1 0]
0 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 1
By 𝑅3 − 2𝑅2 , 𝐶3 − 2𝐶2
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 −1 3
[0 1 0 ] = [−1 1 0] 𝐴 [0 1 −2]
0 0 −2 3 −2 1 0 0 1
𝑥1 1 −1 3 𝑦1
[𝑥2 ] = [0 1 −2] [𝑦2 ]
𝑥3 0 0 1 𝑦3
𝑥1 = 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 + 𝑦3
𝑥2 = 𝑦2 − 2𝑦3
𝑥3 = 𝑦3
The rank = 3, index = 2
Q.P. 67562
(MAY 2019 SEM 4 MECHANICAL)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q1. (a) Write the dual of the given LLP (5M)
Maximise Z=4x1+9x2+2x3
Subjected to: 2x1+3x2+2x3≤7,
3x1-2x2+4x3=5,
x1,x2,x3≥0
Solution:
Since the problem is of maximisation type, the constraints must be expressed in less than or equal to form.
2x1+3x2+2x3≤7
3x1-2x2+4x3=5
i.e. 3x1-2x2+4x3 ≥ 5 and 3x1-2x2+4x3 ≤ 5
i.e. -3x1+2x2-4x3 ≤ -5 and 3x1-2x2+4x3 ≤ 5
hence the given problem becomes,
Maximise Z=4x1+9x2+2x3
Subjected to: 2x1+3x2+2x3 ≤ 7,
-3x1+2x2-4x3 ≤ -5
3x1-2x2+4x3 ≤ 5,
x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0
Since the last constraint in the primal is an equality y3 must be unrestricted. Let y1, y2’,y2” be the associated
non negative variables of the dual. Then the dual is
w = 7y1+ 5y2’- 5y2”
2y1+ 3y2’- 3y2” ≥ 4
3y1+ 2y2’- 2y2” ≥ 9
2y1+ 4y2’- 4y2” ≥ 2
Putting y2’- y2” = y2, where y2 is unrestricted, the required dual is
w = 7y1+ 5y2
2y1+ 3y2 ≥ 4
3y1+ 2y2 ≥ 9
2y1+ 4y2 ≥ 2
y1 ≥ 0; y2 is unrestricted.
(b) If X is a random variable with probability density function (5M)
𝒙𝒌; 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐
f(x)={𝟐𝒌; 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒
𝟔𝒌; 𝟒 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔
find k, expectation and P(𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑).
Solution:
∞
Since, ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑑𝑥 = 1
2 4 6
∫0 𝑥𝑘. 𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 2𝑘. 𝑑𝑥 + ∫4 6𝑘. 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑥2
( 2 𝑘|𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 2) + (2𝑘𝑥|𝑥 = 2 𝑡𝑜 4) + (6𝑥𝑘|𝑥 = 4 𝑡𝑜 6) = 1
(4/2) k + (8k – 4k) + (36k – 24k) = 1

2k + 4k + 12k = 1
k = 1/18
𝑥
;0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
18
1
f(x)= ;2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
9
1
;4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6
{3
3 𝑥 1
P(1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3) = ∫1 (18 + 9) . 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥
= (2∗18 + 9 |𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑜 3)
= (3*3)/(18*2) + (3/9) – (1*1)/(18*2)-(1/9)

= 4/9
∞
E(X) = ∫−∞ 𝑥. 𝑓(𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥3 4𝑥 6𝑥
= ∫0 . 𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 9 . 𝑑𝑥 + ∫4 3 . 𝑑𝑥
18
𝑥4 𝑥2 𝑥2
= (4∗18 |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 2) + (2∗9 |𝑥 = 2 𝑡𝑜 4) + (2∗3 |𝑥 = 4 𝑡𝑜 6)
24 42 22 62 42
= 4∗18 + 2∗9 − 2∗9 + 2∗3 − 2∗3
38
= 9
(c)A tyre company claims that the life of the tyres have mean 42,000 kms with standard deviation of
4,000 kms. A change in the production process is believed to a result in better product. A test sample
of 81 new tyres has a mean life 42,500 kms. Test at 5% level of significance that the new product is
significantly better than old one. (5M)
Solution:
Ho: µ= 42000 km.
H1: µ > 42000 km.
Here n = 81,
Test statistic : Zcal = 𝑥̅ −µ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅−42000 = 1.125

= 42500
𝜎/√𝑛 4000/√81
Alternate hypothesis shows, this is right tailed test.
α= 0.05, Zα = 1.64 which is the critical value.
Decision :
Since Zca1 < Zα => Zeal lies in the acceptance region
Hence H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected
New product is not significantly better than the current one.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
(d) Find the minimal polynomial of A=[𝟏 𝟑 𝟏]. Is A derogatory. (5M)
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
Solution:
|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
2−𝜆 2 1
| 1 3−𝜆 1 |=0
1 2 2−𝜆
(2 – λ)*[(3 - λ)*(2 - λ) – 2] – 2 [2 – λ - 1] + 1 [2 – 3 + λ] = 0
𝜆3 − 7𝜆2 + 11𝜆 − 5 = 0
λ = 1, 1, 5
Let us now find minimal polynomial of A. We know that each characteristic root of A is a root of the
minimal polynomial of A. So if f(x) is the minimal polynomial of A, then (x-1) and (x-5) are the factors of
f(x)
Let us see whether (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 annihilates A
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 0
2
𝐴 − 6𝐴 + 6𝐼 = [1 3 1] [1 3 1] − 6 [1 3 1] + 5 [0 1 0]
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 1
7 12 6 12 12 6 5 0 0
= [6 13 6] − [ 6 18 6 ] + [0 5 0]
6 12 7 6 12 12 0 0 5
0 0 0
= [0 0 0 ]
0 0 0
Thus, f(x) is monic polynomial of lowest degree that annihilates A. Hence f(x) is minimal polynomial of A.
Since its degree is less than the order of A, A is derogatory.
Q2. (a) Use Big M method to solve the following LLP (6M)
Minimise Z=2x1+x2
Subjected to: 3x1+x2 = 3,
4x1+3x2 ≥ 6,
x1+2x2≤ 3,
x1, x2≥0
Solution:
We have,
Maximise z’= -z =-2x1-x2-0s1-0s2-MA1-MA2 …………..(i)
Subject to 3x1+x2 +0s1+0s2+A1+0A2 = 3 …………………(ii)
4x1+3x2 -s1+0s2+0A1+A2 = 6……………………(iii)
x1+2x2 +0s1+s2+0A1+0A2 = 3…………………….(iv)
Multiply (ii) and (iii) by M and (i)
Maximise z’= (-2+7M) x1 + (-1+4M) x2 -Ms1+0s2-A1-0A2 -9M
z’+ (2-7M) x1 + (1-4M) x2 +Ms1+0s2+0A1+0A2 =-9M
Iteration Basic Coefficient of R.H.S. Ratio

No. Var. x1 x2 s1 s2 A1 A2 Soln
0 z’ 2-7M 1-4M M 0 0 0
A1 A1 3* 1 0 0 1 0 3 1
leaves
x1 enters A2 4 3 -1 0 0 1 6 1.5
s2 1 2 0 1 0 0 3 3
1 z’ 0 1/3-5M/3 M 0 0 -2-2M
A2 x1 1 1/3 0 0 0 1 3
leaves
x2 enters A2 0 5/3* -1 0 1 2 6/5
s2 0 5/3 0 1 0 2 6/5
2 z’ 0 0 1/5 0 12/5
x1 1 0 1/5 0 3/5
x2 0 1 -3/5 0 6/5
s2 0 0 1 1 0
x1=3/5 x2=6/5 z’max= -12/5 zmin=12/5
𝟑/𝟐 𝟏/𝟐
(b) Find 𝒆𝑨 and 𝟒𝑨 . If A= [ ] (6M)
𝟏/𝟐 𝟑/𝟐
Solution:
3
−𝜆 1/2
|2 3 |=0
1/2 −𝜆
2
(3/2-λ)2 – ¼ = 0
9/4 - 3λ + λ2 – ¼ = 0
λ2- 3λ +2=0
(λ-1)*(λ-2)=0
λ= 1, 2
1/2 1/2 𝑥1 0
[ ][ ] = [ ]
1/2 1/2 𝑥2 0
1 1 𝑥1 0
By 2R2 and 2R1 [ ][ ] = [ ]
1 1 𝑥2 0
1 1 𝑥1 0
By R2-R1 [ ][ ] = [ ]
0 0 𝑥2 0
x1+x2 = 0
putting x2=-t , we get x1=t
𝑡 1
X1= [ ] = 𝑡 [ ]
−𝑡 −1
Hence the eigen values are 1, -1.
−1/2 1/2 𝑥1 0
[ ] [𝑥 ] = [ ]
1/2 −1/2 2 0
−1 1 𝑥1 0
By 2R2 and 2R1 [ ] [𝑥 ] = [ ]
1 −1 2 0
−1 1 𝑥1 0
By R2-R1 [ ] [𝑥 ] = [ ]
0 0 2 0
-x1+x2 = 0
x1=x2
putting x2=t, we get x1=t
𝑡 1
X2= [ ] = 𝑡 [ ]
𝑡 1
Hence the eigen values are 1, 1.
1 1 |𝑀| = 2
M=[ ]
−1 1
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴−1 1 1 −1
M-1 = = [ ]
|𝑀| 2 1 1
1 0
Now, D=[ ]
0 2
1
If f(A)= eA, f(D)=eD=[𝑒 0]
0 𝑒2
1
If f(A)= 4A, f(D)=4D=[4 0]
0 42
eA = M f(D) M-1
1 1 𝑒1 0 ] 1 [1 −1]
=[ ][
−1 1 0 𝑒2 2 1 1
2
=2 [ 𝑒 + 𝑒 2
1 −𝑒 + 𝑒 2 ]
−𝑒 + 𝑒 𝑒 + 𝑒2
Similarly, replacing e by 4, we get
1 20 12 10 6
4A=2 [ ]=[ ]
12 20 6 10
(c) Verify Green’s theorem for ∫𝒄 (𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 + (𝟒𝒚 − 𝟔𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒚 where C is the closed curve given
by y 𝒙𝟐 ; y = √𝒙 (8M)
Solution:
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
∫ 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∬ − . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
Here, P = (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 ) ; Q= (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦)
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
= −6𝑦 ; = −16𝑦
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
Along, y=x2 and dy=2x.dx and x varies from (0,1)
𝑐
1
= ∫ (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 2 ). 𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦). dy
0
𝟏
= ∫𝟎 (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 4 ). 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥(4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 3 ). 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 3 8𝑥 5 8𝑥 4 12𝑥 5
=( − + − |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
3 5 4 5
8 8 12
=1−5+4− = −1
5
1
Along 𝑦 = √𝑥, 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥
1
1
∫ 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥). 𝑑𝑥 + (4√𝑥 − 6𝑥√𝑥). . 𝑑𝑥
𝑐 0 2 √𝑥
1
= ∫0 (3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥). 𝑑𝑥 + (2 − 3𝑥). 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 3 8𝑥 2 3𝑥 2
=( − + 2𝑥 − |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
3 2 2
3 −5
=1−4+2−2= 2
1 √𝑥
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
∬ − . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (−22𝑦). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
0 𝑥2
1
= ∫(−11𝑦 2 |𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑜 √𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥
0
= ∫ −11𝑥 − (−11𝑥 4 ) . 𝑑𝑥
0
1
= ∫0 −11𝑥 + 11𝑥 4 . 𝑑𝑥
−11𝑥 2 11𝑥 5
=( + |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
2 5
−33
= 10
̅ = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 𝒊 + (𝒙𝟐 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚𝒛)𝒋 + (𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚𝒛)𝒌 is a conservative field.

Q3 (a) Prove that 𝑭
̅ =▽. 𝝓 . Hence find the work done in moving an object in this field from (0,0,1) to
Find ϕ such that 𝑭
(1,π/4,2). (6M)
Solution:
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
|
2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧
= (2𝑥 2 𝑧 + cos 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦𝑧 sin 𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 sin 𝑦𝑧 − cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑖 + (4𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 4𝑥𝑦𝑧)𝑗 + (2𝑥𝑧 2 − 2𝑧𝑥 2 )𝑘
=0
2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑖 + (𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑗 + (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑘 = + +
= 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ; = (𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧) ; = (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧)
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
= 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑦 + (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑧

= (2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧𝑑𝑧) + (𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑧)
= 𝑑(𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + sin 𝑦𝑧)
Φ=𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + sin 𝑦𝑧
Now, Work done = ∫𝑐 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑟̅ = ∫𝑐 𝑑(𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + sin 𝑦𝑧
𝜋
= (𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + sin 𝑦𝑧 |(0, 0 ,1)𝑡𝑜 (1, 4 , 2))
= π +1
(b)The standard deviations calculated from two random samples of sizes 9 and 13 are 1.99 and 1.9. Can
the samples be regard as drawn from the normal populations with same standard Deviations.
(Given: F0.025 = 3.51 with d.o.f. 8 & 12 and F0.025 = 4.20 with d.o.f. 12 & 8.) (6M)
Solution:
𝑛 𝑠 2 /(𝑛 −1)
Calculations of Test Statistic: F=𝑛1 𝑠1 2 /(𝑛1 −1)
2 2 2
We are given n1=9, n2=13, 𝑠1 2 = 1.992 , 𝑠2 2 = 1.92
9∗1.992 /(9−1) 4.455
F=13∗1.92 /(13−1) = = 1.139
3.91

F(8,12)(0.025)=3.51
F(12,8)(0.025)=4.20
1 1
= 4.20 = 0.238
F(12,8)(0.025)
(c)Find the index, rank, signature and class of the Quadratic Form 𝒙𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙𝟑 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 −
𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 by reducing it to canonical form using congruent transformation method.
Solution: (8M)
The matrix form is

1 1 −1
A=[ 1 2 1 ]
−1 1 3
We write A=IAI
1 1 −1 1 0 0 1 0 0
[ 1 2 1 ] = [0 1 0] 𝐴 [0 1 0]
−1 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 1
By 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 − 𝑅1 , 𝐶2 − 𝐶1 , 𝐶3 − 𝐶1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 −1 1
[0 2 1] = [−1 1 0 ] 𝐴 [0 1 0]
0 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 1
By 𝑅3 − 2𝑅2 , 𝐶3 − 2𝐶2
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 −1 3
[0 1 0 ] = [−1 1 0] 𝐴 [0 1 −2]
0 0 −2 3 −2 1 0 0 1
𝑥1 1 −1 3 𝑦1
[𝑥2 ] = [0 1 −2] [𝑦2 ]
𝑥3 0 0 1 𝑦3
𝑥1 = 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 + 𝑦3
𝑥2 = 𝑦2 − 2𝑦3
𝑥3 = 𝑦3
The rank = 3 , index = 2
Q4 (a) Evaluate ∬𝑺 𝑭 ̅ where 𝑭
̅ . 𝒅𝑺 ̅ = (𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒛)𝒊 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒋 − (𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚)𝒌 and S is the closed surface
bounded by x=0. Y=0, z=0, 2x+2y+z=6.
Solution: (6M)
∬ 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑆̅ = ∭ ▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣
𝑆 𝑉
Now, 𝐹̅ = (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑖 + 𝑦 2 𝑗 − (𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑘

𝛿(2𝑥𝑦+𝑧) 𝛿(𝑦 2 ) 𝛿(𝑥+3𝑦)
▽.𝐹̅ = + −
= 4y
3 3−𝑥 6−2𝑥−2𝑦
∭▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 4𝑦. 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧

𝑉 𝑥=0 𝑦=0 𝑧=0
3 3−𝑥 6−2𝑥−2𝑦 4𝑦 2
= ∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑧=0 . 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
2
=
3 3−𝑥
∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=0 (4𝑦𝑧|𝑧 = 0 𝑡𝑜 6 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦) . 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
3 3−𝑥
= ∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=0 4𝑦(6 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦) − 4𝑦 ∗ 0 . 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
3 3−𝑥
= ∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=0 24𝑦 − 8𝑥𝑦 − 8𝑦 2 . 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
3 24𝑦 2 8𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦3
= ∫𝑥=0 ( − − |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 3 − 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥
2 2 3
3 𝑦3
= ∫𝑥=0 (12𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 2 − |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 3 − 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥
3
3 (3−𝑥)3
= ∫𝑥=0 12(3 − 𝑥)2 − 4𝑥(3 − 𝑥)2 − . 𝑑𝑥
3
3 (3−𝑥)3
= ∫𝑥=0 12(3 − 𝑥)2 − 4(3𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 ) −3
3
. 𝑑𝑥
(3−𝑥)3 3𝑥 2 6𝑥 3 𝑥4 (3−𝑥)4
= (12 (−1)∗3 − 4 ∗ ( 2 − 3 + ) − (−1)∗3∗4 |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 3)
4
= 118.8
𝟏 𝟐
(b) Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem to find 𝟐𝑨𝟒 − 𝟓𝑨𝟑 − 𝟕𝑨 + 𝟔 where A= [ ]
𝟐 𝟐
Solution: (6M)
1−λ 2
| |=0
2 2−λ
(1 − λ)(2 − λ) = 0
λ2 − 3λ − 2 = 0
By Cayley Hamilton theorem, this equation is satisfied by A
A2 − 3A − 2 = 0
Now, dividing 2𝜆4 − 5𝜆3 − 7𝜆 + 6 by λ2 − 3λ − 2 we get
2𝜆4 − 5𝜆3 − 7𝜆 + 6 = (𝜆2 − 3𝜆 − 2)(2𝜆2 + 𝜆 + 7) + 16𝜆 + 20
In terms of matrix A, this means
2𝐴4 − 5𝐴3 − 7𝐴 + 6 = (𝐴2 − 3𝐴 − 2)(2𝐴2 + 𝐴 + 7) + 16𝐴 + 20
But as seen above, A2 − 3A − 2I = 0
2𝐴4 − 5𝐴3 − 7𝐴 + 6𝐼 = 16𝐴 + 20
1 2 1 0 36 32
2𝐴4 − 5𝐴3 − 7𝐴 + 6𝐼 = 16 [ ] + 20 [ ]= [ ]
2 2 0 1 32 52
(c) A sample of 400 students of under-graduate and 400 students of postgraduate classes was taken to
know their opinion about autonomous colleges. 290 of the under-graduate and 310 of the post-
graduate students favoured the autonomous status. Use chi-square test and test that the opinion
regarding autonomous status of colleges is independent of the level of classes of students.
Solution: (8M)
Students favoured Students who have a Total
the autonomous different opinion
status
Undergraduate 290 110 400
Post graduate 310 90 400
Total 600 200 800
(i)Null Hypothesis Ho: Opinion is independent of the level of classes (There is no association between the
classes and the opinion)
Alternative Hypothesis Ha: There is association
𝐴𝑋𝐵
(ii)On the basis of this hypothesis, the number in the first cell = 𝑁
Where, A=number of under-graduate students

B=number who favoured
N= Total number of students
400 𝑋 600
Expected frequency = = 300
800
This is the frequency in the first cell.

The frequencies in the remaining cells are 400-300=100, 600-300=300, 400-300=100.
Calculation of 𝒙𝟐
O E |𝑶 − 𝑬| − 0.5 (|𝑶 − 𝑬| − 0.5)𝟐
𝑬
290 300 9.5 9.52
= 0.301
300
310 300 9.5 9.52
= 0.301
300
110 100 9.5 9.52
= 0.903
100
90 100 9.5 9.52
= 0.903
100
Total 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝟖
(iii) Level of significance : α=0.05
Degree of Freedom : (𝑟 − 1)(𝑐 − 1) = (2 − 1)(2 − 1) = 1
Critical valve : For 1 degree of freedom at 5% level of significance the table value of 𝑥 2 = 3.81
Decision : Since the calculated value of 𝑥 2 = 2.408 is less than the table value of 𝑥 2 = 3.81 , the null
There is no association between the opinion and the level of classes.
̅ 𝑿 𝒓̅
𝒂 ̅
𝒂 ̅ . 𝒓̅) 𝒓̅
𝟑(𝒂
Q5 (a) Prove that ▽x[ ]= − (6M)
𝒓𝟑 𝒓𝟑 𝒓𝟑
Solution:
𝑎̅ 𝑋 𝑟̅ (𝑎1 𝑖+𝑎2 𝑗+𝑎3 𝑘)(𝑥𝑖+𝑦𝑗+𝑧𝑘) 𝑎1 𝑥+𝑎2 𝑦+𝑎3 𝑧
We have = =
𝑟3 𝑟3 𝑟3
𝑎̅ 𝑋 𝑟̅ 𝑎1 𝑥+𝑎2 𝑦+𝑎3 𝑧
Let ϕ = =
𝑟3 𝑟3
𝛿𝜙 𝑎1 𝑟 3 − (𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 + 𝑎3 𝑧). 3. 𝑟 2 (𝛿𝑟/𝛿𝑥)

=
𝛿𝑥 𝑟6
𝛿𝑟 𝛿𝑟 𝑥
But 𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , 2𝑟. 𝛿𝑥 = 2𝑥 , 𝛿𝑥 = 𝑟
𝛿𝜙 𝑎1 𝑟 3 − (𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 + 𝑎3 𝑧). 3. 𝑟 1 . 𝑥 𝑎1 𝑟 3 (𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 + 𝑎3 𝑧). 3. 𝑥

= = −
𝛿𝑥 𝑟6 𝑟6 𝑟 6−1
𝛿𝜙 𝑎1 3. (𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 + 𝑎3 𝑧). 𝑥
= 3−
𝛿𝑥 𝑟 𝑟5
𝛿𝜙 𝑎2 3. (𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 + 𝑎3 𝑧). 𝑦
= 3−
𝛿𝑦 𝑟 𝑟5
𝛿𝜙 𝑎3 3. (𝑎1𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 + 𝑎3 𝑧). 𝑧
= 3−
𝛿𝑧 𝑟 𝑟5
▽ϕ = 𝑖 + 𝛿𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑘
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
1 𝑛
= 𝑟 3 (𝑎1 𝑖 + 𝑎2 𝑗 + 𝑎3 𝑘) − 𝑟 5 [(𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 + 𝑎3 𝑧)(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘)]
𝑎̅ . 𝑟̅ = (𝑎1 𝑖 + 𝑎2 𝑗 + 𝑎3 𝑘)(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘) = (𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 + 𝑎3 𝑧)

𝑎̅ 3(𝑎̅ . 𝑟̅ ) 𝑟̅
▽ϕ= −
𝑟3 𝑟3
𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏
(b) Show that the matrix A=[−𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏] is diagonalizable and hence find the transforming matrix
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑
and diagonal matrix.
Solution: (6M)
3−𝜆 −1 1
| −1 3−𝜆 −1 | = 0
1 −1 3−𝜆
(3 − 𝜆)[(3 − 𝜆)(3 − 𝜆) − 1] + 1(𝜆 − 3 + 1) − 1(1 − 3 + 𝜆) = 0
𝜆3 − 9𝜆2 − 24𝜆 + 20 = 0
(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆2 − 7𝜆 + 10) = 0
λ= 2, λ=2, λ= 5
for λ= 2,
1 −1 1 𝑥1 0
[−1 1 −1] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
1 −1 1 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅2 + (−1)𝑅1
1 −1 1 𝑥1 0
[0 𝑥
0 0] [ 2 ] = [0]
1 −1 1 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 −1 1 𝑥1 0
[0 0 0] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
0 0 0 𝑥3 0
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0
The rank of coefficient matrix is 1. The number of unknowns is 3. Hence, there are 3-1 = 2 linearly
independent solution. Putting 𝑥2 = 𝑡 and 𝑥3 = 𝑠 then 𝑥1 = 𝑡 − 𝑠.
𝑡−𝑠 1 −1
𝑋1 = [ 𝑡 ] = 𝑡 [1] + 𝑠 [ 0 ]
𝑠 0 1
Corresponding to the eigenvalue 2, we get the following two linearly independent eigenvectors.
𝑋1 = [1 1 0]′ and 𝑋2 = [−1 0 1]′
for λ= 5,
−2 −1 1 𝑥1 0
[−1 −2 −1] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
1 −1 −2 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅1 /(−2)
1 −1 𝑥
1 1 0
[ 2 2 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
−1 −2 −1 𝑥
3 0
1 −1 −2
By 𝑅2 − (−1)𝑅1
1 −1
1
2 2 𝑥1 0
−3 −3 [𝑥2 ] = [0]
0
2 2 𝑥3 0
[1 −1 −2]
By 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 −1
1
2 2 𝑥
−3 −3 1 0
0 𝑥
[ 2 ] = [0]
2 2 𝑥3 0
−3 −3
[1 2 2]
−3
By 𝑅2 /( 2 )
1 −1
1
2 2 𝑥1 0
0 1 1 [𝑥2 ] = [0]
−3 −3 𝑥3 0
[ 1 ]
2 2
−3
By 𝑅3 − ( 2 )𝑅2
1 −1 𝑥
1 1 0
[ 2 2 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
0 1 1 𝑥
3 0
1 0 0
1
By 𝑅1 − (2)𝑅2
1 0 −1 𝑥1 0
[0 1 1 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
1 0 0 𝑥3 0
𝑥1 − 𝑥3 = 0
𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0
So, 𝑥1 = 𝑥3 ; 𝑥2 = −𝑥3 and 𝑥3 = 𝑥3
1
𝑋1 = [−1]
1
2 0 0 1 −1 1
Thus, A is diagonalised to [0 2 0] and the diagonalizing matrix is [1 0 −1]
0 0 5 0 1 1
(c) Ten school boys were given a test in statistics and their scores were recorded. They were given a
month special coaching and a second test was
given to them in the same subject at the end of the coaching period .Test at
5% level of significance, if the marks given below give evidence to the
fact that the students are benefited by coaching
Mark in 70 68 56 75 80 90 68 75 56 58
test I
Mark in 68 70 52 73 75 78 80 92 54 55
test II
Solution: (8M)
We first calculate the differences between marks in test I and marks in test II = X and from these we
calculate 𝑋̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 2
X -2 2 -4 -2 -5 -12 12 17 -2 -3
𝑑𝑖 = 𝑥𝑖 -4 0 -6 -4 -7 -14 10 15 -4 -5
−2
𝑑𝑖 2 16 0 36 16 49 196 100 225 16 25
= (𝑥𝑖
− 2)2
∑ 𝑑𝑖 −19
𝑋̅ = 𝑎 + = 2+ = 0.1
𝑛 10
∑(𝑑 ) 0.01 2
∑(𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅)2 = ∑ 𝑑𝑖 2 − 𝑖 = 679 − = 678.999
𝑛 10
∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅)2
=67.90
𝑛
The null hypothesis Ho µ=0

Alternative hypothesis Ha µ =/ 0
Since the sample size is small, we use students t-distribution
𝑋̅ −µ 0.1−0
t= 𝑠/√𝑛−1 = = 0.036
√67.90/√9
Level of significance : α=0.05

Critical valve :The value of tα at 5% level of significance for v=10-1=9 , degree of freedom=2.262
Decision : Since the calculated value of |𝑡| = 0.036 is less than the critical value of tα = 2.262, the
The students are not Benefitted by coaching.
Q6 (a) In the sample of 1000 cases, the mean of certain case is 14 and standard deviation is 2.5
Assuming the distribution to be normal. Find 1. How many students score between 12 and 15 2.how
many score above 18. (6M)
Solution:
𝑥1 −µ 12−14
1. 𝑧1 = = = −0.8
𝜎 2.5
𝑥1 −µ 15−14
𝑧1 = = = 0.4
𝜎 2.5
Area lying between -0.8 to 0.4 = Area between 0 to 0.8 + Area between 0 to 0.4
= 0.2881+0.1554
=0.4435
Required no. of students = 1000*0.4435 = 444 (approx.)
𝑥1 −µ 18−14
2. 𝑧1 = = = 1.6
𝜎 2.5
Area right to 1.6 = 0.5 – (Area between 0 to 1.6)

=0.5 -0.4452
=0.0548
Required no. of students = 1000*0.0548 = 55 (approx.)
(b)Evaluate by Stoke’s theorem ∫𝒄 (𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝒚𝟐 . 𝒅𝒚) where C is the square in the xy=plane with
(1,0),(0,1),(-1,0),(0,-1). (6M)
Solution:
By Stoke’s theorem ∫𝑐 𝐹. 𝑑𝑟 = ∬𝑐 𝑁.▽ 𝑋 𝐹. 𝑑𝑠
In the xy-plane 𝑟 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 0𝑘
𝑑𝑟 = 𝑑𝑥𝑖 + 𝑑𝑦𝑗
Hence, from 𝐹. 𝑑𝑟 = (𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 2 . 𝑑𝑦), we get
𝐹 = 𝑥𝑦 𝑖 + 𝑥𝑦 2 . 𝑗 + 0𝑘
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
▽ 𝑋 𝐹 = |𝛿/𝛿𝑥 𝛿/𝛿𝑦 𝛿/𝛿𝑧| = (0 − 0)𝑖 + (0 − 0)𝑗 + (𝑦 2 − 𝑥)𝑘
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 2 0
Further, 𝑁 = 𝑘 and ds=dx.dy
∬𝑐 𝑁.▽ 𝑋 𝐹. 𝑑𝑠 = ∬𝑆 𝑘. (𝑦 2 − 𝑥). 𝑘 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
= ∬𝑆 (𝑦 2 − 𝑥). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 where S is a square ABCD
= 4 ∬𝛥0𝐴𝐵(𝑦 2 − 𝑥). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦

𝑦−1 𝑥−0
The equation of the line AB is 1−0 = 0−1
1 𝑦=1−𝑥
∬𝛥0𝐴𝐵(𝑦 2 − 𝑥). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=0 (𝑦 2 − 𝑥). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
1 𝑦3
= ∫𝑥=0 [( − 𝑥𝑦|𝑦 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1 − 𝑥)] . 𝑑𝑥
3
1 (1−𝑥)3
= ∫0 − 𝑥(1 − 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥
3
1 𝑥4
= 3 (𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 3 − 4 |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
1 1
= 3 ∗ (1 − 3 + 2 − 4) = −1/12
1
∫ 𝐹. 𝑑𝑟 = ∬ 𝑁.▽ 𝑋 𝐹. 𝑑𝑠 = 4 ∗ (− ) = −1/3
𝑐 𝑐 12
(c) Solve the L.P.P. from its primal as well as from its dual
Minimise z=0.7x1+0.5x2
Subjected to x1≥4, x2≥6
x1+2x2≥20
2x1+ x2≥18
x1, x2≥0 (8M)
Solution:
Maximize z’= -z = -0.7x1-0.5x2- 0s1 -0s2 -0s3 -0s4 -MA1 -MA2 -MA3 -MA4 ………..(1)
Subjected to x1+0x2- s1 +0s2 +0s3 +0s4 +A1 +0A2 +0A3 +0A4=4……….….(2)
0x1+x2+s1 - s2 +0s3 +0s4 +0A1 +A2 +0A3 +0A4=6………….…(3)
x1+2x2 +0s1 +0s2 -s3 +0s4 +0A1 +0A2 +A3 +0A4=20…………(4)
2x1+x2- 0s1 +0s2 +0s3 -s4 +0A1 +0A2 +0A3 +A4=18………….(5)
Multiply (1),(2),(3) and (4) by M and to (1)
z’= (-0.7+4M)x1+(-0.5+M)x2- Ms1 -Ms2 -Ms3 -Ms4 -0A1 -0A2 -0A3 -0A4 -48M
z’+ (0.7-4M)x1+(0.5-M)x2+ Ms1 +Ms2 +Ms3 +Ms4 +0A1 +0A2 +0A3 +0A4 =-48M
Iteration Basic Coef ficie nts of R.H.S. Ratio

No. Variable x1 x2 s1 s2 s3 s4 A1 A2 A3 A4 Solution
0 z 0.7- 0.5- M M M M 0 0 0 0 -48M
4M 4M
A2 A1 1 0 -1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 -
leaves
x2 A2 0 1* 0 -1 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 6
enters
A3 1 2 0 0 -1 0 0 0 1 0 20 10
A4 2 1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 1 18 18
1 z 0.7- 0 M 0.5- M M 0 0 0 -3-24M
4M 3M
A2 A1 1* 0 -1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 4
leaves
x1enters x2 0 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 6 -
A3 1 0 0 2 -1 0 0 1 0 8 8
A4 2 0 0 1 0 -1 0 0 0 12 6
2 z 0 0 0.7- 0.5- M M 0 0 -5.8-8M

3M 3M
A3 x1 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 4 -
leaves
s2enters x2 0 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 6 -
A3 0 0 1 2* -1 0 1 0 4 2
A4 0 0 2 1 0 -1 0 0 4 4
3 z 0 0 0.45- 0 0.5/2- M 0 -6.8-2M

3/2M M/2
A4 x1 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 4 -
leaves
s1enters x2 0 1 ½ 0 -1/2 0 0 8 16
s2 0 0 ½ 1 -1/2 0 0 2 4
A4 0 0 3/2* 0 1/2 -1 0 2 4/3
4 z 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 -7.4

x1 1 0 0 0 1/3 -2/3 16/3
x2 0 1 0 0 -2/3 1/3 22/3
s2 0 0 0 1 -2/3 1/3 4/3
s1 0 0 1 0 1/3 -2/3 4/3
Q.P. 67663
(DEC 2019 SEM 4 MECHANICAL)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟏
Q1) (a) Find eigen values of A2 – 2A + I and adj A Where A =[𝟔 𝟑 −𝟓]. (5M)
𝟔 𝟐 −𝟐
Solution:
4 1 −1
A = [6 3 −5]
6 2 −2
4 1 −1 4 1 −1 4 1 −1 1 0 0
A2 – 2A + I = [6 3 −5] [6 3 −5] − 2 [6 3 −5] + [0 1 0]
6 2 −2 6 2 −2 6 2 −2 0 0 1
16 5 −7 8 2 −2 1 0 0
= [12 5 −11] − [12 6 −10] + [0 1 0]
24 8 −12 12 4 −4 0 0 1
9 3 −5
=[0 0 −1]
12 4 −7
|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
9−𝜆 3 −5
| 0 0−𝜆 −1 | = 0
12 4 −7 − 𝜆
(9 − 𝜆)[(−𝜆)(−7 − 𝜆) + 4] − 3 [12] − 5[12𝜆] = 0
−𝜆(𝜆2 − 2𝜆 + 1) = 0
−𝜆(𝜆 − 1)2 = 0
λ = 0, 1, 1
Hence the eigen values of 𝐴2 − 2𝐴 + 𝐼 are 0, 1 and 1.
(b) A random variable X has the following probability function.

X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X=x) 1/16 4k 6k 4k k
Find (i) k (ii) P (X < 4) (iii) P (X > 3) (iv) P (0 < X ≤ 2). (5M)
Solution:
(i)Since ∑ 𝑝(𝑥𝑖 ) = 1
1/16 + 4k + 6k + 4k + k = 1
1/16 + 15k = 1
15k = 1 – 1/16
k = 1 /16
Thus, we have the following probability distribution
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X=x) 1/16 4/16 6/16 4/16 1/16
(ii) P (X < 4) = P (X = 0, 1, 2, 3)
= P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2) + P (X = 3)
= 1/16 + 4/16 + 6/16 + 4/16
= 15/16.
(iii) P (X > 3) = P (X = 4)
= 1/16.
(iv) P (0 < X ≤ 2) = P (X = 1) + P (X = 2)
= 4/16 + 6/16
= 10/16.
(c)Can it be concluded that the average life span of an Indian is more than 71 years, if a random
sample of 900 Indians has an average life span 72.8 years with standard deviation of 7.2 years? (5M)
Solution:
Null Hypothesis Ho: µ = 70 years
Alternate Hypothesis Ha: µ ≠ 70 years
𝑋̅ − µ
Test statistic: 𝑍 = 𝜎/√𝑛
Since we are given standard deviation of the sample, we put

𝑋̅ = 71.8 , µ = 70, 𝜎 = 7.2, 𝑛 = 100
71.8−70
𝑍= = 2.5
7.2/√100

Critical value: the value of zα at 5% level of significance is 1.96
Decision: Since the computed value |𝑍| = 2.5 is greater than the critical value zα = 1.96, the null hypothesis
is rejected.
(d) Consider the following problem
Maximize Z = 2x1 - 2x2 + 4x3 - 5x4
Subjected to x1 + 4x2 - 2x3 + 8x4 = 2
-x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = 1
x1, x2, x3 ,x4 ≥ 0
Find a basic feasible solution which is non-degerate and optimal solution.
Solution:
No. of Non-basic Basic Equations and Is the Is the Value Is the
basic variables variables values of the solution solution Of solution
solutions =0 basic variables feasible? degenerate? z optimal?
1 x3=0 x1, x2 x1 + 4x2 = 2 Yes Yes - 1.5 No
x4=0 -x1 + 2x2 = 1
x1 = 0, x2 = 1/2
2 x2=0 x1, x3 x1 - 2x3 = 2 Yes No 28 Yes
x4=0 outgoing x2 -x1 + 3x3 = 1
incoming x1 x1 = 8, x3 = 3
3 x1=0 x2, x3 4x2 - 2x3 = 2 Yes Yes -1 No
x4=0 outgoing x1 2x2 + 3x3 = 1
incoming x2 x3 = 0, x2 = 1/2
4 x2=0 x1, x4 x1 + 8x4 = 2 Yes Yes -1.25 No
x3=0 outgoing x2 -x1 + 4x4 = 1
incoming x1 x1 = 0, x4 = ¼
5 x1=0 x2, x4 4x2 + 8x4 = 2 --- --- --- ---
x3=0 outgoing x1 2x2 + 4x4 = 1
incoming x2 Unbounded
6 x1=0 x3, x4 -2x3 + 8x4 = 2 Yes Yes -12.5 No
x2=0 outgoing x2 3x3 + x4 = 12
incoming x3 x3 = 0, x4 = 1/4
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟏
Q2(a) Check whether the given matrix A is diagonalizable, diagonalize if it is, where A = [𝟔 𝟑 −𝟓]
𝟔 𝟐 −𝟐
Solution: (6M)
|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
4−𝜆 1 −1
| 6 3−𝜆 −5 | = 0
6 2 −2 − 𝜆
−λ3 + 5λ2 − 8λ + 4 = 0
-(λ - 1) (λ2 – 4λ + 4) = 0
-(λ - 1) (λ - 2) (λ - 2) = 0
λ = 1, 2, 2.
When λ = 1,
3 1 −1 𝑥1 0
[6 𝑥
2 −5] [ 2 ] = [0]
6 2 −3 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅1 /3
1 1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[6 2 −5 ] [ 𝑥2 ] = [0]
6 2 −3 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅2 − 6𝑅1
1 1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[0 0 3 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
6 2 −3 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅3 − 6𝑅1
1 1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[0 0 𝑥
−3 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
0 0 −1 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅2 /−3
1 1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[0 0 𝑥
1 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
0 0 −1 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅3 − (−1)𝑅2
1 1/3 −1/3 𝑥1 0
[0 0 1 ] [ 𝑥2 ] = [0]
0 0 0 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅1 − (−1/3)𝑅2
1 1/3 0 𝑥1 0
[0 0 1] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
0 0 0 𝑥3 0
𝑥3 = 0
1
𝑥1 + (3) 𝑥2 = 0
Therefore,
1
𝑥1 = (− 3) 𝑥2
𝑥2 = 𝑥2
𝑥3 = 0
The rank of coefficient matrix is 2. The number of unknowns is 3. Hence, there are 3-2 = 1. Putting 𝑥2 = 𝑡
𝑡
then 𝑥1 = (− 3).
−𝑡/3 −1/3
𝑋1 = [ 𝑡 ] = 𝑡 [ 1 ]
0 0
Corresponding to λ = 1, we get the eigenvector 𝑋1 ′ = [−1/3 1 0]
There are three variables and the rank is 2, hence there is only one independent solution.
For λ = 1, algebraic multiplicity is 1 and geometric multiplicity is 1.
When λ = 2,
2 1 −1 𝑥1 0
[6 1 −5] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
6 2 −4 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅1 /2
1 1/2 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[6 1 −5 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
6 2 −4 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅2 − 6𝑅1
1 1/2 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[0 −2 𝑥
−2 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
6 2 −4 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅3 − 6𝑅1
1 1/2 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[0 −2 𝑥
−2 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
0 −1 −1 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅2 /−2
1 1/2 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[0 1 1 ] [ 𝑥2 ] = [0]
0 −1 −1 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅3 − (−1)𝑅2
1 1/2 −1/2 𝑥1 0
[0 1 1 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
0 0 0 𝑥3 0
By 𝑅1 − (−1/2)𝑅2
1 0 −1 𝑥1 0
[0 𝑥
1 1 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
0 0 0 𝑥3 0
𝑥1 − 𝑥3 = 0
𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0
Therefore,
𝑥1 = 𝑥3
𝑥2 = −𝑥3
𝑥3 = 𝑥3
The rank of coefficient matrix is 2. The number of unknowns is 3. Hence, there are 3-2 = 1. Putting 𝑥3 = 𝑡
𝑡 1
𝑋1 = [−𝑡] = 𝑡 [−1]
𝑡 1
There are three variables and the rank is 2, hence there is only one independent solution.
For λ = 2, algebraic multiplicity is 2 and geometric multiplicity is 1.
Hence the algebraic multiplicity and geometric multiplicity should be same.
Thus, the matrix is not diagonalized.
̅ = 𝒙𝟐 𝒊 − 𝒙𝒚𝒋 where C is the triangle having vertices A (0,3), B (3,0),

(b) Verify Green’s theorem for 𝑭
C (6,3). (6M)
Solution:
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
∫ 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∬ − . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
Here, P = 𝑥 2 ; Q= −𝑥𝑦
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
= −𝑦 ; =0
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
(a)Along AB, since the equation of AB is

𝑦−3 𝑥−0
=
3−0 0−3
𝑦 = 3−𝑥
Putting P = 𝑥 2 ; Q= −𝑥𝑦 = −𝑥(3 − 𝑥); 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑑𝑥
3 3
∫𝑐 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 [𝑥 2 + 𝑥(3 − 𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 3𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
= (3𝑥 2 /2|𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 3)
27
= 2
𝑦−0 𝑥−3
Along BC, since the equation of BC, 0−3 = 3−6 i.e., is y = x – 3
6 6
∫𝑐 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫3 (𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫3 3𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
= (3𝑥 2 /2|𝑥 = 3 𝑡𝑜 6)
81
= 4
Along CA, since the equation of CA is y = 3 ; dy = 0
0 0
∫𝑐 𝑃. 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫6 (𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫6 𝑥 2 . 𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥 3 /3|𝑥 = 6 𝑡𝑜 0)
= −54
(b)
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃 3 3+𝑦
∬𝑅 𝛿𝑥
− 𝛿𝑦 . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = ∫0 ∫3−𝑦 (−𝑦). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
3
= ∫0 (−𝑦. 𝑥|𝑦 = 3 − 𝑦 𝑡𝑜 3 + 𝑦) . 𝑑𝑥
3
= ∫0 𝑦[3 + 𝑦 − 3 + 𝑦] . 𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫0 𝑦 3 . 𝑑𝑥
𝑦4
= ( 4 |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 3)
81
= 4
From (a) and (b), the theorem is verified.
(c) Sample of two types of two types of electric bulbs were tested for length of life and the following
data were obtained
Type I Type II
Sample size 10 9
Mean of the sample (in hours) 1136 1034
Standard deviation 36 39
Test at 5% level of significance whether the difference in the sample means is significant. (8M)
Solution:
Null Hypothesis Ho: There is no relation between the electric bulbs and length of life.
Alternate Hypothesis Ha: There is a relation between these two.
To test the significant difference between two mean ̅̅̅and
𝑥1 𝑥2 of sample sizes n1 and n2 use the statistic
̅̅̅
(𝑥
̅̅̅1̅− ̅𝑥̅̅2̅)
t= 1 1
𝑠 √( )+( )
n1 n2
(𝑛1 𝑠1 2 +𝑛2 𝑠2 2 ) (8∗36∗36+7∗40∗40)

𝑠2 = =
𝑛1 +𝑛2 −2 8+7−2
𝑠 = 40.7
(1234−1036)
𝑡= 1 1
= 9.39
40.7∗ √ +
8 7
Calculated t value = 9.39

Tabulated Value = 1.77 (as 5% level of significance with 13 degrees of freedom)
9.39 > 1.77, reject Ho (Null Hypothesis)
Hence, there is no relation between the electric bulbs and length of life.
Q3 (a) Use the dual simplex method to solve the following LPP
Minimise Z = 6x1 + x2
Subject to 2x1 + x2 ≥ 3
x1 - x2 ≥ 0
x1, x2 ≥ 0. (6M)
Solution:
Minimise z = 6x1 + x2
Subject to -2x1 - x2 ≤ -3
-x1 + x2 ≤ 0
Introducing the slack variables s1, s2, we have
Minimise z = 6x1 + x2 - 0s1 - 0s2
i.e. z - 6x1 - x2 + 0s1 + 0s2
Subject to -2x1 - x2 + s1 + 0s2 = -3
-x1 + x2 + 0s1 + s2 = 0
Iteration Basic Coeficient Of R.H.S.

Number Variable x1 x2 s1 s2 Solution
0 z -6 -1 0 0 0
s1 leaves s1 -2 -1* 1 0 -3
x2 enters s2 -1 1 0 1 0
Ratio 3 1
1 z -4 0 -1 0 3
s2 leaves x2 2 1 -1 0 3
x1 leaves s2 -3* 0 1 1 -3
2 z 0 0 -7/3 4/3 7
x2 0 1 -1/3 2/3 1
x1 1 0 -1/3 -1/3 1
x1 = 1, x2 =1 and zmin = 7
(b) Use Gauss Divergence Theorem to evaluate ∬𝑺 𝑵 ̅. 𝑭

̅ . 𝒅𝒔 where 𝑭
̅ = 𝟐𝒙𝒊 + 𝟐𝒚𝒋 + 𝟐𝒛𝟐 𝒌 and S is the
closed surface bounded by the cone 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒛𝟐 and the plane z = 1. (6M)
Solution:
∬ 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑆̅ = ∭ ▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣
𝑆 𝑉
Now, 𝐹̅ = 2𝑥𝑖 + 2𝑦𝑗 + 2𝑧 2 𝑘
𝛿(2𝑥) 𝛿(2𝑦) 𝛿(2𝑧 2 )
▽.𝐹̅ = ( 𝛿𝑥 + + )
𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧
= 2 + 2 + 2z
= 4 + 2z
= 2 (2 + z)
∭▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣 = ∭ 2 (2 + z) . 𝑑𝑣 = ∭ 2 (2 + z) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧

𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
We shall obtain the volume integral by using cylinder co-ordinates x = r.cosθ, y = r.sinθ, z = z and
dx.dy.dz = r.dr.dθ.dz
𝑟 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 and by data 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑧 2
z = r, Hence, z varies from 0 to 1
2𝜋 1 1
∭ 2(2 + 𝑧) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 2(2 + 𝑧). 𝑟. 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑𝑧

𝑉 𝜃=0 𝑟=0 𝑧=𝑟
2𝜋 1 𝑧2
= 2 ∫0 ∫0 (2𝑟𝑧 + 𝑟 |𝑧 = 𝑟 𝑡𝑜 1) . 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
2
2𝜋 1 5𝑟 2 𝑟3
= 2 ∫0 ∫0 ( 2 − 2𝑟 − 2 ) . 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
2𝜋 5𝑟 2 2𝑟 3 𝑟4
= 2 ∫0 ( 4 − 3 + 8 |𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1) . 𝑑𝜃
2𝜋 5 2 1
= 2 ∫0 (4 − 3 + 8) . 𝑑𝜃
2𝜋 17
= 2 ∫0 . 𝑑𝜃
24
17
= (12 𝜃|𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 2𝜋)
17 17𝜋
= 12 ∗ 2𝜋 = 6
(c) Find the rank, index, signature and class of the following Quadratic form by reducing it to its
canonical form
𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒛𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝟖𝒚𝒛 + 𝟔𝒛𝒙 (8M)
Solution:
The quadratic form can be written as
The matrix form is
2 −1 3
A=[−1 2 −4]
3 −4 2
We write A=IAI
2 −1 3 1 0 0 1 0 0
[−1 2 −4] = [0 1 0] 𝐴 [0 1 0]
3 −4 2 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 3 1 3
By 𝑅2 + 2 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 − 2 𝑅1 , 𝐶2 + 2 𝐶1 , 𝐶3 − 2 𝐶1
2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1/2 −3/2
[ 0 −5/2 −5/2 ]=[ 1/2 1 0 ] 𝐴 [0 1 0 ]
0 −5/2 −5/2 −3/2 0 1 0 0 1
By 𝑅3 − 𝑅2 , 𝐶3 − 𝐶2
2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1/2 −2
[0 −5/2 0] = [1/2 1 0] 𝐴 [0 −1 −1]
0 0 0 −2 −1 1 0 0 1
1 2 1 2
By 𝑅1 , √5 𝑅2 , 𝐶, √ 𝐶2
√2 √2 1 5
1 0 0 1/√2 0 0 1/√2 1/√10 −2

[0 −1 0] = [1/√10 √2/5 0] 𝐴 [ 0 √2/5 −1]
0 0 0 −2 −1 1 0 0 1
The linear transform, X = PY

1 1
𝑥= 𝑢+ 𝑣 − 2𝑤
√2 √10
2
𝑦 = −√5 𝑢 − 𝑤
𝑧=𝑤
Transforms the given quadratic form u2 + v2

The rank = 2, Index = 1, Signature = 1
The form is positive semi-definite.
Q4 (a) Four dice were thrown 250 times and the number of appearance of 6 each time was noted
No. of 0 1 2 3 4
successes(x):
Frequency (f): 133 69 34 11 3
Fit a poison distribution and find the expected frequencies for x = 1, 2, 3, 4. (6M)
Solution:
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖
Now, mean = 𝑚 = ∑ 𝑓𝑖
133∗0 + 69∗1 + 34∗2 + 11∗3 + 3∗4

Mean = = 0.728
250
Poisson distribution of X is
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑋 𝑚𝑥 𝑒 −0.728 𝑋 0.728𝑥
P (X = x) = = =
𝑥! 𝑥!
Expected frequency = N x p(x)

𝑒 −0728 𝑋 0.728𝑥
= 250 𝑋 𝑥!
Putting x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 we get the expected frequencies as 133, 69, 34, 11, 3.

𝑚 0.728
f (x + 1) = 𝑥+1 . 𝑓(𝑥) = . 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥+1
0.728
Putting x = 0, f (1) = ∗ 69 = 50
0+1
0.728
Putting x = 1, f (2) = ∗ 34 = 12
1+1
0.728
Putting x = 2, f (3) = ∗ 11 = 3
2+1
0.728
Putting x = 3, f (4) = ∗3=1
3+1
(b) Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for matrix A and hence find the matrix represented by 𝑨𝟓 −
𝟒𝑨𝟒 − 𝟕𝑨𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏𝑨𝟐 − 𝑨 − 𝟏𝟏𝑰
𝟑 −𝟐 𝟑
Where A = [𝟏𝟎 −𝟑 𝟓]. (6M)
𝟓 −𝟒 𝟕
Solution:
The characteristic equation is
|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
3−𝜆 −2 3
| 10 −3 − 𝜆 5 |=0
5 −4 7−𝜆
-λ3 + 7λ2 - 16λ +12 = 0
By Cayley Hamilton theorem, this equation is satisfied by A
-A3 + 7A2 – 16A +12I = 0
3 −2 3 3 −2 3 4 −12 20
A2 = [10 −3 5] [10 −3 5] = [25 −31 50]
5 −4 7 5 −4 7 10 −26 44
4 −12 20 3 −2 3 −8 −52 92
A3 = [25 −31 50] [10 −3 5] = [ 15 −157 270]
10 −26 44 5 −4 7 −10 −118 208
−8 −52 92 4 −12 20 3 −2 3 1 0 0
-A3 + 7A2 – 16A +12I = - [ 15 −157 270] + 7 [25 −31 50] − 16 [10 −3 5] + 12 [0 1 0]
−10 −118 208 10 −26 44 5 −4 7 0 0 1
0 0 0
= [0 0 0]
0 0 0
(c) An investigation into the equality of standard deviation of two normal populations gave the
following results.
Sample Size Sample mean Sum of squares of deviations from
the mean
1 13 18 105
2 21 24 145
Examine the equality of sample variances at 5% level of significance.
(Given: F0.025 = 2.68 for d.o.f. 12 and 20 and F0.025 = 3.07 for d.o.f. 20 and 12) (8M)
Solution:
𝑛 𝑠 2 /(𝑛 −1)
Calculations of Test Statistic: F=𝑛1 𝑠1 2/(𝑛1 −1)
2 2 2
But 𝑛1 𝑠1 2 = ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 and 𝑛2 𝑠2 2 = ∑(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅)2
105/12 8.75
F=145/20 = 7.25 = 1.207

F(12,20)(0.025)=2.68
F(20,12)(0.025)=3.07
1 1
= 3.07 = 0.326
F(20,12)(0.025)
𝟐 𝟎 𝟎
Q5 (a) Is matrix A = [−𝟑 𝟑 −𝟏] Derogatory matrix? Find its minimal polynomial. (6M)
𝟑 −𝟏 𝟑
Solution:
|𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
2−𝜆 0 0
| −3 3−𝜆 −1 | = 0
3 −1 3−𝜆
(2 − 𝜆)[(3 − 𝜆)(3 − 𝜆) − 1] = 0
−(2 − 𝜆)(𝜆2 − 6𝜆 + 8) = 0
−(2 − 𝜆)(2 − 𝜆)(4 − 𝜆) = 0
λ = 2, 2, 4.
Let us find the minimal polynomial of Awe know that each characteristic root of A is also a root of the
minimal polynomial of A. So if f(x) is the minimal polynomial of A, then x – 2 and x – 4 are the factors of
f(x). Let us see whether (x - 2)(x - 4) = x2 - 6x + 8 annihilates of A.
Now, A2 – 6A + 8I
2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0
= [−3 3 −1] [−3 3 −1] − 6 [−3 3 −1] + 8 [0 1 0]
3 −1 3 3 −1 3 3 −1 3 0 0 1
4 −18 18 2 0 0 1 0 0
= [0 10 −6] − 6 [−3 3 −1] + 8 [0 1 0]
0 −6 10 3 −1 3 0 0 1
0 0 0
= [0 0 0]
0 0 0
f(x) = x2 - 6x + 8 annihilates A.
Thus, f(x) is the monic polynomial of the lowest degree that annihilates A.
Hence, f(x) is the minimal polynomial of A. Since the degree of f(x) is less than the order of A. A is
derogatory.
̅ is given by
(b) A vector field 𝑭
̅ = (𝒚 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝒊 + (𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒛 + 𝟐𝒚𝒛)𝒋 + (𝒙𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒛 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒌
𝑭
̅ is irrotational. Hence find its scalar potential function ϕ and ϕ (π,1,0).
Prove that 𝑭 (6M)
Solution:
We have,
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
Curl 𝐹̅ = | 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧
|
2
𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 + 𝑦
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
= 𝑖( (𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 + 𝑦 2 ) − (𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧)) − 𝑗 ( (𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 + 𝑦 2 ) − (𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥))
𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
𝛿 𝛿
+𝑘( (𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧) − (𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥))
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
= [𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 + 2𝑦 − 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 − 2𝑦]𝑖 + [𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 − 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧]𝑗 + [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥]𝑘

= 0𝑖 + 0𝑗 + 0𝑘
Hence, 𝐹̅ is irrotational.
If ϕ is the scalar potential then 𝐹̅ =▽ 𝜙
(𝑦 sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑖 + (𝑥 sin 𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧)𝑗 + (𝑥𝑦 cos 𝑧 + 𝑦 2 )𝑘 = 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝛿𝜙
= (𝑦 sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)…………………………..(i)
𝛿𝑥
𝛿𝜙
= (𝑥 sin 𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧)…………………………….(ii)
𝛿𝑦
𝛿𝜙
= (𝑥𝑦 cos 𝑧 + 𝑦 2 )…………………………….(iii)
𝛿𝑧
But, dϕ = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝛿𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑧
= (𝑦 sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 sin 𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥𝑦 cos 𝑧 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑧

= [𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 𝑑𝑧] + (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑧)
By integration, 𝜙 = 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑐 where c is the constant of integration.
Hence putting x = π, y = 1 and z = 0
Now, ϕ (π,1,0) = 𝜋 ∗ 1 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 + (1)2 ∗ 0 + 𝑐
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 + 𝑐
(c) The following table gives the result of opinion pole for three vehicles A, B, C. Test whether the age
and the choice of the vehicle are independent at 5% level of significance using chi – test.
Age Vehicle Total
A B C
20-35 25 40 35 100
35-50 35 24 41 100
Above 50 40 36 24 100
Total 100 100 100 300
Solution: (8M)
Null Hypothesis Ho: There is no relation between the age and choice of vehicle.
Alternate Hypothesis Ha: There is a relation between these two.
𝐴𝑋𝐵
On the basis on this hypothesis the number in the first cell = 𝑁
where, A = total in the first column

B = total in the first row,
N = total number of observations
100 𝑋 100
The number in the first cell of the first row = = 33.33
300
100 𝑋 100
Similarly, The number in the second cell of the first row = = 33.33
300
100 𝑋 100
The number in the first cell of the second row = = 33.33
300
Since the total remain the same, the numbers in the remaining cells are 33.33
Thus, we get the following table
Age Vehicle Total
A B C
20-35 33.33 33.33 33.33 100
35-50 33.33 33.33 33.33 100
Above 50 33.33 33.33 33.33 100
Total 100 100 100 300
Calculation of (O - E)2/E
O E O-E (O - E)2 (O - E)2/E
25 33.33 -8.33 69.39 2.082
35 33.33 1.67 2.79 0.083
40 33.33 6.67 44.49 1.335
40 33.33 6.67 44.49 1.335
24 33.33 -9.33 87.05 2.612
36 33.33 3.33 11.09 0.333
35 33.33 2.33 5.43 0.163
41 33.33 7.67 58.43 1.753
24 33.33 -9.33 87.05 2.612
Total 𝑥 2 = 12.308
Degree of freedom: (r - 1)(c - 1) = (3 - 1)(3 - 1) = 4
Critical Value: For 4 degree of freedom at 5% level of significance, the table value of 𝑥 2 = 9.488
Decision: Since the calculated value 𝑥 2 = 12.308 is more than the table value 𝑥 2 = 9.488, the hypothesis
is not accepted.
There is a relation between the age and the choice of the vehicle.
Q6 (a) State stokes theorem and evaluate ∫[(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒊 + (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝒋]. 𝒅𝒓̅ where C is the square in the
xy – plane with vertices (1,0), (0,1), (-1,0) and (0,-1). (6M)
Solution:

̅.▽. 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑠
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
| = (0 − 0)𝑖 − (0 − 0)𝑗 + (2𝑥 − 2𝑦)𝑘
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 0
= (2x – 2y)k
̅ .▽. 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑠 = (2𝑥 − 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦
𝑁
∬𝑐 𝑁.▽ 𝑋 𝐹. 𝑑𝑠 = ∬𝑐 (2𝑥 − 2𝑦). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 where C is the square ABCD
= 4 ∬𝛥𝑂𝐴𝐵(2𝑥 − 2𝑦). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦

𝑦−1 𝑥−0
The equation of the line AB is 1−0 = 0−1 i.e. 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥
1 1−𝑥 1 𝑦2
∫0 ∫𝑦=0 (2𝑥 − 2𝑦) . 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 (2𝑥𝑦 − 2 ∗ 2
|𝑦 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1 − 𝑥).dx
1 (1−𝑥)2
= ∫0 2𝑥(1 − 𝑥) − 2 ∗ .dx
2
1 (1−2𝑥+𝑥 2 )
= ∫0 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 2 ∗ . 𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫0 −3𝑥 2 − 1 . dx
3𝑥 3
= (− − 𝑥|𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 1)
3
= −2
(b) Monthly salary X is an organisation is normally distributed with mean Rs. 3000 and standard
deviation of Rs 250. What should be the normally minimum salary of an employee in this organisation
so that the probability that an employee to top 5% employees? (6M)
Solution:
Mean(m) = 3000
Standard deviation (σ) = 250
Let X denote monthly salary of a worker.
Let X1 be the minimum salary of the top 5% workers.
Let z1 be the corresponding pnv.
P (X > X1) = 5
P (Z > Z1)=0.05
∴Area between z = 0 to z = 5
= 0.5 - 0.05 = 0.45
From table
z1 = 1.645
𝑋1 −𝑚
= 1.645
𝜎
𝑋1 −3000
= 1.645
250
𝑋1 = 3411.25
Hence the minimum salary of the top 5% workers = Rs 3411.25
(c) Using duality solve the following LPP

Maximize Z = 3x1 + 2x2
Subject to 2x1 + x2 ≤ 5
x1 + x2 ≤ 3
x1, x2 ≥ 0. (8M)
Solution:
The dual of the given problem is
Minimize w = 5y1 + 3y2
Subject to 2y1 + y2 ≥ 5
y1 + y2 ≥ 3
y1, y2 ≥ 0.
Introducing the slack and artificial variables, the problem becomes
Minimize w’ = -w = – 5y1 – 3y2
i.e. w’ = – 5y1 – 3y2 – 0s1 – 0s2– MA1 – MA2………………(i)
subject to 2y1 + y2 – s1 – 0s2 + A1 – 0A2 = 5………………………….(ii)
y1 + y2 – 0s1 – s2– 0A1 + A2 = 3…………………………..(iii)
Multiply (ii) and (iii) by M and add to (i)
w’ = – 5y1 – 3y2 + 3My1 – 2My2 – Ms1 – Ms2– 0A1 – 0A2 – 5M
w’ + (5 – 3M)y1 + (3 – 2M)y2 + Ms1 + Ms2 + 0A1 + 0A2 = – 5M
Iteration Basic Coeff icient of R.H.S. Ratio0
Number Var. y1 y2 s1 s2 A1 A2 solution
0 w’ 5-3M 3-2M M M 0 0 -5M
A1leaves A1 2* 1 -1 0 1 0 3 3/2
y1 enter A2 1 1 0 -1 0 1 2 2
1 w’ 0 (1-M)/2 (5-M)/2 M (3M- 0 -

5)/2 (15+M/)2
A2leaves y1 1 1/2 -1/2 0 1/2 0 3/2 3
y2 enter A2 0 ½* 1/2 -1 -1/2 1 1/2 1
2 w’ 0 0 2 1 M-2 M-1 -8
y1 1 0 -1 1 1 -1 1
y2 0 1 1 -2 -1 1 1
Since, s1 = 2 , s2 = 1 and w’max = -8, therefore w’min = 8
x1 = 2 , x2 = 1 and zmax = -8.

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Q.P.

Variance = E(𝑥 2 ) − [𝐸(𝑥)]2

(iii) Level of significance: α =0.05

(d) Write the dual of the given LPP:

Since x2 is unrestricted, we put x2 = x2’ - x2”

Maximise w= 2y1 + 3y2 - 5y3

̅ = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚)𝒊 + (𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙)𝒋 where C is the boundary of region

Along C1, y = x2 and dy = 2x. dx

Along C2, y = 4 and dy = 0

Along C3, x = 0 and dx = 0

Null Hypothesis Ho: µ1 = µ2

Level of significance: α = 0.05

Q3) (a) Use Big-M method to solve

Iteration Basic Coefficient Of R.H.S. Ratio

x1 = 0 x2 = 3/2 z’= -9/2 z = 9/2

(b) Using Gauss Divergence Theorem, evaluate ∬𝑺 𝑵 ̅. 𝑭

Now, 𝐹̅ = 2𝑥𝑖 + 𝑥𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘

∭▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣 = ∭(3 + 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑣 = ∭(3 + 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧

∭(3 + 𝑥) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ ∫(3 + 𝑥). 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧

Cayley Hamilton Theorem states this equation is satisfied by A

Now multiply the equation by A-1,

∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 ∑(𝑦 − 𝑦̅)2

∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 = 1134 , ∑(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅)2 = 386

Calculation of test statistic

But 𝑛1 𝑠1 2 = ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 and 𝑛2 𝑠2 2 = ∑(𝑦𝑖 −

Level of significance: α = 0.05

= 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑦 + (2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 cos 𝑦𝑧)𝑑𝑧

By Stokes theorem ∫𝑐 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑟̅ = ∬𝑠 𝑁

Unit normal to the plane ΔABC

By cosine rule, 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2ac cos 𝜃

40 = 45 + 13 − 2 ∗ √45 ∗ √13 cos 𝜃

Ratio 2/3 0 0 1/3 0

(b) Determine all basic solutions to the following problem

= (6𝑦𝑧 2 − 6𝑦𝑧 2 )𝑖 + (1 − 1)𝑗 + (2𝑥 − 2𝑥)𝑘

= (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 +2𝑦𝑧 3 )𝑑𝑦 + (3𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑧

Since we are given standard deviation of the sample, we put

Level of significance: α = 0.05

Along, y=x2 and dy=2x.dx and x varies from (0,1)

Q3 (a) Use Stoke’s theorem evaluate ∫ 𝑭 ̅ . 𝒅𝒓̅ . 𝑭

By Stokes theorem ∫𝑐 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑟̅ = ∬𝑠 𝑁

Unit normal to the plane ΔABC

̅ .▽. 𝐹̅ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑖+𝑗+𝑘 . (2𝑦𝑖 − 2𝑥𝑗 − 𝑘)√3. 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 1). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦

Level of significance α=0.05

Degree of freedom v1 = n1 – 1 = 8 for the numerator

Critical Value: The table value

Putting this value of σ in (i), we get

Introducing the slack variables s1, s2, we have

Where, A = number of inoculated

This is the frequency in the first cell.

(iii) Level of significance : α=0.05

∭▽. 𝐹̅ . 𝑑𝑖𝑣 = ∭(2𝑥 + 𝑦) . 𝑑𝑣 = ∭ (2x + y) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧

∭(2𝑥 + 𝑦) . 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ ∫ ∫(2𝑥 + 𝑦). 𝑑𝑥. 𝑑𝑦. 𝑑𝑧

n1=9 and n2=7(<30 , so it is small sample)

Step 4 : Test Statistic

(4/2) k + (8k – 4k) + (36k – 24k) = 1

= (3*3)/(18*2) + (3/9) – (1*1)/(18*2)-(1/9)

Test statistic : Zcal = 𝑥̅ −µ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅−42000 = 1.125

Iteration Basic Coefficient of R.H.S. Ratio

x1=3/5 x2=6/5 z’max= -12/5 zmin=12/5

= (33)/(182) + (3/9) – (11)/(182)-(1/9)