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    Fundamentals of Nursing: Stress and Adaptation

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    FEVIE ANNE BANATAO
    This document discusses stress and adaptation in nursing. It covers physiologic and psychological homeostasis and how the body responds to stress through the general adaptation syndrome stages of alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. It also discusses emotional responses to stress, coping mechanisms, defense mechanisms, factors affecting stress adaptation, categories of stressors, managing stress, and evaluating plans of care for patients experiencing stress.

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    Fundamentals of Nursing: Stress and Adaptation

    Uploaded by

    FEVIE ANNE BANATAO
    229 views22 pages
    This document discusses stress and adaptation in nursing. It covers physiologic and psychological homeostasis and how the body responds to stress through the general adaptation syndrome stages of alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. It also discusses emotional responses to stress, coping mechanisms, defense mechanisms, factors affecting stress adaptation, categories of stressors, managing stress, and evaluating plans of care for patients experiencing stress.

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    Fundamentals in Nursing

    Original Title

    Stress Adaptation

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    This document discusses stress and adaptation in nursing. It covers physiologic and psychological homeostasis and how the body responds to stress through the general adaptation syndrome stages of alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. It also discusses emotional responses to stress, coping mechanisms, defense mechanisms, factors affecting stress adaptation, categories of stressors, managing stress, and evaluating plans of care for patients experiencing stress.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    229 views22 pages

    Fundamentals of Nursing: Stress and Adaptation

    Uploaded by

    FEVIE ANNE BANATAO
    This document discusses stress and adaptation in nursing. It covers physiologic and psychological homeostasis and how the body responds to stress through the general adaptation syndrome stages of alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. It also discusses emotional responses to stress, coping mechanisms, defense mechanisms, factors affecting stress adaptation, categories of stressors, managing stress, and evaluating plans of care for patients experiencing stress.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    FUNDAMENTALS

    OF NURSING

    Stress and
    Adaptation
    1
    Physiologic Homeostasis
    Local Adaptation System (LAS) — involves only one
    specific body part
    Reflex pain response
    Inflammatory response
    General Adaptation Syndrome — biochemical
    model of stress (Hans Selye)
    Alarm reaction
    Resistance
    Exhaustion
    2
    Alarm Reaction
    Person perceives stressor, defense
    mechanisms activated
    Fight-or-flight response
    Hormone levels rise, body prepares to react
    Shock and counter-shock phases

    3
    Resistance
    Body attempts to adapt to stressor.
    Vital signs, hormone levels, and energy
    production return to normal.
    Body regains homeostasis or adaptive
    mechanisms fail.

    4
    Exhaustion
    Results when adaptive mechanisms are
    exhausted
    Body either rests and mobilizes it’s defenses
    to return to normal or dies

    5
    Psychological Homeostasis
    Love and belong needs
    Safety and security needs
    Self-esteem needs

    6
    Emotional Responses to Stress
    Depression
    Anger
    Anxiety (most common)
    Mild
    Moderate
    Severe
    Panic

    7
    Coping Mechanisms
    Crying, laughing, sleeping, cursing
    Physical activity, exercise
    Smoking, drinking
    Lack of eye contact, withdrawal
    Limiting relationships to those with similar
    values and interests

    8
    Task-Oriented Reactions to Stress
    Attack behavior
    Withdrawal behavior
    Compromise behavior

    9
    Defense Mechanisms
    Compensation
    Denial
    Displacement
    Introjection
    Projection
    Rationalization

    10
    Defense Mechanisms (continued)
    Reaction formation
    Regression
    Repression
    Sublimation
    Undoing

    11
    Adaptation to Acute and Chronic
    Illness
    General tasks — e.g., maintaining self-
    esteem and personal relationships
    Illness related tasks — e.g., handling pain
    and disability

    12
    Effects of Long-Term Stress
    Affects physical status
    Increases risk for disease or injury
    Compromises recovery and return to normal
    function
    Is associated with specific diseases

    13
    Family Stressors
    Changes in family structure and roles
    Anger and feelings of helplessness and guilt
    Loss of control over normal routines
    Concern for future financial stability

    14
    Factors Affecting Stress and
    Adaptation
    Sources of stress
    Types of stressors experienced
    Personal factors

    15
    Categories of Stress
    Developmental stress
    Occurs when person progresses through stages
    of growth and development
    Situational stress
    Does not occur in predictable patterns

    16
    Types of Stressors
    Physiological
    Chemical agents, physical agents, infectious
    agents, nutritional imbalances, hypoxia, genetic
    or immune disorders
    Psychosocial
    Includes real and perceived threats

    17
    Stressful Activities in Nursing
    Profession
    Assuming responsibilities for which not
    prepared
    Working with unqualified personnel
    Working in environment in which supervisors
    are not supportive
    Caring for patient in cardiac arrest or dying
    person
    Experiencing conflict with peers
    18
    Teaching Healthy ADLs
    Exercise
    Rest and sleep
    Nutrition
    Use of support systems
    Use of stress management techniques

    19
    Stress Management Techniques
    Relaxation
    Meditation
    Anticipatory guidance
    Guided imagery
    Biofeedback
    Crisis intervention

    20
    Crisis Intervention
    Identify the problem
    List alternatives
    Choose from alternatives
    Implement the plan
    Evaluate the outcome

    21
    Evaluating the Plan of Care
    Patient verbalizes causes and effects of stress and
    anxiety.
    Patient identifies and uses sources of support.
    Patient uses problem solving to find solution to
    stressors.
    Patient practices healthy lifestyle habits and
    anxiety-reducing techniques.
    Patient verbalizes decrease in anxiety and increase
    in comfort.

    22

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