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Chapter 3 Part 2 PDF

The document describes three types of single-sideband (SSB) receivers: noncoherent SSB BFO receivers, coherent SSB BFO receivers, and SSB envelope detection receivers. Noncoherent receivers have unsynchronized local oscillators that can cause frequency offset errors. Coherent receivers synchronize the local oscillators to eliminate offset errors. Envelope detection receivers regenerate the carrier signal and use it to demodulate the envelope and recover the original information signal. SSB and frequency-division multiplexing are also discussed, where multiple narrowband channels are combined into a single wideband channel without interference using SSB and filters that separate the channels into different frequency bands.

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Khairil Azwan Tugiman
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72 views

Chapter 3 Part 2 PDF

The document describes three types of single-sideband (SSB) receivers: noncoherent SSB BFO receivers, coherent SSB BFO receivers, and SSB envelope detection receivers. Noncoherent receivers have unsynchronized local oscillators that can cause frequency offset errors. Coherent receivers synchronize the local oscillators to eliminate offset errors. Envelope detection receivers regenerate the carrier signal and use it to demodulate the envelope and recover the original information signal. SSB and frequency-division multiplexing are also discussed, where multiple narrowband channels are combined into a single wideband channel without interference using SSB and filters that separate the channels into different frequency bands.

Uploaded by

Khairil Azwan Tugiman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3: Single-Sideband (SSB) Communication Systems 51

3.5 SSB Receivers

3.5.1 SSB BFO Receiver

Figure 3.12 shows the block diagram for a simple noncoherent SSB BFO receiver:

Figure 3.12: Noncoherent SSB BFO receiver

• In a receiver, the input signal (suppressed or reduced carrier and one sideband) is
amplified and then mixed with the RF local oscillator frequency to produce
intermediate frequency
• The output from the RF mixer is then goes through further amplification and band
reduction prior to second mixer.
• The output from the IF amplifier stage is then mixed (heterodyned) with beat
frequency oscillator (BFO) frequency

The BFO frequency is equal to IF carrier frequency. Thus, the difference between
the IF and the BFO frequencies is the information signal

I.e. the output from the IF mixer is the sum and difference frequencies between
the IF and the beat frequency. The difference frequency band is the original input
information

• The receiver is noncoherent because the RF oscillator and BFO signals are not
synchronized to each other and to the oscillators in the transmitter

Consequently, any difference between the transmit and receive local oscillator
frequencies produces a frequency offset error in the demodulated information
signal

• The RF mixer and IF mixer are product detectors. A product detector and
balanced (product) modulator are essentially the same circuit

BENT 3753: Communication Principles


Chapter 3: Single-Sideband (SSB) Communication Systems 52

3.5.2 Coherent SSB BFO receiver

The block diagram for a coherent SSB BFO receiver is shown below:

Figure 3.13: Coherent SSB BFO receiver

This receiver is identical to the previous BFO receiver except that the LO and BFO
frequencies are synchronized to the carrier oscillators in the transmitter

• The carrier recovery circuit is a narrowband PLL that tracks the pilot carrier in the
SSBRC signal
• This recovered carrier is then used to generate coherent local oscillator
frequencies (RF local oscillator frequency and BFO frequency) in the synthesizer
• Any minor changes in the carrier frequency in the transmitter are compensated for
in the receiver, and the frequency offset error is eliminated

(Refer examples 6.2 and 6.3 in the textbook for further explanations)

3.5.3 SSB Envelope Detection Receiver

Figure 3.14 shows a SSB receiver that uses synchronous carriers and envelope detection
to demodulate the received signals:

• As before, the reduced carrier pilot is detected, separated from the demodulated
spectrum and regenerated in the carrier recovery circuit
• This regenerated carrier is used in the frequency synthesizer to supply the receiver
with frequency coherent local oscillators
• The received RF signal is mixed down to IF in the first detector (RF mixer)
• A regenerated IF carrier is then added to the IF spectrum in the linear summer,
producing a SSBFC envelope
• The envelope is then demodulated using a conventional peak diode detector to
produce the original information signal

BENT 3753: Communication Principles


Chapter 3: Single-Sideband (SSB) Communication Systems 53

Figure 3.14: SSB envelope detection receiver

3.6 SSB and Frequency-Division Multiplexing

The most common application of SSB (especially SSBSC) is frequency-division


multiplexing (FDM) due to the bandwidth and power efficiencies of SSB system

Frequency-division multiplexing is an analog method of combining two or more analog


sources that originally occupied the same frequency band in such a manner that the
channels do not interfere with each other

Figure 3.15 shows a simple FDM system where four 5-kHz channels are frequency-
division multiplexed into a single 20-kHz channel

Figure 3.15: SSBSC FDM system

BENT 3753: Communication Principles


Chapter 3: Single-Sideband (SSB) Communication Systems 54

• Channel 1 signals modulate a 100 kHz carrier in a balanced modulator. The


output is a DSBSC with a bandwidth of 10 kHz
• The DSBSC wave then passed through BPF producing a SSBSC signal occupying
the frequency band between 100 kHz and 105 kHz
• Channel 2 signals modulate a 105 kHz carrier producing a DSBSC wave that is
converted to SSBSC by passing it through a BPF
• The output from the BPF occupies the frequency band between 105 kHz and 110
kHz
• Similar process is used to convert channel 3 and channel 4 signals to the
frequency bands 110 kHz to 115 kHz and 115 kHz to 120 kHz, respectively
• The combined frequency spectrum produced by combining the outputs from four
filters is shown below:

Figure 3.16: Output frequency spectrum

• The total combined bandwidth is equal to 20 kHz and each channel occupies a
different 5 kHz portion of the total 20 kHz bandwidth
• FDM is used extensively to combine many relatively narrowband channels into a
single, composite wideband channel without the channels interfering with each
other, such as in public telephone systems

BENT 3753: Communication Principles

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