SHM & Elasticity

Single Correct

1. If the ratio of lengths, radii and Young’s modulus of steel and brass wires
shown in the figure are a, b and c, respectively. The ratio between the
increase in length of steel and brass wires would be 2kg Brass
b2a bc
(A) (B)
2c 2a 2
ba 2 a Steel
(C) (D) 2kg
2c 2b 2c
2. A cylindrical piston of mass M slides smoothly inside a h
M
long cylinder closed at one end, enclosing a certain mass
P A
of a gas. The cylinder is kept with its axis horizontal.
If the piston is slightly compressed isothermally from its equilibrium position, it oscillates simple harmonically,
the period of oscillation will be
Mh MA
(A) T = 2 (B) T = 2
PA Ph
M
(C) T = 2 (D) T = 2 MPhA
PAh

3. A particle of mass m is executing oscillations about the origin on the x-axis. Its potential energy is
U  x   k x , where k is a positive constant. If the amplitude of oscillation is a, then its time period T is
3

1
(A) proportional to (B) independent of a (C) proportional to a (D) proportional to a 3/2
a

4. One end of a long metallic wire of length L is tied to the ceiling. The other end is tied to massless spring of
spring constant k. A mass m hangs freely from the free end of the spring. The area of cross-section and
Young’s modulus of the wire are A and Y respectively. If the mass is slightly pulled down and released, it will
oscillate with a time period T equal to
 YA  kL  m 
1/2
m mYA mL
(A) 2   (B) 2   (C) 2 (D) 2
k  YAk  kL YA

5. A pendulum is hanging from a peg inserted in a vertical wall. Its bob is stretched in horizontal position from the
2
wall and is left free to move. The bob hits on the wall the coefficient of resitutiton is . After how many
5
collisions the amplitude of vibration will become less than 600
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 4

6. A block of mass M is connected to a spring of force constant k

and is placed on a smooth horizontal surface. The block is
displaces and compresses the spring by a. The block is left free k
to move from this position, when the block is at a distance a/2 M M
form the mean position it collides elastically with an identical
block. Time the oscillating block takes to reach from extreme to Mean
the mean position is a/2 a/2 position

M M 5 M
(A) 2 (B)  (C) (D) None
k k 6 k

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7. Time period of small oscillations of a uniform hemispherical shell of
radius R and mass m is
2 5R 2 5R
(A) 2 (B) 2
3g g
5R 5R
(C) 2 (D) 2
2g 3g

8. A particle slides back and forth between two inclined frictionless planes
joined smoothly at the bottom. The time period of the motion
2h 1 2h h
(A) (B)
g sin  g  
32h 4 2h
(C) sin  (D)
g sin  g

9. Consider the following statements:

A body vibrating due to forced oscillation is acted upon by
1. a restoring force which is direct proportional to its displacement
2. a retarding force which is direct proportional to its velocity
3. an external periodic force of constant amplitude and frequency of these statements
(A) 1 and 2 are correct (B) 2 and 3 are correct
(C) 1 and 3 are correct (D) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

10. The displacement of a body in a one-dimensional motion is represented by the equation:

x  t   3sin  t  4 cos  t .
Which one of the following is the correct statement:
(A) This equation represents SHM of amplitude 5 units and frequency 1 unit
(B) This equation represents SHM of amplitude 5 units and frequency 2 units
(C) This equation represents SHM of amplitude 5 units and frequency 1/2 units
(D) This equation does not represent SHM
Multi Correct

11. A metal wire of length L, area of cross-section A and Young’s modulus Y is stretched by a variable force F
such that F is always slightly greater than the elastic forces of resistance in the wire. When the elongation of
the wire is l
YAl 2
(A) the work done by F is
L
YAl 2
(B) the work done by F is
2L
YAl 2
(C) the elastic potential energy stored in the wire is
2L
(D) heat is produced during the elongation.

12. A metal wire of length L is suspended vertically from a rigid support. When a body of mass M is attached to the
lower end of wire, the elongation of the wire is l .
(A) The loss in gravitational potential energy of mass M is Mgl
(B) The elastic potential energy stored in the wire is Mgl
1
(C) The elastic potential stored in the wire is Mgl
2
1
(D) Heat produced is Mgl
2

13. A metallic wire of length l is held between two rigid supports. If the wire is cooled through a temperature t. (T =
Young’s modulus of elasticity of wire,   density,   thermal coefficient of linear expansion). Then, the
frequency of oscillation is proportional to
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 1 
(A) (B) Y (C) (D) t
l 

14. Four rods, A, B, C and D of the same length and material but of different radii r , r 2, r 3 and 2r
respectively are held between two rigid walls. The temperature of all rods is increased through the same range.
If the rods do not bend, then
(A) the stress in the rods A, B, C and D are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4
(B) the forces on them exerted by the wall are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4
(C) the energy stored in the rods due to elasticity are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4
(D) the strains produced in the rods are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4

15. When a wire is stretched to double its length

(A) strain is unity
(B) stress is equal to Young’s modulus of elasticity
(C) its radius is halved
(D) Young’s modulus is equal to twice the elastic potential energy per unit volume.

16. A body of mass m is attached to a spring of spring constant k which hangs from the ceiling of an elevator at
rest in equilibrium. Now the elevator starts accelerating upwards with its acceleration varying with time as
a  pt  q, where p and q are positive constants. In the frame of elevator
(A) the block will perform SHM for all value of p and q
(B) the block will not performs SHM in general for all value of p and q expect p = 0
(C) the block will perform SHM provided for all value of p and q expect p = 0
(D) the velocity of the block will vary simple harmonically for all value of p and q.

17. A particle is suspended by two ideal strings as shown in the figure. Now 7l
mass m is given a small displacement perpendicular to the plane of
triangle formed. Choose the correct statement(s).
3 3l
(A) The period of oscillation of the system is 2 5l
3 2l
g
3l
(B) The period of oscillation of the system is 2 M
g
(C) The period of oscillation of the system is independent of M
(D) If the distance between the suspension points was kept constant
and the length of the strings were quadrupled then the period of the
system will be double

18. For a body executing SHM with amplitudes A, time period T, max velocity vmax and phase constant zero, which
of the following statements are correct?
 A  A
(A) At y    , v   vmax / 2  (B) v   vmax / 2  for y   
2 2
T   A  A T 
(C) For t    , Y    (D) y   ,t   
8 2 2 8

Matrix Match Type

19. A copper wire Y  10 11

N / m 2  of length 8 m and steel wire Y  2 1011 N / m 2  of length 4 m each of 0.5
cm2 cross-section are fastened end to end and stretched with a tension of 500 N.

Column – I Column – II
(A) Elongation in copper wire in mm (P) 0.25
(B) Elongation is steel wire in mm (Q) 1.0
(C) Total elongation in mm (R) 0.8
(D) Total energy stored in the wire in J (S) 1
th the elongation in copper wire
4

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20. Match the following

Column – I Column – II
(A) The object moves on the x-axis under a (P) The object executes a simple harmonic motion.
conservative force in such a way that its
“speed” and position” satisfy
v  c1 c2  x 2 where c1 and c2 are
positive constants.
(B) The object moves on the x-axis in such a (Q) The object does not change its direction.
way that its velocity and its displacement
from the origin satisfy v   kx, where k
is a positive constant.
(C) The object is attached to one end of a (R) The kinetic energy of the object keeps on
massless spring of a given is attached to decreasing.
the ceiling of an elevator. Initially
everything is at rest. The elevator starts
going upwards with a constant
acceleration a. The motion of the object
is observed from the elevator during the
period it maintains this acceleration.
(D) The object is projected from the earth’s (S) The object can change its direction only once
surface vertically upwards with a speed
2 GM e / Re , where, M e is the mass of
the earth and Re is the radius of the
earth, Neglect forces from objects other
than the earth.

21. Columns I shows spring block system with a constant force permanently acting on block match entries of
column I with Column II.

Column – I Column – II
(A) (P)
m
Time period of oscillation T  2
x=0 k
k

m F = 2mg

(B) (Q) 2mg

Amplitude of oscillation is A 
k
k

m F = 2mg

x=0
(C) (R) Maximum velocity attained by block is
 m
k  2g  
g
 k
m
F = 2mg
(D) (S) Maximum magnitude of acceleration of block is
2g.
k 
g

m
F = 2mg

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 (T) Velocity of block when spring is in natural length
is zero. If block acquire natural length

22. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

Column – I Column – II
(A) 2
d y d y2 (P) Resonant vibration
 v2 2
dt 2 dx
(B) 2
d y (Q) Free vibration
 2 y  0
dt 2
(C) d2y dv (R) Damped vibration
2
 2k   2 y  0
dt dt
(D) 2
d y dv (S) Forced vibration
2
 2k   2 y  F sin t
dt dt
(T) Progressive wave

Integer Type

23. A horizontally oriented copper rod of length l is rotated about a

vertical axis passing through its middle. Frequency at which the rod
A F + dF
X 1 F
ruptures when rotated at . Breaking or breaking force of
l 22 x
copper takes as  and density of copper  . Find X . dx

24. A smooth uniform string of natural length l , cross-sectional area A T

and Young’s modulus Y is pulled along its length by a force F on a F
horizontal surface. The elastic potential energy stored in the string is
F 2l x
U . Find X
XAY

25. The angular frequency of oscillation of the rolling disc of mass m

Xk
connected with a spring of stiffness k at its centre is  . Find k
m
3m
X.

26. Two identical springs each of stiffness k are welded at a point P. If a

particle of mass m is welded at P. The period of oscillation of the particle k
 Ym  P
in the direction of x is . Find Y x
sin  k  m
k

27. Three identical springs each of force constant k have been joined to the
three identical balls (each of mass m), as shown in the Fig. which are at m
the three vertices of an equilateral triangle. In the shown arrangement,
each of the spring is in its natural length. What all three balls are
simultaneously given small displacements of equal magnitude along the
directions as shown in the figure, the oscillation frequency for the blocks k k

will be
1
2
Xk
m
  300  . Find X O

m m
k
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28. A block is connected to a spring such that its time period under normal
condition would be T. Block is compressed by a distance A and
released. An elastic wall is located in front of block at a distance of A/2
from its compressed state. The time period of oscillation of the block is
T A
t . Find K A/2
K

A
29. A body executing SHM with time period T and amplitude A. When it is at from equilibrium position moving
2
toward right. It receives an impulse which doubles its velocity without changing direction. Time taken by the
 K 
block to reach the right extreme position is t  T cos 1   . Find K
 13 

30. A uniform elastic plank moves due to a force distributed uniformly over the end face. The cross-sectional area
1 F0
is A and Young’s modulus Y. The strain produced in the direction of the force is . . Find X .
X AY

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 ANSWER KEY
SHM & ELASTICITY

1. D
lsteel F l /  r12Y1
Sol.  11
lbrass F2l2 /  r22Y2
a
 2
2b c
2 A
1
Sol. K.E. = m2 x 2
2
P.E. = m2  A 2  x 2 
1
2
By putting the value of x = A 2 , we find that K.E. = P.E.

3. A
dU
Given U  k x  F 
 3k x
3 2
Sol.
dx
For SHM, F   ma   m x
2

3kx
From above,   ,
m
2 m m
T   2  2
 3kx 3k  a sin t 
1
Clearly T 
a
4. B
Sol. Ay
The force constant of wire, k '  A, L, Y
L k
 AY 
k 
 
kk ' L  m
So effective force constant ke 
k k'  AY 
k  
 L 

 T  2
m
 2
YA  kL  m
ke YAk

5. B
Sol. Velocity of bob just before collision, u  2 gl . l
The velocity of wall just after collision becomes,
v  e 2 gl 
If h is the height attain after first collision, then h
1
 
2
m e 2 gl  mgh  h  e 2l
2
Height attain after nth collision hn  e l
2n

 l 1  cos    e2 nl
2n
 2 
 1  cos    
 5
n
4 1
For   60 ,   
0

5 2
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  n3

6. C
Sol. The time taken in first a/2 is T/6 and in next a/2 will be T/4. So
T T 5
t   T
6 4 12
5 M 5 m
  2 
12 k 6 k
7. A
R
Sol. r
2
Using parallel axis theorem
I x  I cm  mr 2 twice
8. D
1 2h
Sol. The time taken by particle to move down to bottom t 
sin  g
4 2h
Thus T  4t 
sin  g
9. D
Sol. The differential equation of forced oscillation is
d 2x dx
m 2
 b  kx  F sin t
dt dt
Clearly 1, 2, 3 all are correct
10. C
Sol. Given, x  3sin  t  4cos t
The general equation of SHM can be written as x  A sin  t cos   A cos  t sin 
On comparing two equations, we get A sin   4 and A cos   3
 A2  25 and A  5
So, x  5sin  t   
Also   
  1
or f    Hz
2 2 2
11. B, C
e2Y
Sol. W U   Vol.
2
2
1 l  YAl 2
   Y  AL 
2 L 2L
12. A, C, D
Sol. The decrease in PE = Mg ; F
l
Elastic potential energy stored = Mg
2 Mg
l
Heat produced, H  Mgl  Mg
2 M l
l O l
 Mg
2
13. A, B, C, D
Sol. Conceptual based

14. B, C
Sol. F  Y T  A  YT   r 2

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  F1 : F2 : F3 : F4  1: 2 : 3 : 4
1 1 Fl F 2l F 2l
Energy stored = Fx  F   
2 2 AY 2 AY 2 r 2Y
F2
Or U
r2
15. A, B, D
l l
Sol. Strain, e   1
l l
Stress, f  eY  1  Y  Y

e 2Y 1 Y
2

Potential energy, U   Y
2 2
16. C, D
Sol. In the frame of elevator
d 2x
mg  ma  kx  m
dt 2
d 2x k  m g  a 
 2   x  
dt m k 
d 2x k  m  g  pt  a  
Or 2
  x  
dt m k 
There is a term involving t on RHS., this does not represent SHM unless p = 0
Differentiating again wrt time
d 3x k  dx mp  d 2v k  mp 
     or   v 
dt 3
m  dt k  dt 2
m k 
Thus the velocity of the block will vary simple harmonically.

17. B, C
Sol.
y   5l   x 2 7l
2 2

x 7l  x
    7l  x 
2
 3 2l
2

 x  4l  y  3l y
3l
 T  2 5l 3 2l
g

18. A, B, C, D
2
Sol. y  A sin t
T
 T  4
y  t    A sin  (C) and (D)
 8 4 2
dy 2 2
 A cos t
dt T T
dy  T  2  2 A vmax
 t    A cos  
dt  8 T 4 T 2 2

19. AR BS CQ DP

Fl 500  8
Sol. (A) lcopper    0.8 mm
AY 0.5  104  1011
Fl 500  4
(B) lsteel    0.2 mm
AY 0.5  10 4  2  1011

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 (C) l  lcopper  lsteel  1.0 mm

 e 2Ycopper e 2Ysteel 
(D) U      Vol  0.25 J
 2 2 

20. AP B  Q, R CP D  Q, R

Sol. (A) For a simple harmonic motion v  a   x . On comparing it with v  c1 c2  x 2 we find the two
2 2

comparable.
(B) v  kx when x is positive, v is negative and as x decreases, v decreases. Therefore kinetic energy will
decreases. When x = 0, v = 0. There fore the object does not change its direction. When x is negative, v is
positive. But as x decreases in magnitude, v also decreases. Therefore kinetic energy decreases. When x = 0,
v = 0. Therefore the object does not change its direction.
(C) When a  0, let the spring have an extension x. Then kx  mg .
When the elevator starts going upwards with a constant acceleration, as seen by the observer in the elevator,
the object is at rest.
 ma  mg  kx '
 ma  k  x ' x 
(Since a is constant)
(D) The speed is 2 times the escape speed. Therefore the object will leave the earth. It will therefore not
change the direction and its kinetic energy will keep on decreasing.

21. A  P, Q, R, S, T B  P, Q, R, S, T C  P, Q, R, S D  P, Q, R, S
Sol. (A) For equilibrium
2mg  kx
2mg
x
k
2mg
A
k
vmax  A
2mg k m
  2g
k m k
amax   A
2

k 2mg
   2g
m k
(B) Same as (A)
(C) Initially mg  kx0
3mg  kx
2mg
A
k
Spring will not acquire natural length.
(D) mg  kx0
mg
Spring is compressed by in equilibrium.
k
kx  mg
2mg
A
k
mg
x
k
Velocity at natural length
v   A2  x 2
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 mg
x
k
22. AT BQ CR D  P, S
Sol. Theoretical based
23. 8
Sol. The stresses are zero at the free end and maximum at the axis. Therefore, the rod will ruptures at the middle.
Let us consider the element of rod at a distance x from the axis, the mass of element
dm   Adx
Applying Newton’s second law,
F   F  dF     Adx   2 x
Where  is the rotation speed.
x2
F    dF    A 2 C
2
Rupture of rod will occur when f  
 2l 2
 
8
8 1 8
  n
l 2
2 l 2
24. 6
Sol. The tension T in the string at a distance x from its free end is given as
F
T x
l
T F
Hence, p   x
A Al
1
Substituting (p) in the formula U   p dV
2

2Y
1
1 F2 2
2Y 0 A2l 2
We have, U  x dV

Where dV  Adx
F 2l
This gives U 
6 AY
25. 2
Sol. Let the speed of the disc be v at any displacement x.
Then, the total mechanical energy of the disc + spring system is
1 2 1 2 1
E U  K = kx  mv  I C  2
2 2 2
v mR 2
Where   for rolling and I C 
R 2
1 2 3 2
E  kx  mv
2 4
dE 3 dv
Differentiating both sides with x, we have  kx  mv
dx 2 dx
vdv dE
Where  a and 0
dx dx
2 k
a x
3m
2k
Since, a   2 x, we have  
3m
26. 2

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 F
Sol.  keff  numerically 
x
Let us find  x (static deformation of the system).
Since the particle is in equilibrium,
 F  2 Fs sin 
By Pythagoras theorem, x2  y2  l 2
Taking differentials of both sides, we have 2 x x  2 y y  2l l
Since y is constant, y0
x
l   x
l
F
 2k sin 2 
x
keff  2k sin 2 
 2m
Substituting keff , we have T
sin  k
27. 3
Sol. If x be the magnitude of the displacement of blocks.
y  x cos 
 Change in the length of each of the spring = 2y = 2 x cos 

Net force F on each of the ball will have magnitude 4kx cos  cos 
 
F    4k cos 2   x
Hence v  oscillation frequency 


1
2
3k
m
  300 
28. 3
2
Sol. Time period =

2
Velocity =  A2  x 2  A2  x 2
T
A/ 2
cos    600
A


3
2
Particle has terned through . Thus, time t is
3
2 2
 t
3 T
T
t
3
29. 1
Sol. Velocity =  A2  x 2
2 3 A
= (doubles)
T
2 3 A 2
 A2  x 2
T T
13
A1  A
2

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 A/ 2 1  1  1  
cos       cos  
A1 13   3 
 1 
cos 1    t
 13 
 1 
t  T cos 1  
 13 
30. 2
Sol. The tension is not constant along the length of the plank. Let force at a distance x from one end be F.
F0 x
Then F 
l
F F x change in length of element dx
Stress at any cross section =   Y  strain  0 
A lA dx
1
F F
Increase in length of element, dx  xd  l  0  xdx
lAY lAY 0
l 1 F0
Hence strain  .
l 2 AY

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