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    Rohit Shrestha
    This document discusses air conditioning system components including condensers, compressors, and metering devices. It notes that condensers can be air-cooled or water-cooled and that their efficiency is impacted by the temperature of the cooling medium and flow across the heat transfer surfaces. Compressors increase the pressure and temperature of refrigerant vapor to reject heat in the condenser. Metering devices reduce pressure and control refrigerant flow into the evaporator. Maintaining clean coils on the evaporator and condenser improves efficiency by increasing evaporator temperature and decreasing condenser temperature.

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    This document discusses air conditioning system components including condensers, compressors, and metering devices. It notes that condensers can be air-cooled or water-cooled and that their efficiency is impacted by the temperature of the cooling medium and flow across the heat transfer surfaces. Compressors increase the pressure and temperature of refrigerant vapor to reject heat in the condenser. Metering devices reduce pressure and control refrigerant flow into the evaporator. Maintaining clean coils on the evaporator and condenser improves efficiency by increasing evaporator temperature and decreasing condenser temperature.

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    This document discusses air conditioning system components including condensers, compressors, and metering devices. It notes that condensers can be air-cooled or water-cooled and that their efficiency is impacted by the temperature of the cooling medium and flow across the heat transfer surfaces. Compressors increase the pressure and temperature of refrigerant vapor to reject heat in the condenser. Metering devices reduce pressure and control refrigerant flow into the evaporator. Maintaining clean coils on the evaporator and condenser improves efficiency by increasing evaporator temperature and decreasing condenser temperature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    79 views2 pages

    1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Shrestha
    This document discusses air conditioning system components including condensers, compressors, and metering devices. It notes that condensers can be air-cooled or water-cooled and that their efficiency is impacted by the temperature of the cooling medium and flow across the heat transfer surfaces. Compressors increase the pressure and temperature of refrigerant vapor to reject heat in the condenser. Metering devices reduce pressure and control refrigerant flow into the evaporator. Maintaining clean coils on the evaporator and condenser improves efficiency by increasing evaporator temperature and decreasing condenser temperature.

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    Air Conditioning Systems 67

    CONDENSERS

    Condensers may be either air-cooled or water-cooled. The


    compressor’s discharge pressure depends on how rapidly the
    condenser cooling medium, that is, the air or the water, will carry
    away the heat of the refrigerant vapor. This heat transfer rate
    depends on both the temperature of the condenser cooling me-
    dium and the volume of flow of the medium across or around the
    heat transfer surfaces of the condenser. The importance of lower
    condenser temperatures is that the lower the refrigerant tempera-
    ture that can be maintained in the condenser, the lower the con-
    denser pressure will be and the smaller the horsepower-per-ton
    ratio of the compressor (Table 4-1).
    When the coils become dirty the dirt acts as an insulator
    reducing heat transfer. If this occurs on the evaporator the evapo-
    rator temperature is lowered. If the condenser coil is dirty the
    temperature inside the condenser is increased. Service technicians
    can help maintain good system performance by being aware of
    the evaporator and condenser temperatures. Efficiency is in-
    creased by increasing evaporator temperature and decreasing
    condenser temperature. One way this can be done is by improv-

    Table 4-1. Reduction in system efficiency when condensers and evaporators are
    not maintained.
    ————————————————————————————————
    Operating Evaporating Condensing Tons Brake BHP Increased
    Condition Temperature Temperature Ref. HP per ton BHP per ton
    ————————————————————————————————
    Normal Operation 45°F 105°F 17.0 15.9 0.93
    ————————————————————————————————
    Dirty Condenser 45°F 115°F 15.6 17.5 1.12 20%
    ————————————————————————————————
    Dirty Evaporator 35°F 105°F 13.8 15.3 1.10 18%
    ————————————————————————————————
    Dirty Cond. & Evap. 35°F 115°F 12.7 16.4 1.29 39%
    ————————————————————————————————
    68 HVAC Fundamentals

    ing heat transfer by keeping the evaporator coil and condenser


    coil clean (Table 4-1).

    COMPRESSORS

    The function of the compressor in the refrigeration system is


    to pump refrigerant vapor around the system and compress the
    low pressure refrigerant vapor to a higher pressure. The compres-
    sor must be capable of pumping the refrigerant vapor from the
    evaporator as fast as it vaporizes. If it doesn’t, the accumulated
    refrigerant vapor will increase the pressure inside the evaporator.
    If this happens, the boiling point of the liquid refrigerant will be
    raised and the cooling process will stop. The second function of
    the compressor is to compress the refrigerant vapor changing it
    from a low pressure vapor to a higher pressure vapor. This pro-
    cess of compression adds heat to the vapor changing it from a low
    temperature vapor to a higher temperature vapor… a tempera-
    ture higher than the condensing medium, water or air. This is
    important so the heat from the refrigerant can be rejected into the
    lower temperature condensing medium. The higher pressure sup-
    ports the higher temperature. For example, in Figure 4-3, 70 psig
    supports a temperature of 40°F, while 260 psig supports a tem-
    perature of 120°F.

    METERING DEVICES

    The main types of metering devices are thermal expansion


    valve (abbreviated TXV or TEV), automatic expansion valve
    (AXV or AEV), float valve (on the high side or low side of flooded
    systems), and capillary tube (cap tube). A metering device is a
    pressure-reducing device; it reduces the pressure in the system
    from high to low. It is also a flow-control device. It controls the
    flow of refrigerant into the evaporator coil so that if the refriger-
    ant is boiling off too soon in the evaporator, the metering device

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