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Lathe: Common Types of Lathes: Engine Lathe
Lathe: Common Types of Lathes: Engine Lathe
Definition
Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required
shape and size
Engine Lathe:
The most common form of lathe, motor driven and comes in large variety of sizes and shapes.
Bench Lathe:
A bench top model usually of low power used to make precision machine small work pieces.
Tracer Lathe:
A lathe that has the ability to follow a template to copy a shape or contour.
Automatic Lathe:
The lathe in which the work piece is automatically fed and removed without use of an operator. Cutting
operations are automatically controlled by a sequencer of some form.
Turret Lathe:
The lathes which have multiple tools mounted on turrent either attached to the tailstock or the
cross-slide, which allows for quick changes in tooling and cutting operations.
Highly automated lathes, where cutting, loading, tool changing, and part unloading are
automatically controlled by computer coding.
Lathe specifications
• Distance between centers
• Swing over the bed
• Swing over the cross slide
• Horse power of the motor
• Number of speeds
• Number of feeds
Lathes and Lathe Operations
• Lathe Components
• Bed: supports all major components
•
• Carriage: slides along the ways and consists of the cross-slide, tool post, apron
• Headstock – Holds the jaws for the work piece, supplies power to the jaws and has various drive
Speeds
• Tailstock – supports the other end of the work piece
• Feed Rod and Lead Screw – Feed rod is powered by a set of gears from the headstock
LATHE BED
• The bed is the base of the lathe and supports all the major components of lathe.
• Lathe bed material made of grey cast iron , to resist deflection and absorb vibrations during
cutting
Carriage Feed
• Longitudinal Feed or “Turning” - The tool is fed along the work.
• Cross Feed or “Facing” – The tool is fed across the work.
Tail Stock:
To remove the chuck turn the tail stock back to zero and the chuck should pop out
Cutting Tools
Many different devices, such as chucks, collets, faceplates, drive plates, mandrels, and lathe
centers are used to hold and drive the work while it is being machined on a lathe.
Three Jaw chuck: It usually has three jaws, the jaws are moved simultaneously within the chuck (fig.4).
Four Jaw chuck: This is independent chuck generally has four jaws , which are adjusted individually on the
chuck face by means of adjusting screws(fig.5).
Face plates: The face plate is used for irregularly shaped work pieces that cannot be successfully held by
chucks or mounted between centers (fig.6).
Mandrels: A work piece which cannot be held between centers because its axis has been drilled or bored
and which is not suitable for holding in a chuck or against a faceplate is usually machined on a mandrel.
Fig.(4) Fig.(5)
FACE PLATE
Fig,.6 Face plate
Formulas:
Taper Turning
Tan α = (D1- D2)/2L where α = angle of taper
D1= major diameter in mm
D2= minor diameter in mm
L= Length of taper in mm
The conicity K of the taper is defined as K= (D1- D2)/L
Lathe simple problems
Problem -1
A mild steel rod having 50 mm diameter and 500 mm length is to be turned on a lathe.
Determine the machining time to reduce the rod to 45 mm in one pass when cutting speed is
30 m/min and a feed of 0.7 mm/rev is used.
Solution
Given data: D = 50 mm, Lj = 500 mm
v = 30 m/min, f = 0.7 mm/rev
Substituting the values of v and D in
V = ΠDN/1000 M/min
Required spindle speed as: N = 191 rpm
Problem -2
Determine the angle at which the compound rest would be swiveled for cutting a taper on a
work piece having a length of 150 mm and outside diameter 80 mm. The smallest diameter
on the tapered end of the rod should be 50 mm and the required length of the tapered portion
is 80 mm.
Solution
Given data: D1 = 80 mm, D2 = 50 mm, Lj = 80 mm (with usual notations)
tan α = (80-50) / 2× 80 or α = 10.620
Reference
Website
• www. engbasics.com
• www. efunda.com
(Part-A)