Model Answer: Solution

CE416-F015-Midterm1 Version B
Model Answer
Question 1
Describe your understanding to the terms below in your own words :

a) The six distinct movements involoved in motor vehicle travel
b) Design Speed;
c) Centrifugal Force.
Solution:
a) The six distinct movements involoved in motor vehicle travel
1. main movement
2.transition
3.distribution
4.collection
5.access
6. termination.
b) Posted Speed
Legal speed limit, usually less than design speed
c) Perception and reaction time
It is the time elapsed from the instant the driver sights an object on the road
ahead to the instant he started the required reaction
Model Answer
Question 2
a. Explain (very briefly) the rationale for using the peak hour factor in determining the DHV.
b. Estimate the DDHV on a road with current AADT of 11550 vehicles per day. The road is two-lane
rural roadway. Assume that the relationship between hourly volume and AADT given as 13.5% and
that the directional split is 60:40. [ Use a design period of 20 years and annual traffic growth of 6%]
Solution:
a. Flow is not uniform throughout an hour

HCM considers operating conditions during most congested 15-minute period of
the hour to determine service level for the hour as a whole
(b)
AADTc = 11550 v/d DDHVc= k.D.AADTc = 935.55
n
k= 13.50 DDHVf = DDHVc (1+i) = 3000.436
D= 0.60
B n= 20 years
i= 0.060
AADTf = AADTc (1+i)n = 37042.4 vpd
DDHVf = k.D.AADTf = 3000.44 vph
Model Answer
Question 3
(a) Calculate the stopping sight distance for a design speed of 90 kmph. Assume i) that the
road is level, ii) that there is a downgrade of 2%.
[Take a brake reaction time of 2.5 sec and a deceleration rate of 3.3 m/s 2 ].
(b) State the types of location where one must provide,
i) superelevation ii) climbing lane
Solution: 55.6 72.6134 128.2134
(a)
V= 90 kmph
tp.r. = 2.5 sec
B a=
G=
3.3
-2%
m/s2 0.336391 f =a/g
(i) SSD = 157.3496 m (i) SSD = 163.3421 m
(b)
i) superelevation
At horizontal curve, where the generated centerpatial force can not be resested by
side friction only.
ii) climbing lane

At ubgrades, where the grade length exceeds the critical grade length and the percentage
of slow vehicles is substential and can decrease the highway capacity and level of service
CE416-F015-Midterm1 B
Model Answer
Question 4
Using a data given below, determine radius of circular curve, curve widening, length of spiral curve,
length of superelevation runoff and tangent runout. [ Project location: near Shaat(snow is expected),
design speed=100 kmph, nomber of lanes=2, lane width=3.5m, x-slope=4%, design vehicle is SU-9].
Solution:
1. Design of circular curve:

For a design speed of 120 kmph, the cofficien of side friction is: f= 0.12
From Table
For Shaat are ( snow is expected), emax = 8%
Minimum curve radius is : = 393.701 m
Use Rc = 400 m
Design rate of superelevation e d= 0.07685
2. Widening on horizontal curve;

for design vehicle SU12, Wheel base length l = 6.1 m (from Table)
nl2 V
We = 1.99 m We = +
2R 2.64√R
3. Length of spiral curve: 0.09303 1.89394

Superelevation, Sm = 0.35 m 𝑆𝑚 = 𝑒(𝑊 + 𝑊𝑐 )
0.035𝑉 3 𝑆𝑚 . 𝑁 For speed 100 kmph N= 227

𝐿𝑠 = 𝐿𝑠 =
𝑅𝑐 2 (From Table)
Ls = 87.5 m Ls = 39.19 m
Use Ls = 87.5 m
4. Length of superelevation runoff:

( w  n1 )ed
Lr  bw = 61.131 m bw = 1 Δ = 0.44
 (From Table)
5. Length of tangent runout:

e eNC = 4%
Lt  NC Lr = 31.8182 m
ed
1. Design of circular curve: Use Rc = 400 m

2. Widening on horizontal curve; We = 1.99 m
3. Length of spiral curve: Use Ls = 87.5 m
4. Length of superelevation runoff:Lr = 61.131 m
5. Length of tangent runout: Lt = 31.8182 m
Model Answer
Question 5
An ascending grade of 2% is connected to a descending grade of 3% using a 500 m equal tangent

vertical curve. If the PVC station is 2+60.00 and elevation is 210 m, determine the stationing and
elevations of the PVI, PVT and the low/high point on the curve?
PVI
G1 = 2
G2 = -3 PVT
a= 0.00005
EPVC= 210 m
b= 2 250 m
Sta.PVC = 02+60.00 250 m
EPVC = 210 m
Xhl
Solution:
L= 500 m = (05+00) a= (G2-G1)/2L = -0.005

L/2= 250 m = (02+50) b=G1 = 2
Station of PVI: Sta PVI = Sta PVC + L/2

Sta PVI = (02+60.00)+(02+50.00)
(05+10.00)
Elevation of PVI:
EPVI = EPVC - G1xL/2
EPVI = 215 m
Station of PVT: Sta PVT = Sta PVC + L

Sta PVT = (02+60.00)+(05+00.00)
(07+60.00)
Elevation of PVT:
EPVT = EPVI + G2xL/2 Y=AX2/200L
EPVT = 207.5 m
Elev of tangent above XL = 214 m
Station of Low point: Offset above XL = 2m
Location of low point: Xhl = K |G1| ELP = 212 m
A= 5
K =L/A = 100
Xhl = 200 m = (02+00.00)
Station of Low point: StaLP = StaPVC + XLP =
StaHP = (02+60.00) + (02+00.00)
StaHP = (04+60.00)
Elevation of Low point:
ELP = EPVC + a(XLP)2 + b (XLP)
ELP = 212 m

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CE416-F015-Midterm1 Version B

Describe your understanding to the terms below in your own words :

a) The six distinct movements involoved in motor vehicle travel

c) Perception and reaction time

a. Flow is not uniform throughout an hour

Solution: 55.6 72.6134 128.2134

(i) SSD = 157.3496 m (i) SSD = 163.3421 m

ii) climbing lane

1. Design of circular curve:

Minimum curve radius is : = 393.701 m

2. Widening on horizontal curve;

3. Length of spiral curve: 0.09303 1.89394

0.035𝑉 3 𝑆𝑚 . 𝑁 For speed 100 kmph N= 227

4. Length of superelevation runoff:

5. Length of tangent runout:

1. Design of circular curve: Use Rc = 400 m

An ascending grade of 2% is connected to a descending grade of 3% using a 500 m equal tangent

L= 500 m = (05+00) a= (G2-G1)/2L = -0.005

Station of PVI: Sta PVI = Sta PVC + L/2

Station of PVT: Sta PVT = Sta PVC + L

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