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    Eng Sci

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    Azaa anuar
    The document is a tutorial that discusses factors that affect ionization energy and valence electrons. It lists 5 factors that affect ionization energy: 1) atomic radius, 2) nuclear charge, 3) orbital penetration, 4) electron pairing, and 5) shielding effect. It then asks what valence electrons are and to sketch a diagram. Valence electrons are defined as electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

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    Eng Sci

    Uploaded by

    Azaa anuar
    30 views1 page
    The document is a tutorial that discusses factors that affect ionization energy and valence electrons. It lists 5 factors that affect ionization energy: 1) atomic radius, 2) nuclear charge, 3) orbital penetration, 4) electron pairing, and 5) shielding effect. It then asks what valence electrons are and to sketch a diagram. Valence electrons are defined as electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

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    The document is a tutorial that discusses factors that affect ionization energy and valence electrons. It lists 5 factors that affect ionization energy: 1) atomic radius, 2) nuclear charge, 3) orbital penetration, 4) electron pairing, and 5) shielding effect. It then asks what valence electrons are and to sketch a diagram. Valence electrons are defined as electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views1 page

    Eng Sci

    Uploaded by

    Azaa anuar
    The document is a tutorial that discusses factors that affect ionization energy and valence electrons. It lists 5 factors that affect ionization energy: 1) atomic radius, 2) nuclear charge, 3) orbital penetration, 4) electron pairing, and 5) shielding effect. It then asks what valence electrons are and to sketch a diagram. Valence electrons are defined as electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    TUTORIAL 7

    Name Azana liza Anuar


    :

    Matric Num : 057189 .

    Subject :
    MTM 1103 Engineering Science
    1. List 5 factor affect for the ionization energy Explain for .
    each points briefly .

    a. Atono mic radius When an atomic radius decreased ionization energy increases
    .
    . .

    b. Nuclear charge If a .
    positive charge there is stronger attraction for the
    nucleus has a ,

    electrons This results in a high amount of ionization energy


    . .

    C Orbital penetration Since the s orbitals penetrate towards the nucleus more closely than the p
    . .

    orbitals it's easier to remove electron from p orbitals than from s orbitals So ionization energy
    .
    .

    going to be increase when removing a electron in s orbital .

    d. Electron pairing within a sub shell Since repulsion between electrons


    -
    . in the same orbital is

    higher than repulsion between electrons in different orbitals Within a sub shell paired
    .
    -
    ,

    electrons are easier to remove than unpaired ones .


    So ionization energy increase when
    removing
    an unpaired electron .

    e. Shielding or
    screening effect of the inner orbitals . Electrons in the outermost orbitals feel

    lesser attraction from the nucleus than expected ,


    due to presence of electrons in inner

    orbitals .

    2. What is Valence electrons and sketch the diagram to support your answer .

    → Valence electrons are defines as electrons that are found in the outermost energy level
    of atoms .

    Nucleus

    Valence
    electrons

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