Section 9 - Students Worksheet

Foundation Centre
OMAN COLLEGE OF HEALTH

SCIENCES
Foundation Centre
English Language
FND 101
2020-21
Preventive Medicine Workbook
NAME: Esraa Ahmed Abdullah Almas Al-kumzari
OCHS/FP/FND 101Prvntv.Medicine2020-21
1
Section 9: Insect-Borne Diseases & Diseases from Animals
1. What are the two ways in which insects can spread disease?
Contamination and bites .
2. How do houseflies contaminate food?
House flies have sticky feet which become contaminated with microbes when they laud on
food they contaminate it.
3. What are vectors?
Insect carriers of disease.
4. Which insects are vectors of the following diseases?
i) malaria Anopheles mosquito.
ii) sleeping sickness Tsetse flies
iii) river blindness simulium flies
5. What other disease is caused by microscopic worms carried by mosquitoes?
Elephantiasis
6. What are the three ways in which insect-borne diseases can be controlled?
i) Reducing the number of breeding places.
ii) Spraying houses and gardens with insecticide.
iii) Eliminating the disease in the human population.
7. What are two ways in which the breeding places of malaria mosquitoes can be reduced?
i) Draining swamps and other wet areas.
ii) Covering small pools and water tanks with a thin layer of kerosene.
8. Give two reasons why yellow fever is no longer common in Kenya.
i) The disease is now cured in many people.
ii) Many others are immunized against it.
9. What is a prophylactic?
A medicine that will prevent a disease from developing.

Diseases from Animals
Are these sentences true or false? If false, correct them.

1. Only dogs and man can have rabies.
F( also, cats, monkey and bats)
2. If rabies is not treated then the person or animal who has it will die.
3. A person can only get rabies if he has been bitten by an animal that already has the
disease.
F (saliva can enter a cut on the skin and cause rabies too)
4. Death from snakebite may be as a result of bad treatment or fear and not from poisoning.
5. To treat snakebite it is not necessary to know which type of snake has bitten the patient.
F ( if snake is identified doctor knows which antivenin to give )
6. The best way to treat snakebite is to cut the skin or tie a string around the affected limb.
F ( these tow way are harmful and can cause infection and serious damage)
7. It is possible to make antivenin by removing poison from a snake.
T
Section 10: Food Hygiene, Sanitation & Using Medicines
Food Hygiene
1. Why is it better to keep food in a refrigerator?
because microbes breed and multiply in warm food.

2. What is meant by the term ‘food hygiene’?
Keeping food, clean and free from contamination.
3. Why should you use soap when washing your hands?

Because it removes the microbes.
4. Why is cooked food safer than raw food?

Because microbes are killed by high temperatures.
5. Why must meat be well cooked?
Because top worm can spread in under cooked meat.

6. Give three reasons why breast-milk is the best for babies.
i) It provides immunity.
ii) It is complete food.
iii) It contains no harmful microbes.
7. Why is it essential to sterilise feeding bottles and milk if artificial feeding is used?
Because the microbes of dysentery can grow in dirty bottles and unsterilized milk and
dysentery can cause death.
8. What temperature should the water be when adding powdered milk to make up a feed.
Skin heat 37℃
Sanitation
1. What is meant by the following terms?

sanitation Methods of keeping surrounding clean and healthy.
pit latrine A large pit or hole in the ground.
septic tank Concrete tank sunk into ground nearly filled with water.
flush toilet Toilet in which water is used to flush waste down into a tank
disinfectant A chemical that kills microbes.
hookworm A thing worm that can live in the bowels.
2. How can the spread of disease from rubbish be controlled?
By removing burying or burning rubbish.
3. Which type of latrine is the most hygienic?
Flush toilet.
4. Why is kerosene often added to a pit or septic tank?
to prevent mosquitoes from breeding there.

5. Name three diseases that are spread through faeces.
Typhoid
Dysentery
Cholera
6. Give four ways in which these diseases can be spread.
Flies
Contaminated water
Unwashed hands
Contaminated food.
7. What are the symptoms of infection with hookworm?
Weakness, continual loss of blood.
8. Why is it important that the ground is kept clean and that people do not defecate on the
ground?
Faces carry microbes , continual loss of blood.
9. Why is it important to wear shoes if the earth has been contaminated by faeces?
Hook warms can enter the body through feet.
Using Medicines
1. Name three antibiotics mentioned in the text

Penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline.
2. Can antibiotics be used to treat diseases caused by viruses? Yes/No
3. Look at this list of diseases. Put a tick (/) if they can be treated with antibiotics and a cross
(x) if they can’t.
bacterial sore throat / measles X
common cold X polio X
dysentery / syphilis /
gonorrhoea / trachoma X
hepatitis X tuberculosis /
influenza X typhoid /
4. Why is penicillin no longer effective when treating gonorrhoea?

Gonorrhea microbe is now resistant to penicillin.
5. Name two other diseases for which bacterial resistance is now a problem.
TB and Typhoid
6. What three factors are just as important as medicines when treating diseases?
Good food.
Rest.
Plenty of water.

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Foundation Centre

OMAN COLLEGE OF HEALTH

Preventive Medicine Workbook

NAME: Esraa Ahmed Abdullah Almas Al-kumzari

Contamination and bites .

2. How do houseflies contaminate food?

3. What are vectors?

Insect carriers of disease.

4. Which insects are vectors of the following diseases?

i) malaria Anopheles mosquito.

ii) sleeping sickness Tsetse flies

iii) river blindness simulium flies

5. What other disease is caused by microscopic worms carried by mosquitoes?

i) Reducing the number of breeding places.

ii) Spraying houses and gardens with insecticide.

iii) Eliminating the disease in the human population.

i) Draining swamps and other wet areas.

8. Give two reasons why yellow fever is no longer common in Kenya.

i) The disease is now cured in many people.

ii) Many others are immunized against it.

A medicine that will prevent a disease from developing.

Are these sentences true or false? If false, correct them.

F( also, cats, monkey and bats)

F ( if snake is identified doctor knows which antivenin to give )

7. It is possible to make antivenin by removing poison from a snake.

1. Why is it better to keep food in a refrigerator?

because microbes breed and multiply in warm food.

3. Why should you use soap when washing your hands?

4. Why is cooked food safer than raw food?

5. Why must meat be well cooked?

Because top worm can spread in under cooked meat.

1. What is meant by the following terms?

pit latrine A large pit or hole in the ground.

disinfectant A chemical that kills microbes.

hookworm A thing worm that can live in the bowels.

2. How can the spread of disease from rubbish be controlled?

By removing burying or burning rubbish.

3. Which type of latrine is the most hygienic?

4. Why is kerosene often added to a pit or septic tank?

to prevent mosquitoes from breeding there.

Weakness, continual loss of blood.

1. Name three antibiotics mentioned in the text

2. Can antibiotics be used to treat diseases caused by viruses? Yes/No

bacterial sore throat / measles X

common cold X polio X

4. Why is penicillin no longer effective when treating gonorrhoea?

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