Fiber Reinforced Concrete

FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
 In all countries, the construction industry is rapidly

developing based on the invention of different materials
and products in engineering fields.
 Engineers have attempted various types of materials in

order to make the task more efficient reducing time,
cost, improving durability, quality and performance of
structures during their lifetime.
 Concrete is weak in tension and strong in compression.
 Even though reinforcement is provided in tension zone

microcracks are developed in the tension and
compression zone.
 The propogation of these cracks can be
arrested by using fibre reinforcement in
concrete.
 The fibres are very small which are

distributed over the whole area of concrete.
 Because of this we can not only arrest crack

formation but also we can increase flexural,
shear ,torsion, strength, freezing and thawing
resistance.
 It is a Small piece of reinforcing material
possessing certain characteristic properties.
 It Can be circular or flat.
 Parameter used to describe fiber – “Aspect
ratio”.
 Aspect ratio is ratio of its length to its
diameter.
 Typical aspect ratio for fibers ranges from 30
to 150
 Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete
containing fibrous material which increases
its structural integrity.
 It contains short discrete fibers that are
uniformly distributed and randomly
oriented.
 Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers,
synthetic fibers and natural fibers
 Fibers have been used for concrete reinforcement
since prehistoric times.
 In the early age, straw and mortar were used for
producing mud bricks, and horsehair was used for
their reinforcement.
 As the fiber technology developed, cement was
reinforced by asbestos fibers in the early twentieth
century.
 Later, the use of asbestos for concrete reinforcement
was discouraged due to the detection of health risks.
 New materials like steel, glass, and synthetic fibers
replaced asbestos for reinforcement.
 Active research is still in progress on this important
technology.
2.1 STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
Steel fiber-reinforced concrete is basically cheaper and easier

to use.
Steel fiber-reinforced concrete uses thin steel wires
mixed in with the cement.
 This imparts the concrete with greater structural strength and
reduces cracking
 Steel fiber is often used in conjunction with rebar or one of
the other fiber types.
 Glass fiber-reinforced concrete uses fiberglass
 The glass fiber helps insulate the concrete in addition to
making it stronger.
 Glass fiber also helps prevent the concrete from
cracking over time due to mechanical or thermal stress.
 In addition, the glass fiber does not interfere with radio
signals like the steel fiber reinforcement does.
 Synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete uses plastic, nylon
and polyproplene fibers to improve the concrete's
strength.
 They help to improve the cement pumpability.
 The synthetic fibers do not expand in heat or contract
in the cold which helps prevent cracking.
 Finally synthetic fibers help keep the concrete from
spalling during impacts or fires.
Polyproplene
fiber
 Historically, fiber-reinforced concrete have used natural
fibers, such as hay or coir.
 While these fibers help the concrete's strength they can also
make it weaker if too much is used.
 In addition if the natural fibers are rotting when they are
mixed in then the rot can continue while in the concrete.
 This eventually leads to the concrete crumbling from the
inside, which is why natural fibers are no longer used in
construction.
COIR HAY
3.1. Volume of fibres:
 low volume fraction (less then 1%):

 Used in slabs and pavement that have large exposed surface
leading to shrinkage cracking
 Moderate volume fraction(between 1 and 2%):

 Used in construction method such as shotcrete
 High volume fraction (greater then 2%):

 Used in making high performance FRC
 Aspect Ratio is the ratio of length of the Fibre
to the diameter of its cross - section.
 Aspect Ratio = Length(L) / Diameter(D)
 Aligned in the direction of load
 Aligned in the direction perpendicular to load
 Randomly distribution of fibers
 Fibre should be significantly stiffer than matrix.
 Low modulus of fibres imparts more energy
absorption while high modulus of fibres imparts
strength and stiffness.
 Low modulus fibres e.g. nylon, polypropylene
 High modulus of elasticity e.g. steel, glass and carbon
fibres.
 Usage of steel fibres , higher aspect ratio and
non-uniform distribution of fibres will reduce
workability
 Prolonged external vibration fails to compact
the concrete
 These properties can be improved by
increasing water/cement ratio or by using
water reducing admixtures
 Restricted to 10mm
 Friction between fibres and between fibres
and aggregates controls orientation and
distribution.
3.7. Mixing:
 Mixing of FRC needs careful precautions to
avoid segregation
 Increase in aspect ratio, volume percentage
and size of coarse aggregate will increase the
difficulties.
 Addition of 4% of fibres report 2.5 times
more increase in flexural strength.
 Presence of 3% of fibres develop 2.5 times
more splitting tensile strength.
 Compressive strength- Improves(0-15 %).
 Toughness is about 20-40 times that of plain
concrete.
 Impact strength is 5 to 10 times of plain
concrete and improves wear and tear.
 Main role of fibres is to bridge the cracks that
develop in concrete and increase the ductility
of concrete elements.
 Improvement on Post-Cracking behaviour of
concrete
 Imparts more resistance to Impact load
 Lowers the permeability of concrete matrix
and thus reduce the bleeding of water
 Increase in specific gravity of the concrete.
This means that the concrete will be heavier
than normal concrete in case of some fibres
 Higher cost because of its control issues
(production issues) as well as the cost of raw
material is high.
 Corrosion of steel fibres
Highway pavements
Hydraulic structures
Precast applications
 More than 400 tones of Shakti man Steel Fibers have been
used recently in the construction of a road overlay for a project
at Mathura (UP).

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FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

 In all countries, the construction industry is rapidly

 Engineers have attempted various types of materials in

 Concrete is weak in tension and strong in compression.

 Even though reinforcement is provided in tension zone

 The fibres are very small which are

 Because of this we can not only arrest crack

Steel fiber-reinforced concrete is basically cheaper and easier

 low volume fraction (less then 1%):

 Moderate volume fraction(between 1 and 2%):

 High volume fraction (greater then 2%):

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