MCQ Failure Theories

1.
The normal stress is perpendicular to the area under considerations, while the shear stress acts over
the area.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is the convention used.
2. If a body is subjected to stresses in xy plane with stresses of 60N/mm² and 80N/mm² acting along x
and y axes respectively. Also the shear stress acting is 20N/mm²Find the maximum amount of shear
stress to which the body is subjected.
a) 22.4mm
b) 25mm
c) 26.3mm
d) 27.2mm
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: τ(max)=√( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).
and y axes respectively. Also the shear stress acting is 10N/mm². Find the inclination of the plane in
which shear stress is maximal.
a) 45’
b) 30’
c) 60’
d) 15’
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: tan (2Ǿ)=2τ/[σ(x) – σ(y)].

and y axes respectively. Also the shear stress acting is 20N/mm². Find the maximum normal stress.
a) 90
b) 92.4
c) 94.2
d) 96
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: σ=[σ(x) +σ(y)]/2 + √( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).
and y axes respectively. Also the shear stress acting is 20N/mm². Find the minimum normal stress.
a) 45.4
b) 47.6
c) 48.2
d) 50.6
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: σ=[σ(x) +σ(y)]/2 – √( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).
6. If compressive yield stress and tensile yield stress are equivalent, then region of safety from maximum
principal stress theory is of which shape?
a) Rectangle
b) Square
c) Circle
d) Ellipse
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The equation of four lines is given by σ1=± S(yt), σ2=±S(yc) Now given S(yt)=S(yc), hence the
region of safety is of square shape.
7. Maximum Principal Stress Theory is not good for brittle materials.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Experimental investigations have shown that maximum principle stress theory gives good
results for brittle materials.
8. The region of safety in maximum shear stress theory contains which of the given shape
a) Hexagon
b) Rectangle
c) Square
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In maximum shear stress theory we have the following equations: σ1= ±S(yt)
σ2= ±S (yt), σ1 – σ2 =±S (yt) assuming S(yt)=S(yc).
9. The total strain energy for a unit cube subjected to three principal stresses is given by?
a) U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/3
b) U= [(σ₁²+σ₂²+σ₃²)/2E] – (σ₁σ₂+σ₂σ₃+σ₃σ₁)2μ
c) U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/2 is the basic formula. After substituting values of έ₁, έ₂ and έ₃, we
get the expression b.
10. Distortion energy theory is slightly liberal as compared to maximum shear stress theory.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The hexagon of maximum shear theory falls completely inside the ellipse of distortion
energy theorem.
1. The normal stress is perpendicular to the area under considerations, while the shear stress acts over
the area.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is the convention used.
and y axes respectively. Also the shear stress acting is 20N/mm²Find the maximum amount of shear
stress to which the body is subjected.
a) 22.4mm
b) 25mm
c) 26.3mm
d) 27.2mm
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: τ(max)=√( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).
and y axes respectively. Also the shear stress acting is 10N/mm². Find the inclination of the plane in
which shear stress is maximal.
a) 45’
b) 30’
c) 60’
d) 15’
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: tan (2Ǿ)=2τ/[σ(x) – σ(y)].
and y axes respectively. Also the shear stress acting is 20N/mm². Find the maximum normal stress.
a) 90
b) 92.4
c) 94.2
d) 96
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: σ=[σ(x) +σ(y)]/2 + √( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).
and y axes respectively. Also the shear stress acting is 20N/mm². Find the minimum normal stress.
a) 45.4
b) 47.6
c) 48.2
d) 50.6
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: σ=[σ(x) +σ(y)]/2 – √( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).
6. If compressive yield stress and tensile yield stress are equivalent, then region of safety from maximum
principal stress theory is of which shape?
a) Rectangle
b) Square
c) Circle
d) Ellipse
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The equation of four lines is given by σ1=± S(yt), σ2=±S(yc) Now given S(yt)=S(yc), hence the
region of safety is of square shape.
7. Maximum Principal Stress Theory is not good for brittle materials.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Experimental investigations have shown that maximum principle stress theory gives good
results for brittle materials.
8. The region of safety in maximum shear stress theory contains which of the given shape
a) Hexagon
b) Rectangle
c) Square
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In maximum shear stress theory we have the following equations: σ1= ±S(yt)
σ2= ±S (yt), σ1 – σ2 =±S (yt) assuming S(yt)=S(yc).
9. The total strain energy for a unit cube subjected to three principal stresses is given by?
a) U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/3

b) U= [(σ₁²+σ₂²+σ₃²)/2E] – (σ₁σ₂+σ₂σ₃+σ₃σ₁)2μ
c) U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/2 is the basic formula. After substituting values of έ₁, έ₂ and έ₃, we
get the expression b.
10. Distortion energy theory is slightly liberal as compared to maximum shear stress theory.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The hexagon of maximum shear theory falls completely inside the ellipse of distortion
energy theorem.
1) A circular bar is subjected to an axial force and shear force, the difference between two principle
stresses is 120 Mpa. Based on maximum shear stress theory what is the factor of safety, if elastic limit of
the bar is 300 Mpa?
a. .5
b. 2
c. 2.5
d. 3
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: 2.5
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

2) According to maximum strain energy theory, failure of material due to complex stresses occurs when
total stored energy per unit volume at a point ___________
a. reaches the value of yield point
b. reaches the value of strain energy stored per unit volume at yield point
c. reaches the value of strain energy stored per unit volume at elastic limit
d. exceeds total strain energy caused by uniaxial stress at elastic point
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: reaches the value of strain energy stored per unit volume at elastic limit
Explanation:
3) For designing ductile materials, which of the following theories is/are used?
a. Maximum shear stress theory
b. Shear strain energy theory
c. Both a. and b.
d. None of the above
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: Both a. and b.
Explanation:
4) St. Venant's theory is also known as maximum _________
a. principle stress theory

b. shear stress theory
c. principle strain theory
d. strain energy theory
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: principle strain theory
Explanation:
5) According to Coulomb's theory, material subjected to complex stresses fails, if ________ shear stress
induced in the material exceeds _______ shear stress at the yield point.
a. minimum, maximum
b. maximum, minimum
c. maximum, maximum
d. minimum, minimum
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: maximum, maximum
Explanation:
6) In simple tensile test, when maximum principle stress reaches the value of yield point, the material
subjected to complex stresses fail. This theory is called as ________.
a. Coulumb's theory
b. Rankine's theory
c. Venant's theory
d. Von Mises theory

Answer Explanation
ANSWER: Rankine's theory
Explanation:
7) Which theory gives satisfactory results for brittle materials?
a. Maximum shear stress theory
b. Maximum principle stress theory
c. Shear strain energy theory
d. None of the above
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: Maximum principle stress theory
Explanation:
8) In maximum principle strain theory, maximum principal strain for no failure condition is ________
a. e = (σx - σy )/ E +τ2
b. e = qmax ≥ qyp
c. e = σyp / E
d. none of the above
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: e = σyp / E
Explanation:

9) Principal stress of 30 Mpa and -70 Mpa acts on a material which has elastic limit stress in simple
tension and compression as 60 Mpa and 200 Mpa respectively. Specify the reason for failure of the
material assuming maximum principle stress theory.
a. Compression
b. Tension
c. Unpredictable
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: Tension
Explanation:
10) Shear stress energy theory is called as ______
a. distortion theory
b. Von Mises theory
c. both a. and b.
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: both a. and b.
Explanation:
Maximum principal stress theory is applicable to
(a) Ductile materials
(b) Brittle materials

(c) Composite materials
(d) None
(Ans:b)
Under maximum principal stress theory, maximum principal stress is equal to
(a) Allowable stress in tension
(b) Allowable stress in compression
(c) Allowable stress in shear
(d) None
(Ans: a)
Maximum principal theory is also known as
(a) Guest Theory
(b) Beltrami Theory
(c) Rankine Theory
(d) None
(Ans: c)
Maximum principal theory is also known as
(a) Beltrami Theory
(b) Maximum normal stress theory
(c) Saint Venant’s theory
(d) None
(Ans: b)
Maximum principal stress is equal to
(a) (σx + σy)/2 + [ (σx –σy)2 + τ2]0.5
(b) (σx + σy)/2 + 0.5 [ (σx –σy)2 + τ2]0.5
(c) (σx + σy)/2 + 0.5 [ (σx –σy)2 + 4τ2]0.5

(d) None
(Ans: c)
Maximum shear stress theory is also called as
(a) Beltrami theory
(b) Coulomb’s theory
(c) Haigh theory
(d) None
(Ans: b)
(a) Beltrami theory
(b) Haigh theory
(c) Tresca theory
(d) None
(Ans: c)
(a) Guest’s theory
(b) Haigh theory
(c) Rankine theory
(d) None
(Ans: a)
Maximum shear stress theory is applicable to
(d) None
(Ans:a)
Under maximum shear stress theory, maximum shear stress is equal to
(a) Allowable stress in tension
(b) Allowable stress in compression
(c) Allowable stress in shear
(d) None
(Ans: c)
Maximum shear stress is equal to
(a) (σ1 –σ2)/2
(b) (σ1 + σ2)/2
(c) (σ1 + 2σ2)/2
(d) None
(Ans:a)
Maximum principal strain theory is applicable to
(d) None
(Ans:b)
Maximum principal strain theory is also called as
(b) Haigh theory
(c) St.Venant’s theory
(d) None
(Ans: c)
Maximum principal strain is equal to when σ1 and σ2 are tensile
(a) (σ1 –µσ2)/E
(b) (σ1 + µσ2)/E
(c) (–σ1 –µσ2)/E
(d) None
(Ans:a)
Maximum total strain energy theory is also known as
(b) Haigh theory
(d) None
(Ans: b)
(b) St.Venant’s theory
(c) Beltrami theory
(d) None
(Ans: c)
(a) Huber theory
(b) Rankine theory
(d) None
(Ans: a)
Maximum total strain energy is equal to
(a) (σ12 +σ22)/2E
(b) ( σ12 +σ22+ 2µ σ1 σ2)/2E
(c) ( σ12 +σ22— 2µ σ1 σ2)/2E
(d) None
(Ans: c)
Maximum total strain energy theory is applicable to
(d) None
(Ans:b)
Shear strain energy theory is also known as
(a) Huber theory
(b) Rankine theory
(c) Mises-Hencky theory
(d) None
(Ans: c)
(a) Von Mises Theory
(b) Coulomb’s theory
(c) Rankine theory
(d) None
(Ans: a)
(a) Coulomb’s theory
(b) Distortion energy theory
(c) Rankine theory
(d) None
(Ans: b)
Shear strain energy is equal to
(a) [( σ12 +σ22+ (σ1 + σ2)2]/12E
(b) [( σ12 +σ22 + (σ1 — σ2)2]/12G
(c) [(σ12 +σ22 + (σ1 + σ2)2]/12G
(d) None
(Ans: b)
Maximum total strain energy theory is applicable to
(d) None
(Ans:a)
Question No. 48
The principal stresses at a point inside a solid object are σ1=100MPa σ2=100MPa and σ3=0MPa. The
yield strength of the material is 200 MPa. The factor of safety calculated using Tresca (maximum shear
stress) theory is nT and the factor of safety calculated using von Mises (maximum distortional energy)
theory is nV. Which one of the following relations is TRUE?
(A) nT=(32√)nV
(B) nT=(3√)nV
(C) nT=nV
(D) nV=(3√)nT
Show Answer
Answer : (C) nT=nV
Subject : Machine Design Topic : Failure Theories
Question No. 29
Which one of the following is the most conservative fatigue failure criterion?
(A) Soderberg
(B) Modified Goodman
(C) ASME Elliptic
(D) Gerber
Show Answer
Answer : (A) Soderberg
Question No. 53
A machine element is subjected to the following bi-axial state of stress: σx=80 MPa; σy=20 MPa; τxy=40
MPa.If the shear strength of the material is 100 MPa, the factor of safety as per Tresca’s maximum shear
stress theory is
(A) 1.0
(B) 2.0
(C) 2.5
(D) 3.3
Show Answer
Answer : (B) 2.0
Question No. 121
The uniaxial yield stress of a material is 300 MPa. According to Von Mises criterion, the shear yield stress
(in MPa) of the material is ______.
Enter Your Answer Here
Show Answer
Answer : 171 to 175
Question No. 220
Which one of following is NOT correct?
(A) Intermediate principal stress is ignored when applying the maximum principal stress theory
(B) The maximum shear stress theory gives the most accurate results amongst all the failure theories
(C) As per the maximum strain energy theory, failure occurs when the strain energy per unit volume
exceeds a critical value
(D) As per the maximum distortion energy theory, failure occurs when the distortion energy per unit
volume exceeds a critical value
Show Answer
Answer : (B) The maximum shear stress theory gives the most accurate results amongst all the failure
theories
The Theory Of Failure Which Gives Fairly Good Results For The Ductile Materials Is
A.Hooke’s law
B.Maximum shear stress theory
C.Maximum principal stress theory
D.Maximum strain energy theory
E.Maximum shear strain energy theory
Identify The Correct Statement
A.All materials undergo plastic deformation

B.A completely brittle material would not fracture at elastic limit
C.Brittleness is an important engineering consideration, because it allows the materials to redistribute
localized stresses
D.In elastic materials yield stress and tensile strength are practically identical
E.A metal which is brittle in tension may be ductile under hydrostatic compression
Shear Stress Theory Is Applicable To
A.Ductile materials
B.Brittle materials
C.Plastic materials
D.Elastic materials
E.Visco-elastic materials
In Case Of Ductile Materials The Theory Of Elastic Failure Generally Applied Is0
A.Maximum principal stress theory

B.Maximum shear stress theory
C.Maximum strain theory
D.Maximum total strain energy theory
E.Distortion energy theory
The theory of failure suitable for brittle materials is
[A]. distortion energy theory [B]. maximum strain energy theory
[C]. maximum shear stress theory [D]. maximum principal stress theory
Answer: Option D
1) Euler's formula is applicable only _________
1. for short columns
2. for long columns
3. if slenderness ratio is greater than √(π2 E / σc)
4. if crushing stress < buckling stress
5. if crushing stress ≥ buckling stress
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 2, 3 and 5
c. 3 and 4
d. all of the above
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: 2, 3 and 5
Explanation:
2) What is the safe load acting on a long column of 2 m having diameter of 40 mm. The column is fixed
at both the ends and modulus of elasticity is 2 x 105 N/mm2? (F.O.S = 2)
a. 120 kN
b. 124 kN
c. 130 kN
d. 150 kN
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: 124 kN
Explanation:

3) Rankine-Gordon's empirical formula is applicable for _____
a. long column
b. short column
c. both a. and b.
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: both a. and b.
Explanation:
4) What is the value of Rankine's constant for cast iron?
a. 1 / 750
b. 1 / 1600
c. 1 / 7500
d. 1 / 9000
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: 1 / 1600
Explanation:
5) The ratio of effective length and least lateral dimension for short column is _______
a. > 12
b. < 12
c. ≥ 12
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: < 12
Explanation:
6) In Euler's theory, long columns having the ratio of (Le /LLD) ≥ 12 fail due to _______
a. crushing
b. buckling
c. both a. and b.
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: buckling
Explanation:
7) Slenderness ratio is the ratio of effective length of column and ________
a. lateral dimension of a column
b. least radius of gyration of a column
c. maximum radius of gyration of a column
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: least radius of gyration of a column
Explanation:
8) What is the relation between actual length and effective length while determining crippling load for
a hollow rectangular cast iron column having both ends fixed?
(where L= actual length and Le =effective length)
a. Le = L
b. Le = L/2
c. Le = 2L
d. Le = 4L
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: Le = L/2
Explanation:
9) While determining crippling load, the effective length of solid circular bar is 1/ √2 of actual length if,
_______
a. both ends of solid circular bar are fixed
b. both ends of solid circular bar are hinged
c. one end is fixed and one is free
d. one end is fixed and other end is hinged
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: one end is fixed and other end is hinged
Explanation:

10) If the effective length of a column is twice the actual length, then the column is ________
a. fixed at both the ends
b. hinged at both the ends
c. fixed at one end and free at the other end
d. fixed at one end and hinged at the other end
Answer Explanation
ANSWER: fixed at one end and free at the other end
Explanation:
This set of Machine Design Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Buckling of
Columns”.
1. Piston rod is an example of column.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An slender machine component having its length considerable in proportion to its width
qualifies for a column criterion.
2. Bucking of column means

a) Lateral deflection
b) Axial deflection
c) Torsional deflection
d) None of the listed
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Buckling is characterised by lateral deflection but it is different from lateral deflection as
there is sudden lateral deflection in buckling unlike lateral deflection where there is gradual deflection.
3. Slenderness ratio is [l= length of column and k= least radius of gyration of cross section about its axis].
a) l/k
b) k/l
c) l/2k
d) k/2l
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is a ratio of length to least radius of gyration.
4. Columns with what slenderness ratio are not designed with respect to buckling but are designed for
compressive stresses.
a) >1
b) <1
c) >30
d) <30
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When slenderness ratio is <30, there is no effect of buckling.
5. If slenderness ratio=45, which mode of failure will dominate?

a) Buckling
b) Compressive Stresses
c) Both buckling and compressive stress
d) Can’t be stated
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If slenderness ratio>30, column shall be more prone to buckling.
6. Short column and long column are classified on the basis of

a) Slenderness ratio
b) Diameter
c) Length
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Slenderness ratio takes into consideration length and radius of gyration and thus is
preferred.
7. Cast iron column with a slenderness ratio of 75 are

a) Short Columns
b) Long Columns
c) Very short columns
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Cast iron column with a slenderness ratio <80are short columns.
8. Steel columns with a slenderness ratio of 95 are

a) Short Columns
b) Long columns
c) Very long columns
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Steel columns with slenderness ratio <100 are classified in short columns.
9. Which of the following are true for End fixity coefficient

a) Dimensionless number
b) Used in Euler’s equation
c) Provides condition of restraint at two ends
d) All of the listed
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: It is a dimensionless number used in Euler’s equation to take into account the restraints at
the two ends.
10. Value of end fixity coefficient for both hands fixed is

a) 1
b) 4
c) 2
d) 0.25
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Lower the mobility higher is the end fixity component.
Question.1. The load at which a vertical compression member just buckles is known as
(a) Critical load
(b) Crippling load
(c) Buckling load
(d) Any one of these
Question.2. A column that fails due to direct stress is called
(a) Short column

(b) Long column
(c) Medium column
(d) Slender column
Question.3. A column whose slenderness ratio is greater than 120 is known as
(a) Short column
(b) Long column
(c) Medium column
(d) Composite column
Question.4. The direct stress included in a long column is………….. as compared to bending stress.
(a) More
(b) Less
(c) Same
(d) Negligible
Question.5. For long columns, the value of buckling load is……………..crushing load.
(a) Less than
(b) More than
(c) Equal to
(d) None of these
Question.6. The slenderness ratio is the ratio of
(a) Length of column to least radius of gyration
(b) Moment of inertia to area of cross-section
(c) Area of cross-section to moment of inertia
(d) Least radius of gyration to length of the column
Question.7. Compression members always tend to buckle in the direction of
(a) Vertical axis
(b) Horizontal axis
(c) Minimum cross-section
(d) Least radius of gyration
Question.8. A column has moment of inertia about X-X and Y-Y axis as follows
IXX=4234.4 mm4
IYY=236.3 mm4
This column will buckle about
(a) X-X axis
(b) Y-Y axis

(c) It depends upon the applied load
(d) None of these
Question.9. The Rankine formula holds good for
(a) Short column
(b) Long column
(c) Medium column
(d) Both short and long column
Question.10. A column of length 4m with both ends fixed may be considered as equivalent to a column
of length ………….with both ends hinged.
(a) 2 m
(b) 1 m
(c) 3 m
(d) 6 m
Question.11. According to Euler, the buckling load for a column is given by . In this
equation, the value of x for a column with one end fixed and other end free is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 1/2
Question.12. According to Euler, the buckling load for a column is given by . In this
equation, the value of x is minimum when
(a) Both ends fixed
(b) One end fixed, other free
(c)Both ends hinged
(d) One end fixed other hinged
Question.13. Rankine’s formula is generally used when slenderness ratio lies in between
(a) 0-60
(b) 0-80
(c) 0-100
(d) Any value
Question.14. Euler’s formula is not valid for mild steel column when slenderness ratio is
(a) More than 100
(b) Less than 100
(c) Less than 80
(d)More than 80
Question.15. An electric pole is 6.5 m high from the ground level. Its effective length for design purposes
will be
(a) 6.5 m
(b) 3.25 m
(c) 13.0 m
(d) 12.0 m
Bending of beam occurs under

(a) Axial load
(b) Transverse load
(c) Direct load
(d) None
(Ans: b)
Buckling of a column occurs under

(a) Axial load
(b) Transverse load
(c) Direct load
(d) None
(Ans: a)
Pure Buckling occurs in a

(a) Short column
(b) Medium Column
(c) Long column
(d) None
(Ans: c)
Pure Buckling uses the equation of

(a) Rankin-Gordon
(b) Euler
(c) Stiffness
(d) None
(Ans: b)
A steel column is a short column when the slenderness ratio is

(a) >120
(b) <30
(c) >30
(d) None
(Ans: b)
A steel column is a long column when the slenderness ratio is

(a) >120
(b) <30
(c) >30
(d) None
(Ans: a)

(a) >120
(b) <30
(c) >30
(d) None
(Ans: b)

(a) >120
(b) <30
(c) >30
(d) None
(Ans: b)

(a) >120
(b) <30
(c) >30
(d) None
(Ans: b)
A steel column is a medium column when the slenderness ratio is

(a) >120
(b) <30
(c) >30
(d) None
(Ans: c)
With identical beam and column, buckling occurs as compared to bending under a
(a) Lesser load
(b) Larger load
(c) Equal load
(d) None
(Ans: a)
Nature of stresses produced in buckling and bending are

(a) Same
(b) Different
(c) Only tensile
(d) None
(Ans: a)
Keeping loading same but increasing the length, normal stresses in a beam will
(a) Increase
(b) Decrease
(c) No change
(d) None
(Ans: a)
Keeping loading same but increasing the length, shear stresses in a beam will
(a) Increase
(b) Decrease
(c) No change
(d) None
(Ans: c)
Keeping loading same but increasing the length, normal stresses in a long column will
(e) Increase
(f) Decrease
(g) No change
(h) None
(Ans: b)
A long column with fixed ends can carry load as compared to both ends hinged
(a) 4 times
(b) 8 times
(c) 16 times
(d) None
(Ans: a)
A long column with fixed ends can carry load as compared to cantilever column
(e) 4 times
(f) 8 times
(g) 16 times
(h) None
(Ans: c)
The materials which have the same elastic properties in all directions, are called
(A) isotropic
(B) brittle
(C) homogeneous
(D) hard
A
MCQ No - 2
The slenderness ratio of a vertical column of a square cross-section of 2.5 cm sides and 300 cm length, is
(A) 200
(B) 240
(C) 360
(D) 416
MCQ No - 3
The region of the cross-section of a column in which compressive load may be applied without
producing any tensile stress, is known as the core of the cross-section. In circular columns the radius of
the core, is
(A) one-half of the radius
(B) one-third of the radius
(C) one-quarter of the radius
(D) one-fifth of the radius
MCQ No - 4
The radius of gyration of a squar section is not proportional to
(A) square root of the moment of inertia
(B) square root of the inverse of the area
(C) square root of the moment of inertia divided by area of the section
(D) side of squar
MCQ No - 5
The length of a column, having a uniform circular cross-section of 7.5 cm diameter and whose ends are
hinged, is 5 m. If the value of E for the material is 2100 kN/cm2, the permissible maximum crippling load
will be
(A) 1.288 kN
(B) 12.88 kN
(C) 128.8 kN
(D) 288.0 kN
Struts are load carrying members of a frame structure which are subjected to
(A) axial tension loads
(B) axial compressive loads
(C) torsional loads
(D) transverse loads
The greatest eccentricity which a load W can have without producing

tension on the cross-section of a short column of external diameter D and
internal diameter d, is
Euler's formula states that the buckling load P for a column of length l,
both ends hinged and whose least moment of inertia and modulus of
elasticity of the material of the column are I and E respectively, is given by
the relation
Rankine-Golden formula accounts for direct as well as buckling stress and

is applicable to
(A) very long columns
(B) long columns
(C) short columns
(D) intermediate columns
Answer
D
Maximum deflection of a cantilever due to pure bending moment M at its

free end, is
The ratio of the effective length of a column and minimum radius of

gyration of its cross-sectional area, is known
(A) buckling factor
(B) slenderness ratio
(C) crippling factor
(D) none of these
Answer
B
MCQ No - 12
A long vertical member, subjected to an axial compressive load, is called
(A) a column
(B) a strut
(C) a tie
(D) a stanchion
Answer
A
MCQ No - 13
Columns of given length, cross-section and material have different values
of buckling loads for different end conditions. The strongest column is one
whose
(A) one end is fixed and other end is hinged
(B) both ends are hinged or pin jointed
(C) one end is fixed and the other end entirely free
(D) both the ends are fixed
Answer
D
MCQ No - 14
The slenderness ratio of a vertical column of square cross- section of 10
cm side and 500 cm long, is
(A) 117.2
(B) 17.3
(C) 173.2
(D) 137.2
Answer
C
MCQ No - 15
The equivalent length of a column fixed at one end and free at the other
end, is
(A) 0.5L
(B) 0.7L
(C) L
(D) 2L
Answer
D
The equivalent length of a column fixed at both ends, is

(A) 0.5L
(B) 0.7L
(C) L
(D) 2L
Answer
A
MCQ No - 17
A column is said to be of medium size if its slenderness ratio is between
(A) 20 and 32
(B) 32 and 120
(C) 120 and 160
(D) 160 and 180
Answer
B
The radius of gyration of a section of area A and least moment of inertia I

about the centroidal axis, is
For calculating the allowable stress of long columns. The empirical
formula σ0=σy/n⁢(1-a(L/r))
(A) Straight line formula
(B) Parabolic formula
(C) Perry's formula
(D) Rankine's formula
Answer
A
MCQ No - 20
The equivalent length of a column of length L, having both the ends hinged,
is
(A) 2L
(B) L
(C) 0.5L
(D) 0.7L
Answer
B
The equivalent length is of a column of length L having both the ends fixed,
is
(A) 2L
(B) L
(C) L/2
(D) 0.7L
Answer
C
MCQ No - 24
The ratio of crippling loads of a column having both the ends fixed to the
column having both the ends hinged, is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Answer
D
MCQ No - 25
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) The structural member subjected to compression and whose dimensions are small as compared to its
length, is called a statement
(B) The vertical compression members, are generally known as columns or stanchions
(C) Deflection in lateral direction of a long column, is generally known as buckling
(D) All the above
Answer
D
is the equation for Euler's crippling load if

(A) both the ends are fixed
(B) both the ends are hinged
(C) one end is fixed and other end is free
(D) one end is fixed and other end is hinged
Answer
B
is the equation of Euler's crippling load, if

Answer
C
Slenderness ratio of a long column, is

(A) area of cross-section divided by radius of gyration
(B) area of cross-section divided by least radius of gyration
(C) radius of gyration divided by area of cross-section
(D) length of column divided by least radius of gyration
Answer
D
The equivalent length of a column of length L, having one end fixed and
other end hinged, is
(A) 2L
(B) L
(C) L/2
(D) 0.707L
Answer
D
The equivalent length of a column of length L having one end fixed and the
other end free, is
(A) 2L
(B) L
(C) L/2
(D) 0.707L
Answer
A
P=4⁢π2⁢EIL2 is the equation of Euler's crippling load if

Answer
A
The radius of gyration of a rectangular section (depth D, width B) from a

centroidal axis parallel to the width is
As per the Euler's theory, failure in column will be by
(A) Buckling
(B) Crushing
(C) Crippling
(D) Crippling and buckling

A
MCQ No - 32
Euler’s formula for mild steel column is not applicable if slenderness ratio is less than
(A) 80
(B) 160
(C) 240
(D) 320
MCQ No - 33
Euler’s Crippling load of a square column cross section will be _____ if its side is doubled
(A) 2 times
(B) 1/2 times
(C) 16 times
(D) 1/4 times
MCQ No - 34
Euler’s column theory is applicable only if _____ stress are negligible in comparison to _____ stress
(A) Bending, axial
(B) Axial, bending
(C) Shear, bending
(D) Axial, shear
MCQ No - 35
A rectangular column has dimensions B x D (whereD > B) and different end conditions in both
directions. The column will buckle in the direction
(A) In which slenderness ratio is larger

(B) In which slenderness ratio is smaller
(C) of B
(D) of D
Factor of safety and safety factors are _____

(A) Same
(B) Different
(C) Equal
(D) None
Answer
B
MCQ No - 37
A column is having initial curvature and is loaded by axial load. The axial
load carrying capacity of column _____ due to initial curvature
(A) Increase
(B) Remains same
(C) Decreases
(D) Depends on modulus of elasticity
Answer
C
MCQ No - 38
The formula which can be used for column load to account combined effect
of bending and direct stresses is
(A) Perry's formula
(B) Euler's formula
(C) Rankine's formula
(D) Straight line formula
Answer
A
MCQ No - 39
Euler's theory is applicable for
(A) Short column
(B) Any column
(C) Long column
(D) Intermediate column
Answer
C
MCQ No - 40
Euler's theory is applicable when
(A) Column is initially straight
(B) Self weight of column is accounted in analysis
(C) Column fails by crushing
(D) Cross section is non-prismatic
Answer
A
MCQ No - 41
"If a column has length p m, its Young’s modulus is 200GPa and moment of
inertia 1000000 mm4 and is hinged at both ends. The Euler’s load shall be"
(A) 100000N
(B) 200000N
(C) 400000N
(D) 20000N
Answer
B
MCQ No - 42
Struts are load currying members of a truss structure which are subjected
to
(A) Axial tensile loads
(B) Axial compressive loads
(C) Torsionla loads
(D) Transverse loads
Answer
B
1. Time dependent permanent deformation is called ________________.
(a) Plastic deformation (b) Elastic deformation
(c) Creep (d) Anelastic deformation
2. Figure-out the odd point in the following
(a) Proportinal limit (b) Elastic limit (c) Yeild point (d) Fracture point
3. If a material is subjected to two incremental true strains namely ε1 and ε2, then the total
true strain is
(a) ε1 * ε2 (b) ε1 - ε2 (c) ε1 + ε2 (d) ε1 / ε2
4. Engineering stress-strain curve and True stress-strain curve are equal up to

(a) Proportional limit (b) Elastic limit (c) Yeild point (d) Tensile strength point
5. Value of Poisson’s ratio for ionic solids in the range of
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4
6. Hydrostatic stress results in the following
(a) Linear strain (b) Shear strain (c) Both linear and shear strains (d) None
7. High elastic modulus in materials arises from
(a) High strength of bonds (b) Weak bonds (c) combination of bonds (d) None
8. Change in elastic modulus for ordinary materials between 0K and melting point is
(a) 10-20% increase (b) 10-20% decrease (c) 80-90% decrease (d) 80-90% increase
9. Bauschinger effect
(a) Hysteresis loss during loading and unloading (b) Anelastic deformation
(c) Dependence of yield stress on path and direction (d) None
10. Shape of true stress-strain curve for a material depends on
(a) Strain (b) Strain rate (c) Temperature (d) All
11. Toughness of a material is equal to area under ____________ part of the stress-strain
curve.
(a) Elastic (b) Plastic (c) Both (d) None
12. True stress-strain curve need to be corrected after
(a) Elastic limit (b) Yield limit (c) Tensile strength (d) no need to correct
13. Following condition represents onset of necking
(a) εu = n (b) εu = 1-n (c) εu = 1+n (d) εu = ln (1+n)
14. As compared with conventional stress-strain curve, the true stress-strain curve is
(a) Above and right (b) Below and right (c) Above and left (d) Below and left
15. According to distortion-energy criterion, yielding occurs when
(a) Distortion energy reaches a critical value
(b) Second invariant of the stress deviator exceeded some critical value
(c) Octahedral shear stress reaches a critical value
(d) All
16. von Mises and Tresca criteria give different yield stress for
(a) Uni-axial stress (b) Balanced bi-axial stress (c) Pure shear stress (d) All
17. Plastic deformation results from the following
(a) Slip (b) Twinning (c) Both (d) None
18. Time dependent recoverable deformation under load is called ____________
deformation.
(a) Elastic (b) Anelastic (c) Elastic after-effect (d) Visco-elastic

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1.

Explanation: This is the convention used.

Explanation: τ(max)=√( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).

Explanation: tan (2Ǿ)=2τ/[σ(x) – σ(y)].

Explanation: σ=[σ(x) +σ(y)]/2 + √( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).

Explanation: σ=[σ(x) +σ(y)]/2 – √( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).

7. Maximum Principal Stress Theory is not good for brittle materials.

d) None of the mentioned

σ2= ±S (yt), σ1 – σ2 =±S (yt) assuming S(yt)=S(yc).

a) U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/3

c) U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/4

d) None of the mentioned

Explanation: This is the convention used.

Explanation: τ(max)=√( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).

Explanation: tan (2Ǿ)=2τ/[σ(x) – σ(y)].

Explanation: σ=[σ(x) +σ(y)]/2 + √( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).

Explanation: σ=[σ(x) +σ(y)]/2 – √( [σ(x)-σ(y) ]²/2² + τ²).

7. Maximum Principal Stress Theory is not good for brittle materials.

d) None of the mentioned

σ2= ±S (yt), σ1 – σ2 =±S (yt) assuming S(yt)=S(yc).

a) U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/3

c) U= [(σέ) ₁ + (σέ) ₂+ (σέ) ₃]/4

d) None of the mentioned

No explanation is available for this question!

a. reaches the value of yield point

d. exceeds total strain energy caused by uniaxial stress at elastic point

No explanation is available for this question!

a. Maximum shear stress theory

b. Shear strain energy theory

d. None of the above

ANSWER: Both a. and b.

No explanation is available for this question!

4) St. Venant's theory is also known as maximum _________

a. principle stress theory

c. principle strain theory

d. strain energy theory

ANSWER: principle strain theory

No explanation is available for this question!

ANSWER: maximum, maximum

No explanation is available for this question!

d. Von Mises theory

ANSWER: Rankine's theory

No explanation is available for this question!

7) Which theory gives satisfactory results for brittle materials?

a. Maximum shear stress theory

b. Maximum principle stress theory

c. Shear strain energy theory

d. None of the above

ANSWER: Maximum principle stress theory

No explanation is available for this question!

d. none of the above

No explanation is available for this question!

No explanation is available for this question!

10) Shear stress energy theory is called as ______

b. Von Mises theory

d. none of the above

ANSWER: both a. and b.

No explanation is available for this question!

Maximum principal stress theory is applicable to