;+:yfkslk+ M k'ik/Tg ;fu/, k"0f{sfhL tfd|fsf/, /Tgdfg l;+ t'nfw/, s'n wd{/Tg t'nfw/

bF &), NofM %, Yo+NofM @*@ g];+= !!$) u'+nf÷o+nf lj=;+= @)&& efb|
;Nnfxsf/ ;DkfbsLo
k|f= do\h' k|]dzflGt t'nfw/ cflbjfl; lbj;
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 of dxf ;ef+ O=;+= !(($ of l8;]Dj/ @# tfl/v;\
;~rfns ;ldlt l/hf]n';g $(÷@!$ wf/f kf; ofgf x/]s cui6of ( tfl/v s'Gx'
efh' k'ik lrqsf/ ljZj cflbjf;Lof cGt/f{li6«o lbj; sy+ xg]u' 3f]if0ff h'u' vM . ;g\
efh' ltns k|sfz !(() Yo+jn] /fi6« ;+3+ ;g\ !((# oft ljZj cflbjf;L cGt/f{li6«o
efh' gjLg lrqsf/ lbj; xg]u' 3f]if0ff h"sy+ jof+lnkf x/]s bF;+ ljZj cflbjf;L lbj;
efh' k'ik/Tg t'nfw/ g]kfng+ xgf jof Rj+u' vj . j+u' ;fn+ cflbjf;L efiff of sy+ xg]u'
ofju' vj ;f cfj jOu' ;+= @)@@ lg;]+ @)#@ ts lembF ljZj
;Dkfbs tyf k|sfzs cflbjf;L of efiff of cGt/f{li6«o efiff lbj; ljZj Aoflk xg]u' Uj;fn
do\h' ?lSdgL >]i7 Ujofj Rj+u' b' . y'u'l;of cflbjf;L hghflt lbj; oft sf]le8–!(
j cflbjf;L hgtf of nlrnf]kgf tf]s]ofgf ljn . y's]+ xfg 5sf]
sfo{sfl/0fL ;Dkfbs
cflbjf;L gfk u}/ cflbjf;Lof ljefhg ofgf ljn . u'u' glthf yf}+
lem;+ ljZjo hs dv' emLu' b]zo cflbjf;L e"ld vf]gf, a'+u, afnfh'
efh' k"0f{ tfd|fsf/
of jfOkf; lrtf}g h+un cflb yf;of cflbjf;Lof j:tL ;/sf/ kfv]+
do\h' k|]dlx/f t'nfw/
8f]h/+ y'gf cflbjf;L g]jftot ;'s'Djf;L ofgf Ao'u' b' cft+s, cUgL,
cft+s cflb ljsf; of gfd+ bdg GXofsf Rj+u' b' . ;Eotfof ;'?lg;]
Joj:yfks lk+ cflbjf;L hghflt+ :yfkgf ofgf yf}+ ljZj; ;+:s[lt j snfs[lt,
efh' s'Gbg k|;fb >]i7 efiffof wlgwsf Djfsfj tju' cflb e"ld Rj+lklgu' j:tL Gx+sf 5jo]u'
efh' ;'/]Gb| eQm >]i7 s'tn h'of Rj+u' b' . cflbjf;L hghflt k|s[lt k"hs, e"ld k"hs vj .
y'ldu' e"ld x] cltqmd0f h'Ojn] ;'+g zfGt h'O dv' . xfno\ /fi6« ;+3
sDKo'6/ 6fOk–n]cfp6 of pkzfvf o'g]:sf] j cfO=Pn=cf] zfvf+of lkG; cltqmd0f yf;of
cfgGb /fpt
lg/LIf0f j cWoog ofgf j+u' b' . u'lsof lnRjtnf jOx]ltlg . t/
yf}+ of O{n;+ h'of Rj+u' ultljwL oft ;dfwfg ofo]t ax' eflifs ax'
hflto cflbjf;L lk+ GXoHofo]t cfj ofu' jftfj/0f+ nFk' r"nnfju'
yfs"÷d'b|s oft Sjft's] dfj . cn]hs emLu' cflbe"ld cflbjf;L emLlk+ yft+ Rjg]
l8«djS;{ lk|G6;{ bO{ . Yjn+k' Tjlkmtls emLkL cflbjf;L hghflt e"ldlxgh'of k|jf;L
sf7df8f}F, (*%!))%!&& h'Odfln y's]ljs[lt dh'Os GXofo] kmo]dfn .

;Dks{ sfof{noM !^% 8fFkm] dfu{ aa/dxn sf=d=g=kf= !!, kmf]gM %&)%!^$, df]afOnM (*$!*)&%%@
d"= %).– tsf Od]nM thaunkanhe@yahoo.com, shrestharukmani@yahoo.com
US$ 2.00÷ef=?= %).– ;k"m w's" ef]tflxlt o]F ltnsk|sfz Vjk–* Sjf5]F . kmf]g M ^^!@$!%
yf}+sGx] no\kf}
k'ik lrqsf/, lxl; ckm;]6 lkG6;{, hdn . df]= (*$!#&@))% 1
 wn M
x:tfIf/
/]jtL/d0ffgGb >]i7 j}B #
lrgfv+
dgof jfMrfM -;Dosk7fg_ k'ik/Tg t'nfw/ %
5k' Do]+ nId0f s[i0f tfd|fsf/ %
ofsMrfDx pkTosf Û /fduf]kfn cfz'tf]if ^
k|ltefto]t g'gLu' wFjfb'u' hfM k|lt;/f ;fold *
rSs+u' lskf Û sljGb| nfn k|wfg !)
cfJxfg Û j;Gt gsdL{ æ;'–jxÆ !@
Ogfk lbns'df/L 8+uf]n !#
afv+
n+u"/ a'hf{ kf6L{ /fhf zfSo !$
tAofMu' v';L l;yo\ lh cfgGb lrqsf/ !%
lgd{nfof efUo k'ik/Tg tfd|fsf/ …:jL6x6{Ú !*
cfh' db'u' sf;f hfgsL /w'j+zL @!
Rjv+
;flxTo bz{gof tTj–ljj]rgf -dLdf+;f_ lji0f' k|eft @@
h'h' lzjb]jof of]ubfg j æb|Dd lzjsfÆ=== ;'/]zHof]lt zfSo @%
Nxf;fo\ gfujxfof wfVjf s'ly+ M tf/g=== b]ljrGb| >]i7 @*
g]jfMto\ tlhnlhO ;Dxo\ j Vo]F ;u+M s'Gbg k|;fb >]i7 #!
lgofqf
d'lQmgfy ofqf–% wL/h cdfTo #%
v“UjM Dxl;s] #(
a'v“ $)
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/]jtL/d0ffgGb >]i7 j}B

hGd g]=;= !)%@ Nx'lt k'GxL -!(*(÷)!÷)(_ lbj+ut g]=;+= !!@@ rpnf uf åfbzL -@)%(÷)!÷
@@_ yf}s
+ Gx] nokf}of k"j{ ;Dkfbs ax'kl| tefof wlg g]kfn efiffof yL yL ljwfo\ Rj;' GXofsf lbODx g]kfn
efiffof ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfg b'hM h'of lbODx cN;L erf x] drf;] g]kfnefiff of ;]jf dlbSs ofgf lbODx
g]kfn efiffof If]qo\ HjM db'Dx sd{y JolQm vM .

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 3
 g]kfn ;/sf/
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

4 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
lrgfv+

k'ik/Tg t'nfw/ nId0f s[i0f tfd|fsf/

dgof jfMrfM 5k' Do]+

-;Dosk7fg_
yM tgfg+ xfg+ 5sM
;'yof ;'lt nv+, 5Gt lh lNjs] w'g
or's g'uM RjnfM, 5+u' dltgfof ;jfM
lrQ ljz'4 ofo] lhg+ . xfg+ 5s lYjs] w'g .
b'vMof km;+ Ajosf
dn"u' cs'zn, ug+ ug+ YoDx lh dg'
b'ltg] x] dl5+s en;fh'of 5 b+ jn
g'uMof lrlv sl;s Ujo] . xfg+ 5sM Djfou' cfh'
yf}+ts lrQo\ yfMu', dfnf dfnf lNjs] w'g .
u'lng+ b' cs'zn, yM tgfg+ xfg+ 5sM
xfln;]+ lngfM Rjt'sf 5\jo] .. 5Gt lh+ lNjs] w'g
5+u' dltgfof ;jf
xfg+ 5sM lYjs] w'g+ .
n'of djMu' s'zn,
lrQo\ syx+ NjLsfM cfdfO{of tL rfGxo
a'FufMrfy]+ nv+ eo]aLs] . b'laO{w'+s'Xd lh dg'
n'of jMu' s'zn, cfn+dt h'of 5 jn
n'd+s]axu' hLjgof k}f
b'u+ ltu+ cKj]sfM xfg+5sM lKjs] w'g .
lrQo\ d'Ss s'zn+ hfo]s] . yM tgfg+ xfg+ 5sM
á á
5Gt lh+ lNjs] w'g
ljz'4 M k"j+u' z'4 5+u' dltgfof ;jfM
lrlv M lrOu' tk'u' sf xfg+ 5s lYjs] w'g .
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 5
lrgfv+

ofsMrfDx pkTosf Û
/fduf]kfn cfz'tf]if

Yj pkTosf+ yhft Sjhft wsfM ;'oft+ dkfs" .

z/0fo\ jOlk+ ;'Ot+ g+ d/0f dofM s[i0foft g+–
a?– :jf+ l;GxM w'+ w'kfoF RofsfM ;Ddfg oft
3o];'ofM ;sl;t+ dltgf lan . cn], d~h'>Loft g+
:jf+, rGbg 5fofM >4f+ n;s'; oft
jOlk+ ;sl;t+ bSj+ lan–
onYjsM:jf+ -OG›sdn_ :jf+g+y]+ OHht lan ˆj+jOlk+ bSjl;t+ kmSj lan
– s'g"g+ y]+ g:jfMu' ;'jf; lan – b]un+y]+ kljqtf lan
– u'gs]/f :jf+g+ y]+ yfoafo\ lan . – ;xcl:tTj cn] ;'/Iff lan
– k/Dk/f cn] tlhnlh ;stf+ lan
;tL g+ ;/fM lapu' ;flat ofo]t
le+Ro"tfM tODx– yg jMlk;+–
pkTosfofu' OHht sfn – u'g of abnf
gfo"u' rfo\— ljif NXjn lx+ lssfM b]uMoft x] ckljq oft
k|frLg ;Eotfofu' – ;+:s[lt y'y'F jg Û ;xcl:tTj Wjko\ jfgfM
– PstGq, cl:y/tf
u'F kfMtfM oft, v';L kmf]xf]/ oft cn] czflGt Go+sf lan .
hldg cltqmd0f oft, nM k|b"lift oft – ;Eotf gfz ofgf
hflu/o\ efiffof so]sf+ So+sn . ;ts lj:tf/ oft .
– NjxFlxlt Tjk'ofM
Yj pkTosf+– hldg j nM sDkgLto]t nMNxft .
oMdoM
6 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
pkTosfo\ Rj+u' b]uM Sjbn– pkTosf+–
kmNrf b'gf jg lgkfM VjfMkfn+ k'o];MlkGt
hLjgb/ kfMSjo\ jg l;+xb/af/ laofM–
d[To'b/ kfMRjo\ Yog . zf;sof cfzg lan .
;/sf/+ dfof jgfM zf;s to;+–
lnkfnfSs– pkTosf s'rfs'rfo\ tfgfM
;sl;of+ ln;] ;xnx ofgfM s+lqm6ofu' sFnfo\ bo]sn .
d;f+of NofM cKjo]sn . ax'/fli6«o of]hgf j pBf]uoft–
:jfF 5fofM Bf]oft y]+ k'Hoft .
r's lrs" oft– xfOa|L8 O{Zj/+–
kfls{ª:yn bo]sn Dx;Lsf j Oltxf;oft :o+sfM
5]F y'gfM– ;fd"lxs d;f+ bo]sf lan .
;ts bo]sn
pkTosfof g'uMkfo\– pln+ g+ dufgfM Old;+–
a'N8f]h/ Ajfsn . cem+ 5k' pvfg 5\on ltlg–
5'5' dAo" Oldt pkTosf+– ca' b'i6 j pkTosf Oi6 h'Odv' xF .
Kjfyo\ lkTofMlkGt– g;f gsn
gfufk'lr+ lkGt– j;t+ k'+sn – d"n g]kfnL ef;+
yfoafo\ db'lkGt – 5]Fo\ to]o+sn . g]kfnefiffo\ efo\ lxnfld slj yMx]

leGt'gf ⁄ leGt'gf ⁄⁄ leGt'gf ⁄⁄⁄

yf}+sGx] no\kf} of b'hM ;flxTosf/ k|f= k|]dlx/f t'nfw/ g]kfnof
P]ltxfl;s :s'n b/jf/ xfO:s'n -efg' dfWolds_ :s'nof
;~rfns ;ldltof b'hM b'Yof u'ln+ leGt'gf b]5f:o josof
sfo{sfno\ :s'n+ ;'yf+nfs lzIff pGglto nFo\ Uo;'Uos
GXofjg] km]o\df wsf ;'efo\ b]5ofgf .
yf}+sGx] h

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 7
lrgfv+

k|ltefto]t g'gLu'
wFjfb'u' hfM k|lt;/f ;fold

d[To' Û kmoln+rfy]+ ofsMrf ofgfM

5u" 3't's] yfs'u' zfZjt ;To Û ln£jf;f db'lk+–
psL;g+– k|ltef to]u' kk" rfgf laOu'
Xjo] dnfMlgu' j}Fzoflk+ wFjf b'lklgu' if8oGqof hfno\ tSogfM
d'v"rflk+ yMu' k|ltef Xjo]s] dv+lk+
sGxo\ Xjo]t hM lkofRj+lk+
yMu' g:jfM Og]t O{ dToj+ zxLb h'OdfMlk+ Û
Xjo]t lkofRj+lk+ Oldu' k|To]s Dxu;–
Oldu' d[To'+ Û lskfo\===
ultljlwO====
lhu' g'uM t;s+ clx{+rfM yf}+ k|ltefof ;+lskfo\====
Xo]os]t t;s+ yfs' .
ldvf hs ltl;OdfM
GXof], No" ln£jf;f db'lk+ ltOhs lh gfk+ Kok"+ jO .
t'lt+ lvgfM Tjfy+ go]dfMlklgu'
;+3if{zLn hLjg ofqfo\ Wjb"jOu' uan]+ Olk+ Hjln+HjMlk+ kf;flk+ gfk+
n;tf+ kflrgfM jO
:yfgLo Û oOk's lGx;'b+u' VjfM So+ jO .
hftLut Û uan]+–
3/fgLof ljiffQm efjgf+ Û Oldt h"u' lae]bof ljZjf;3ft+ Wjo]j+
g'uM lrOdkmofM lhyfo\–
Oldt rfsMl5+ df+of d'noy]+ Ej;'gfM Vjo]t jO .
8 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
Oldt h"u'– Old;+–
doM doM dToj+ j/0f ofMu'
Gx"lk+, k'nf+lk+of e]befj jfyfjfyf ss+ g'g]dfMu'
oM,doMof kMvfM j c;fdlos d[To' Û
ljZjf;3ftL to]u' ljiffQm lGxnfo\ NjMd+sf+ NjMd+s] yfs' vgL .
pu' lGxnf+ ‰jo\ ‰jo\ Ko"u'–
vM–
Oldu' g'uMof lrNnfo\ no\ hLjgof O{ Û
lxOldO rfo]s j]F rfo]lsOu' :jo] o+s kfgfM
Xofldu' ns;o\– ;fdfHof b'sfo] v+lk+
Oldt ofMu' ‰ofln+rf xfYofo\– n'w+s Djfo] v+lklgu'
d[To' wfM;f
lnRjMsy+– erf ofsg+ g'g] km' lh+ Û

Old;+ g'uM lrO kmOdv' . cxf] Û

nvo\ ldvf s+sfM Yj d'v"to\ xTof Û
jfyfjfyf s+sfM Ao"u'ln+ Old;+ doM doM g'g] dfMu'
cGwsf/u' cfTdxTofof Oldu' k|ltefoft g'g]t UjMu'
nFk' ts+ dflnO Old;+ . rfsMl5+of ljiffQm if8oGqof hfM
uy] cMk's NjMd+s] kmO
Oldu' d'v"u' Dxu;– j vfo"u' ;To <
Djo]lxnfAo"u' ns;+
ln;f ln;f sofM t/ cy] vM;f+–
Oldu' n'dlGt+ so\ so\ k'ofM lhtM ljZjf; b' Û
lhtM nfo\ nfo\ a'ofM ;MtfRjgL . rLxfsMu' hLjgo\ Old;+ :jygf ys"u'
k|ltefof ;Gx" rfo]s]j+===
uan]+ Olk+y]+ HjMnfMlklgu' lxl;+ kZrftfkof ld+ cjZo+ k'O–
uan]+ lxl;+ OnftMu' Oldu' lGxnf+
coRjg] yoRjg] dbo]s l5ldt dlxOlkGt Û
Oldu' n'dlGt+–
jfyfjfyf s+sf laO lhtM Û

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 9
lrgfv+

rSs+u' lskf Û
sljGb| nfn k|wfg

lh yf}+ rSs+u' Sjyfo\ cg+ wFo\ s'l; gjMy]+ tfn .

dfnf Rjgf–
rSs+u' ;u{to\ Ajof Rj+u' 5kfM lskfM . cg+ Sjo\ ldvf lbt
dGqL+ nMNxfu' tSdf v+g
ldvf tSs lbt– ;tso\ jf+5\jof tMu' kmf]x/ n'dgf jn .
nFo\ by'O{
PDa'n]G;o\ b'g] jof+ No"No" yLyL lskft v+g–
uy] lbt tSs ;f;M < lskft :j:j+
lhu' c:t Jo:tu' ns; n'dg
lh Gx"u' b]zo\– x;gft Vjof Rjg
Gx"u' Sjyfo\ Yog– ;Lu' j :ofMu' vF n'd+sfM
;f;M ldy]+ Roft–
b]o\ of dltgf Tjˆo"u' ;Mh'n . lnSs Rj+u' lskf Û
dltgfof ltk" Û
lskftou' k'rno\ d:t+ dltgfof k'v'lnO–
lhu' c:tJo:t g'uM dltgfof Dxu;o\ n's'+laof Rjg
tSs lbt . ;+;f/ Oldu' nflu+–
O{ld;+ x] bo]sf tMu'y]+ Rj+s .
Rjo\ Rjsfo\ Rj+u' lskf :jof+
anfTsf/of ;M Gxfokgo\ Yjn . jof+ lnSs Rj+u' bl;kf}t :jof
g]tf tou' Nxflt+ nM Nxfu'–
jof+ Sjo\ Rj+u' lskf kfv] ldvf jg yLyL ;Ddfgkqt vgf
10 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
g}ltstf wfu' j;M Tjt"u'y]+ tfn . Dx+ 5Dx+–
dfolalnrf+ sL ;fnf sfo]y]+ sfn .
yLyL Ono\ yLyL ;+:yfto;+ j af+nfu' lskf 3f}l5 x] dRj+
Sjvfos"u' vfbft :jof lhu' tlhnlh Û
lhu' b] Û lhu' Dxl;sf Û
dfq lhu' b] Û RjM ug KjM ug h'Os
nfrf/ h'ofM lGxnf Rj+u' vgf :jft'dt' :jfgf Rj+u' vF
dv';f sfnfkfgL ;Ldfofs] Gogf :j;f . lhu' Dxf];to\ UjMkmo\ rfMXo"y]+ rfMlxn .

bSsn] Sjo\ a;\ Û

lhu' NxfM lnSs b]o\ w}u'nf Ajo]u' lskf hs y]+ h'n
ælbJo pkb]zÆ t RjoftMu' k|m]dt vg dv';f–
ædxfg\ jf0fLÆ t Rjof tMu' cfvMt vg lskft Ajo]u'of cy{ 5' h'n .
ldvft Ujf/fUjf/f bfofM
ld RofMy]+ XofpF;] Rjg pls+ lhu' Sjyf
:o+sfM dbo]s"u' lhu' nflu+
dle+s"u' vFt ltgf tMu' Sjyf y]+ h'n .
GXok'O rflxn
g'uM3fM rRrld+s :oft . cfM xfsg+ 5sM
j gFofu' vfkf t5\ofo\ dfMu' b'
lrsLrfkfMu' rSs+u' ;u{M :jo]t
lrltSs Rj+u' rSs+u' lskfM :jo]t .
cfxf Û u'ln+ af+nfu' lskf Û g'uM, wfN5]+ TjfM, on

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 11
lrgfv+

cfJxfg Û
j;Gt gsdL{ æ;'–jxÆ

nM jfM;f d'g] Ho" /Ë+ lxOsf tMlk+–

t+ jfMu' d'g] dHo" . emL emL Njfsf tMy]+
nM nf cd[tx] vM emL yMyM Njfgf Rjgf–
t+ ljif h'of laO, pls+– emL cfhf clhlk;+
emL;+ Tjg] dHo" . GXofsf jMu' tlhnlhof–
gfof] gls+ d]lk+ lkxfF jMu'ln+ .
wOtMu' g+ b'– emLt t+ lkxfF jof+ 5'ofo\
bfF KjM Olds] ljiffn' t+ Tjg] dHo" y]+
t+ KjM emLs] . pls+–
O{ yHofMu' jMu' b' cfM emLyfo\– nM jfM;f d'g] Ho"
efo\, ;flxTo, tlhnlh, ;Dkbft t+ jfMu' d'g] dHo" .
emgemg\ tgf j+u' b', nM jfMu' hs dv'
b';'gf j+u' b' . cfMnf–
tgf j+u' ns; j O{oft sofM t+ g+ d'g] ;os] dfn
t+rfof+ 5'ofo\ < d]lklgu' kfof] HjgfM u'ln h'Ou' emL <
emL ;sn]+ 5wL 5KkF h'ofM emLu' tlhnlhof
jfM wsfM rfos] dfn . emL x] gfof] h'Odfn .
5fowfM;f– kfof] hfqfo\ kfof] hs HjgfM
n jfM;f d'g] Ho" u'ln hs h'Ou' emL <
t+ jfMu' d'g] dHo" . emLu' g]kfM d08nof
VjfMkfM k'of jOlk+ oSj b' gfof] g+ emL x] h'o] ;o]s] dfn .
knfM klts+ /ª\ lxnLlk+ oSj b' ho df+ efo\ Û ;'efo\ Û
slhoft 5v] lrOsfM dWok'/, lyld
Rjsfgfof] h'Ot jOlk+nf emg\ oSjx] b' .

12 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
lrgfv+

Ogfk
lbns'df/L 8+uf]n

yf}+sGxo\ 5Ty'+–
uf]nf j af?b+ lysM Gx'ofjMlk+ co\ ‰jftft Û
SjfMu' kmo\ gfk Tjfo\ lrgfM Ono\ Aono\ lxofRjgfM g+
lkm;Mof afuno\ XjofRjg] bFbFlg;]+ GXot'u'–
kn];fo\– 5fo\ or' dh'n
/]ld6\ofG;of 5tf+a]; ;o]s]t . lhld df+of j;M <

cy] x]– d:to;+ Ajgf Rj+u'

zxLb h'O Djfo]s NogfRj+lk+ /fhgLlt ;fAj+of
Rjfk'ln;]+– /fh hs laOdt] Oldt–
t'O;] Rj+s Xjo\ ;o]sfRjg . sfo]hs g+ dt]
cem+ XjofRjg– a? ˆjgf sf Olds]–
Rjfk'of Vjft'u' uf+ GoofM g}lts lzIff Û
GXo}k'u' Dxu; yfgfM
u'Dx+ ‰jftf h'n Gog]u' NjMd+s] dt] v+nf
b'jfto\ RjgfM cem+ u'ln dflg y]+
;'Ds ;'Ds a|z Kofs]t–
TjnxF :jofRjg lxrMlt<
bzs+ lg;]+– SjfMSjfMu' XofpFu' lx <
Dx't'x] jf+dvf;]+ . b]o\ Go+seg+ On]t===
-g]kfnL+ g]kfnefiffo\ efo\ lxnfld slj yMx]_
wofAo' cem+ tM;n+–
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 13
afv+

n+u"/ a'hf{ kf6L{

/fhf zfSo

1fgsflhbfOg+ n+u"/ a'hf{o\ w]af dkfM snfMof nfn ;nfd vF GogfM 1fgsflhbfOg+
wofu' x] db' . uan]+ Tofs] g+ dk'm . v'l;O uf cf;fs'lt ;M lkNXjO .
kfo] y]+ . æco\ co\ cf;] /] Û lhu' bfp 5SjM nf nu]
j+ t/sfl/ GofM jofu' w]af ts+ kfgfM Gxfkf h'Os] . 5Gt HjfFo\ HjfFo\ lt;f+ tLsf to] sf . cn]
a"u' bSsf] w]af ;fo]su] ' larfM oft . cn] snfMof /fhdltrf j kfgjltrflk+ y]+ Kofv+ x'nf RjF /] ÛÆ
lt;f ts+ sof xofM kft . j k~r kf08jof n7o\ efMtof £oM wSsfM jMu' vF GogfM snfDx
x] b'g . jof yM cfh'lklgu' w'sl" ks" j xgfagf NjfKkf gsn .
AofSs ln ˆofo]u' tft'gf . 5SjM lgSjM lrrLw+u' æa/fM TofO sf 5 . a/fM k'nL sf 5Gt Û 5]F
bfpO k'Osf sfn . alN;O Rj+u' g;f go] y]+ . t/ :jM;f GXofan]+ u'EF jo\ . Ejo\ GofM y]+ . Dx x] Gon]
d]u' bfpO kfgftMu' k'mSs df/fM h'n . w's
+ n lh . Ejflt+ y]+ hs h'ofM h'ofM . ===sf, vM nfls
n+u/" a'hf{ xjfODx+ GXofan]+ y]+ n+u/" a'hf{ dv' < GXofan]+ Gxfo\ Rjfd'lk+ kf;flkGt hs Rjo\
Xjft . j v'kF lt+ w:jfMDx h'h' y]+ . yM yM hfgfM yxfF jg]t yM :jxfg] h" jgf . …DxfMÚ wsfM uan]+ wfo]
go]kfM /] Ujo\kfM ofOlk+ . 1fgsflh bfOg+ e'Un'+ VjfM ;Mu' dv' .=== 5+ nf GXofan]+ yM uan]+ k' x] dk'Ou'
HofgfM 5]oF \ jgL . hfe" GXoRofgfM g+ Djfo\ r'Osf bfpO kfgf Rjg sf . yMt hs Xjfsf Rjg sf .Æ
Rj+Dx y] h'O . snfMDx Vjvdv wfn .
e'tl' nO hf y'of Rj+Dx jof snfM lrNnfo\ æGXofan]+ n+u/" a'hf{ kf6L{, n+u/" a'hf{ kf6L{ .
bgfM xfnL .– uHofMu' kf6L{ l5ldu' < TofM;f Olk+, a";f yMlk+ .
ædon lh, Yj 5]oF \ Rjg] g+ don . drfvfrf ===Olk+ nf h'h' ;jf/L h'O dfMlk+ sf . dlGq ;jf/L
g+ 5+ x] wo\kg' f RjF . === 5 h'jfMBM . 5 k~r h'O dfMlk+ sf .Æ
kf08jof k'msL . hfa 5Dx dg"of w:jfMklt+ x] cano\ x] cfsfemfsf+ n+u/" a'hf{of uf]lN6grf
Tjy'n] dk'mDx 5 . lhnf cy]+ gf+uf, yy] gf+uf .=== Sjfnf+ Sjfnf+ ;M Gofgf Rj+ ano\ 5k'rM dg"t
sf, lh nf jg sf . cfM lh yg Rj+Rjg wfM;f lrNnfo\ bgfM xfnf jMu' ;M Yjof jn .
lhtM b|fk} lt ofOltlg sf 5+ .===Æ – æ8f]h/ cft+s aGb of .Æ
aof snft+ ln;f ln;f sofM Gjfgf Rjg . – æemLu' ;Dkbf emL ;Dklt .Æ
æyMt hs GXofan]+ ofgfM slk{Gt hs gsf – æe|i6frf/of wf]K+ jfM ofsg+ To' .Æ
RjF 5 . h'h' x] h'of RjF 5, ;j]{ yfkf Û sf bNn] – æ;Qfwf/Lto\ yMlyltlkGt b'sfo]u' aGb
h'of RjF 5 .Æ of .Æ
14 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
afv+

tAofMu' v';L l;yo\ lh

cfgGb lrqsf/

lgj[lQe/0f kl/ro kq RjOtMu' Vjft'u' dfy+ dj+u' yYof SjYofMu' nF hs blg . ug+ k"m;f+
se/ b'u' ;k'mrf sd{rf/L+ lhtM nNxft . nono\ dk"m;f GXofjg] dflg . ug Tofg' rfn hLjgof
klQ+ k]G;g a}+so\ jgL cg x] sf emf;F wsfM ult cg+ x] lbO{ .
Ogfk oft . joft ;'efo laof lh cg+ lkxfFjof . Yj 5Mu' ;k'mrf hs km's] k'm;fF wGg . d]u'
lkg] nao\ Nxfto\ Rj+u' ;k'mrf k'Q'k'Osf sfo]vFlk+nf efUodfgL . 5' efUodfgL wfo] . ;]+ ;]+
:jof . Gxfkf+u' k]ho\ lhu' gf+, yfo\afno j kmf]6f] k'm+ k'mF ld+sf t'tfFof e/o\ h'OdfMkL+ n'dlgano\ .
b' . cg+ lnpg]of k]ho\ lhld ltl/do\hof gf+ lhGbuL DjfoMu'of dHhf w}u' dg j tg aNnftno\
yfo]afo\ j jOu' kmf]6f] . ;k'mrf nYofgf . lgkltg+ hs vM . sfls{u' e/o\ Djfo]u' lhGbuL clezfk
sflQs Hjgf . 5afnfrfy]+ Rj+ . ukfo;s+ rLkF . vM .
kfgf Nofvfgf :jof . lhtM lGxn] df:t] jn . nao Wjb' lkGt HjHjnkf ofo]dflkGt ofgf
uy] Rj+s ldn] HjLs bo]sftMu' . lhtM yMu' pd]/ yoft oflkGt ln;no Nxf Nxj+ Nxj+ Dx k'm
;k'mrfof kfgft gfk tof Nofvfgf :jof . lh dk'mof cf}krfl/stf Aofsf lh+ yMu' knfM ufl8
em;+u jg . k'mOano\ ofMu' lbgt lhu' GXof]g] kfs{ ofgf tof yfo GXofsf . GXof]g]of ;L6o\
n'ofjn . 5fo 5fo\ lhtM cy] x] tfMxfs]s em;'sf Nxfto\ Rj+u' ;k'mrf k'mQ jfF5jof . NxfF :6]l/Ëo\
to]jn. k'ms] kmOu' vnf Yj ;k'mlrof kfGgftM . jM sf jg . t'lt lgkf+ b'g] tof . ufl8of vfkf
pd]/gfk lwsL+ kfRo'+ jORj+kL Njo t;]+ GXo;M tM Wofs ltgf .
jn . kfo\5L hs HjLnf . pd]/+ t'+ ln;M lan . ufl8 :6f6{nf ofgf . ug jg]u' . tKo+s
dQL vF Nxfs' Nxfs'+ ;k'mrf Nxfto\t'+ x':n'+ 5]+ jg] ddGt . ljzfn ahf/o\ ;fdfg 5tf
k'Osf lh ;'lt ;'lt :jfxfg+ s'xfFjof . ;k'mrf Gofo]dflgu' n'd+;]jn . ufl8 pv] kfv] GXoft .
kfOG6of lDxrfo\ :j yg] k'mu' g+ dv' sf]6of ufl8 lazfnahf/of a];d]G6o\ kfls{Ë ofgf
vNnL to] k'mu' g+ dv' . Nxfto\ Rj+u' ;k'mlrof lh yxfF jgf . lhtM dfMu' ;fdfg dfjgf .
kfgft;]+ lhtM klt+ w:jfsf xM y]+ tfn . NoF db' . b'u' g+ afFdnf . lazfnahf/ g+ gf+ hs .
blgu' Hof tM n'd;]+ jn. y'lndl5 blg . l;wos] a|f08]8 ;fdfg wsfM 5'+ db' . :j yfo\ ts
kmOu' vMnf . kmO{ y]+ dtfn . lh hs Ho";f jg] lrlgof ;fdfg hs . go] dvgf cGgo\ bfOkL+
w'+s'u' O{ oft xfg+ 5s lnto+s] df:t] jn . lnkm Tj+sL ts+ gOkL+ lrlgoft;]+ yf}+ ;+;f/ Tjk'O{
:jof . lnxfFjg]u' nF k'ms b'gfjg] w'+sn . yfs'u' w'+sn .

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 15
 lazfnahf/+ lkxfFjof . lkg] ;8sof lhtM j+yfo ts 5' df duf 5' drf y]+
k'm6kfyo bgf . lhtM j+uM ts jg] df:t]jn . h'n . lhtM ug+ jg] d+dGt . x'nd'nof by' by'+
Dj Dj dg"to]t lvQ' Vo' Vo'+ lhu' knf pv] kfv] lh ljzfnahf/o\ t'+ jgf .
GXoft . hgafxfBMof Wjfvf lkg] bgf . tkfs+ j];d]G6o\ jgf . ufl8 :6f6{ofgf . lh tKo+s
lkg] BM gfk ldvf r' nfsf . b'g] djgfMu' tf 5]+ jgf 5jof . 5]+ Yo+sf ufl8 sDkfp08o tof .
bt . BM 5s bz{g ofo]t lh axfno\ jgf . ;k"mrf sof lh ;/f;/ yMu' sf]yfo\ jgf . ;k"mrf
hgaxfBMof b]u 5un+ gof k+hb'g] . lhtM b/fho\ tof . ;f]kmfo ˆot'gf . 5]+ ;'+ db' . ;sn]+
u/v];] Rjg . b]uM 5un+ b'kL BM to]u' ;'/Iffof yMyMu' Hofoj+kL lndYo+gL . jOu' O{ g dh'lg .
lglDt BMoft vf]/o\ s'gflan . BMv'+t kk' Ajo]sf 5]+ Hof ofODx]l;of lrof 5u" GXof]g] to]xn . a'n'+
rflxnf Rjg . BMvf]/o\ . vf]/o\nf v'+ to]t hs lrofof l;k sf sf+ jgf .
to]dfMu' v . v'+to]t s'g] dk'mt . la:o'jg] lrofof l;k ln;]+ k]G;g sof lGx 5ofgfRj+kL
dk'mDx Boft ofpFs vf]/o\ s'gf lan . lhtM Yj n'dgfjn . nf anf GXo ts lhtM ;'+ n'd+s]
n'dwg . Yj uHofMu' ;'/Iff . ko{6st Ujf Ujf dnf . clkm;+ 5]+ 5]Fo\ clkm; . ug+ jg] dnf .
jO{ . lvpFs gof kh b'g] Rj+Dx B :jofjgL . dlhdufMu' xTyfoMu' Hof g+ 5]+ x] ofo]df . cf
5' dtL tOjgL Old;F . b]of zflGt ;'/Iffof lhtM yHofu' s' Jo+s' Rofo\ Djfn . clkm;nf
5u" cb\e't gd'gf . b]uof lkg] 5rfv]/+ Rj+kL lhu' nflu rAj'u' e't'dfln y]+ . j gfkof :jfk'
NjxFof lrjxfB t;]+ k+h b'g] ofDx hgjfxfBMoft dGt .
k+hof XjtF hs t'O{ t'O{ :jof Rj+ y]+ tfn . OkL lhtM xl/x/ bfO{ n'd+;] jn . cy{ dGqfno\nf
hgjfxfB l;s+ :jtGq . xflsd . ;'yo\ la|km s]z Hjgf lkxfF jlgDx
afno\ lDxtfRj+kL g]jf d:to\u' ;M sls{u' j axgL 5]F lnYolgu' O{ Ao db' . kboft Njo]s
efo\no\ xfgfM lkxfFjORjg . lhtM lhu' efo Uj j; k'gf lHjDx . GXofano\F :j l6k 6k . nfsfF
kmo] g+ k'mOsfog y]+ tfn . lhtM Yj dlgg . y Kjfnf Kjfnf lygf RjgL . ngo\ cfO/g ofgf
efif+ vFNxfo\t a+lrtkL+ Yj d:t . df+ ca'of vFNxf tO{ . GXofano\ or' lkr' h'of lHjdfDx . cy]
aNxf GogL . ln;M slk{lgu' ef;F laO{ . lhtM Yj nf cf g+ cy] x] vM . t/ erf uy] uy] kf . cf
d:tvgf dfof jg . ;'gf+ lxgf lan HjL ˆogf+ Gxfkf lnkf y]+ lxQ'lxnf nF lkmgf dh' . nfsfF
ˆog] dkmo]s y'ldu' d] 5k'tL+ slkj{lgu' ef;F . GXofan]+ 6«fos;" hs . ;'y aMl5 BM rfxo'
ˆogf lap;f u'ln ck's lkxfF jO{ HjL yMu' efo . HjL . lnxfF aOano\ klqsft 5Kk+ j t/sf/L
df+ lbSj Dx't' Nxfgf lDxt";fF yMu' ef;F lDxt"u' Hjgf b'xfFjO{ . lGxR5L 5]+ yxfF s'xfF O? ly? hs
Gog]ano\ oO{k';] Rj+ . BMoft vf]/o\ b'g] :jygf h'of lGx 5ofO{ . uan] uan] ltl/do\h'Dx gfk
b]uMof zf]ef t+s' y]+ x] Yj d:tot g+ slk{lgu' ufl8 Rjgf lkFxf jlg . 5'+ ofgf Rj+ y]+ dRj+ .
efo g+ :jQfs lrgf Ao" y]+ tfn . Olk+ :jtGq cHofDx Jo:tDx dg" . uy] ofgf lGx 5ofgf
dh'n . Rjg HjL .

16 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
 kf;f bz/y l/6fo8{ h"u' :jblt bt . Rj+Rjlg . p:t lkxfF dh" . lrs'nf+nf emg lgefM
l/6fo8{ h";fF lg;]+ dg" x] lxnfjg . Gxfkf Gxfkf Tj;fF lg;]+ dlaptno\ sl;O{ lgefno\ Rj+Rjlg .
Gx" Gx"u' nF ahf/o\ Yog]dnflg GXofDx]l;of Jofx O? ly? h'O{ yfs'u'ln+ vO{ kmfot yn 5uM y
Ejo\ h'nsL Gx"u' ;'6o\ Ejo] jlg . j y]+ lxnf lxnf gfk tO tO{ .
;"6 lkmOkL+ Dx x] hs dg"t bO{ . cHofDx]l;of y'sy+ l/6fo8{ h"lk;F lhtM bYjL tof
yM sfo\of Olxkf oftM Gx"u' ;'6 lkmOu' vF dNxf . rfsMnL kfF kfF lDxtjn . lh g+ a'n'+ Oldu' 3]/fo
vFof voF sfo\of Olxkf :jh"ltnf ;"6 to]dflngL nf y]+ tfn . l/6fo8{ nfOkm uha x] vgL . Yj
wsfM w}ano\ cf Gx"u' ;'6 Djfn xF . b'u'nf k'nfF lbg jOltgL wsfM l;p;fF tla Yo+sjnsL 5'ofo\
ofo\ kmO{ dv't . xfg+ Gx'u' ;'6 . j+ lx:; h'Os uy]ofo\ h'Oo vgL .
ln;M lan . yM sfo\of Olxkf ano\ cy] wfO{u' cfM lhu' Hof g+ l/6fo8{ h"lklgu' Hof
dlQ x] db' . lnkf 5]+ hMkL+ ;sn]+ xf;]+nL ltlg y]+ lah'lnof lwjf, 6]lnkmf]gof lwjf, lxltof,
Gx"u' ;'6 tMu' . Sofjn, g]t cflbof lwjf k' jlgu', ef}of
lhu' 5]+ Kovflt GXofMg] Rj+Dx a]vfdfg g+ dnfOjno\ :s"no\ drf t jg]u', sfjg]u' cem
l/6fo8{ h"u' g+ t b bt . lhGbuLe/ gf;' kb+ Dxofog+ kmf]g ofgf xOano\ drf sof xof 5]+
x] l/6fo8{ h"Dx . jofu' cfly{s cj:yf GXofan]+ tO{ to]u' cflb .
lnlulnlu ;F . snfDx ;/sf/L :s"nof k|fOd/L Dxf wfo dl5+u' HoftM k'mSs SjlaOdfnL .
l6r/ . lgDxl;of sdfO{ z'4 tna hs . nono\ 5]+ 5vf+ 5' 5' ug ug b' :j h'OnfO{ . c:t
klt+ bSj k'ms k'msL . lguM afu g+ ua;F dyf . Ao:tu' ;fdfgt 5l;sy+ ldn] ofo\u' efnf g+
uan] uan] tfxfFso]s dk"mt ls C0f nu] HjLo . lhu' x] h'O{ . cn] nfnf y] ldn] ofgf dtMu'
b'vM ;'vofgf d:to]t Ajn+sn . afFnfs Aj+sn. vgf tF jO{ . dg"to] O{ cfkf bt lglSt voF g+
a]vfdfg dg" OdfGbf/ . tDx xflsDxt gfk Hof tF jo]d vgL . co h'u'ln dg"t a'x|f h" ln;]
ofo] w'+sn . ;s:ofF oM . t/ Nofst dufMu'nL GXok'O{ t+ g+ afo\ sof xOu' . GXok'O{ t+oft yfo
;'gfg+ joft cg+ yt o+s] dk'm . 5Dx xflsDx+ laO{ dHo" . Yj a'n'dL vM . drfo]s hLjg Wj:t
y Po/kf]6{ e+;f/o\ b'ano\ joft g+ gfk Ajgf ofO{u' yDx]l;ofF sQfgf RjgfMu' lhDd]jf/Lt a'n'+
o+sn . bF ab+ cg Rj;]nL+ yMu' EjfyMu' 5]+ k'Osf nNxfgf ofpFs Rjg] ;o]s]df .
Gx"u' oft . ;+rosf]if Tof;f sof erf afFnfs lhtM hLjg 5u" tAofMu' v';L l;yo\ YoF
x] bg . v't hf 5]+ . lgt afn+ tn . Kot ts y y]+ tfn . Yj v';L l5O{ k'm;f hLjg ultzLn
x] Rjg . k]G;g j lgtof afn jO{u' lwjf joft HjL . dv';f NoF blgu' O{ v';L jfl/O{ Rjgf cy]+
5]+ vr{ ofo]t Gxfkf l;s+ ck'n . t/ l/6fo8{ l;lt+jlg . Yj cd"No u' hLjgoft ultlxg ofgf
h'of u'lnrfF db'lg j Dx+ dk'mt . k'm+ k'm+ ld+ . cy]+ l;lt+ 5jo] dHo" . psL+ Yj v';L lh+ l5O x]
Gxfkf r'/f]6of s'FO{ ;f; oSj Nxfu'nL+ cf Ono\ df . kfl/ Yo+sf xfg+ Gx"u' hLjg Gx"u' sy+ GXofs]
Aono\ clS;hg sfo]df . j cfkf w}y] 5]+ hs x] df . lh+ yMu' g'u lhSjM Sjft'sf .
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 17
afv+

lgd{nfof efUo
k'ik/Tg tfd|fsf/ …:jL6x6{Ú

xl/dfg ssf j Gx'5]dfof sflsof GofDx GXofy] x] ;fs\s le+s bo]s";f+ ;jfM dbof j+y]+
DXofo\lk+ pld{nf, zld{nf, ljdnf, sdnf j h'ofjgfRjg .
lgd{nflk+ dWo] KoDx DXofo\lklgu' HofvF vM yfo\, vo\tnf lgd{nfoft g+ wfM jMlk+ db'u' dv',
Ho"yfo\ nfgfM ofpFs SjrfMu'ln+ dg x] ofpF;] oSj+ b' . u'Dx+ Hof dof;] nkm+uf h'ofM rfM rfMhs
Rj+s yM lklgu' hLjgof 3MrfM t'OsfM jofRjg . lxnfM gof–h'Olk+, u'Dx+ ;'y+lg;]+ x] c/aL ;n
t/ cy] vM;f+ bsno\ rLwLDx DXofo\ lgd{nf uofM kfxf+ r¥x] Gofo]sf hs h'Olk+, cn] u'Dx+
5Dx]l;u' HofvF hs 5'+ dh'ofM lns'gf Rj+u'ln+ nfl5+ dnfl5+ af¥xdf;]hs lDxtfM gof h'Olk+
ofgfM wfM;f cldt xfsg+ 5u" kxf/+ x] SjlrpF cflb OToflblk+ hs nfgfM clk+ x}/fg h'ofM s"
jofRj+ y]+ h'oflan . cn] æyMlk+ blgano\ x] j g;]+ dg pln nMnM dwfM . wfOu' g+ ug+ < l;Os
5Dx]l;u' g+ ttflkGt y]+ vM yfo\, Ho" yfo\, le+yfo\ l;Os+, rfo]s rfo]s+ cHofMlkGt uy] ofgfM
nfs]bM;f u'ln Ho"Æ wOy]+ lGx+ lGx+ wGbf j kL/ laof5\jo]u' < yy] ofo]u'nf yMlklgu' st{Jog+nf
sof RjgLu' . wGbf j kL/ dsof+ g+ cn] 5'ofo] dv' . g wd{o\ NjMu' Hof vM, g sd{o\ NjMu' Hof
< em+ em+ lgd{nf yf}+ :jofM sGxo\, sGxo\ :jofM vM . wfMjn wfo]j+ t'+ laO x] dfM wOu' 5' b' <
s+; :jf+dfo\ r'ln hfofjMy]+ jofM hf]egof r'ln cn] cHofMlkGt laofMDxofo\of hLjg ‰jfsno\
g+ em+ em+ hfhf+ jofRjg, j}; em+ em+ kmk'k'+ jof y'g]u'nf < Yjnf kfo\l5u'nf v x] dv't . xM===
Rjg . 5v]+nf yy] hfof jOu', j}; kmk'k'+ jOu' yy] x] h'ofM lgd{nf 5Dx]l;u' HofvF lnkfnfgfM
g+ nf k|s[ltof lgodnf vt . Yjnf :jfefljs lns'gf Rj+u' vM .
h'ofM 5'+ tM w+u' dv' . DXofo\ d:t yy] Nof;] h'h'+ lGx lat, rf lat . yf}+ wf wf+, sGXo\ wf wf+
jOano\ df+–ca'lkGt wGbf j kL/of nflv+ lrgf O{ wfM;f s'dfMof wMrfMy]+ rfM rfM lx lxpF em+ em+
xOu'nf h' x] h'n . Yj g+ :jfefljs x] vt . pls+ lagfagf Rjgf . lgd{nfof hf]eg g+ eo\eo\ la
xl/dfg ssf j Gx'5]dfof sflslklg No+ blgDx lapF jgf x] Rjg . bF g+ kmk'k'+ jgfRjg . cy] km
j x] 5Dx]l;u' hs rf+, lGx+ lrptf sfsf+ yMlk+ k'k'+ jgfM yf}+gLGofbFo\ to\h" ofM jo] w'+sn . 5v]+nf
drfo\s drfo\s n}+ ;'v" lrpF y]+ lrgfjgfRjg . DXofo\of hf]eg+ hfofjofRj+u' cj:yf vgfM æug+
Gxfkflnkfof y]+ pln g;f TjF;fo\ ?lr dbof lgd{nf a'l/sGof h'ofM 5]Fo\ x] hs yfgfRjgLDx
jgfRjg . GXofUu' gM;f+, Tj+;f+ d;fgf jgfRjg . dv'nf <Æ wOu' 5u" kL/+ g+ cldt SjlrpF jn .

18 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
Yjx] vFo\ Ono\ Aono\ a/fa/ xl/dfg ssf j 5Gx' uy] uy] æclh+u/ of g;f Bj+
Gx'5]dfof sflsof by'O æ5'ofo]u', uy] ofo]u'Æ r"nfsflaOÆ wOy] ug+ ug+ 5Dx ltl/ do\h'
wOu' vFo\ ;xnx Aofgf RjgL, lrptf g+ Kj+sf dbo]w'+s"Dx 5Dx dg"oft wfM jn . dg" le+Dx,
RjgL . lgd{nf+ b'Mv l;dfnL wsfM ;fk wGbf sof r'/f];, co\nfM wOu' u'an]+ dTjgLDx, afFdnfMu'
RjgL . joft sofM x] cKjM vFt h'ofRjgL, by'O nto\ dSo+Dx jflg Joxf]/f t;s+ af+nfgfM nhufM
by'O em;'sfM Aj]osfM . bof erf Ho"Dx g+ h"u'ln+ ælgd{nfoft ug+ vM
æcfMnf ;'+ dg"of nhufM 5u", bofM jfgL yfo\, Ho" yfo\ wfMjOÆ wfM cf:s'lt h'ofMn+ Rj+
Aoxf]/f af+nfgfM 5h' af+nfs k'sfM 55fM Bf+ Rj+lkGt y'HofMyfo\ wfM jMano\nf cldt cn]
dnfs';] tOlk+ h";f cHofMDx gfk x] HofvF ofgfM 5' dfn < cldtnf æcuMrf dfnf+b]uM rfn"Æ
Sjrfo]sf 5\jo]dfnLÆ wOu' vFo\ 5Gx' ljrfMof;] wofy]+ h'oflan . pls+ xl/dfg ssf j Gx'5]dfof
;xnx AofsfRjg . æNof;] h'ofjMDx Dxofo\oft sfls+ n;tf+ eo\eo\ lasfM ofsg+ x] HofvF SjM
yM5]Fo\ hs u'ln s'df/L ofgfM tofto]u' < ;dfh+ l5gf lan . lgd{nfoft g+ æu'ln tSs yM df+
cg]tg]u' vF NxfO, y'HofMu' vFt yMlk;+ Gxfo\k+ ca'lkGt wGbf j kL/of kxf/+ SjlrpFjo]sf to]u'
lxOs uy] ofgfM Gogf Rjg]u' <Æ Yjx] vFo\hs cfMnf pu' kxf/ lrnfjgLu' h'nÆ wofy]+ cfd}of
rf lGx+ lrptf sofM lGx 5ofgfRjg . yM df+ rf y]+ lvpFof Rj+u' VjfM a'n'x'F ltldnf y]+ lygfM
ca'lklgu' kL/ dsf{ y'ofMnf d:o' lgd{nfof VjfM rsgfjn . cn] drfo]s x] d';'d';' sfn .
g+ DXfkflnkf ofy]+ pln yf}+sGxo\ rds+, r+ r+ g+ cy] x] 5Gx' Olxkfof lb+ SjMl5gfM yMlyltlk+, j
dwfM . Gxfkf Gxfkf;f ltldnf y]+ rsgfM lygf :ofM GofMlk+ Oi6ldq lkGt AjgfM GXofOk's emMemM
RjgLu' VjfMnf cfd}of rf y]+ h'ofM lvpF;]hs wfo]s Ejo\ leO gsfM lns'gf Rj+Dx 5Dx]l;u' g+
h'of RjgLu' . 5Gx' lgd{nf+ vF jfo]s' jfo]s' dg+ laof 5\jofM ofpFs HofvF Sjrfo]sn . tMbF lnkf
dg+ yy] wofRjg– ælhu' efUoo\, lhu' sd{o\ x] hs h";f+ aNn tNn+ lgd{nfoft laof5\jo] bofM
;'gfk, u'HofMDx gfk xjg]dfMu' vM, j dXj+;]+ yMlk+ df+ ca' h'ofRjgfu'of ;f/ h'ofM ofo]dfMu'
dufOdv' y]+, h'of+ t'+ TjMtL . df+ ca'+ :jofM vgfM st{Jo g+ k"j+sfu' tfo]snf 5v]+nf tMw+u' kxf/+
Ao"yfo\ jg] x] dfnL . dHo" yfo\, dv' yfo\nf SjlrpF jofRj+u' x] lrnfj+u' y]+ tfn . cfMcldt
ks\sf+ g+ laO dv' y]+ cflv/o\ Dxofo\ drfnf vM ;dfh+ g+ vF NxfO wOu'of UofM lrs' g+ dGt .
Gxofan]+ yM5]+o\ hs Rj+Rjg] bOdv' 5Gx'nf 5Gx' wGbf j kL/ g+ dGt . pls+ xl/dfg ssf j
hGd 5]F TjMtfM sd{ 5]Fo\ jg] x] dfM . Yjnf Gxfkf+ Gx'5]dfof sfls lk;+ jMbFdl5of lnkf aNn+ yf}+
lg;]+ Gxofgf jof Rj+u' l/t x] v cem wfo]u' x] cfgGbof ;f;M lkmgfM Gx"sy+ x] hLjgof wMrfM
vM;f k|s[ltof lgou vM . ;sn DXofo\ d:to;+ t'OsfM ofpFs hLjg Xjg]u' Hof Gxofsn .
hGd h'Oj+ HjgfjOu' sd{ g+ Yjx] vM .Æ lgd{nf ±±
oft g+ 5]Fo\ Ajngf jof Rj+u' ns;+ ps';d's'; wf wf+ d wf wf+ lgd{nfof HofvF SjrfMu'
x] b+sflan . g+ GXo\nf bt . Ono\ Aono\ lgd{nf yM 5]Fo\
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 19
jo] jg]u' ofgfRj+u'ln+ ofgfM xl/dfg ssf j a'vF GogfM xl/dfg ssf j Gx'5]dfof sflslk+
Gx'5]dfof sflslk+ g+ t;s+ x] no\no\ tfM . u'an]+ l;df+ s't'+ jMDx dfsM y]+ h'n . cldu' hLjgo\
u'an]+nf GofDx txs]x]+lk+ 5 yf;+ d'gLano\ ns; pynk'yn h'Os tMe'vfo\ Ajn . cldtnf Dxu;o\
x] d]u' h'ofM t;s+ GXofOk';] RjgfM :ju{ y]+ h'of x] dv+sy+ h'oflan . cfsfemfsf+ yf}+ y'HofMu'
RjgL. b'vb a'vF Gog]dfMano\ g'uMx] tHofO y]+ h'ofM lr
y'HofMu' :ju{ y]+ h'ofRj+u' dg"of hLjgo\ 5' gMDx vf y]+ h'n . cldtnf kTofMx] ofo] yfs'ofM
h'O oM, 5' h'O doM ;'gf+ 5' :o" < ;'gf+g+ wfo] GXoo\nf Hjno\nf h'ofM co\yo\ 5'+ wfo] dkmofM
dk'm . ;'ofu' efUoo\ 5' RjoftMu' ;'gf+g+ wfo] dk'm, lskf h'of Rjg . lgd{nfof Gx" Tok" hLjgo\ Odf+
l;of g+ RjgL dv' . Yj k'mSs+ yM yMlk;+ lkgfjMu' vfrf bfof o+ y]+ jof efMtoft sfn+ cy] bfof
sd{of kmn vM . yy] x] lgd{nfof HofvF ofpFs o+s"ano\ ls+st{Joljd"9 h'ofM b'vof ;fu/o\
SjrfofM Gxo\nf hs bo] j+ blR5 ts x] xjgf bao\ h'ofRjg . y'v] lgd{nfoft g+ Dxu;o\ x]
Rjg] dv+s+ jof efMt 5'+ x] DjfMDx cfsfemfsf+ dv+sy+ yMu' hLjgo\ dnv+ sMjMano\nf jnf
x6{ P6\ofo\s h'ofM Yj w/lt+ n's'+lat wOu' b'vb :jpOF rfMDx y]+ h'of Rjg .

fk, txf
| u
] ' Og fk
Og fk, Og
g]kfn ;Djt !!$) Gx"bFof n;tfo\ lkb+u' ljz]if ljz]iffª\s y]+
yf}sGx] no\kf}of #)) Nof g+ xg]jlk+ snfsf/to\u' UjxfnL+ Rj;'gfk
:jfk'b'u' sy+of lskft tof ljz]if ljz]iffª\s lkyg]u' Uj;f UjofRjgfu' b' .
lskf Rjo\t O{sfOu'ln+ xg]jlk+ Rjldlk;+ jOu' g];+ !!$! l;Nnf uf -@)&&
;fn kmfNu'g_ tsof b'g] Uo;'Uo+u' Rj;'t ljoflbOt Ogfk ofgfu' h'n . tlhs
lkbgLu' yf}sGx] no\kf} Gxfkfy] g]kfn ufn+ lkgo\ yL yL hLNnfo\ j ljb]z
tsg+ GogLu'ln+ xg]jlk+ lj1fkg bftf+ lj1fkg ljoflbof UjxfnL ofgflb w}u'
tx|f]u' en;f sof . cy] rGbf bftf to\;+g+ k'm–rfsy+ rGbf ljoflbof yf}sGx]
no\kf}oft wL;Lnfs lkyg]u'nL tx|f]u' ltjM ljoflb w}u' en;f sof .
yf}sGx] hM

20 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
afv+

cfh' db'u' sf;f

hfgsL /w'j+zL

lhld dfF af}of lh tMlwDx Dxofo\ u+uf . lhld l;wn GXo;" sfolk+t Ajn+su] ' s" lhu' AjxM
dfF af}of GofDx d:t . lhu' Ajnxo\ s]x+ +] lshflk+ sf]Ao"jn . OlxkfM ofgf jgfu' 5]oo\ ft yMu' sd{
GofDxof s" s'ljgf Rjgf . lhu' Aos"n + o\ u'an]+ drft efkLof Rjgf . OlxkfM ofgf nfMjnf b'jno\ lhld
dKj+ . af}of nhufM uf8f Wjfgf ;fdfgt Nxoo\u' . ldh+ g+ rfs'dlx| gsfM xo]sfM dltgf hfu' ;n+
af}of nhuf g+ Gx]MDx hMoft lGx+ 55fM got wf} wf} . vF GXoyg– æu+uf 5 Yj 5]o\ jofM lhu' lhGbuL
dfF 5] Hofo\ jg]t ;'yo Kofxf jlgDx axlgltgL 5]o\ dfy+ jg . bF jbF 5+ d:t ;';f ofgf Rj+ lh lkg]
NofxfF jO{ . lh jMrflws jno\ lg;] Ko]Dx drfto\u' jgf sdo ofM jg] . bF jbF b'Mv :o";f lnkf lem;+
ttf dv' dfF h'of Oldt Ajn+so dfn . w]jf k'No ;'vl;O{ . lh+ DxfF dHo" wfo\ dkmt . lhld ldh+ g+
Djfo\s s]x+] lshflk+t ;/sf/L :s"no\ tofljrf . yMu' nF tKo+sn .
s]x+] lshflk+ gfk+ yMg+ :s"no jg]u' lhu' OR5f+ lhtM emLbF dofSs k'n] w's
+ n lhld ldh+ jfF 5\jofu'
rfGx lGxGx+ vfkf wf/f wf/f oft . d]u' boF lhg+ s]x+] cKkf h'n . lhu' GXofkg] km;+ sn . ælhld leh+nf
lshflk+ gfk :s'no\ jg]u' kSsf ofgf . OlGbofo\ yMx] hxfggfk+ Ko]kg' f Rj+u' b'Æ . lhld
jfkmo\ lgefof 5'F Ro"tf dtM;] GXofjn] y]+ dfF g+ :ogftMu' slk{lgu' 5]+ Hofo\ tSogf GXo;'
uf8f £jfgfM KofxfFjDx lhld af lGxg] x] NofxfF sfo\lk+t Ajn+sf ljof . O{lk+ NofDxrf h'n lrw+
jn . Hj/+ ldy]+ skfM Sjfgf Rjg . 5Gx' lgGx' tMw+ nhufM Hjg . y'ls x] lh+ ;Gtf]ifof ;f;M
Hof+ emf;' ngls Hj/ sf]nfO wsf lhld;+ larf Nxfgf Rjgf . 5Gx' lht Dxu;o x] dvFy] h'n .
ofgf . Hj/+ ofgf x] lhld af g+ lhlk+ k'mSsl;t GXo;'sfo\lk+ lgDx jof lht lddnvF so\so] y]+
TjtfjgM . lhu' sd{Bf] emg x] vt+ gn . :s'n wfn– æ5nf lhld af g+ yg xMu' vM lhld;+ 5Gt
jlgu' lhu' OR5f km;+ k'mOsf og . lh+ Nof;]rf xofu' dv' . 5Gt lhld;+ b'Mv ofgf gsfRjg]u' s/
h'n xF . sf]xoFlk NofDxto\u' Dx't+' nfM jo\sf Rjg db' . 5+ ofgf x] lhld ca' lhldt TjtfM jg . 5
xF . lhdL rdfF :jof xMDx ldh+gfk lh OlxkfM lhldu' 5]o+ djMu';f lhld ca' lhldt u'jn] TjMtf
ofo\df wsf s/ oft . lh 5Dx oft hs gs] jlg dv' h'O{ . 5 ug+ jof cg x] lnxfF x'F .
Djf;f+ dfFoft erf;f+ ck'Ou' vF n'ds + f lh OlxkfM lh GXo;"sfo\lk+t ln;M ljOt lhs] Do] rd]
ofgf Gx'u' cfh' lyO{t s'tM ofgf . x] dGt . lh+ jfM rfnM lhu' gfF hs u+uf dv'
lh+ Gx'u' 5]o åxfF jM;f lhu' Gx'u' sd{ dh'nM . lhGbuL g+ u+uf x] h'nM GXofjn]+ GXofgfhs jlgDx
n'vf b'jf hs lxln sd{Bf] lxnL dv' wfOu' lhtM u'an]+ l:y/ h'O{ dkmof lhGbuL sf;fo\ cfh' Hjg]
kfol5 h'n . lhld ldh+nf snfM l;Dx lgDx dk'mDx . lh+ dl;n lh u+uf h'of ug ts GXofM
sfo\lklg ca' h'of Rjg . s] x]+ lshflk+t AjnSo] jg] kmO{ <
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 21
Rjv+

;flxTo bz{gof
tTj–ljj]rgf -dLdf+;f_ lji0f' k|eft

bz{g zf:qof ljlzi6Ls/0f ofgf :jo]u' ;flxTo b'g] g+ y'lk+ ljlzi6tf oft GXoAjo]u'
oft;f ;flxTo of bz{g vFg]bO cn] plsof tTj ofM . ;fdflhs hLjgof ljefhg+ lrgfMtMu' /fHo
ljj]rgf ofo] g kmO{ . ;flxTo wofu' l;h{gfTds txno\ OgftMu' ;flxToof ljz]iftf b]zof gf+
Rjo]u' hs dv' pls b'g] cg';Gwfg, ;dLIff gfk :jfsf g]kfnL, ef/tLo, lrlgof, a]nfolt,
j d"Nof+sg g+ bof RjlgO . ljwfut ljz]iftf cd]l/sL k|mfG;]nL y]+ HjMu' ?k Dxl;sf Rj+u' b' .
gfk+ ljifout lj:tf/ g+ bof RjlgO . jfªdo efiff of cfwf/]+ g+ ljljwtf b' . cy] g Yj k'mSs+
?k+ emLu' ;flxTo cg]s sy+of j PsTj h'of ;fdfGo sy+ of GXoAjof tMu' ;flxTo vM . u'u'
Rj+' b' . cnu ljifo of yMyMu' ;}4flGts ljrf/ ljifout, ljwfut, hftLut, b]zut, ju{ut, j
j z}lnt b' . /fhgLlts, cy{zf:q, ;dfhzf:q ljZjf;ut h'of ljlzi6tfo\ AoQm ofgf tMu'
j ;+:s[lt y]+ hMu' ljifo j:t' of yMu' cfwf/ h'O . bfz{lgs lrGtg of cfwf/] g+ ;flxTo of
e"t tTjt b' cn] j ljlzi6 g+ h" . bz{go j}lzi6o\ lgdf{0f h'of Rj+u' b' . Gxfkf ;+:s[t
;fdfGo j ljlzi6 of e]b b' y]+ ;flxTo of g+ ;flxToof dlgliflkG;+ sfJo of cy{o ;flxToof
;fdfGo j ljlzi6 of ljz]iftf b' . ;flxTo oft kl/efiff ljof gf6s oft d'Vo cfwf/ gfnf tMu'
hLjgof ;dfnf]rgf wfo]u' of . cy{ oyfy{k/s vM . e/td'lgof ægf6o zf:qÆ Ozfk"j{ lgu'u'
oft aMljpu' hs dv' jf}l4s ts{, sfNklgs, ;lbO{ kfv] jMu' cn] y's] Gxfkfns uB j kB
cg'dfg j z}ln oft cfsif{0f of qmdj4oft of e]b Sogfljn . cfM ljZj;flxToof ;fdfGo
dfn]u' g+ vM . hLjgo\ of] dof] of kIf bof cjwf/0fft cGt/ k|efjL h'of jgf Rj+u' b' .
RjlgO . vMu' j dv'u', ;+of]u j ljof]u, ;kmntf /;fTds jfSo x] sfAo vM, ;flxToof d" vF x]
j c;kmntf, af+nf j af+dnf y]+ HjMu' ljkl/t z}ln vM . ;xlxtof l;h{gf x] ;flxTo vM ;flxTo
bof Rj+u'ln u'u'+ åGåfTdstf lg0f{o h'Ou' vM . ;dfhof Gxfos+ vM ;flxTo hLjgof ljrf/
ps] cy] x] j}rfl/s Ifqof åGåfTdstf+ juL{otf, -cleJolQm_ vM ;flxTo k|s[ltof cg's/0f vM
If]qLotf, hfltotf j cGt/ hfltotf of cj:yf -b]vfl;sL_ wfOu' vF kfv]+ ;flxToof bz{go\ tTj
lkHjO . ;flxTo y'hf]u' :j?k ljlzi6tf of dfn]t UjxfnL ofgf Rj+u' b' .
kIf vM . wd{ bz{g sy+ ljlzi6tf wofu' z}j, ;flxTo of d"n tTjt vM ljifoj:t',
lxGb', jf}4, zfQm, tGq, af]g, O;fO{, O:nfd wf/f efifflzNk /rgf k4lt, ljwfut, ;+/rgf,
of elQm–;flxTo vFg] bO . g]kfno b"u' hflto ljrf/wf/f jf o'u–r]tgf, p2]Zo jf cfjZostf,

22 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
k|efj jf kl/0ffd -lnRjM, y]+ HjMu' k|ju{ oft /rgfto\u' d'Nof+sg h'O{;f d]u' kfv] Yj yMyDx
cfwf/e't tTj gfn] k'm . cy] x] 36gf, kfq x] nlntsnfof bz{gof ?ko bF jO .
;+of]hg, ;+jfb, ;Gb]x, Ao+UofTdstf no ljwfg d]u' tTj vM /rgf k|lqmof, Yj ;flxTo
j cn+sf/ y]+ HjMu' ljlzi6 tTj ldn]h'of of k'mSs+ ljwfo\ b'YofO{ . :j:k'mt{ RjHofof
RjlgO . ;+:s[t ;flxTo zf:qL t dWo] e/t kIflkG;+ r"nfjMu' wfwf+ hfu?s l;h{gf of x]t'
j ljZjgfk+ u'0f, /; j l/ltoft d"n tTj oft cfsl:ds cfj]u+ lj:yfkg ofo]t :jO .
dfg]ofM wfn;f jfdg+ z}ln oft jM ljof Rj+u' t/ /rgf ue{of ?ko\ bOu' clek|]/s 36gf,
b' . efdx+ cn+sf/ oft zAbfy{ ;ª\ultof ?ko\ kl/j]z j cg'e"lt hLjgof cg]s sfo{snfk of
:jo] rfx] h" . s'Gts j clegj u'KtF Jo+UfTds nFo 5lw h'of lns'gf Rjlgu' oyfy{ vM oyfy{of
oft GXoAjof Rj+u' b' . If]d]Gb|F ;flxTo\o k|To]s lsrM vM cn] dfg; – k|lqmof g v+ M .
JolQmof cf}lrTok"0f{ ;+ult bo]df wfOu' . kfl0fgL d]u' tTj vM ;f}Gbo{ u's]+ k|s[lt oft z'4
efiff oft dxTj ljOu' ofM . ofo]u' emf]no\ n'of jO{ . k|fs[lts h}j efj :jof
;flxTo bz{g wfo]jn] ;flxlTos /rgf cnu dfgjLo cg'/fu j ;xhLjgo\ pkof]lutf
of j:t' tTj j ?k tTj oft Noof x] 5]nf j cfNxfbof u'0f+ -GXofOk'u' u'0f+_ ;f}Gbo{ tTj
ljZn]if0f ofo]u' ljrf/ j ljlw g+ vM . y's]+ lkHjOu' vM . dbo]s dufMu' x] cflj:sf/of
;dfh j ;Eotf of pTklt -ljsf;_ h'of dfgj hGdbftf vM wfo]u' cyjf ;f}Gbo{ oft j:t'
hLjg gfk :jfk' tof RjlgO . ;fdflhs >d gfk, dg"to]u' efj oft GXofjn] gfk+ b'Dx
/ pkof]lutf+ ;flxTo bz{g oft Jojl:yt ofgf eflkOu' ;'Gb/ tfof oyfy{ k|ltljlDat h'O{, u'u'
cfsf/ bo]sf ljO . ;dfhof o'uf}+ r]tgf+ ;flxTo nf}lss, pkof]uL j ;'vb g h'O{ . ;'Gb/tfof
bz{g x's]{ h'u' vFg]b' . ;fdflhs, ;befj, g}lts 1fg j}olQms j ;fdflhs lgu'ln kfv]+ h'O{, ps]+
Jojxf/ j dfgljotf of nflu k|of]hgj4 h'Ou' ldn]h'u' j ldn]dh'u'ln+ 5u' x] j:t' j ljrf/,
;flxTo of :jefljs u'0f vM . ;flxTo, ;+lut, ;+uLtof lrqsnf of k|efj py]+ jf 5u' x] h'O{
j snfo\ cGtj{:t' j ?k tTjof Pstf+ x] kmO dv' .
l;h{gfTds ;kmntf bOu' vM . d]u' tTj /rgf of d"Nof+sg gfk :jfk' b'u'
;flxTo bz{gof tTj ljj]rgf ofo]jn] bfk' vM . y's]oft ljrf/ wf/f j k4lt of cy{o\
k|ultjflb wf/f+ j:t' tTj j ?k tTj oft sfo]k'm cyjf ljrf/ wf/f j snfoft cfwf/
cfwf/e"t j cleefHo tTj sy+ gfnf Rj+u' e"t tTj gfn]k'm . vMu' b[li6sf]0f j k4ltof
b' . oyfy{oft snfTds w+u GXoAjo] an] x] k|of]uljgf 5'+ g+ s[ltof j[lQ -:jefj_ wfo]
/rgf k|efljt h'O{ . ps]+ j:t' tTj j ?k tTjo\ kmOdv' ps]+ ;flxTo bz{gof bfk'of dfkb08
åGåfTds :jfk' bof Rjg]df wofu' dfGotf oft g+ -cfwf/e"t_ dbo]sdufMu' tTj gfnftMu' b' .
cMk's x] gfnf sfO{ . ;flxTo bz{go\ zf}Gbo{ zf:q+ dxfslj b]jsf]6f sNkgf oft cfwf/tTj gflnDx
5v] snf–;flxToof If]qo pTkflbt ;f+:s[lts cn] ;Rrf k|ltef sNkgf+ of dfWod+ x] GXoAjOu'
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 23
vM . x8;g wfn;f OR5f, cg'ej, oyfy{ j kl/sNkgfof rdTsf/ y]+ HjMu' tTjt ;+of]hg+
sNkgf oft ;flxTo l;h{gf of Ko+u' cfwf/e"t ltlg l;h{gfoft ;f}Gbo{ bO . Yj Ko+u' l;4fGt+
tTj oft gfnfsfMu' b' . clek|]/s Yj Ko+u' tTj tTj lg?kgo 6]jf ljof jof Rj+u' oyfy{ vF
oft ljj]rgf ofMjn] j+ Gxfkf+ k'ms+ oft oyfy{ j ;sl;g l;o"u' vM . snf, ljrf/ j snfk"0f{
Ko+u'u' k'ms+ sNkgf b'Yofs]u' ofO{ . u'u' dfgjLo lj:tf/ of :jfk" ljgf sljtf h'O kmOdv' .
j cdfgjLo lgtf+ h'Ok'm . ljwfut ?ko\ :jo]jn] cleJolQmof ld7f; j}rfl/s ufDeLo{ j ;xh
;flxTo l;h{gf of u'lnv] tTjt k'mSs+ gfk+ ldn] ;+k|]if0fof u'0f b';f hs ;flxTo+ ;fy{stf sfo
h';f u'ln+ldn] dh" . gf6sLo åGåof cefjo\ kmO{ . uy] ls nIf dbo]s RjHof u'jn] dh" j
gf6s h'O kmOdv' wfn;f -nofTdstf_ nflnTo h'O{ g dv' cy] x] ljrf/wf/f dbos+ ;flxTo
dbo]s sljtf lg/; h'O{ . syfgs j kl/j]z, ujn]+ RjOg dv' Rjo g+ km} dv' jx] ljrf/ wf/f
efiff j lzNk rft'o{, p2]Zo j /rgfljlw, kfq of ;|f]t bz{g vM j bz{g db'u' ;flxTo dfn]u'
;+of]hg j k|ltlglw rl/q kl/j]zof oyfy{ j c;Dej vM . ;flxTo bz{gof tTj ljj]rgf Yj
x] wfM .

yf}+sGx] oft, Rjv+, jfv+, Oltxf;,

;+:s[lt cflb n]v t ljof df+ efiff
of w's'lt hfo]sf lbOt
;sn efiff ≈old, Rjld lkGt
Ogfk ofgf Rjgf .
;Dkfbs

24 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
Rjv+

h'h' lzjb]jof of]ubfg

j æb|Dd lzjsfÆ d'b|fof k|rng ;'/]zHof]lt zfSo

g]kfMof Oltxf;o\ g]kfn ;+jt\ z'? h'O w's + fM :ki6 h" jM . cy] x] lzjb]j h'h'of zf;g Ono\
lg;]+ dWosfn z'? h"u' dfg] ofOu' rng b' . tofys"u' yLyL clen]v j x:tlnlvt u|Gy g]=;+
dWosfn z'? h'Ow's + fMof 5'+ ztfAbLof Oltxf; @$# tsofu' n'ofjMu' :jo]u' b' . g]=;+ @$& of
:ki6 dh";f+ pu' Ono\ tofys"u' 5'+ 5'+ Njx+kf} 5u" x:tlnlvt u|Gyo\ lzjb]jof pQ/flwsf/L
j x:tlnlvt u|Gyof lnw+;fo\ /f3jb]j, z+s/b]j, OGb|b]j vM wOu' g+ pNn]v b' . lzjb]j h'h'of
u'0fsfdb]j OToflb h'hl' k+;+ zf;g ofo]ws
+' u" ' ;Lb' . d]u' gf+ l;+xb]j vM wOu' vF pu' Ono\ /rgf
g]=;+= $) kfv] h'h' z+s/b]jof zf;g Ono\ ofgftMu' yLyL x:tlnlvt u|Gy j clen]v+ So+ .
/rgf ofgftMu' æk|1fkf/ldtfÆ u|Gy n'ofjMu' b' . yf}+ ts ljåfglk+;+ k|sfzg ofo]w'+s"u' lzjb]j j
cy]x] g]=;+= !)& kfv] u'0fsfdb]j h'h'+ zf;g l;+xb]jof gf+ c+lst u|Gyflen]vt cy]x] lem+Ko+u"
ofgfRj+u' Ono\ tofys"u' lzjkl/jf/of d"lt{ vg]b' . y'lsof b'g] g]=;+= @@) lg;]+ g]=;+= @$@
onb]of s'De]Zj/o\ :jo]u' b' . pln hs dv' tsof lzjb]jof gf+ pNn]v h'ofRj+u' clen]v,
uf]kfn/fh j+zfjnLO g+ pu' O{of h'h'lklgu' gf+ x:tlnlvt u|Gyt vg]b';f, g]=;+= @#! lg;]+ g]=;+=
GXoygftMu' :jo] b' . @$@ tsMof l;+xb]j h'h'of gf+ pNn]v h'ofRj+u'
k"j{dWosfnof h'h'lk+ dWoo\ 5Dx k|VoftDx x:tlnlvt u|Gyt vg]b' . j y]+ t'+ uf]=/f=j+=of
h'h' lzjb]j g+ vM . u'u' v+ uf]=/f=j+= hs dv' #! kqo\ Ko+u" yf;o\ dx]Gb|b]j, cfgGbb]j,
yLyL Njx+kf} j x:tlnlvt u|Gy+ g+ SogfRj+u' b' . ?b|b]j, cd[tb]jof af}of ?ko l;+xb]j SogftMu'
ljz]if ofgfM g]kfM b]of cy{gLltO h'h' lzjb]jof b', h'h'of ?ko\ SogftMu' db' . y'u' sf/0f+ x]
oSj of]ubfg b' wsfM ;Ls]km' . h'h' lzjb]jof lzjb]j j l;+xb]j wfMDx 5Dx AolQm vM jf lgDx
hGd g]=;+= !&& -lj=;+= !!!$_ cfiff9 s[i0f JolQm vM wOu' ljifooft sof= ljåfglklg by'O
k|ltkbf a'wjfM s'Gx' z+s/b]j h'h'of sf]v+ h"u' ljjfb h"u' ;Lb' . y'u' ljjfbof lgisif{o\ YogLsy+
vM wOu' vF uf]=/f=j=of #! kqo\ GXoygftMu' b' . ljåfg Oltxf;sf/ wgjh| jh|frfo{ ædWosflns
y'u' j+zfjnLO{ woftMsy+ h'h' xif{b]j w'+sfM g]=;+= g]kfnsf Ps k|Voft /fhf lzjb]jÆ Rj;'O :ki6
@!( kfv] lzjb]j /fhu2LO Rj+u', pu' Ono\ j ofgfbLu' b' . pu' Rj;'O lzjb]j h'h'+ k|rngo\
$@ bFofDx vM . lzjb]j h'h'+ d'Ss+ @& bF & nf xoftMu' æb|Dd lzjsfÆ d'b|f af/] g+ GXoygftMu'
/fHo ofMu' vF g+ j0f{g ofgftMu' b' . @$ kq_ . b' . cy] h";f+ j;kf]n+ b|Dd lzjsf d'b|f :jo]
u'u' v+ lzjb]jof zf;g O{ g]=;+= @$^ ts wOu' dg+u' ;Lb' . j;kf]nof lgisif{ sy+ g+ lzjb]j

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 25
j l;+xb]j wfMDx 5Dx x] vM . lzjb]j h'h'of wfld{s Hof ofMu' SogftMu' b' . yHofMu' wfld{s
d]u' gf+ l;+xb]j g+ vM wOu' :ki6 h'Ou' 5u" Hof hs dv' lzjb]j h'h'+ sLlt{k'/ zx/ lgdf{0f
k|df0f lhu' ;+u|xno n'ofjMu' tf8kqo\ RjoftMu' ofgfM jl:t ljsf; oft wOu' g+ uf]=/f=j+=of @$
5u" k'liksf jfSo g+ vM . y'u' k'liksf jfSo kqo\ pNn]v h'ofRj+u' b' . lzjb]j h'h'of sLlt{
bsn] Gxfkf+ ækf;"sfÆ klqsfof jif{ $ cÍ !) h"u'ln+ y'u' zx/of gf+ sLlt{k'/ h"u' vM wOu'
o\ lkb+u' b' . y'sL GXoygftMu' d"n kf7 yy] vM vF y'u' j+zfjnL af+nfs pNn]v ofgftMu' b' .
– !===gUgt] of]lugL u'Xo]ljBfkL7] >Ldt ;f/u sLlt{k'/oft ækbdsfi7lu/LÆ æu'+b]Æ OToflb gfd+
@===;d'Rro]if -Dxf_ x>] >L dtf]Q/]k+rlj+zltd\ g+ Dx;Llsu' rng b' . h'h' lzjb]j+ sLlt{k'/
#= ;+jt\ !!^$ r}q ;'lb & /lj lbg] zx/ hs lgdf{0f ofMu' dv', y'u' zx/o\ RjgLlk+
>Ld[ulz/ gIfq] lnlvt] hgtfof cfly{s cj:yf af+nfOu' Hof g+ ofu' b'
$= dxf/fhflw/fh k/d]Zj/ k/df wsfM pNn]v ofgftMu' b' .
dfx]:j>Ldt\ ;Lxb]j8fj4{ b|Dd lzjsf d'b|f –
%= -dfg ljho/fHo]_ sfi7d8+kfjl:yt]g h'h' lzjb]jof zf;g Ono\ h"u' yLyL
y'u' k'liksf jfSo 5u" kfgf hs h";f+ pln x] HofvFo\ 5u" dxTj+ hfMu' Hof æb|Dd lzjsfÆ
dxTj+ hfM . yf}+ts n'ofjMu' clen]v, x:tlnlvt gf+of Gx"u' d'b|fof k|rng g+ vM . u'u' vFoft
u|Gyg b]jgfu/L lnlk, ljqmd ;+jt\, sfi7d08k sofM uf]=/f=j+=of @$ kqo\ j0f{g ofgftMu' yy]
pNn]v h'ofRj+u' bsno\ Gxfkf+of k|df0f Yj x] vM – æk"j{ bDd Jojxf/ gfl:tM ;'j0f{ /lQmsf:t
h'OdfM . lj=;+ !!^$ ;fn wOu' g]=;+= @@* vM . Aojt{t] . :j>Ll;+xfs[lt ?Ko bDd Aojxf/f
y'u' sf/0f+ l;+xb]j h'h' j lzjb]j h'h' 5Dx x] s[tf . ;'j0f{doL >Llzj:of+s[lt lzjsfÍ
JolQm vM wOu' y'ls+ g+ So+ . s[ToM ..Æ cyf{t æGxfkf b|Ddof k|rng h'ofRj+u'
h'h' lzjb]jof zf;g Ono\ /fhg}lts, db', n'Fof /lQmsf -n'+t'qmf_ k|rng h'ofRj+u'
wfld{s, cfly{s If]qo\ dxTj+ hfMu' Hof h"u' b' vM . lzjb]j+ yMu' >Ll;+x gf+ c+lst jxMof b|Dd
wOu' l;Os]km' . uano\ hgtfof cfly{s cj:yf k|rngo\ xn . >Llzj c+lst n'+of lzjsfÍ
af+nfgf Rjgf cano\ hs /fhg}lts If]qo\ k|rngo\ xn .Æ y'ls+ jxMofu' b|Dd j n'Fofu'
l:y/ h'Ou', /fi6«o\ zflGt h'Ou' emL;+ l;Osf lzjsf wfMu' d'b|f g]kfM d08no\ bsl;j] Gxfkf+
sfo]km' . lzjb]j h'h'of zf;g Ono\ g+ b]zo\ cfly{s lzjb]j h'h'+ k|rngo\ xMu' vM wOu' :ki6 h" .
cj:yf af+nfgf Rj+u'ln+ /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs, cy] h";f jof+ GXoM u'u' d'b|f ljlgdoof dfWod
wfld{s If]qo\ pGglt h"u' l;Ob' . uf]=/f=j+=of h'ofRj+u' n] < wOu' g+ l;Os]dfu' b' . tTsflng
j0f{gsy+ lzjb]jof d'Vou' b]g cfly{s ljsf; yLyL clen]v b'jfnf :jt wfM;f lzjb]jof
x] vM . plsof gfkgfk+ kz'kltof b]uno\ n'Fof zf;g O{ GXoM cyf{t dWosfnof z'? Ono\ emLu'
Kjn+M Ro"u', rfFu'gf/fo0fof b]uM lh0ff]{åf/ ofMu' g]kfM d08no\ lnR5lj Ono\ k|rngo\ jofRj+u'
yLyL yf;o\ Njx+lxtL, a'FufM, k'v" bo]s"u' OToflb d'b|f x] k|rng h'ofRj+u' vM wOu' l;O+s]km' . g]kfM

26 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
d08no\ bsl;j] k'nf+u' :jtGq d'b|f O{=;+= Gofu"u' g+ k|rng h'ofRj+u' l;Ob' . yf}+ts Yj n]vsof
zbLkfv] dfgb]j h'h'+ k|rngo\ xMu' æ>L dfgfËÆ ;+u|xo\ ;'/lIft h'ofRj+u' b|Dd j lzjsf d'b|fof
j æ>L ef]lugLÆ c+lst h'ofRj+u' tfd| d'b|f vM . cfsf/ k|sf/ y'sy+ l;Os]km' .
Yj x] d'b|fof wfFrfoft sofM lnkfoflk+ lnR5lj d'=g+= ! – wft'–l;hM . jhg – # nfn .
h'h'lk+;+ g+ yMyMu' gfd d'b|f k|rngo\ xMu' rfsMof by'O æ>LÆ cfvM j d]v]klt t'lt 5kfM
l;Os]km' . lnR5ljsflng d'b|foft k0f, tfd|k0f, NXjgfM ˆot'gf Rj+Dx l;+xof cfs[lt c+lst
k'/f0f, sfiff{k0f, k0f k'/f0f, lx/0oflb OToflb gfd+ h'ofRj+u' b' .
Dx;Ls]u' rng b' . Yj vF pu' O{of yLyL clen]v+ d'=g+= @–# wft' jxM . jhg – $ nfn .
SogfRj+u' b' . lnR5lj O{of u'ln g+ d'b|f b', l;hM rfsMof by'O æ>LÆ cfvM, j d]v]/ t'lt 5kf
wft'+ bo]sftMu' hs x] vg]b' . jxM, n'F wft'+ bo]sf NjgfM ˆot'gf Rj+Dx l;+xof cfs[lt c+lst
tMu' d'b|f vg]db' . y'u' sf/0f+ n'+ofu' d'b|f j h'ofRj+u' b' .
jxMofu' d'b|f bsl;j] Gxfkf+ k|rngo\ xMDx h'h' d'=g+= $ – wft' – jxM . jhg – $ nfn .
lzjb]j vM wsfM wfo]l5+ . lnR5lj Ono\ !^ k0f rfsMof by'O æ>LÆ cfvM, y'u' >L cfvMof by'O
a/fj/ ! sfiff{k0f -! k'/f0f_, !^ sfiff{k0f a/fa/ v8\u w:jfgfRj+u' b' . d]v]/ l;+xof cfs[lt
! lx/0oflb d'b|fsy+ d"No lgwf{/0f ofgftMu' c+lst h'ofRj+u' b' .
l;Os]km' . sfiff{k0f jx=ofu d'b|f ;/x, l/0oflb d'=g+= % – wft' – jxM . jhg – $ nfn .
n'Fofu' d'b|f ;/x vM wOu' g+ l;Os]km' . yHofMu' rfsMof by'O 5v]/ æ>LÆ cfvM j d]v]/ jh|of
k0f, k/f0f gf+of d'b|f dWosfnof 5'+ zbL ts cfs[lt c+lst h'ofRj+u' b' .
k|rngo\ jofRj+u' vM wOu' k|df0f on b]of ?b|j0f{ d'=g+= ^–& – wft' – n'F . jhg *–( nfn .
dxfljxf/of yLyL td;"s kqo\ pNn]v h'ofRj+u' rfsMof by'O 5v]/ æ>LÆ j d]v]/ ælzj:oÆ
b' . g]=;+= !)# dfu{of 5u" td;"s kqo\ :jkL cfvM c+lst h'ofRj+u' b' . lnlk e'lhdf]n vM .
a"F :j;M -#))_ k0f k'/f0f laofM GofgfsfMu' vF pkz+xf/ – æb|DdÆ wfMu' bfd -bf+_ d'b|f
pNn]v h'ofRj+u' b' . cy] x] g]=;+= @@! of 5u" vM . lrUjMu' d'b|f cyf{t bsl;j] Sjo\ofu' txof
td;"s kqo\ GofkL a'F !)% k0f k'/f0f sofM d'b|foft bfd wOu' rng b' . uy]ls km'sf bf+,
aGws -afM8«fM_ tMu' vF pNn]v h'ofRj+u' b' . lnkf r'bf+, hfjbf+ OToflb . lzjb]jof yLyL d'b|f g+
jofM y'u' d'b|f bSj a'n'x'F tgfjg . plsof yf;o\ bfd x] vM . g]kfM b]of u'ln g+ d'b|f b' j bSj+of
b|Dd lzjsf d'b|f+ yfo\ sofxn . yf}+ts k|sfzgo\ wd{–;+:s[ltO :jfk" b' wOu' vF wfo]dfMu' db' .
jMu' yLyL clen]v sy+ b|Dd j lzjsf d'b|f uf]kfn/fh j+zfjnLO j0f{g ofgftMu' v+ j y'u'
pNn]v h'ofRj+u' g]=;+= @($ of tf8kqo\ :jo]u' d'b|fo\ c+lst h'ofRj+u' cfsf/ k|sf/oft t'ngf
b' . y'u' clen]v ;+zf]wg d08n clen]v ;+u|x– ofgfM cWoog ofo]ano\ l;+xb]j j lzjb]j wfMDx
bf]>f] efu k|=!# o\ k|sfzg h"u' vM . y'u' d'b|f 5Dx x] h'h' vM wOu' 5n{Ë h" .
bSj dxLGb| dNn+ Gx"u' d'b|f k|rngo\ xo] w'+sfM Vjk, ;'s'Wjfvf

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 27
Rjv+

Nxf;fo\ gfujxfof wfVjf s'ly+ M

tf/g zfSoh"of n'd+lt 5kf;M b]ljrGb| >]i7

;+bz] o\ g]kfnof on gu/+ jgfRj+lk Jofkf/Lto\ jfxfof tLy{Hof]lt–df]ltHof]lt wfVjf lklgu' s'ly
s'lyof v+ k|sflzt h"u' vlgdb' . ono\ gfujxfM vM . Yj x], s'lyof b'hM nIdLHof]lt wfVjf g+ lhtM
of wfVjfto\ g+ Nxf;fs'ly b'u' l;of Yj v+o\ 5Sj g+ yMlklg j+hfsy+ GxfkfnfSs Jjgfo+su" ' vM . Yj
b'jfnf :jo\u' tfQ'gf pv]/ jgfjno\ Gofvf r'so\;+ s'lyoft cg …Uof–5f]ª vfªÚ wfOu' h'ofRjg .Æ
tf/g zfSoh" gfknfgf eltrf vNxfjNxf h'n . d'Ss+ lxGb':yfg cyf{t\ ef/toft ;+o\ ef;+
jo\sM g+ Nxf;fo\ wfVjfs'ly x] GXofsfjDx h'of Uofu/ wfOu' . pls+ ef/tof dfn;fdfg hs dLu'
Rjg . xfsg+ jo\sM vf; wfVjfM vnM dv';f+ y'ld k;M cyjf Jofkf/ oft\ cg …Uof–5f]ªÚ gf+ k|rlnt
s'lyof 5u" Ajlt+ sof x] Nxf;fo\ jgf RjDx h'ofM h'n . d]du] ' wfVjf s'ly kfv]+ g+ cg Yjx] Jofkf/
jo\sMof x] n'dl+ t sy+ Yj Rj;" GXoygfu' h'n . Gxofsf Rj+u' vg]b' .
cn], tf/0f zfSoh"oft lhu' Gxo; < æl5 jgfu' …tLy{Hof]lt–df]ltHof]ltÚ wofu'
æl5 Nxf;f jgfu'of k[i7e"ld 5'+ b'nf ls < wfVjf s'lyoft l5+ cg u'sy+ GXofsf Rjgfu' vM
l5slklg jf}jfHoflk+ g+ pv]/ emfMu' b'nf <Æ 5Sj sgflb;+ <Æ
ælhld cj' s'naxfb'/ zfSo, Nxf;f j+un ' f ælh jgfu' wfVjf s'lyoft dfMdfu' lxGb':yfgL
db', t/ 5Sj ;+bz ] of x] s'lt -Gofnd\_ ts Yo+u' ;/;fdfgof js' 5f]of xo\t lh 5Dx GXofjn]+ …:ofM
h'of Rjg . cg Rj+jno\ :yfgLo s'G;fª wofDx l;dfÚ kfv]/ jgf Rjg]dfu' h'n . y'sy+ ;ldt;]+
;ld+ln;] Tjfo\lrgf jMu' h'ofRjg . j+ s'tL ;+o\ …oft'ªÚ wofu' yfo\oft, ;+bz ] of k'jL{ l;dfGt k|bz]
j}BHof ;gfRj+ul' n+ lnkf g]kfno\ jofM o]+ 5qkf6L gfnftu' b' .
…s'Gkm]ª cf}ifwfnoÚ of gfd+ ;ld+jf;M Hofs'ly æl;lSsdof gfy'nf e~Hofª Sjxf+ jofln
rfo\sf Rj+u' b' . joft lh+ ylklg cj'of Nofv+ ;+bz] of k"jL{ ;LdfGt nfuf …oft'ªÚ vM . yg c+uh
]| to\
TjfoJjf wfo\dfn .Æ kfn+ lg;]+ …r]skf]i6Ú :yflkt h'ofRjg . cy] h'of
æl5 yMx] Nxf;f jgfjno\ u'u' s'lykfv],+ ujn] yg ef/tof x'nfs j j]tf/of -Wireless_ c8\8f g+
emfofu' v <Æ b' . Yj k'mSs+ ;+/rgfoft lnofhf]+ clkm; -Liason
ælh Nxf;f jgfu' nf ;+= @)!@ ;fn+ vM . Office_ ;Dks{ sfof{no wsf g+ k|rlnt h'n .
pyfo\ lh NofoDxof j}; + o\ Yog]ws+' n . lh a"u' ;+= …ef/tof Jofkf/Lto\t y'u' yf;ots jof
!((@ ;fnof Nofv+ gLb+of j}; + Yo+gfln lh pv]/ Rjg]u,' Jofkf/ Joj;fo ofo\u' :jLs[lt ;+bz ] of
jgfu' wfo\ dfn . lh jgfu' Jofkf/ ;+:yf gfu ;sf{/ kfv]+ x] ljoftMu' h'ofRjg . pls+ ef/tof

28 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
df/jf8L– s}o+ f t yg YjM YjM oSsj x] b' . y'lds]
x] Nxf;foft dfSsf] 3/fo;L ;/;fdfgof …c8{/Ú
ljofM lhld;+ GofgfM js' bo\sfM Nxf;f rnfgLHof
ofgfM lh5Dx nf yg x] yft+ wofy]+ Rjg]dfMu'
cj:yf h'n .Æ
æy'sy+ Nxf;fo\ yMlklg wfVjfM s'ly rfn"
ofo\t lhld nIdLHof]lt ;fx' g+ Gxfkf j+hfMsy+
Ajgf o+M;f tlj lnkf cg lhu' Hof j lhDd]bf/Loft
:jofM yMlklg s'lyof x] 5u" Ajltsy+ x] lhtM
gfnfsfn . y'ls+ ofgfM lhu' g+ ;fx'to\ ;/x
OHhto\ Rjg] vg .Æ
æl5 Rjgfu' Nxf;f s'lyof y'jft yf}sGx] ;'+
blgnf <Æ df+ db'u' nl5bt wsfsg . pyfo\ Gxfkfof dltgf
ælh Rjgfu' …tLy{Hof]lt–df]ltHof]ltÚ wfVjf v+ n'dgfM lhu' g'uM ufSs+ x] dl5gf jn . 5'ofo\
s'lyof y'jft cfM ;'+ x] dbo\ws +' n . lhld ;fx' k|f/Aw :jLsf/ x] ofo\dfn .Æ
nIdLHof]lt wfVjfof cg ;ldgL snfM b'ul' n+ æy'sy+ lh Dxofo\ 5Dx Nxf;fo\ RjgfM yMu'
jo\sM yM kl/jf/;lxt Nxf;fo\ Rjgflbu' vM . Joj;fo tfM nfgfM lhld dflxnfDx sfo\ wg]Gb|
lnkf jo\sM yM snfM drft Hjgf x] g]kfno\ Sjxf+ zfSo a/fa/ pv]/ jgfM yMu' Jofkf/ GXofsf
emfn . cfM jo\sM g+ dbo\ws +' n .Æ Rj+u' b' . g]kfn+ yfª\sft Hjgfjg]u' Hof bof j+nf
æl5u' g+ cg yMu' x] kl/jf/, b'nf ls <Æ lrlgof efiff gfk+ ;o\sfM Nxf;fof v]k cMk'su] '
ælhg+nf NofoDxof j}+;o\ Nxf;f jgfu'ln+ n+k" v+s] w's
+ n .Æ
yMlklg ;fx'to\u' k|efjnf SogLu' x] h'n lg . y'sy+ tf/g zfSob"of yMu' x] Nxf;fs'ly
cgnf lhldt ;ldgLt;]+ x] Xo]sM jOu' . pls+ofgfM db';f+ Nxf;f s'lyof yMu' pQ/flwsf/ GXofsfj+
lhu' g+ cg kl/jf/ bt, DXofo\ 5Dxnf cg x] Rjgfu' v+ sgf lbn . Yj g+ 5u" lj:s+ x] pknlAw
blg . jofu' gf+ …5}t'ªÚ joft cg yfÍf k;M gfn]dfMu' lh+ tfof Rjgf .
to\sfM yf}sGx] Nxf;fo\ x] Rjgf Rjg . jof efMt w'u' n'dl+ t Rj Rj+, xfsg 5Sj jo\sM oft
…nf]j;fªÚ wofDx g+ cg yfªsf x] RjODx Nxf;f kfv]/ x] lnkmM :js] dfnM
lrqsf/ vM .Æ æl5 Nxf;fo\ b'an] cg vfDkft;]+ lrlgofto\
æg]kfn+ Jofkf/ k|j4{g s]Gb| kfv]+ -Trade lj?4 ljb|fx] oft dv'nf < Yjof g+ nf l5s] yMu'
Promotion Center_ g]kfnL x:tsnf k|bz{gof Hof x] cg'ej bOlg .Æ
HjgfM lh lnkf 5Sj Nxf;fo\ jgf . DXofo\ 5}tª' ævnf lh Nxf;fo\ @)!@ ;fn]+ jgfM lkb+lths
oft gfknfgf . cn], l5ld df+ uf] wsfM Gogfnf, x]+ cg Rjgfu' vM . pls;g+ lhu' O{ ckf] x] oft'ª
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 29
kfv]/ ljto\ h'n . cy];f+, lrlgof zf;g lj?4 æyg x] k'mSs+ gfknfgf 5u" x] ;d"x h'of
vDkf ljb|fx] h"jn] lh Nxf;fo\ t'+ nft . ;ld+t;] ;+bz
] Tjftf l;lSsdof gfy'nf kfv]/+ sfln+kf]ª
ljb|fx] ofOg wsfM x'Ogfe'Ogf h':o]l+ n vfDjft h'sfM lnxf jg]u' Uj;fM h'n . pls+ sGx]o\ v'Gx'
ln;] ;+ut ofgfM y'lsof b'lj:tf v+ y'Os]t lh+ lh jofu' df]6/o\ Rj+u' ;fdfg sfo\wsf jgfjno\
s'tM ofgf . y'yfo bnfO{ nfdfof ;}lgs vfDjft lhld kf;f lrlgof rfns cg dbo\ws +' n vlg .
lgDx ln;]+ lhu' Dx;Lsf h'n . Old;+ lhtM Yj v+o\ 5nkmnofgfM lrlgof xflsdt d'gf Rjg .
yMlklg b'lj:tf v+ sg]u' oft . cy] h'of lh p:t y'sy+ lrlgof 5Dx ef/to\ lj:o"j+ u+ ' vgfM lhnf
dUofgf Gxf;fo\ Rj+;f . t/, lhu' Vjfof kxM t;s+ x] ch" rfofu' vM . Yj 36gf vM ;+= @)!&
:jo\jn] lrlgof nl;+ jMu' h'ofM lht Dxdl;plk+ ;fno\ lhlk+ Nxf;f TjtfM Sjxf+jofjn]l;of . lh+
vfDjft;]n + f lrlgof wsf 5'/L+ ;" jOu' g+ h'n . :jo\nf, Yj 5u" lrlgof to\ Uj;fM g+ h'Ok"m .Æ
efUo+ lhtM wfMkfM 5'+ dh'n .Æ cfM tf/g zfSoh"of Nxf;f ofqf Sjrfo\To+jn]
bnfO{ nfdf Nxf;fo\ blgjn] x] vfDjft;]+ xfsg 5Sj GXo;M–
ljb|fx] ofMu' vM . lnkf bnfO{ nfdfoft ef/to\ æNxf;fo\ l5slklg s'ly+ u'u' kfnf lngfM Rj+u'
ljl;s]og] w's + fg+ lgSjM ts Nxf;fo\ ;z:q ljb|fx] vM <Æ
oft . pyfo\ lh+ Dx:o"Dx vfDjf ;}lgs 5Dxl;t ælhlk cg o]l+ d to\u' u'u+' kfnf lngfM
lrlgof t;]+ Hjgf o+sn vlg . v'nflt lnkfM joft dRjgf . cn], lhld;+ yMlklg x] cnu kfnf bo\sf
lrlgof+t;]+ TjMtf g+ xn . cn] j+ lrlgofto\u' g+ dRjgf . cy] h'of cg uf]vf{ jlsn c8\8fo\
rnv]n jf/] lht sg]u' oft .Æ lhldt …j]kfnfÚ wsf hg]o\ h'of Rj+u' lh+ vgf .Æ
æcg+ln lh+ lrlgoft\ ln;] g+ ;+ut ofgf æsfln+kf]Ëo\ l5slklg s'lyof l8kf] g+ b'nf <Æ
h'of . lh+ kf;f bo\sfDx lrlgof 5Dx:of lht lnkf æonof wfVjf s'ly kfv]+ yg l8kf] ujn] g+
oft'ª ts 6«s+ xofM Tjtfljn Nxf;f+ lnxfjo\Togf tMu' db' . y'lsof vfFrf] x] lhldt db' . d]dl] k
jno\ . Yj v+ @)!& ;fn kfv]/ . j g+ Nxf;f+ yMx] kfnf ;fx'to\ cfkfl;of x] sfln+kf]Ëo{\ l8kf] :yflkt
g+ lj:o'jg] To+Dx h'ofRjg .Æ h'of Rj+u' b' vlg . lhld yg l8kf] db';f+ 5'+ O{–
æYj v+ eltrf k|i6 ofo\ dfMy]+ Rj+ . Nxf;fo\ ts lhlkg+ yg Rjgf Nxf;fof j:t'l:ylt u'sy+
;ld+t:o]+ ofMu' ljb|fx] ;fDo h'Ow's
+ f g+ lrlrofto\ jgLwsf :jof Rjgf .Æ
ef/t ln;] ;DaGw :ogfj+ Rjg . y'ls+ofgfM æyg Rjgfjno\ bnfO{ nfdfof ;}lgs h'of
ef/tln;] Jofkf/of n+k" x] jGb h'Ou' lhld;+ Rj+Dx, lh+ kf;f ofgftofDx vfDjf 5Dx gfknft .
vg]wg' . cn] lhld ;fx' nIdLHof]lt wfVjf j nf bnfO{ nfdfof k'rno\ RjgfM ef/to\ jMDx
;kl/jf/ g]kfno\ Sjxf+ jo\t Nxf;f+ oft'ª tsnf h'of Rjg . bnfO{ nfdfof ef/t d'sfd wd{zfnf+
lrlgof 6«so\ x] Rjgfjo\dfn . psL lh 5DxwfM;f jof j g+ sfln+kf]Ë rfM lxpj\ jn] lh+ gfknfo\
;fx't ln;] dRjgf, lrlgof kf;fofu' uf8L RjgfM vg . j+ x] bnfO{ nfdfoft Nxf;f+ ef/to\ xofu' v+
oft'ª Yo+sM jofu' h'n .Æ JofSs lhtMsg .Æ

30 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
Rjv+

g]jfMto\ tlhnlhO
;Dxo\ j Vo]F ;u+M s'Gbg k|;fb >]i7

huto\ aF Ujf/fof pTklQ gfkgfk+ dfgj a';f+ lg;] -cem df+of KjfMyo\ Rj+;f+ lg;]+_ l;O
;Eotfof yk" h'n . ;Eotf gfkgfk+ ;+:sf/ j w'+sfM tsg+ dbo\s dufMu' tlhnlh vM wOu' vFo\
tlhnlh -;+:s[lt_ . d]u' sy+ wfo\u' vM;f ;+:sf/ lgKjfM Dx't'nf ;'ofg+ h'Odv' h'O < cy] vM ;f+
-k/+k/f_ wOu' x] ;Eotfof lr+vM . wfOgfk+ emL;+ cfMts emL;+ ofgfjofRjgfu' ;+:sf/, tlhnlh
af+nf, le+lk+ dg"to\t æuGofu' ;+:sf/L jfo\ 5fo\ofgf Rjgf < 5' vFo\ ofgf Rjgf < wsfM
uGofu' ;EoDx dg"Æ wfO . Yj ;+:sf/ wOu' emL l;plk+, lbIff b'lk+ Dxf] x] hs blg, cem wfo\dfn
dg"t a';f+ lg;]+ dl;Ots x] ofOu' vM . 5u"nf wfM;f b x] dGtnf < Gxfkf+ lg;]+ ofgfjofRj+u'
dg"of Dxl;sf wOu' x] ;+:sf/ j xgfjofRjgfu' æofo\dfMwfn, doft ls le+ h'Odv' kfknfO{ wfn
tlhnlh vM . emL g]jfMt uano\ lg;]+ g]kfMufno\ .Æ oft . vF x] l;wn . ps]+ emL;+ emLu' ;dfho\
jn wOu' vF ;'gf g+ yy] x] wsf wfo\ k'mu'nf 5' g+ tlhnlh ofo\jno\ 5fo\dfMu' < 5' vFo\
dv' . co\g+ ls/ft O{n+ lg;]+ emL g]jfM hflt ofo\dfMu' < oftls 5' h'O < doft ls 5' h'O <
g]kfM ufMno\ b'lt+jn wOu' j+ vF -Oltxf;_ b' . Yj k'mSs vF l;Osf, ;osf ofo\ bM;f, km\twfM;f
emLu' k'vf{+ bo\sf j+u' tlhnlh, gvM rvM, k'vf{+ jy]+ af+nfu' d]u' 5'+ x] bOdv' . cy] h'u'ln+ emLu'
:jgf ys'pu' emL g]jfM a';f+ lg;]+ dl;Ots+ g]jfM ;dfho\ ;Dxo\ j VoF ;uMof tfTko{ 5' vM<
ofOu' ;+:sf/ x] emL yj+ yMno\ :jfsftOu' HofeM y'lsof d" 5' vM < emL;+ l;Os] dfMu' vF vM .
vM . g]kfM b]ono\ Gxfkf+lg;]+ -cflbafl;_ Rjgf l;ofalhof Honf j+u' xlt -zAb_ vM
jofRjgfu' ln+ bsl;of dWo cKjMu' j d" b'u' :ofMjlh . jf dgfM by'O k'm:s'n' h'Os j kmf]+
tlhnlh x] emL g]jfM to\u' vM . cno\ yMu' x] hfo\s l;oftMu' alhoft l;of alh -:ofMalh_
kxn+ hfMu' ;Eotf, ;+:sf/, tlhnlh+ hfMu' emL wfO . l;of alh j alh oSj kfM . alhwfo\ano\
g]jfM ;dfh h'pu'ln+ xln+do\ cfM tsg+ g]jfMto\u' jf dgfM puMno\ -yf}sGxo\ sno\_ lrOlkm h'Os
gf+ hfofRj+u' blg . emL g]jfM to\u' ;+:sf/, klt+ lr+s Nx'of tMu' h'n . cy] x] Bg] 5aM vf]nf,
tlhnlh y]+ d]u' hft hfltof bOdv'ln+ -co]nf plsof b'g] lkln5aM ;fn'u' cno\ nfM j by'O
bSj hfthfltof yMyMu'x] kxM of tlhnlh bO, rfsnfs jf UjM nfs Dxf;'s b'u'oft Vo]F wfO .
bM;f+ emL g]jfMto\ d]lklgu' :jof la:s+u' vM_ emL g]jfM ;dfho\ ;Dxo\ j Vo]F ;u+of tMw+u'
emLu' ;+:sf/ j tlhnlhof d" x] 5u" h'O . d" b' . emLu' g]jf ;dfho\ a';f+ lg;]+ dl;Ots
pls;g+ emL g]jfMto\ ;Dxo\ j Vo]F ;u+ wfnls ofo\dfMu' ;+;sf/, tlhnlh ;Dxo\ Vo]+ ;u+ 5u"

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 31
g+ vM. ;+:s[t efo\ ;u'gof xlt Honfjgf ;u+M emL;+ ;Dxo\ alh wfO cy];f+ ;Dxo\no\ :ofM
h'pu' vM . Yj ;u+M ofu' rngnf k'nf+u' O{ alh hs tO . alh tOdv' wfo\wfM;f alh z'4u'
-kf}/fl0fs sfn_ n+ lg;]+, cem tKo+s wfo\dfn g;f h'p;f+ BMoft alh dlhp -a? Aofun+ tO_
wfM;f emL;+ xgfjof Rjgflk+ BMto\u' kfn+lg;]+ lkt[oft alh tM;f+ lhp . to\ x]dfM . ;Dxo\alh
-emL;+ c;'/ wof Rjgflklgu' ;dfho\ g+ b'_ 5'+ j 5\jo\nfalh -5'ofnfof HoMu' xlt_ oSj
le+u' Hofo\ jg]an] jf xtfMno\ jg] ano, jgfu' kfM . l;Ou'ly, 5\jo\nf e" ofOano\ ;'O BMg] tof
Hof ltKog]df jf xtfM Tofs] kmo\df wsfM 5]Fof d" xfs's 5'oftMu' xfs' 5\jo\nf x] dfM . xfs' d':of
dg' -gls+_ g+ l;Gx ltsfM ;u+Mljof 5\jOu' emL;+ gfk+ nfef, kfn', e'lt, kMdfo\, raf+ wsfM Vo]F
Gogf, Ajgf Rjgfu' x] b' . j}lbs ljrfM sy+ Gxfkf 5s"rf, co\nfnf dbo\s dufMu' x] h'n. emL g]jfM
Gxfkf BMlk+ jf h'h'lk+ xtfM VoM no\ jg]t 5'+ lj£g ;dfho\ ;Dxo\of tMw+u' yfo\ b' . 5fo\wfM;f o]FofM
dh'Odf, xtfM Tofo\dfwsfM Gxfkfnfs u0f]BM lg+ ano\ æ;Dxo\k'lGxÆ wsfM gvM x] xgfRjgf . emL;+
k'HofO . u0f]BMoft nf, Vo]F lhpu'ln+ ;Dxo hf]n+, TjfMTjfno\ ænf5s' jo\s ;Dxo\alhÆ wsfM ˆjgf
Vo]F 5fO . y'lsofgf ;Dxo\j Vo]F;uM k'nf+u' O{n+ gofjofRj+u' x] blg . cy] x] t'+ dgftMu' vo]F 5uM,
lg;]+ GXoHofgf jofRj+u' wOu' l;Ob' . Gof, cf]M, nf, co\nf Yj Goftf Hjn+ gfk tnls
;Dxo\ j ;u+M BM to\u' kfn+ lg;]+ GXoHoft Vo]F ;u+M h'n . Vo]F ;u+M oftg+ ;Dxo\ oft y]+
wOu' l;p;f+ y'lsof yk" ujn]+ lg;]+ h'nwfo\ k~rtTjof lr+ ofgf BM k'Hofo\u' ofgf jofRj+u'
yfs' . cy];f+ ;Dxo\ j Vo]F ;u+M tflGqs ljwfo\ cfMts+ g+ blg . Gxgfj+u' db'lg . 5fo\wfM;f Vo]F
nfMu'ln+ h'h' u'0fsfd b]jof kfn+ lg;]+ yk't wOu' ;u+M no\g+ Vo]Foft cfsfz, nfoft k[YjL, Gofoft
j+ vF kfv]+ Ajg] b' . h'h' u'0fsfd b]jof g'uM hn, cf]Moft jfo', co\nfoft t]hof Nofv+ k~r
cKjM wofy]+ tGq ljBfo\ Sj;fMu'ln j O{no\ lg;]+ tTjofgf ;u+ sfo\u', BMoft 5fo\u' ofgf tMu'
g]jfMto\ tlhnlhO ;Dxo\ j Vo]F ;u+M k'hfof h'n . emL dg"t Djfo\t dfMu' g+ Yj Goftflh
ljlwsy+ GXoHofHof+ jMu' vM wOu' vF kTofM aFUjf/f, nM t]h, jfo' cno\ cfsfz vM .
ofMu' h'n < tGq ljBfof yk" ef/to\ O;fof ;Dxo\ j Vo]F ;u+M wOu' tGq ljBf vM .
v'u"u' zlb+ kfv] GXoHofgf GXo\u"u' zlb+ g]kfMno\ cfkfMofgf tGq k'hf ofOano\ ;Dxo\ ygf Vo]F
b'xfFjn wOu' jF vF b' . l;of jlh -cfsf;_ tof BM k'HofO . Gxfkf Gxfkf tGq k'hfofOano\
xfs'd':of -jfo'_, kfn' -hn_, ;Gof jf s'+ Gof hLa aln wsf dg" x] ef]u ljOu' rng
-k[YjL_, co\nf -t]h_ Yj Goftf Hjn+ tnls b' . kz' aln laOu'nf cfMts g+ ofgfjof Rj+u'
;Dxo\ Hjn+ h'n . y'lsoft k~rtTj hLj blg . hLat:ofgf ef]u lan wfo\j kfknfO wsf
sy+ g+ sfo\u' ofgf tM . cy] h'pu'ln k+rjln tGqofu' an+ ;Dxo\oft ef]u laof k'hf ofOu'
k"hfo\ ;Dxo\ g+ ygfM tO[ . emL dg"to\u' Dx g+ vM . tflGqs ljwfMsy+ ;Dxo\g+ k~r tTjof lr+
k~rtTjofu' vM . emLu' Dxo\ g+ cfsfz jfo', h'pu'ln+ k~rjln k'hf g+ wfM . yGofu' k~rjln
hn, k[YjL, t]h -cUgL_ Gofu' tTj b' . wfo\t k'hf ofOano\ ;DXo\ yg]t cf]M, Gof, Vo], g+ dfM .

32 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
yy] h'Ou'ln+ emL g]jfM tlhnlhO ;Dxo\ gfk Gofgf gO . ;u+ efluofo\ wOu' x] hLjjln sfo\t
gfk+ Vo]F ;u+M jof x] Rj+u' bO . lxGb' wdf{anlDa e}nBMofs] cf1f ˆj+u' vM . -cy]nf emL;+ Vo]F
-lx+;fofOlk+_ to\;+ hs dv' a'4 wdf{anlDa ;u+M sfo\ w'+sfM go\ GXoM yM :jof ysfln jf
-clx+;f_ to\;+ g+ af}4 tflGqs ljBfM sy+ ;dGt xg]jxlkGt efluofo\ltwsf ar+sofjof Rjgfu'
eb|ofu' VjfMkfn+ rrf Do] xfnf k'hf ofOjn] blg_ j5' wfM;f blR5 Go+s emLu' hLjg /Iff
u'n'kfMno\ ;Dxo\ gfk+nf, Gof, Vo]F co\nf -pln x] h'Odf, eo tgfjg]df wsf Vo]F jf+ Gofo\u', yMu'Dx
hs ls lxGb' wd{o\ vf Vo]F;f+ lhp, af}4 wd{o\ xFo\ ;'yf+ nfo\df wsfM jf yft+ nfo\df wsf nf jf+
Vo]F dfM_ tGq ljwfo\ tflGqsfrfo{ lkG;+ tGqof Gofo]u', emLu' hLjgo\ jOu' bSj k+uM -zq'_ Gxgf
aMn+ :ofMalhoft km}, xfs'd'+:ofoft b'u', dfo\ jg]df wsf Gof jf ;Gofof 5oF jf+ GofOu', -emL;+
-cf]M_ oft Do] bo\sf BMoft ef]u -;Dxo\_ laOu' Vo]F ;u+M sfo\jno\ :jsM jf+ Gofo\dfM ofgf tMu'_
vM . cno\ gfkgfk+ co\nf Tjg]u' zlQm j t]hof lg+lt+
wfTy]+ wfo\dfn wfM;f Yj g]jf< ufMno\ emL vM;f cf]M -dfo\ jf d" a"aMof wf;f h'pu'ln+ jfo'
g]jfMto\;+ y]+ gvMrvM ;'gfg+ xlg dv' . emL y]+ of Nofvo\ tMu'_ go\u' wOu' emLu Dxo\ b'g] Rj+u'
Ejo\ Gofo\sf go\dfMlk+;'+ g+ bOdv' . db' . woftMu' ljsf/ lkt 5\jo\u', 5fo\wfM;f jfo'g+ Kjfyo\ b'g]
x] b' æg]jfM t :olgu' x] Ejo\g+Æ wsf . co\ Rj+u' ljsf/t lg] jf+ 5\jo\u' HofofO . cy] x]
h'pu'ln+ emL g]jfMto\ ttMw+u', le+u' Hofofo\jno\ u'lyano\ g+ 5\jo\nf e" wsf ;Dxo\of Bg] xfs'
ofgfu' Hof ltKog]df wsfM bsno\ Gxfkf+ ;Dxo\, 5\jo\nftof Vo]F -Ujn+, afuM, rs+l5, s'rfs'rf
Vo]F ;u+M Hjn+ tof BM -u0f]BM_ lg k'HofO . ynf raf+ Vo]F_ ;Dxo\of Bg]tO . u'lyof 5\jo\nf
Yj 5u" 5' wfM;f k+uM dbo\df wOu' kTofM vM. e" ano\ a"aM wf;f, afpFrf wf;f bo\sftO .
emL g]jfM ;dfho\ yL yL tlhnlh jofRjlg emL dg"t l;tls GXo\g'dftOano\, 3M;' ano\
uy]ls hGdlGx, df]xlg, :jlGt, so\tf k'hf, Olx, cfrfh'+ cdo\ ˆog]jno\ ;Dxo\ j rafF Vo]Fljof
afx|fM, Olxkf, u'ly y'HjM y'HjMu' . cfM emLu' hGd cdo\ ˆo+lsO . so\tf k"hfofo\ano\ bfh'lshflk+
lGxofu' x] 5u" vFNxfo\sf, emL hGd lGx ofo\ano\ bSj Rjgf Vo]F ;u+M sfO . Olxkf ofo\ano\g+ ;Ah+
u|x bzf kmfo\s]u' wsfM n'Fdlw clhdf, df+sfM gs]ano yfo\e'O Vo]F ;u+M dbos dufM .
BM, kfMnfBM sfn e}nBMoft ;Dxo\ hf]n+, Vo]F emL g]jfMto\ bso\ tMw+u' gvM vM,
tof k'hf jlg . u'Dx u'Dx:of kfq Vjnf ygfM df]xlg . lkg]lkg] xlndo\ jgfRj+lk+ yMlylt,
k~rdsf/ tof k'hf ofOlkg+ b' . Yj wfo\To+u' 5' kf;fefO, bfh'lshf, sfo\Dxofo\lk+ ;sn]+ jof
wfM;f BMoft k~ref]u ljOu' vM . Vo]F ;u+M sfo\u' xlgu' gvM, df]xlg . ysfln+ Sjsflnoft cflzif
x] emLDxoft pmhf{jfg ofo\u' vM . hLjgoft ljOu' gvM, df]xlg . df]xlgof :ofsf]Tofsf] s'Gx'
dle+ kfv]+ /Iff ofo\u' vM . co\h'pu'ln+ emL;+ kL7 kL7o\ clhdf BM e}nMBMof yfo\ kz'aln
vMkf Nxfto\ co\nf VjNrf hMkfNxfto\ Vo]F ;u+M ljOGxoM ;Dxo\ j Vo]F tof BM oft 5fo\dfM . emL
tof hLjjln ef]u sy+ ;u+M oft efluofgf jf+ cfu+Mdo\ g+ :ofsf]Tofsf] s'Gx' gfo\r'lk k'Hofgf
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 33
;Dxo\, Vo]F 5fgf kz'aln laO . kz'oft aln l5+ sy+, ofsg+ l;wo\s] dfMu'ln+ æofMu', ofgfu'
ljOjno\ rg+s kfnfM uan] laOdv' 5fo\wfM vMnf < vMÆ wfo\y]+ gvM rvM x+u'ln cno\ d" vFnf
;f rg+s kfn]ano\ lx aFo\ nfo\ w'+lsO aFo\nfMu' af+nfs ljlwk"j+s ofo\ ;Mlk, k'/]t afHof, u'?
lx BM oft dlhp, BM g+ TjlgOdv' kz'oft afHof, cfrfMh' lk+ dbof a+u'ln g+ vM . cem d]u'
uM lsofM x] BMoft DjfM lx Tj+lsO . y'lnofo\ 5tf vFnf Yj lj1fgof o'uo\ gfl:ts ljrfM wfM
w'+sfM kz'oft d'lQm ljOu' wsfM kz'ofu' 5\ogo\ oflkG;+ tGq, dGq, BM k'hfofo\u' Yj k'mSs+ æsf+
hfls, l;Gx, :jf+ g+ k'Hofgf Otf Rofsf dt kTofMÆ wfOu'ln+ofgf emLu' k'nf+k'nf+u' ;+:sf/ j
ljofM 5\oFof BMg] dt tO . yf}+sGx] oSj wofy]+ tlhnlh Gxgf jlgu' vM, u'lsofgf lnkf h'pln;]
kz' l;+xfoft ls kfknfO{ wsfM cfu+do\ Vo]Fno\ emL g]jfM hflt x] tgfjg] k'm . lnkf jOlk+ emL
g+ hLj tTj b'u'ln+ Vo]F :ofo\u' ofgf xMu' vM . k':tf to\t emL g]jfMt vM, b'wsf n'd+s]t emLu'
cfu+do\ lbIff b'lklg u'? afHof+ x] k'hfoflsO . ;+:sf/, tlhnlh No+sf ys] x] dfM . ;+:sf/,
u'?afHof lkG;+ g+ alnk'hfofo\ GxoM ;Dxo\ lg+ tlhnlh wOu' yj+ yMno\ cflTdotf, eft[Tj
5fO . bsno\ Gxfkf+ tGq ljBf sy+ hLa aln Ajn+sf to\u' 5u" Sjft'u' nFk' vM . yy]ofo\t
wsfM Vo]Foft t5\ofgf KjfM vg]u' x] uMlsOu' wfO emL;+ xg]jxMlk+ -cfMNo+blglk+_ ljåt ju{, ;+:s[t1,
cno\ plsb'g] Rj+u'nfM 5fo\u' jf Tj+s]u' DjfM u'?afHof, k'/f]lxt afHof, cfrfMh' tGq dGqof
lx Tj+s]u' vM . pln ofo\w'+sf Vo]F Ujn+ gfk+ ljBf ;Mlk u'efh' -ah|frfo{_, g]jfM ;dfho\
BMof GXoMg] tof k'hfofgf Otfdt ljOu' x] hLj xg]axMlk+ tlhnlhof GXon'jfto\;+ Ajg]s'ly
tTjoft d'lQm ljOu' vM . :jlGt gvM ano\ g+ rfo\sf+ lhnnf, :og]s'ly rfo\sf lhnnf, O{no\
nIdL k'hf ano\ ;Dxo\Hjn+ bo\sf nfUjMnflk, x] jfM rfo\sfM les]u' s'tMoft wfM;f emL;+ æemL
jfFprf, a"aM wf;f bo\sfs'+ Gof 5Dx Vo]F 5uMdgf g]jfMÆ wsf Gxfo\to\kmO . y'sy+ emL g]jfM ;+:sf/,
Ujn+ x] BM g] tof nIdL Ajwsf 5fO . :jlGt tlhnlhoft Djfsf to\kmtwfM;f xln+do\ emL;+
ano\ aln ljOdv' a? df]xlgano\ alnljof ;'v' 5\oF w:jfsf Rjg] kmO .
kfgftMu'nf nIdL Ajo\ to\dfM . ±±
emLu' Dxl;sf wOu' x] emLu' ;+:sf/, Ujfxfln ;k"m sy+
tlhnlh vM . emLu' tlhnlh Gxgfjg wfo\j != g]kfMof tflGqs BM j tflGqs k"hf – anb]j
emL g]jfM hflt x] Gxgfjg]t j]/db' . emL;+ larfM h'h÷' ;'/G] b|dfg >]i7
ofo\dk'mu'ln emL g]jfMto\ k'nf+k'nf+u' yfo\, Tjf, @= g]jfM ;+:sf/o\ cGTo]li6 ljlw j lkt[dI] f – k"0f{/fd
d'gs + dL{
jfxf, jlxn ofu'gf+ tgfjgf Rj+u' b' . plnhsdv'
#= 5\jo\nf -lemk' Xjfgf vF_ – /]jlt /dfgGb >]i7 j}B
emL;+ xgfjofRjgfu' tlhnlhg+ a'n'x'+ Gxgfjgf $= k'/f]lxt afHof j u'?jfHoflk+ gfk Gog] sg] j vgfu'
Rj+u' b' . emLu' ;+:sf/, tlhnlh Gxgf jgfRj+u' lnw+;fo\
d" x'lgnf 5u" hflto bdg gLlt, d]u' yf}+sGx]
;'of+ lnnfMu' dv' . cy]h'pu'ln+ u'ln+ l;g+ yMoft

34 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
lgofqf

d'lQmgfy ofqf–%
wL/h cdfTo

lGxgo\l;of cy]x] k]tfMlt O{no\ a;\ l/h{e a; g Sjf+jofRj+u' . lguM a;\ nFo\ GXof]g]Yof]an]+
h'n . a;o\ yf+xfj+gf ;s\n]+ l;6o\ Rj+jgf NjfONjfOy] Rj+an] yMlk+ Rj+gfj}u' a;\of rfns+
lhlk+:j+Dx wf;f Gxfkfy]+ GXof]g]of l;6o\ Rj+gf . £ofRrld+s a]|sHjgf lbsn . Sj+jofRj+u' a;g
cfM wf;f lhlk+ lnxf+jgf v'l;+ a'F kfv]/ y]+s]u' lnSs;+ y]g]j lbt . j a;of rfns+ xyf;+
uGtAo . a;of rfns Nofo\DxrfDx+ . ;lS;u' ‰ofMrfo]sf sy+ t+rfrf lhlk+u' u}u' a;of
emf]nft 5Mto\ to\w'g]j+ a;\ GXofsn . yf}+ wf;f rfnsoft Dx"t' Nxfgf Ajlan–æu+g jg+ 5+u'
lhlk+;sn] Gofl;h'oflk+ cy]h'of 5' eltrf Gxfo\k+ . lhF tfkfs+ x/g Gofo]sf jo]sjos+
Tofg'rflk+ rfn . v'l;+ j;flg;] ˆohst'gf+ j}lk+ tfkfs+ x] lbs]Djfnf <Æ
h'n . :ofª wfyf;+ hf]d;f]d tsof 5Tjfrf cy]wof AjMAo'an] j hs 5' sd\ Û j}t g
nFo\ hs Gofl;o+s'u' vM . xf]6]n+ sfuj]gL o+sf cy] ln;M lan– ælhu' Gxfo\k+ d?nf ls 5+u'
d'lQmgfy+ lnxf+jofan] wf;f eltrf tfxfMs a;o\ a||]s d? . 5+ yf+jofRj+Dx]l;g lht ;fO8
Gofl;jgflk+ h'of Tofg'rfu' vM . laof tfkfs lbs]Djfnf < lh Sjo\kfv]/ a'n'x'
GXofgf+ a;o\ rfns+ l:ks/oft rfo]sf xo\Rj+gfu' nf vlg+ . lh+ hs d:o'nf Sjxf+jo]
g]kfnL Do]+ xfo]sn . j g]kfnL nf]sDo] +GoGo+ a;o\ an] uy]dfM w}u' 5+ :og]dfnf <Æ
Rj+gf lnxf+jofRj+gf an] No'+g] l;6o\ ˆot'gf+RjDx æcKjh'of xfn]dt] 5+u' alQ;] emf/fo\ofgf
/f]zg >]i7 efO jfsL jnwsf yMRjgfRj+u' l;6+ aL ÛÆ–j a'/fkxMjDx]l;g+ lhlk+ jofRj+gfu' a;of
bgf+ lh gfk Rj+jn . ‰ofoflnSsu' yfo\h'of rfns gRrflg h'of Vofo]tM :jofwfan] j+ g+
l;r'u' km;+ j}t cf/fd h'Oj+ xfsg+ No'g]+l;6o\ 5lt+ x] dUof;] wfn .
Rj+jg . æ;'gf+ ;'Ou' alQ;] emf/fo\ofO{ lhF :jo]sf
lgGx"+ GXoM j nFo\ lhlk+Rjgf+u' a; yfxf+jgfRj+u' sGxo\ ;ldltO .Æ+
lgGx"+ lnkf cg;+ x] Sjf+jofRj+g . 5fo\wf;f j x] lgDx+ rfnsof by'O Njfk' h'OTog . lhlk+
nF jg]an] RjYof lnxf+joan] SjYof . k]tf OMno\ g jfNnldg+ pAn]nfs lagf]b tfd|fsf/ h'
s};Ë ufd+ lnxf+ j}lk v'tfMlt h"jn] 5u" ufMjgf+ sfrfsfrf+ a;+ s'xf+jgf Sjokfv]/ jofRj+u'
jgfRj+u' yf;o\y]g]j+ a'n'x+ GXofsfRj+g . cjn] a;of rfnsof lnSsjgf+ wfn – Yj rfns
a]gL3f6\ kfv]/ jofRj+u' 5uMa;\ x/g Gofo]sf efOg+ a'n'x+' Sjt\xofRj+u' vM. a? l5+ hs tfkfs+
Ajfs'Ajfs'+ yf+xf+ jofRj+g . jx] nF lhlk+ Rj+gfRj+u' lg;]+ AjfsfxofRj+gfbLu' lh+ g vgf+ .Æ
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 35
 tfd|fsf/ h'+ cy] wofbLan] j rfns af; g oflsu'h'n . Gxfkfnfs b]g]t yMlkG; x]
dxfn . Djfnsf cfM emf;+ . 5' g+ h'u' d?lg . Sjyf n]o]sn . lhld;+ GofDx b]+g]Ho"u' 5u" Sjyf
emf;+ emf;+==. wsfM tfd|sf/ h'+ cy] wof dWo]:tf aGbf]a;\ h'n . cn] Nxfl;nf axlgl;of hf go]t
ofgflbn . Sjo\g+ a; Rjo\kfv]/ jg . j jgf+ . 5u" tMw+u' 6]a'no\ hf go]w'j+ yMyu'
cf;]n] j}t lhF ;ldltO dy+;] ug Tjt] wof SjyfKjfno\ Bf]+jg ;sn]+ .
a; :6f6{oft . gRrfDx+ rfns hf];\ lksof sGx]s'Gx" ;'yl;of v'tflt OMno\ ;lS;g
j;of :6]/LË rflxsn . Gx]n+rfn ,Gx]n+rfMln;] ;f}rfno\ kfv]/ Ajft .
cn] ltlg lgun+ a; GXoft . jf:tao\ cn] Vjfl;n] w'g]j Rof la:s'tof sf}nf ofsn .
wfo]dfn wf;f gRrfDx rfnsh'of g x]k]ofgf+ Yj 5u" ;'g;fg yf;o\ lgvf 5]+ j x] xf]6]n hs
cy] Vofo\tM :ju" vM j a'/fkxMjDx rfns+ . vM . c+g tfkfs 5u" lrSrfw+u' Ajg]s'ly sg b' .
rfns+ cy] hf];\ lksfu' z]if+ j}t zfGtofgf wfn ;'yl;of O{ h'u'ln+ j Aj+g]s'ly drflg .
– j}u' bf]if nf vlg+ emL rfnsefOof bf]if nf lhldt uo]s]tM a; 5uM lbs] xn . cn]
dv'lg . yy] wfMan]ltlg j}u' Vjfno\ zfGtof efj bSjl;t tofM o+sn . lg3f}Tof lt jg]+w'+sf
lkHjn . cn] a; g GXofsn . DoflUbO y]g]j+ cgof ef]hgfno\ ;'yl;of
5tf wfk" g b' rfns t+ rfo]sf tn ls hfgsn . hf gfk l;ldof vfof nf, jfp+s]
clgi6 h'O oM . cy]h'of z]ifgf/fo0f+ rfnsoft Fu' kf5}of t/sfln, n}+ cflDnof crf/ tof
x]o]sf zfGt ofMu' g af+ x] nft . wsfMto]dfo]s gsn . lkTofu' Ejl/ hfo]w'g]j+
hf]d;f]d+ al5lt nF k'nfM dfkmf{ uf+ y]g]j+ cgof lnSs;+Rj+u' tftf]kfgL s'08kfv]/ o+sn .
a;\ lgGx" GXof] jgf+u' yf;o\ y]+g . Gxfkf RofTjgf cg+ jg]t pan] :jLGoftsf bfF k'n]dfM ;f+ ylkG;
jg]w's' k;Mof Sj:;+ lbsn . j k;M rfnsof k'n]Djf k'lnDx+ j x] nf vlg+ . j+ lhlk+ k'mSsl;u'
ttfof h'of Gofs]t lbs"u' vlg+ . k;M g tLt w]af k'nf cg b't o+sn . cg SjfnM d'+sftMu'
vfkf 5Sjhs rflg+ a;+ ufxfls xano\ xfsg= lgu" k'vrft b' . ld;ft DjlNxu' tw+u' k]s"+nf
vfkft rfo]sf lah'ln Rofs"ano\ k;M hh\df+ vM;f joflnSs;+ d]u' ldhFto]u' wfM;f j
h'n . Gofo]dfMlk+ cKj db' . k]Dx+GofDxlt hs l;a]g al5hs rs+ . lgu" k'v'nL g DjDj
k;no\ jg+ . plsdWo] lt/Ldo\h' j dn]h' g jg . DjNx'ofRj+lk vg]b' . DofUbL lhNnfof kxfbof
dn]h'F lt/Ldo\h'of ldhF -kfh'_oft hf]d;f]dof Rjsfo\ SjfnMof d"xfg vlg+ . j d"xfg kf]lnlyg
ljz]if sf]z]nL laOdfM wsf :ofpmof co]nf 5uM kfOk+ Sjfu' nM k'v'nL dF"sf . afy Njr j
Gofgf+ xn . Olk+ lnxfjo\joj+ a; xfsg+ GXoft . 5]u',Sjo+of Hjlg{,hF:ofM,t'lt:of,5\of]F :oflk+
nFo\ Vo'+;] Rj+g]w+'sn x]8\nfO{6 Rofsf jf;Mofgf g dHo" cg nlR5 lt j k'v"nL
jgf+Rj+u' 3f;f wfMu' yfo]of 5u" xf]6]no\ lbsf Dx+y'gls hL w}u' laZjf;ofOlk+ b' . cy]h'of Olk+
z]if+ lhldt j xf]6]no\ axlgl;of a]lnofsf cg;+ DjlNXjt tD;]h'n . km'Ssl;g+ w}y]+ d'lQmgfyof

36 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
lx6L DjNx'an]y] Dxo\ ldh+to\ s§"hs cn] Yo;]g+ln t+ uo]sf laGBafl;gL Bf]oft bz{gofsf
j ld:to\ k]ltsf]6+ lxgf+ DjNx't . t/ lh cflzs xf]6]no\ axlgl;of a]lnofsf rlR5 afo\
5Dx]l;of hs nF j kfOGt GXofgf+ Nxf t'lths tn . s+Gx]s'Gx" n]s;fO8 ts a;+o+sf lhldt
y'gf+ . DjNx'Ol;w]sf lhldt j x] a;o\ tofM 8'Ëfo\ uo]sn cn] km]jftfno\ o+sf cg+ tfnof
a]gLahf/ kfv]/ jofRj+gfan] 5yfo\ kxfbof by';+Rj+u' tfnaf/fxL Bf] bz{gofsf xfsg
Rjo]kfv]/ txtx ldgf+ Sjxf+jofRj+u' nM‰jfnf 8'ËfRj+sf j tMk'v"of l;yo\ Sjsof n]s;fO8+
:js]t a; lbsn . nM‰jfnfof Sj;+RjRj+ lg;]+ ;lxb nvgyfkf Rjso\ a; lbsf Rof
DjNx'ofRjlk+g b' . cg+ eltrf pv]kfv]/ xln+do\ Tj+sn . RofTj+g]j+ a; GXofsn . a]ugf;tfnof
bSjl;a]g SjYofu' ufM cyf{t ulN5 b"u' z]if+ nFk'O jg]t b]kfkfv]/ kmlxn .
pv] g Sog]t o+sn . g+of af/+ 3]/]ofgf+ tMu' km]jftfnof lnkf a]ugf;tfno\ jg]u' wsfM
yf;+ Sj5'gf :jofan] oSj x] ufM jgf+Rj+u' ofqfof gfof] z]ifgf/fo0f+ lhlk+ d'lQmgfyof
v+gf . j yf;o\ ljb]zLto\u' u|'k g jofRj+u' lty{ofqLtot\ yfo\yf;o\ o+sf g n]vgfy lhNnfo\
b' . Olk+ cGgk"0f{ 6«]lsËof nFo\ j}lan] j yf;o\ j+g]u' nF y]g]j+ d'lUnËkfv]/ dj+;] b]kfkfv]/of
:js]t c+g o+lsu' h'ofRj+g . j s'xf++j+u' yfo\ nFk'O{ a; kmlxs] lan . Rffns+ j+ wfMkfv]/ a;oft
:jo]w'+sf a; uofM jofRj+gfan] sfnLu08ls Dj]xLsf b]kfo\ o+sn . kf]v/fo\ rfXo"jlglk+
v'l;of k'm;o\ un]Zj/ dxfBf]of lgthfu' b]uM pKjofgf+ km]jftfn hs jlg+ t/ a]ugf;tfnof
xfsg vg]+bt . cn] dgdg+ x] elQmefj Bf]oft wf;f Go]gf+ ts d?lk+ g b}wsf s+g . j 5Dx
n'd+sf gd:sf/ g ofgf . un]Zj/ b]uM k'n]j afnfDx nFhjfM g vM. j}u' vF d]lkGt ldn]h'n nf
a]lgahf/o\ y]+g . a]lgahf/ k]Gx" GXof] v'l;+ a'F dh'nf d:o" Û t/ lhtM wf;f ;f]x«}cfgf ldn]h'n
uofj}u' a; lkofRj+u' h'n . lhldt rfns+ v+sf 5fo]wf;f+ lh g+ kf]v/f tsMdl5+ j+g]w'gfDx h'ofg+
a; lhlk+ 3f;f+ j}u' a;gfk;+ lbs]xn . pl3|do\ pAn]ts a]ugf;tfno\ dYolgDx h'of t;+s
j x] Gxfkfnfs j}u' ;sn]+Rjgf+ kf]v/fkfv]/ jn . no]tfgf . 5fo]wf;f+ lhF Rjoft}u' …;kgfÚ gfFof
a]lgahf/+ jMu' a; ;GofMsfOno\ kj{t afv+ ;k"m /lËg lskfMt+ xgf+ c+u|]hL+ j g]kfnL+
lhNnfof sflnu08ls v'l; GXofgfRj+u' vg] lksfof+t}u' vM . j ;km"of afvF c+g yf;+ :jSjlt
bt . j v'l; :jofjj+ 5u" tf+ g vg]bt . j tfkfsRj+u' 5u" ufFof gfF kr\e}of w}u'of yfo\of
tf+ofRjo rfMt"u' 5t+ tf+oft s'Osftu' . j 5Dx ul/a kl/jf/of ld;fdrfoft d"kfqof+gf
tf+ k'nfMblIf0f kfv]/ jgls afUn'Ë zx/ j} . vFRjofu' vM . d':tfËo\ lgkfM ;k"mt Ogf+aLw'g .
cg afUn'Ë eujltof clts+ Njs+Xjfu' b]uM j d]u' :jkfM;k"m d]u' NoF blgu' h'of c+g aLdfln
g]kfMof bSjl;a] tfxfsu' emf]n'Ë] tfF g+ b' . wsfM larfMofgf .
j tfF :j:j+ u08ls k|b]zof ka{t lhNnf k'nfM a; a]ugf; TjfMof a; kfs{o\ lbsn j
kf]v/fof laGBafl;gL Tjfno\ a; lbsn . c+g kfs{of l;y;+ 5 :jfF Vono\ jgf+ z]ifgf/fo0f+

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 37
a;of 5Mt+ hfy'Ot dfu' e't"Hjn+t ;stf+ a;of joflnkf lh a]ugf;tfnof lnSs;+ Rj+u'
5Mt+ lnsfo]sn . cn] GofGx" GXof] lq;'ln v'l;of 5u" 6'l/i6 xf]6]n v+gf . cn] j xf]6]nof kfn]ofs]
l;yo\ hfy" y]+ cg g ;s\n ld;ft hfgf+ ;'yl;of yg kre}of wfu' yfo] ug+ vM wsf Go]gfan]
hf y'n . t/ ldhFt wf;f HofvF' wfo]dHo'lk+ cg;+ lnSsRj+u' RjYofu' yf;o\ Njx+of TjfyMt
;sn] ld:tto\ e't"of Hofofsf a]ugf;tfn bo]sftu' Sogf+ ln;Mlan x'+sg kfvfSj;+of Tjfy
kfv]/ rfMXo'jg]+an] lh g+ Hofv'+h'of ;k"mb"u' uofM jg]an] af3f}lt hfo]sf kre}of wfMu' ufF b'
emf]nf oMvfgf Olk+ gfk j+gf . b"u' dv' . cy] lhF yDx+ Rjofu' afvFof lnSs;+
k]v]/+ jfp+u' kxfb+ 3]/]ofgftMu' or'lkr'u' w" y]+sf g jg]u' Xjtf r"dnft . cn] g'uno\ vF
j s"+of d'Qmu' yfo] vlg+ n]vgfy lhNnf . cg+ Nxfsf nf6fF s]/f :jy]+ :jhs :jof n'w+sf .
5u" tw+u' k'v" tfkfs+ v+g] bt . lemu" ldg]6lt 8'Ëfo\ Rj+gf a]ugf;tfn rflxp jlkG; lhtM
Gofl;jg]w'j+ a]ugf;tfno\ y]+g . km]jftfn l;a]g l5 hs yg x] ltlgsf lhlk+gfk demfwsfM lhtM
or'u' j tMk'v'lnO l;y] ttxfsu' afaf+nfu' k|wfgh'+ woflbn . jo]sof vF lGx hs lGxnf,
8'Ëft nx/+ lbsfMtu' . t/ 5tfvF km]jftfno\ y]+ Dx't"+ ln;M dlaof . cg lhlk+gfk lnxf+jgfan]
cg ljb]zL j g]kfnL ko{6st g vg]db' cy]h'of hf go]t lkofRj+u'ln jg] vt+ go]vg . ;sn]+
c+g tMk'v'lnO{ 5uMhs 8"Ëf GXof+gfRj+u' v+g . nx/+Rjgf+ hf gof . hf go] l;w]j lrku' e'
d]u' bSj l;yo\ lbsftu' b' . l;n]j+ bSj ld;fvnM t a]ugf;kfv] :jM jg .
lhlk+ l;yo\ jMu' v+sf 8'Ëf rn]ofOlk+ Olk+g cg 53f}lt rflxnf jn . cn] a;uof o]Fo\
GXof]g]jof wfn 5Dx]l;of ;lR5 tsf+ af3f}rflxs]u' kfv]/ lnxf+jof . axlgl;of Roftfn] sflndf6L
b/ sg+ . rfMXo' jlkGt d"of Nof x] b"u' lemDx+lt a; y]+sf lh+ lbs]t rfnsof wof j+ £ofRrld+s
8'Ëfo\ Rj+gf a]ugf;\tfno\ rfXo'jg ,lh wf;f lbsn . joflnkf lhld;+ dn]h' j d'lQmgfyof
djgf . 5fo]wf;f+ Gxfrltlg+ km]jftno\ 8'Ëfo\ ;xofqLlk+ ;lS;s] lhlk+ yg+ s'xf+jg] Gxf wsf
Rjgfu' cfM Rj+g]d+MdGt . a? lh ofs\rf c+g lalGt la/f ˆjg]w'g]j+ lt/Ldo\h' j lh yMu'
pv]+y'v[+of n" :jofRj+gfan] Aag]s'lyO j+g]Tolk+ emf]nft Hjnf a;+ s'xf+jof . sflndf6L+ lgDx+ltk"
:jDx drf Aj+gfldt lhu' GXof]g];+ Yof]+an] ToflS;O{ Rj+gf ono\ yMu' 5]o+o\ y]+s jof .
sfrfsfrf+ …;kgfÚ :jkft+ lnsof Old+t lhF 5]+o\ sfo\DXofo\ lgDxl;g+ lhldu' nF :jofRj+lk
yy] wof– æefO alxgLx¿nfO{ pkxf/ :j¿k dfaf} GofGx"lnkf y]+sju' v+gf no]tfn . lhlk+ g
6qm\ofp+b} 5' o; k':tsdf ot} st}lt/sf] k+re}of yMd:tot\ ;s'zn v+gf no\tfof . lgDxltk" g
eGg] 7fpFsf] sfNklgs cfwfl/t 5 .Æ– yy] wfwf+ d'lQmgfyof ofqf k"jg wsfM Oldt g Bf]of :jfF,
lhF Old+t 5kfM 5kfM Ogfan] Olk+ no\tfn cn] k|;fb, hn j d]d]u' sf]z]nL laof .
Aj+g]s'of nF kfv]/ jg . ;Tod\ lzjd\ ;"Gb/d\, Sjrfn .

38 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
v“UjM Dxl;s]
d"n zAb pRrf/0f vo\ efo\ c+u|]hL
tHofo\ tHofo\ k'm6g' to burst out, explode

tk]g] tk]g] ;f]emf] x'g' to become strainth

tg t+ psfnf] steep slope, uphill

tFgf tFgf /Iff protect, guard

tFg] tFg] x/fpg', nf]k x'g' to be lost

tFg] tFg] yKg' to add

tF g] tFg] /Iff ug'{ to protect

tkg tk+ nfef+;, cg'bfg bonus, supplement

tkfo\ tkfo\ k'j{h, j/fh' ancestor

tkfo\ chf tkfo\ chf lhh' jfh] great grand father

tkfo\ chL tkfo\ chL lhh' jHo} great grand mother

tkft tkfM 7"nf] large

tkfng tkfMn+ nj]bf÷donkf]; Nepalese Na!onal dress

tkfng–;'?jfn tkfMn+ ;'?jf nj]bf ;'?jfn Nepalese Na!onal dress

tkft nfxft tMkf NxfM k'ms'jf, x'Fb{+uL prodigal, extravagant

tk]+s tk]+s ;f]emf], ;To directly, sincere

tKo+ tKo+ l;wf, ;f]emf] straight

tkmf]n tkmf]M 7"nf -cfwf/_, e2f large

tkmf]n:jfg tkmf]M:jf+ ;oklq k"mn Marigold flower

td t+ qmf]w anger

tdrfof t+ rfof l/; angry

tdrfo] t+ rfo] l/;fpg' to become angry

tdgfg tdgf+ ;fgf] j§f small wooden box

tdDjo] t+Dj] l/;fpg' to be angry

td;'s td;'s C0f kq hand note

copper smith (a Newar caste of udas
tdf]t tdf]M tfd|fsf/ hft group)
tdfnl;+ tdfn l;+ ;lt;fn Indian Rose wood

to] to] /fVg' to keep

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 39
 a'v“
!= o]+ dxfgu/ b'g] Rj+u' Ajg]s'lyO g]kfn efiff+ ;+/Ifs jfª\do ztfAbL k'?if 8f= ;Todf]xg
:yflgo kf7oqmdo\ Aj+s]u' lglt clGtd ?k+ hf]zLof 5]+ ono s'Djxfno h'u' 5u' Hof
GXoAjo]t j+u' c;f/ !$ ut] lj1lk+ gfk ‰jno :jDx ;|i6f lklgu' :ju'+ ;k"m hf]zLh'
;xnx h'u' b' . Ajg] s'ly 5u' tlu+dlg;] ljdf]rg ofgf lbOu' h'n . jfudlt k|b]z
Rofu' tlu+ ts b'YofMu' o]+ of tlhnlh gfk+ ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnoof Ujxfln+ lkb+u'
gu/kflnsf b'g] of ;Dkbf, efiff, gvMrvM, pu' ;k'mt Psf8]dLof pks'nklt oIf/Tg
;+:sf/, zLk snf sf}zn gfk+ g}lts lzIff wfVjf h'of ;efkltTjo GXofu' Hof ‰jno
ef}uf]lns j k|fs[lts :j?k of ljifo Psf8]dLof vfkf} Ko+u'u' Nof, RjdL Psf8]dLof
gfk+ :yflgo lnlk ts+ b'Yofu' pu' ;k"m pks'nklt gfk+ ;flxTosf/ oIf/Tg wfVjf
;fd'bflos j lglh Ajg]s'lyO g+ nfu' h'Ou' h'+ Rjof lbOu' …r+clhÚ jfv+ k'r j 8f=
v+ GXo AjMu' b' . pu' Hof emf]no d=g=kf=of rGb|dfg jh|frfo{ Rjof lbOu' ;dfnf]rgf
pk k|d'v lzIff ljefuof k|ltlglw k|f= n]v d'gf ;k'm æNxflr+Æ of lktAjHof h"u'
lzIffljb 8f= lq/Tg dfgGw/, ;x k|fWofks vM . d" kfxf+ hf]zLh'+ g]kfn efiffof ;flxTo
/fhgnfn hf]zL lkG;+ toflbOu' k|Zgoft g+ ljZj of u'u'+ g+ b]o of efiffof ;flxTo
kf7oqmd ;ldltlof b'hM 8f= r'Gbf jh|frfo{ :jof sd dh" wf;]+ g]jf ;flxTo oft g+
ln;M ljoflbOu' vM . d]d]u' efiff+ cg'jfb ofgf ljZj of ;flxTo
@= on gu/kflnsf, jg]kf gu/kflnsf cy] x] v]no Yo+s] dfMu' xyfo\ h'O{ 3'+sn wsf s'nf
lyld gu/kflnsf j lslt{k'/ gu/kflnsf lbn . Hof‰jno nf]s ;flxTo kl/ifb\ of
If]qo b'g] Rj+u' :yflgo Ajg]s'ly g]kfn ejg bo]s]u' oft UjfxfnLsy+ ;dfh;]jL
efiff ljifon] Aj+s]u' ;xnx h'of Rj+u' a'vF df]ltnfn lzNksf/ h'+ %!))). 8=o5bf]n
b' . tsf j pks'nklt ;flxTosf/ oIf/Tg
#= j+u' >fj0f dlxgfo\ g]kfn k|]; sfpG;Ln wfVjfh'+ !,)),))) Ps nfv tsf nM Nxfu'
g]kfn ljwfut kqsfl/tf ljsf; pk;ldlt g a'v+ b' .
of Uj;fno g]kfof ædft[efiff ;flxlTos %= no klts GXofgfRj+u' o' 6\o"jof ;M 5u'
kqklqsf of jt{dfg cj:yf æljifo ;x;x km/s cleJolQmof lgSsMu' Hof ‰jno
Hof ‰jM h'n . k|]; sfpG;Ln ;b:o GXofMu' Rjldlk+ s'd'b >]i7, l/tf dxh{g
Pj+ pk;ldltof slh r]tgfy wdnfof j afa'afhL ;'jfn lkG; Dx Gofk' Gofk'
;efkltTjo GXofs'u' pu' Hof ‰jno\ d" afv+ Ajg]u' Hof h'u' vM . pu' Hof ‰jMof
kfxf+ sy+ k|]; sfpG;Lnof sfo{jfOx gfoM ;Dkfbg æDxl;sf k'rMÆ kfv] h'u' vM .
lszf]/ >]i7 emfof lbOu' vM . pu' Hof ^= on dxfgu/kflnsfof !)& sf]u' d'+Hofo
‰jno g]kfn efiff, tfdf+u, u'?ª, du/, on d=g=kf=of @( u' j8f of k'ms+ Hofs'ly
lnDa', jfGtjf, rfDnLª, pb'{ efiff of kqsf/ of ;Dk"0f{ zfvf, pkzfvf, dxfzfvf, k'mSs
lkG; Ajlt sfMu' vM . pu' Hof‰jno\ u0f]z l;g+ 5olnu' lrl7okqo\ g]kfn ;Djt oft
jfDa' /fO{ h'F Hof kf} GXoAju' vM . clgjfo{ sy+ Yj x] >fj0f ! ut] lg;]+ 5]n]u'
$= g]kfn efiff Ps]8]ldof Uj;fno Ps]8]ldof dfMu' ofs'u' b' .

40 yf}+sGx] no\kf}