emLt u'u' gfgf ;d:of+ GXokgf RjFg yf}+sGx],

pu' ;d:of b"/ ofo]t GXof jof RjFg yf}+sGx]

lrQw/ x[bo

-yf}+sGx] dfl;s_
bF ^&, NofM &, Yo+NofM @$* g]=;+= !!#& sf}nf!!#* s5nf lj=;+= @)&$ sflt{s Thaunkanhe - Nepal Bhasa Monthly | October-November 2017

d" M %) tsf
 ;Ddfg kq !)) c+s ;Ddfg
lrQw/ l;/kf xfOsfg ;Ddfg
g]kfn ;flxlTos kqsf/;+3 kq@)^(
!!#$ !!#^
-g]=;+= !!#!lj=;+= @)^&_ g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt
g]kfnefiff kl/ifb\ xfOs' sfAo k|lti7fg
kqsf/ dxf;+3

lh=k|=sf=b=g+= %&)^@)^#
:yfkgf btf{ g+= )!@
k|yd k|sfzg ldlt @))* j}z  fv

d"n ;+:yfks
;Dkfbsk|sfzs;Nnfxsf/ bF ^&, NofM &, Yo+NofM @$* g];+= !!#& sf}nf!!#* s5nf lj=;+= @)&$ sflt{s
:j= efh' k'ik/Tg ;fu/
:j= efh' k"0f{sfhL tfd|fsf/ g]kfnefiff ;flxTo If]q; Kofv+, gf6s ljwfoft tjhL sy+ Tjfn Tjfn
:j= efh' /Tgdfgl;+ t'nfw/ klts+ bF bF Sogf jof Rj+u' vj. Yj x]Kofv+ gf6s ljwf yf}+lDxuj ultljlxg
:j= efh' s'nwd{/Tg t'nfw/ h'of Rj+u' vFg]b'. g]kfnefiff Oltxf;; k|flrg sfn; Kofvg gf6s ljwf -@)))_
lgbf]n bF cyf{t O{=;+= !%) bF GXoj lg;]+x]x/l;l4 -hn Kofv+_ gf6s lkbg]
;~rfns ;ldlt
efh' k'ik lrqsf/ w'+snu' vF Oltxf; sgfRj+u' b'. cg+ lnkf dNn sfnoft g]k fnefiff Kofvgof
do\h' k|f= k|]dlx/f t'nfw/ ljsfzof pb\ud On sy+ gfnf tju' vj. dNn sfnof h'h'lk+ ba' Kofvg Rjo]u',
efh' gljg lrqsf/ x'n]u' j x'Os]u'ln dg sf]; flk+ hs dv' k|Voft g+ h'of Rj+u' v+g]b ' . ljz]if sy+ dNn
efh' k"0f{ tfd|fsf/ sfnof h'h'lk+ l;l4 g/l;+x dNn, of]u g/]Gb| dNn, e'kltGb| dNn, /0flht dNn,
efh' ltns k|sfz
efh' k'ik/Tg t'nfw/ ho k|sfz dNnlk+ kfv]+Kofvg Rjo]u ', x'n]u ' j x'Os]u 'ln Vofltlk vj. e'kltGb|
dNnof Olxkfan]ljleGg If]qof Kofvg t w]+w]+aNnf ofgf l;/kf ts+ ljof tju'
;Dkfbs tyf k|sfzs vF Oltxf;; GXoygf tju' b'.
do\h' ?lSd0fL >]i7 pu' Onof Kofvgof efiff g]k fnefiff; lxGbL, pb{', j+ufnL, d}l yln, gfk+ ;+:s[t
;x;Dkfbs efiffof zAb j jfSo g b'Yofs]u' rng b' ;f k|flrg sfnof g]kfnefiffof Kofvg
do\h' ejfgL t'nfw/ t zf:qLo dgf]/ ~hg sy+ gfnf tju' vFg]b'. dWosfnof On dNn sfnof Kofvg
t lzIffd'ns j ;dfhof ljz+ultoft pnf plsof ;dfwfgof pkfo ts+ GXoygf
Joj:yfks Rjo]u' Sog]u' ofgfRj+u' v+g]b'. cfw'lgs gf6s Kofvgoft klZrdL ;flxToof
efh' ;'/]Gb| eQm >]i7
efh' ldlnGb/Tg t'nfw/ k|efj gfk gfk+ P]ltxfl;s afvg, hfts, ;fdfhLs ;d:of, Oltxf;of ljz+ult,
/fhgLlts j Jo+u cflb yL yL ljifo j:t'oft sof GXoyg]u' h'ofRj+u' vj. pu'
ahf/ Joj:yfkg Onof ;flxTo If]q ; k|rf/k|;f/of 5u' dfWod sy+ gf6s, Kofvgoft gfnf tju' g+
cf/jL 6]8;{
!@* nfo\s";f uNnL Go'/f]8 v+g]b'. u's]+;flxToof :jfb gfk+ Oltxf;, wd{, ljz+ult Jo+u cflbof rl/q y'Os]u '
kmf]g M (*%!)#**%! l;Os]u' ;fwg h'ofRj+u' vj. t/g]k fnefiff If]q; yf}+lDxuj Yj k|j[lt Gxgfj+u'
hs dv' Kofvg gf6sof RjHof AjHof ts+ Gxgf jgfRj+u' cfefif h'ofjn. yy]
sDKo'6/ 6fOk x]h'of jg;f eljio g]kfnefiffof ;flxTo; Kofvgof ljwf x]tgf jg]u' ;+efAo
efh' eQms[i0f >]i7
vg]b '. ps]+emL g]j fn ;flxTosf/lk+; y'u' ljwfoft Djfsf to]u 'lnO ljz]if Wofg
n]cfp6 laOdfju' yf}+of On+ jgfRj+u' vj.
Yjx]vFoft jfn rfo]s  f j+u' efb| dlxgf; -`Fnf_ Kofvg c+s lksfo]u'
Uj;fn ofgf Rjld+ lkgs]Kofvggf6sof Rj;'t kmf]gfu'ln On; b'dYo+u' h'of pu'
;le{; 86 sd
kmf]g M (*)#)!$^!) dlxgf; lksfo]dkm'u' vj. cfj b'ltgf Rj+u' Kofvg j Rj;'t d'gf y'u' Gx'n bF g]kfn
;+jt\ !!#* So+u' n;tf; Yj x]Kofvg ljz]iff sy+ lkygfu' h'n. lnkf lnkf
yfs"d'b|s b'YofOu' Kofvgoft g+ lkyg]u ' en;f sof Gx'n bF So+u ' n;tf; ;sn ;flxTosf/
lxl; ckm;]6 lk|lG6;{ j g]kfld lkGt le+t'gf b]5fof Rjgfu' h'n .
hdn, ;]tf]9f]sf, o]F .
kmf]g g+= M $@@^$!^, (*$!#&@))%
;Dks{ sfof{no M !^% 8fFkm]dfu{ aa/dxn sf=d=g=kf= !!, kmf]gM $@@)!^$, df]afOnM (*$!*)&%%@,
d" #% tsf Od]nM shrestharukmani@yahoo.com ;km" w's" gfltah| ef]tflxlt, o]F ltnsk|sfz Vjk* Sjf5]F. kmf]g M ^^!@$!%
US$ 2.00 /ef=?= #% lxl; ckm;]6 lk|lG6;{, hdn, ;]tf]9 f]sf, o]F. kmf]g g+= M $@@^$!^, (*$!#&@))%
j}Baf ;Todf]xg hf]zL $
dfF ltns k|sfz *
j[4f>d k|f= ;'j0f{ zfSo !$
yf}o+ f Dofsj]y k'ik lrqsf/ @@
lx;f;" dy'/f ;fo\ld #)
dof{bf eQms[i0f ;fsf/ #^
cltqmd0f dLgf ah|frfo{ $)
>LM sfQL Kofv+ Dx;Lsf xl/dfg >]i7 $$
gf6sof af/] 5' + k|f= k|d] zflGt t'nfw/ $*
ag]kfof VjfkfM Kofv+ 1fgsfhL dfgGw/ %@
^^
KofFv
F of Oltxf;o\ Vjkb]of e"ldsf cf]d wf}ef/L %$
KofvFgo\ yMof t n'ds
+ f e[u/' fd >]i7 ^) ^&

ljz]if ;'r+
Kofv+ Nof lkyg]u' wsfM tfMO{ GXoMlg;]+ Ogfk ofgfsy+ oSjM Rj;'t b'YofMu' h'n .
y'u' c+so\ lkdb+u' Rj;'t lnkf jOu' c+so\ lkyg]u' Uj;f UjofMu' h'n .
gfk+
g]kfnefiffof bSsn]ysfnLu' yf}+^& bF SogfRj|u' P]ltxfl;s g]jfM efo\of
k|ltlglw j w/f]x/Yj yf}+sGx] no\kf}Yj x]efb| dlxgf lg;]+OG6/g]6o\ b'Yofo\w'+s"u'
b'. y'u' no\kf}o ft cg';GwfgfTds n]v /rgf ljof j no\kf}o f u|fxs h'of, ylklgu'
nhufof lj1fkg laof cem RjGXofs]t lta laofbLt Ogfk ofgfRjgf.
;Dkfbs, yf}+sGx]
 /TgWjh hf]zL

efiff hjfM /TgWjh hf]zL g]kfnefiff kl/ifb\of ;+:yfks ;b:o gfk+ j/Li7 ;dfnf]rs gfk+ ljifok/s
lgjGwof gfoMhs dv' jo\sMof lgjGw g]kfnefiff uBof bfk" g+ vM . g]=;+= !)#( u'+nfYj kf? s'Gx' hGd h'of
g]=;+= !!)( lbNnfYj rf}yL s'Gx' lbj+ut h'ofbLu' vM .
Kofv+ NofM

j}Baf ;Todf]xg hf]zL

g]=;+= !)*& ly+nfYj !$ tbg';f/lj=;+= @)@# kf}if !! ut]df+efiffofu' pTyfgof HofvFo\ emfoflbOan]cs:dft
b'3{6gfo\ nfgf j}Bafg+ k|f0f TjMtflbn. jx]j}Bafofu' n'dlGtO jf\do ztfAbLk'?if 8f= ;Todf]xg  hf]zLh'+ g]=;+
 = !)(! ;
Rjof lkygflbOu' y'u' k"wf Kofv+ jB} afwf/fjflxs lksfo]u ' Sjl5gfu'ln+ y'u' Gxfkf+u' n' !lkygfu'' h'n. ;+=

n'! -b'5]Fdo\h' xyf;+ xfF jO. u'Rrf lDxtf rf]+Dx

yfo\ j}Bafof sf]7f 5odrf+ kmlxnf :jO_
O{ ly+nfYj, ;'y b'5]Fdo\h ' -ch'ult rfrf+_ of]df+, Yj drfnf
u'Rrfsf lDxtf Rjg.
sf]7fo\ lgkfM ofM b' . c+uMSj] j}Bafofu' nf;f 5o\rf gsltlghs 5s cy]+lDxtfu'.
b'. nf;fofgt' Sj]rslt 5kf b'. ofSj]5anfrfu' nf;f b'5]Fdo\h ' l5ld afHof sfndf]rg] df]Nx'of Nofxf+
nfoftu' b' . n'vf+ xfFjj] + Gxof]g] vMkfv] aFl; b' . aFl; emfo]w'+sn, 5 drf cfdy]lDxtfhs
lnSs k'nf+u' ;Gb 5uM b'. ;Gb lnsgt'+ b/fh 5uM b', b/fh] Rjf]+. 5+ ofgf lhld gfk+ Gxfo\k+ xLs vF
;k"mt hfo]s  Ajoftu' b'. Gog]df .
pv]] y'v] jf;M l;l; g+ Ajoftu' b' . cn] j}Baf 5orf -u'Rrf d'gf vNtL tt+_ wfTy]+vMnf, of]
o]TjLu' ofkmMofyfo\ 5bf]+ ;k"m j ef]+ toftu' b' . GXof]g];+ aHo] <
snd dl;yn sflk b'. b'5]Fdo\h ' kTof dh";f ofn+ :jf] .
j}Bafof nf;fRj;+ Rj+u' c+un] ho g]kfn  -b'5]Fdo\h' Koxf+gt'+ jgL . 5odrf lGx sfo]y]+ ofgf ofn]
wsf Nxfxf NXjgfRjf]+Dx :juL{o >L % lqe'jgofu' lskf, jgL. Vjfa;f kf5fof, l;nM AjAj+ j}Baf sf]7fo\ xf+ jO.
Yjof Sj;+ ttuf]u' cfvn+ lqe'jg ;Djt\ !& wsf j}Baf -Kofu' Vjfa;f ofMvfkfo\ Xo'Xo'+_ P
Rjoftu' Sofn]G8/, cg++ln 5v] >L % dxf/fhflw/fh drf, 5+ cfvM dAj+;] ofn]hs :j]u'
dx]Gb| j >L % a8fdxf/fgL /Tgofu' lskf, d]v] efg'eQm, aflg ofgfsf dv'nf<
l;l4bf; cflb :juL{o sljh'lklgu' lskf j yu' x]lskf 5orf -lnkm :jof_ gsltlg lGxsfjgfu' sf,
5kf g+ Ajoftu' b'. afHof.
j}Baf RjgLu' yfo\of lnSs;+ j}Bafof  5odrf j}Baf 5+u' Gxf;] lGxx] db', dv'u' vF g+ Nxfo];nsf
5Dx cfvM AjgfRj+u' b'. lkg]ofSj]kfv]  lxtL nMsof dv'nf 5<
rf]+lklgu' xf;M j 3M ;M tfo]bof RjgL. 5orf afHof, nf]dg . cf sGx]lg;]+ dv'u' vF
cfvM Ajgf Rjf]+Dx 5odrf cfvM dAj+;]x] Nxfo] dv't .
ofsrf sf]7fo\ u'Rrf lDxtf RjgL . -j}Baf yMu' yf;] o]tO' . 5odrfg+ yu' yf;] o]tO' . j}Bafof

4 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

RjHof ofO. 5odrf+ cfvM AjgL_ epofs] epto\s]

j}Baf -cfvM Rj]u' lbgf_ kf7 j]s] w'gnf drf < x] ep x] ept
5orf j]sf tow'g, afHof. j}Baf :ofaf; . sf sGx]oft k}m; zAb j
j}Baf kf7nf 5+ ofsg+ j]s] k'mgL uy] < sf]v zAB kf7 h'n . yy]x] j]sL .
5orf yMu' efif+ Aj+s;' ]+ln 5fo dj]sLn] . 5orf x;, afHof
j}Baf -;Gtf]ifof ;f;M Nxfgf_ drf, 5+ lhu' gf+ j}Baf drf, 5+ cIf/af]wofu' cfvM Rj] w'gnf
to]df . n] <
5orf afHofof yMu'x]gf+ bx]b'lg. lh+ 5fo gf+ 5orf w'g, afHof.
to]dfu' wsf < -5odrf+ Rjoftofu' cfvM SogL. cfvM vv+x]j}Baf b
j}Baf P drf 5nf afHofgfk vF Hjgf vF HjL_
NxfODxsf h'ofjn. 5orf -5f]Frf;' jj+_ afHof
5orf -lGxnf_ afHof+ 5' woflbofu'< vFoft g+ j}Baf 5fo drf <
Hjg] km}nf < 5orf lhld df+g+ lDxug+ lht af]lan.
j}Baf Djfnsf . 5 drfgfk vF Nxfgf Tofs] km} j}Baf 5fo\, 5' vFo\<
Vjf djf]. cF, sf kf7 wf;f. 5orf lh+nfv] yf]k"u' k'nf+u' cfvMhs Rj]
5orf -k"mlt{ofgf_ 5' wfo]u' < ;o]sf h'nxF . cn], yg 5]F; lht afHof+
j}Baf sf, eln zAbofu' ?k rn]of;f . c+uh ]| L efiff Aj+s]aLdv'u' larf oft
5orf -;k"m ltgf_ wf;f, lht lhld kfh'lkGyfo\ tof cfvM
ep eplk+ Aj+s] 5\j]u' xF .
epoft eplkGt j}Baf -tF lksof_ l5ld df+g+ XofpF :o"nf jfpF
eln+ eplk;+ :o"nf drf a'n wf;f, drft];+ df+ Ajf
epoft eplkGt dwfo]s;' ] dfdL bfbL wfo]s] dfDx j . 5+t
eln+ eplk;+ g]jf cfvM :ogfu' :j] o}nf jof
epofu' eplklgu' -b'5]Fdo\h' lwl;ldl; wfos xf+ jO_
epofs] eplk+s] b'5]Fdo\h ' 5' wsf tF rfof xfnf lbofu' ckfo\;s+.
x] ep x] eplk+ 5]F x] Yjf] .
j}Baf 5+nf kf7 nMy]+x] s07 j]sftn lg . sf, j}Baf xfj] dt] 5 a'l9 .
cf xfg+ d]u' elt zAbofu' ?k rn]of;f . b'5]
Fdo\h ' -gd| efj+_ etLrf tL;s+ xfnflb;F
5orf ep ept wfjofu' sf . s/lklg :j] Njfu' 5]F y]+ Rj+ .
epoft epto\t j}Baf rL;s+ xfn]dfyfo\ rL;s+ g+ xfnL. t;s+
elt+ epto\;+ xfn]dfyfo\ t;s+ g+ xfnL. 5 a'l9of skf
epoft epto\t :ofs] dfu' 5fo\ <
elt+ epto\;+ -b'5] Fdo\h' e'g'e'g' xfxf+ lkg]gt'  + jgL. 5odrf jftf+
epofu' epto\u' :jofRjgL_
yf}+sGx] 5
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

5orf -dtL vF jfnf_ afHof, dfdL, bfbL 5orf pv'g' yg afHof gfknf jf]D x wgs'6fofDx
wfo]snls 5' HjL< sljh' wfDx+ cy]wfu' dv'nf<
j}Baf -tFUjf/f ysof_ 5' HjL wofnf 5+< j}Baf -OltOlt lGxnf_ P drf, 5 1f+ b'Dx h";f+
5orf cF, UjfHoM x]ltlgsf. 5+ uy]vF dy"u' < j
j}Baf KoDx]l;of GXof]g] Ejfl; vg] b}sf . a? yy] sljh'+nf Yj emLu' g]jf  efo\ wofu' yg
dfdL, bfbL x] wfo]sf HjLu' Old OR5f;f o]F, on, Vjk] Rjf]+lk+ dg"t];+ hs NxfOu'
l5ld df+ Ajflk+g+ c+uh ]| c+uh
]| gLlkG;+y]+gt'+ efo\ dv', kxf8 kj{t, dWo];] Rjgf Rjf]+lk+
j;M k'gf, Nxfxf kflrgf, r'Kkfgof KofvF g]jfto\;g+ Nxfgf Rj+u' b' wsf wfu'. 5+
Nx'of Old;+y]+gt'+ yu' efo j]sf vF Nxfo]g+ Gxfo\k+ 5' h'n drf<
kmo]s]dfM sf . cn]hs 5'+ eltrf Nj} . 5orf -Gxfo\k+ lyof_ 5'+ g+ dh".
dv';f yu' efiffo\ zAb bo]s  bo]s+, Yj -j}Baf KjfM To'To'+ xf]xf]  KjLs lGxnL. 5odrf+ yM +u'[
dfdL, bfbL w}u' Djfdb'u' zAb 5fo\ 5\ rfo]sL_
on]dfn < j}Baf sf, Djfn Djfn . 5s lgs yy] HjLof] .
5orf afHof, lht lkg] ;sl;gg+ gflt wfOu' . j sljh'of ufs+ efo\ jf]. xfg+ j sljh'
gflt 5fo\ wfo]sfu';f < 5orf x] eltrf vfvMg+. yy]h"ul' n+ 5+ k"j+s
wfo]s";f+ Ho"u' vMgL. af+nfs vF Gog]dk'mt HjLsf. sf, Djfn
j}Baf drf, 5 drf h";f+ 1f+ aMnf. cy]g+ 5+ Yj cfvM Ajf]+ .
g+ YjLs]df gfltwofu' emL x]g]kfldt] u' -j}Baf yu'Rj]u' Hofo\ Jo:t HjL. 5odrf+ ;k"m KjLsL.
zAb, /fi6 efiffof zAb. lh+ 5Gt pv'g' j}Baf Rj]u' lbgf bgL, 5s w'k]gL, xfg+ kmo]t'O, cn] 5f]F
wofu' dv'nf, emLu' /fi6 efiffo\ g]jf  k'm;kfv]Rj+u' ;k"m Kjf];fnf SogL.
efiffof zAbtg+ cfkfn+ b'Yofgf Rj+u' b' 5orf -;k"m Kjn]ldvf tof_ cfd ;k"m 5fk]ofo]
wsf, uy] nf]d+u' 5+ < dfgL wofu' dv'nf<
5orf vM vM, cF wfTy]+n'dg. lxUj], laGxfaL, j}Baf -;k"mofu' kf08'lnlk :j:j+_ vM, 5fk] ofo]
Hofnf, HofdL, ndL, kfr's] , SjfFlt, dfgL.
h'hw' f}, rfs', rtfd/L, l;sld, bsld, 5orf u'an] 5fk] ofo]u' ;f <
-xfg+ n'd+sL_ j}Baf 5 drfDx ;'+s drf h'of Rjf]+. l5ld
j}Baf Djfn, drf Djfn . cfdy] n'd+sfRjf]+;f af}lklgu' Dx't+' y'hf]u' vF Kofxf+djf] . 5Gt
lGxlR5 n'd+sf Rjf]+;f+ l;w}dv' . 5fo\ y'lsofu' ;'sw' Gbf<
5orf afHof -5odrf ;'+sgt'+ RjgL . j}Baf ;k"m :j:j+x] no\tfDxy]+
j}Bsf 5' drf < HjL, xfg+ ;k"m :j:j+x] g'udl5+Dxy]+g+ HjL . 5odrfof ;k"m
5orf g]jf efiffoft o]F, on, Vjk]Rjf]+lk+ aGb ofgf xfg+ cfvM RjO. b'5]Fdo\h' xyf;+ xf+ jO_
g]jft];+hs NxfOu' wsf 5fo\ wfu'< b'5]Fdo\h ' ;k"mhs :j]btls s/lkG;+ ;Mtf Rj+ug' +
j}Baf -tF Ujf/f lksof_ ;'gf+ wfn 5+t y'hf]u' Djf tfu' dv't l5+ . cg :jfFg] Sj] Rjgf
db'u' dv'u' vF< j}Baf, j}Baf  wsf ;tf Rj+u' cfMnf

6 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

j}Baf ;'n] ;Mtf Rjf]+lk+ < b'g] Ajgfx;f+ Ho"lg . sdnf -kf;fofu' VjfM :Jof_ rDkf, lDxuhs
-b'5]Fdo\h' lkg]jgL. ld;f drft lgDx xf+ jO, Old;+ emLt y'lsofu' lgaGw Rjf]s"  u' xnf<
j}Bafoft gd:t] ofO . j}Bafg+g+ Oldt gd:t] ofO . rDkf vMgL. j}Bafofyfo\ emL 5Gx' GXof]hs
j}Bafg+ Oldt kmot'gf lb;F/] gfgLlk+ wf;]+ln Olk+ cg;+t'+ jf]u' h";f Yj ljifon] cfkfn+ vF gog]
kmo]t'O. 5odrf+ Oldt :jO, cn]xfg+ cfvM RjO._ b}u' .
j}Baf lhnf Rj;fkf;fof kf;flk+ 5s -ljBfyL{t];+ yMyMu' 38L :jO_
gfknfj]dfu' Hof b' wfu'ln+ Olk+x]jn HjL sdnf j}Baf lhlk+ l5yfo\ 5tf vF Gof]+j ofu'.
wsf Rjgfu'. gfgLlk+ jf]u' wsf d:o". j}Baf 5' vF gfgL<
gfgLlk+ ug+ emfofu' y]+< sdnf cf, hfFr Ton . g]kfn efiff Ajg]an] zAb
sdnf j}Bafofyfo\x] 5s jofu' . lhu' 5]F nud], dy"ug' + oSjf] b}u' . l5+| rjofbLu' ;+lIfKt
lhu' gf+ sdnf. -kf;foft Sogf_ rDkfof g]kfn efiff zAbsf]z k;n] Gofjgf ug+
5]F hs d?O{. lhlk+ lgDx+ dx]Gb|/Tg NjLs]dk'm. dfgbf;of ;k"m k;n]g+ db',
klAns sn]h] g]kfn efiff sof cfvM /Tg k':ts e08f/]g+ db', dxfFsfBf]ofyfo\
Ajgf Rjgflk+. Rj+u' P8's];gn PG6/kf| Oh wfyfo\g+ db' .
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rDkf 5fo\ j}Baf < sdnf 5fo\ j}Baf <
j}Baf jsf, yM b]zof h'h' j dxf/fgLofu' gfd+ j}Baf lhs]NogfRj+u' ;k"mg+ 5u" ofof+ lgu" ofof+
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Ajg]b,' Ond /f]huf/ ofgfg+ HjLb' . ;k"mg+ kf6g sn]hofDx  5Dx ljBfyL{ jof
Gxfkfoflk+ ld;ft] y'hf]u' efUo ug sfjg] xfnfx] o+sn .
dv'nf< eDkf -lDxrfo\ Woaf :jf]ygf_ lhlk+nf l5yfo\
-ljBfyL{t d';'d';' lGxnL. j}Bafg+ lGxnL_ cjZog+ b}ltlg wsf jofu'.
sdnf vM, j}Baf j}Baf cy];f, gfgLlk+ 5'+ lbg lkoflb;F .
j}Baf t/ 5tf vF, h'h+' phF bo]sflaHofgftu' vF l5slklgu'x] ;]jf ofo] wsf lh+ cf
gfgLlkG;+ n'd+sf tu'x] b}lg . ;+lIfKt wsf gf+ dt;]+ a[xt\ g]kfn efiff
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j}Baf s/lkG;+ ;lR5 bF lasf ofu' Hof emL;+ af+nfu' j k"j+u' zAbsf]z bo]s] w'+u' b',
lembFof b'g]x] ofo]dfu' b', dv';f emLlk+ jx]ofsg+ 5fk]h'of Kofxf+ jO. -;k"mofu'
;+;f/of d]u' b]z ;/x HjL dk}mu' hs dv' kf08'lnlk Sogf_ sf :joflb;F ;k"mofu'
ls GXofan]+lnkf g+ nfgf RjgL. kf08'lnlk Yjx]sf . -syx+_
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jgf 5u" 6]a 'no\ k]mt'jgL. cg xf]6 ]n dflns+ 5Dx xf]6 ]n kfv]+sfo\ 5Dx a'Oj+, lrl/dfd+ g+ aa'+ g+
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Rj+u' wsf XjfFo\ XjfFo\ Vjof xfnf RjgL. xf]6]n dflns+ h+un jgf l;F dfnf xo]u'. k'mSs Hof lh+
j drfofu' vF x]Go+u' dv'. bfof Rjg, bfof Rjg. cg x]ofgfln+ g+ lhtM x]lgDx]l;g+ bfOu'. yy]
n:;L Tjg]t j+Dx sdnfb]j L h'?Ss bgf jgf P ;fx'hL, h'of 5Gx' lh rfGx]x]la:o'+jof. gf}la;]
drfoft bfo]u' TjMlt. j+ skKn]6 u'ln t5ft< w]af lh+ Yo+sf 5Dx 8fOe/oft lalGt lalGt ofgf
lao] wsf wfo]j+ j xf]6]n AjfOoft bfo]u ' TjMtn. sdnf+ y'v]jof yg x]xf]6]no\ Hof ;gfu' vM.
j drfoft P afa', NxfMt'lt l;nf y'v]jf wfO. drf sdnfb]jL /d]z, 5+ cfvM Ajg]oMnf<
NxfMt'lt l;nf jof sdnflklg GXoMgo\ b+ jO. sdnfb]j L+ /d]z >]i7 Aj+sf B";f 5fo\ dAjg].
gfk+ k]mt'Ot O;f/f ofO. drf jgf gfk+ Rj+u' d]ro\ k]mt'O. sdnfb]jL sf, cy]h";f g'. 5+ Ajg]wftno\ Aj+s].
sdnfb]jL 5+u' gf+ 5'< -drfofs]GogL_ -y'ln wof pv]sfp06/]jgf :j+u" lunf; n:;L j sk
drf /d]z >]i7 Kn]6ofu' w]af k'nf /d]z >]i7oft Hjgf
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8 yf} +sGx]
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Ajg]t k]|/0ff g+ laof jof Rj+u'ln+ yf}+af=nfu' vF Gogo\ djof sdnfb]jL+ x]afa', Yj 5' ofgfu'< Djfn bF wsf
bt. sdnfb]j Lof b'Uo+u' dltgf j lgM:jfy{ Ujxfln+ yf}+ NxfM Hjgf ygf sl;Ss 3o\k'n. sdnfof ldvf+ u+uf
/d]zof hLjgof ;kmntfof Gxfkf+u' knfM vM. /d]z+ ofgf hd'gf afMjn. cy]x]/d]z nf emg x]lxlx kg. lgDx+
cfbz{ dfWolds ljBfno of gf+ oSj Rj5fof lapu' b' . efjljXjn h'n. Vjvgf ;n+ x]sdnfb]jL+_
yf}+ /d]zof lglDt+ bLIffGt ;df/f]x . P;\=Pn\=;L= af]8{ km:6 sdnfb]jL wGo k'tf 5. yf}+5+ lhtM dft[Tjof cfef;
jMu'. ;efsIf tGg hfM. d"kfxfF dGqLHo" g+ Yo+s emfn. lan. hLjgo\ 5+ lhtM Gxfkf+u' df+ h'ofu'
5u" sy+ ;ef ;'? x]h'n. d~ro\ y]go\ dfMlk+ ;sn]+y]g. cg'e'lt lan. lhu' hLjg x]wGo ofgf
d"kfxfF g+ Tjfb]jfo\ dt Rofsf ;ef pno\ Hof ofgflbn. lan. lhu' ckljq hLjgoft kljq ofgf
d~ro\ Rjgf Rj+Dx /d]z  of ldvf GXoMgo\ df;kfv]hs. lan. hLjGttf lan. lh+ 5+t yM gfnfu'
pv] y'v] hs :jofRjg . /d]zof Wofg d]yfo\ x] s]lGb|t yf}+;f/ofgf lan.
h'ofRj+u' vgf ;sn]+ x}/fg . /d]zoft ;Ddfg ofo]t -y'ln wof xfg+ 5sM /d]zoft 3o\k'gf r'Kkf gn. pv]
;Mtn. cxF /d]z+ tfMu' x]dv'. /d]zof ldvf df;kfv] d+ro\ /d]zoft t't't'+ ;Mtf Rj+u' b'. /d]z+ df+of x]kl;{Rjt+
hs x]. gfk+ Rj+Dx :s"nof x]8 ;/+/d]zof Dxo\ jfgf yMu' ldvfo\ Rj+u' Vjla x'n. df+of ldvfo\ Rj+u' g+ Vjla
wfO_ x'Osn. d+rkfv]jg]To+Dx /d]zoft xfg+ 5s ;fnf
s]bf/>]i7 /d]z, 5+t cg ;Ddfg ofo]t ;Mtn. x'+sg sl;Ss 3o\k'gf lgv]+g]tfno\ j Dx;to\ r'Kkf gof 5\jt.
5' :jof Rjgfu'< cgyfo\ cs\;/l;g+ y'u' df+ j sfo\ofu' PsLs[t kl/b[Zo
/d]z -em;+u j+Dx y]+_ df+oft :jof Rjgfu' ;/ cfZro{efj+ :jof RjgL._
s]bf/>]i7 df+ db' wofu' dv'nf< -/d]z >]i7 d+r kfv]jgL. d" kfxfF g+ /d]zoft ;Ddfgkq
/d]z b', df+ b'. df+ db';f lh yg uy]y]lgno\< nMNxfgf bL. :jf+df j n'Fofu' ns]6 Sjvfo\sL. cno\
s]bf/>]i7 o]o\. df+ yg emfo]wofbLu' nf< /d]zoft yMu' g'uMvF to]t wfO_
/d]z vM. df+ emfo] wofbLu'. cjZo g+ emfMu' /d]z >]i7 xg]axMDx ;ef gfoM, cy]+t'+ clts+
b} . xg]axMDx dGqLHo" cy]+t'+ xg]axMlk+ ;sn]+,
s]bf/>]i7 x'+sg lnpg] Rjgf lbn h'Osf. ;Mts lhu' ;fb/ gd:sf/
lao] Gx} . lhtM a'Os'Dx u'Dx df+ vM, lh+ d:o'.
/d]z lhp ;/. t/lhtM ;+;f/v+s'Dx df+ lhu' GXoMgo\
s]bf/>]i7 /d]z, df+of gf+ 5'< k]mt'gf RjgfbLu' b'. lh+ BM dvgf. lh+
/d]z df+of gf+ df+ x]vM. d]u' gf+ dl;p lh+. Dxl;sfDx BM, lh+ vgfDx BM jo\sM x]
-x]8 ;/+pb\3f]ifsoft ;Mtf yg /d]zof df+ emfMu' b}. ug+ df+ vM. lDxu lh slk{lgu' lrk l;nf,
bL;f y'v]GXoMgo\ Rj+emf;+ wsf ofsg+ ;Mlt wof bL. lrk gof, xf]6 ]n AjfO h'of RjgfDx]l;t
pb\3f]ifs+ g+ dfOs+ yg /d]z >]i7of df+ emfofbLu' b';f, Yj cj:yfo\ Yo+s'Dx df+ jo\sM x]vM.
y'v]GXoMgo\ emfoflb;F wsfM ;Mtf 5\jt. x'+sg lnpg] xf]6]no\ lh+ gf/sLo hLjg xgfRjgfDx]l;t
Rj+RjgfbLDx cfkfl;g+ Dx:o"Dx gu/aw' NxfM ;+s';+s'+ jo\sn+ j gf/sLo hLjg+ d'Qm ofgf yMgfk+
emfof GXoMgo\ Rj+u' vflnu' d]r o\ k]mt'gf lbn. /d]z d+r+ emfMDx lg/~hg c+snofyfo\ KoGx' tof
yf}+sGx] 9
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Joj:yf ofgf laoflbn. jo\sM df+ j cno\ sdnfb] jLoft lhu' cg'/ f]
w b'
lg/~hg c+sn a/f]a/ :s"no\ emfof lhtM ls l5+ xfg+ KobF /d]zoft af+nfs :jof
dfMu' Joj:yf j k]|/0ff laof RjgfbLu' . lh laoflb;F. cleefjs x]h'oflb;F. l5u'
yf}+yg Yo+u' cno\ lhu' k]|/0ff ;|f]t lhDx pbf/tf ;fy{s h'O. gd:sf/
df+ x]vM. lhu' ;+;f/g+ lhDx df+ x]vM. dn k|wfg xg]axMDx dGqLHo", cno\ xg]axMlk+
Yj ;Ddfg g+ lhDx df+ofu' x]vM. ;sn] +. yf}
+ lht tM;s+ cfgGb jM.
-/d]z
 ofu' vF Sjrfofln+ ;sl;g+ sdnfb]j L kfv]:jof ljBfyL{ /d]z+ yf}+Yj cfbz{ dfWolds
t///Nxfkf yft. sdnfb]j L+ g+ ;sMl;t+ bgf NxfM lalGt ljBfnoof hs gf+ Rj5fof lapu' dv',
ofgf clejfbg oft._ Vjk b]of gf+ x]RjGXofsf lan. sf]onf
pb\3f]ifs l5sMlk;+ yf}+of cfsif{0f u'Dx;]+ yf}+ vfgL+ xL/f lkxfF jMy]+5u" ;fwf/0f xf]6]n
 o\
cfbz{ dfWolds ljBfno of gf+ Yj Hof ;gfRj+Dx drf yf}+y'u' kf]lhzgo\ yxfF
Vjk b]zo\ hs dv', g]kfn clw/fHoo\ j}wsf ;'gf+ wfo]k 'm. Yj k'mSs+ ;dfh;]j L
x]kmi6 l8lehgo\ kmi6 jof cem g]kfn sdnfb]jLof b]g vM . sdnfb]jLofu'
6k x]h'of lan. Yj emL ;sMl;of lglDt+ cgfyk|ltof Sj;f g'uMoft emL;+ sb/
uj{of vF vM. cfM lh+ yf}+of d" kfxfF ofo]x]dfM. 5sM ;sMl;g+ Nxfkf yfgf
lzIffdGqLHo"oft yMu' ;f/ ule{t Gjr' clejfbg ofgf laoflb;F. -;sMl;g+
laofbLt Ogfk ofgf. dGqLHo" t///Nxfkf yfO. sdnfb]jL+ NxfM lalGt
-la:tf/+ bgf emfof_ ofgf ;sMl;t+ gd:sf/ofO_ sdnfhL,
lzIffdGqL xg]axMDx ;ef gfoM, cno\ xg]axMlk+ ljBfyL{to\t bs]yfs'u' S.L.C. of cfO/g
;sn]+ . yf}+;fd'bflos dfWolds ljBfno+ u]6 rfo]s]t l5+ /d]zoft tMw+u' Ujxfln
ug wflb lhNnfof b"/u do\ Rj+Dx drf, ofgf lbn. oSj oSj ;'efo\. /d]z, 5
u'Dxls xf]6]n AjfO h'of lvpF ufno\ 5Dx d]wfjL ljBfyL{ vM. yf}+b]zof ;k't
b'gf Rj+Dx]l;t NXjgf xof y'u' ul/dfdo h'o]u' cj;/jofRj+u' b' 5+t. af+nfs
hLjg laoflbn. pDx b]jL sdnfb]jLoft Ajgf x'F . lhldu' oSj oSj leGt'gf b' 5+t.
lhu' gd:sf/ . ljBfyL{ /d]z >]i7ofu' ;sMl;t+ wGojfb. ;ef yg x]Sjrfo\s] .
nugzLn k|ltef j sdnfb]j L hL ofu' -kqsf/t jgf sdnfb]jLoft e'+jgL gfk+ kmf]6f]u|fkm/t g+_
xfgf db'Dx, cgfy drfk|lt HjMdb'u' 5Dx kqsf/ l5t dl5+ dh";f 5'+ vF Gogo\. Ho"nf<
dft[jt\zn pbf/tfof k|+ltkmn yf}+of Yj sdnfb]jL lhp. ;f]+v+ Gogflb;F.
GXo}k'u' lbg vM. u'Dxl;of efUo ug, kqsf/ vo\tnf ljBfyL{ /d]z+ 5'+ 5'+ vF wfo]w'+sn.
u'sy+ RofO< ;'gfg+ wfo]k}mdv'. cfM wfy]+/d]z cfM l5Dx x]sfo\ vt nf<
lh+ yg ljBfyL{ /d]zof eljio]5' ljifo sdnfb]jL cem g+ z+sf j+lgnf< /d]z+ nf wfo\x]
sof Ajg]u' vM< yy]x]af+nfs Ajgf w'+sn. t/lh+ a'OsfDx dv'.
x'F. u|fh'ot tsof lglDt+ lh+ ;/sf/L kqsf/ slk{lg sfo\drfoft l5+ yMDx sfo\drf

10 yf} +sGx]
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 Kofv+ NofM

ofo]a no\ sfg'g+ j}wtf aLnf< 7uo\ ofgfu' db'. ;'ofu'+ n'6o\ ofgf sofu'
sdnfb]jL 5Dx a/afb h'of Rj+Dx, xfMgf db'Dx db'. ;'ofu'+ v'of sofu' db'. nfsf sofu'
drfoft gf/ sLo hLjg+ d'Qm ofgf, db'. x]sf sofu' db'. 5u" Joj;fo ofgf
go]u ', Tjg]u' j Aj+s]u ' Joj:yf ofgfu' 5' Rjgfu' b'. slk{Gt no\tfo\sf. ;'vfg'e"lt
lh+ ck/fw ofgfu' h'nnf< u}/sfg'gL laof. cfTd;+t'li6 laof. dgf] /~hg
h'nnf< /d]z lhDx dfg;k'q vM t/ ofsf. lh+ yMu' kmL; hs+ sof Rjgfu'
Yofsfdrf ofo]t]gfu' dv'. vM. plsoft x]l5sMlk;+ e|i6frf/
-y'yfo\s] x]/dz
] yMt lapu' l;/kfMkf}, :jf+dfM j kbs efMlkof lbn wfM;f, lh+ e|i6frf/ of
Sjvfof GXoMgo\ jO, sdnfb]j L+ /dz ] oft afa', 5 erf yMu' kl/efiff dy'n. /d]z y]+hfMlk+ d]lk+ v'Dx
Sjyfo\ x]jgf RjF. cno\ lh+ 5+t gfknf jo] wof5\jO._ drfto\t cfvM Aj+sf tofu' b'. cy]+t'+
d]Dx kqsf/ cfM nf /d]z S.L.C. kf; h'o] w'+sn. a'/ Llk+ :
jDx]
l;t j[4f>do\ tof dfMu'
joft l5+ yMu' 5]Fx]dvf o+sflbo]u' h'O< Joj:yf ofgf tofu' b'. Olk+ gfk+ g+ lh+
sdnfb]jL cxF. lh+ joft yMu' 5]F o+s] dv'. lhu' u'an]+:jfk' dtof. yy]Ujxfln ofgf, bfg
jf:tljs hLjgrof{ l;n wfM;f j+ cfvM ofgf wsf lh+ u'an]+, ug+ wfM g+ dh'of.
Ajg]km}dv'. joft 8fS6/jf Ol~hgLo/ uj{ g+ dofgf. t/Yj /d]zk|lt uy]uy]
ts Aj+s] u' lhu' dg;'jf. joft lh+ lhu' ckf]x]g'uM Sj;fM. jofu' zLn
Yofsfdrf ofgf yMu' sfo\k|ltof jf;gf :jefj vgf lh clt x]k|efljt. gq lh
k'j+s]u' u'an]g+ larfM dofgf. lhu' yy]ug+ GXoMgo\ djgf.
jf:tljs hLjg gfk+ tfkfsf x]to]u ' lhu' kqsf/ l5u' Joj;fo nf oSj x] kmlnkmfk vg]b '
ljrf/. lhu' lrlsrfw+u' c0f'bfg+ jofu' lg
hLjg ;kmn h'o]d fM wofu' lhu' sfdgf sdnfb]jL lhu' Joj;fo ttMw+u' xf]6 ]n  o\, ttMw+lk+
vM. a;\. gd:t] ko{6slk+ gfk+ hs vM.
kqsf/ KnLh, clGtd GXo;M 5u" lgu" hs. 5'+ kqsf/ y'u' vF TjMtf 5\jo]. cfM l5+ /d]zofu'
h'of Yj vF /d]zof af}lk;+ l;of joft lhGbuLoft u'sy+ o+s]u' larfM ofgflbof<
sfMjn wfM;f, l5+ 5' ofgfbL< sdnfb]jL /d]zofu' lhGbuL cfM l5sMlklgu'
sdnfb]jL lh+ v';L;fy laof 5\jo]. t/ /d]zoft NxftL. joft Aj+s]u' OR5f nf lh+ wfo]
8fS6/jf Ol~hlgo/kf; ofgf hs. x]w'g. l5sMlk;+ lhu' JolQmut hLjg
kqsf/ l5+ u'u' lgisfd ;]jf ofgflbn. j nf clt j Jojxf/oft sof kqklqsfo\ k|If]k0f
x]Rj5fo]axMu' x]Hof h'n. l5+ tMw+u' ofgf dlbtno\ /d]z y'hflklgu' lhGbuL
x]k'0osd{ ofgf lbn. KnLh t+rfof ;kmn x]h'ofRjlg ltlg.. lh+ l5sMlk+
lbo]d t]. l5t Sjyo\ y'g]t wofu' dv'. kfv]+ck]Iff ofgfu' y'ln x]. cfM lh /d]z
j 5' wfM;f l5u' Joj;fooft sof l5t gfknf jg]. gd:t]
u'an]+kZrfQfk j n3'tfefif h"nf< -y'ln wof bgf jgL_
sdnfb]jL cxF. u'an]+ dh". 5fo\wfM;f lh+ ;'ofs]+ ktfIf]k
yf}+sGx] 11
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j}Rjg Gx"bF emLu' n'vfo\ j}Rjg Gx"bF emLu' n'vfo\

yf}+ vF a;\ y'ln hs wfo\t yf}+ vF a;\ y'ln hs wfo\t
bgf jf GXon+ ;sn]+ Gx"u' ;'B{M :jo\t bgf jf GXon+ ;sn]+ Gx"u' ;'B{M :jo\t
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

PREMIUM CONSULTS (P) Ltd. ljZjzflGt ljxf/

G.P.O. Box No. 8975 EPC 5376 dLg ejg, o]F
Kupondole, Lalitpur, Nepal
Email: vijaylaln@gmail.com
kmf]g g+= M $^@@(*$, $^@@@%)

j}Rjg Gx"bF emLu' n'vfo\

yf}+ vF a;\ y'ln hs wfo\t
bgf jf GXon+ ;sn]+ Gx"u' ;'B{M :jo\t
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\
;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM
;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof
sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

Danshova Tuladhar
Principal

Pjg ;]le+u P08 qm]l86 Lasana Pre School

(A Montessori School)
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= PO Box 4357, Gongabu - Ward No. 4, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Pjg ljhg]; sDKn]S;, 7d]n, o]F . kmf]g M $$!!%)^ Phone: 4355615 / 4361143 | Email: lasanaschool@gmail.com

12 yf} +sGx]
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gj gj/Tg cf6{ NEW OPTIC NERVE

lvrfkf]v/L, sf7df8f}+ . kmf]g M $@@#!*!,$@$)!*!
Optometrist & specialist in corrective Glasses & Sun-Glasses
l5tM dfM sy+of Gx" Gx"u' l8hfOgof lt;f Hjn+ bo]s] P.O. Box: 7046 | New Road, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Tel: 4247556 (S), 4270848 (R)
dfM;f j Gofo]dfM;f lhldyfo\ b':jM emf;F .
Helping you see better, look better

j}Rjg Gx"bF emLu' n'vfo\ j}Rjg Gx"bF emLu' n'vfo\

yf}+ vF a;\ y'ln hs wfo\t yf}+ vF a;\ y'ln hs wfo\t
bgf jf GXon+ ;sn]+ Gx"u' ;'B{M :jo\t bgf jf GXon+ ;sn]+ Gx"u' ;'B{M :jo\t
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

SANJAY NATH JOSHI

Proprietor

KATHMANDU ELECTRIC CENTRE g]kfn lk|lG6 xfp;

Iceberg Building, Putalisadak, Ktm, Nepal
Tel: 4412301, 4411115 *(#% HjfndfO{ dfu{, c;gTof}8 6f]n
Email: sanajayjoshi52@gmail.com sf7df8f}+, g]kfn . dfafOn M (&$!)#!@((

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Ko+u" d]r. c+uno\ Sofn]08/5kfM, c+uM3l8 5uM, dxfBM, O{z' j a'4of tl:j/5kfM.
wd{/Tg, HofS;g j wgaxfb'/:jDx kf;flk+ d]ro\ RjgfM j[4f>d 5u" :jgfM GXofs]u ' af/o\ ;xnx h'ofRjgL.

Tj+s]x}xF. ;'yl;of HoMgf+sy+ hf s]Ft/sfl/

wd{/Tg M emL ps'Gx' vF h"y+]lDxuM lh lgyfo\ :jyfo\ Gofn' kfn', Old 7]S sfJoj:yfsy+ uy]gs]xn
GXofsftMu' j[4f>d :jofjof. ttMw+u' dlGb/ cy] go]dfM .
b'yfo\ ;/sf/+GXofsftMu' j[4f>do\ erf pd]/ wgaxfb'/ M Woaf k'n] Djfo]s l;lts+ gs]u' h';]+ln cy]x]nf
cKjM jg]w+s ' "lk+ a'/fa'l/t b'. pv]+y v
' ]+cg u'Dx+ HjL lg.
yM Rjg]u' Sjyfof GXoMg], u'Dx+ kmno\lkmno\ wd{/Tg M a?, rMx|o\, cfdfO, PsfbzLano\ wdf{Tdf
;'v" 5kfM nfofM ;f ug+ cy]+x]g+ k]mt'gfRj+lk+, wfMlk+ jofM u'lnl;g+ la: s6' , u'lnl;g+
Ujf/ft'nfM cf/fd sfo]y]+ ofgfRj+lk+ . u'Dx+ l;;fa';f OgfysL xF. u'an]+yMlk+u' hGdlGxof
u'Dx+ gfk+ RjgfM vF NxfgfRj+lk+ g+ b'. co\Ss bzf kmfo]s  Mj}lk+ jofM dl/5tf lgtf j 5tsf
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jo] ano\ ofvf{gfy] + Rj+, lemhf+ldhf+ b+. lgtsf bf+ g+ laofysL xF.
d]dy] fo\ g+ bSjyf;+ py]+py]+, erferfhs kfM. HofS;g M ;/sf/oft g+ cMx]KjLu' h'n lg, yMlk;+ cKjM
HofS;g M pln x]hs :jofjofu' nf, 5'+ ;Lsfdjof nf< Joj:yf ofgfRjg]DjfMnLano\. cg jMlk;+
wd{/Tg M 5Dx lgDxgfk vF Nxfgfjof === ===. Old go] df+sfMBMofyfo\ jMjM RjgfM jgfRj+lk+t
Tjg]Rjg]u' ljifoo\. aLu'y+]nf laofylsu' HjL lg.
wgaxfb'/ M uf]? hf]to\ ofgfM Hof djo]w+s ' "lk+ uf]?to\ty]+ wgaxfb'/ M ;'+ b'xf+ j}n
 f, ;'gfg+ gsM j}n f wsfM cfzfs'lt
nlxgftn HjL sf, s/+a/+gs]u' ofgfM. h'ofM, lg3L{g h'ofM Rjg]dfMu'. u'HjMlk+hs
wd{/Tg M d]yfo\ b];o\ nf uy]vM d:o,' yg nf 5+ wfMy]+ a'/fa'l/t b}u' HjL cg.
x]emf/f]t/o\ofo]y ]+ofgfM nlxgftMu' vF s+u' vM wd{/Tg M s, sfo\lk;+ a'/f HjLsfM bf]sf]o\ tofM jfo]
Old;+. xMy]+o fMlk+, ;Gtfg dbofM yDx+ Hof ofgfM go]
HofS;g M erf erf emL;+ g+ cGbfh ofo]k'm lg. xfMgfM dkmofM j}R j+lk+ vfgbfgLt g+ b'u' h'ofRjg cg.
db'lk+, gs" Tj+s" db'lk+, :jo]x]Hof ofo]dk'my]+ HofS;g M b]; :jofM e]if wfMy]+u'ln c;'ljwf ef]uo\
Rj+lk+ x]hs d'+sf t}u' nf vM lg cg. ofgfRjg HjL, cg j[4f>do\ RjgfRj+lk;+.
wd{/Tg M cy]x]Gog]b' .. ;'yM dl/5kf j Rof 5u" Unf; wd{/Tg M b'Mvof vF Nxfgf+ nf AofMu' x]dv'. rMla 5u"

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x]ultnfMu' db' xF. p;fFo\ 5sM dGt ls nf s'no\ tofM yMlk+u' ;';fMs';fM ofs]d k'mlk+ 5\
xlaut xF. jf;'lk+ dg"t;]yM d:to\kfv]+lg/fz h'ofM yM
wgaxfb'/ M y'HjMu' vFo\ Ro"tfM sofRj+;f nf nf dv+ a'/f HjLano\oft wsfM ln1f+ sofM j[4f>d
GofTjfM HjLsf. yMu' tfno\ jg]u ' sf emL. g', rfo]sM h"u' wsfM nf]s  o\ rrf{ h";f 5' ofo]u ' <
yf}+of hdfgfoft Njo]s j[4f>d bo]s]u' . HofS;g M sf, cfsfz s'tj' ofM NxfOu' vF. ;'+ 5Dxl;t
wd{/Tg M Yj nf ;/sf/+GXofsfRj+u' j[4f>d sf ===. k/o\ HjLu' vF nf Yj< kl/l:ylt+ ;dfho\
d]u' hgtf+ ;dfh;]j L h'ofM GXofsfRj+u' g+ b' GXofDxl;t+ h'ofj}u ' .
===. -y'yfo\ cdg Yo+sMj}_
HofS;g M uf]Gx'of kfx'gf ;dfh;]jL wfMlk+ 5yf;+ y'n+ wgaxfb'/M cxf] cdg, jf jf sf. 5 g+ 5Dx yf}+sGxo\
Rjg]km}u ' dv'. hf]zo 5sM sfM, v'l; afM of ljrf/o\ NjMDx vM. j[4f>d rfo]s  ]u' vFo\
j}y]+. a'nx' F' a'nx' F' lzlyn h'ofjgLu'. lnkf ;xnx h'ofRj+u' sf.
h"ln;]s/+a/+jx];/sf/L kxM sf. cdg M -d]ro\ km]t t' +_' vF nf ps'Gx' x]h"u' vM. cfM
wd{/Tg M lh rfMlxnfyfo\ :jofM Gogfj}u ' g+ cy]x]vM. u'sy+ ;f]r ljrf/jMu' h'n n]< lh nf laro\
pHjMyfo\ g+ gftfjfb s[kfjfbof a'/f/al' /t x]g+ gfk nfo]g+ dv+.
cKjM xF. wgaxfb'/ M 5]Fo\ 5]Fo\ df+af} a'/fa'l/ h'nls Oldt lrQa'emo\
wgaxfb'/ M sf, y'HjMu' cg]tg]sls{of vFo\ skfM :ofsf ofo]yfs'. nxL yfs'. k|s[ltof lgod+ x]
Rjg]u' dv'. Woaf+ ofO sf GXofu'+ ;]jf. a'/fa'l/ h'nls pv]yv ' ] HjL yfs'Ou'. Rjlv
yf}+sGxo\ j[4f>dof cfjZostf x]d]sy+ HjL kmfo]un ' L x] kl/jt{g jo]km' . 5]FhMl5+ x] b'Mv
w'+sn. Woaf bof+ g+ ;]j f ofMlk+ dbofM xfo\n kmo]dfn]km' . pHjMano\ ;';fM s';fM ofo]t
sfo\n h'ofRj+lk+u' nfuL rfo]s  ]u' sf j[4f>d. yf}+sGxo\of ef}d:tkfv]+ t]xo| \ ofs] yfs' . sfo\
efh' sltnfM, do\h' no\tfM. go]g+ b', yo]g+ lk+t g+ y'HjMu' cj:yf o}u' dv'. pls+ pHjMu'
b'. cj: yfoflk+u' nfuL Wofgo\ tofM psy+of
wd{/Tg M wgaxfb'/o f vF wgofu' hs x]sf. u'HjMu' HjL Joj:yf ofgfM j[4f>d GXofs]u' wofu' vF
n]pHjMu' j[4f>d< h'ofRj+u' sf ===. Woaf b'lk+ 5]Fh  Mof a'/fa'l/to\
HofS;g M cy]nf y'sy+ YjLs]u' sf. dg"t pd]/j+ln;] cMk's slk{;+ ;]jf ofsfM Rjg]b}u,' 5]FhMlk+t g+
a'/fal/ h'ofj}u' . yDx+ Hof ofo] dkmofj}u' . tslnkm dHjLu'. uy]Rj+ Yj ljrf/.
sfo\ef}lklg clkm; b', Hofo\ jg]dfM. a'/fa'l/ cdg M sf efO, lysu' x]vF vM. lhyfo\ g+ y'hfMu' x]
df+af}lk+t ;]jf 6xn ofo]t O{ x]aL dnfM Old. ;d:of j}y ]+h'ofjofRj+u' b' . lhld bfh'lshfof
5]Fo\ Hof ofOlk+ tofM ;]jf ofsftM;f+ ;fdfgof g+ y'HjMu'kfv]x]vF HjLu'. yMlklgu' u'sy+
lxkmfht db' cn]Olk+ lgGx' KoGx' djoflan Joj: yf ofo]u,' df+afMlk+t u'sy+ Joj: yf
ls a'/fa'l/Bf+ nfOu', ;]jf dufOu'. b'Mv wofu' ofo]u' .
blR5of 5Gx'+ x]jo]o M. wd{/Tg M df+af}of ;]jf ;';fM ofo]u' vFo\ h";f DXofo\
wd{/Tg M y'HjMsy+of j[4f>d bo]s]ano\ j[4f>d lklgkfv] + g+ ;d: of AogLu' HjL lg ===.
bo]s"lk+t bf]k+ jo]oM . yMlklg sfo\d:to\t Gxfkfnfs db', dHo"lk+, dk'mlk+ a'/fa'l/to\u' kfv]
yf}+sGx] 15
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lg+ j+;f uy]HjL, j[4f>d wf;]+ln. lgDxl;of+ d:t bfh'lshf tMs]x]Flk+ u'HjMu'
HofS;g M laof5\jo] w'+s"lk+ DXofo\d:t;]+ u'an]+ u'an]+ ldno\ h". Old g+ yMyMlk+ lgDx ltk" lgDx
Ono\ Aono\ jofM ;';fMs';fM ofo]k }mu' g+ HjL ltk" GXofano\ GXofyf;+ Hofo\ jgfRj+u' b',
t/b}lgs hLjg xg]t DXofo\d:t ;bf+ gfk+ rfMXo" jgfRj+u' b'. d:t :jo]d fMu' db', 5]Fo\
b}nf < DXofo\d:t jo] dk}mano\ df+af}of emg TjMtfys]j ufM. Oldhs+ sfo\ DXofo\, sfo\
hs cfz+ SogfM lg/fz h'ofM cy]+x]lzlyn rf DXofo\rf sf. emL nf nflx, bSj+ 5o\
h'ofjg]km' . k'tf. sf Wofg tofRjg]dt]y'HjMu' vFo\.
wgaxfb'/ M y'HjMu' v]Fo\ dYjMu' gfgf ts{ 5fo\ < DXofo\lk;+ df+Dx M 5' wfo], 5' wfo]sf. ef}d:t;]+g+ KjfSslkSs
yMyMu' 5]FsM3fO sf, Oldg+ nf kl/jf/b' cy]+ cy]x]wfOu'.
b'v ;L, yy]+b'v ;L. Woaf b'lk+t lg+ DjfQn] af}
Dx M lh+ Gogfu' nf, Olk+ Aofun+ RjgfM 5Gt
;'v ;Ls]sf g'. cfM 5fo\ lwnf. Woafof rLwLDxl;yfo\ to]u' xF, lhtM tMwLDxl;yfo\
hdfgfo\ vr{ ofOlk+t g+ cMk', emLy]+ofMlk+ to]u' xF. Yj 5]Fafn+ tofM cnu cnu lgvf
sdfo\ ofOlk+t g+ nFk' . of]h  gfa4+ j[4f>d 5]FGofgfM Rjg]u' xF.
rfo]s]u' h'n. yf}+of ;ef yg x]lj;h{g sf. df+Dx M dbo] s dufM wsfM jgLsf ODyfo\. Olk+
-wls+ Sjxf+j}_ Aofun+ Rjg]j+ emL g+ Aofun+ RjgL nf.
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lgu"u' n' nlR5 5Dxl;yfo\ j nlR5 d]Dxl;yfo\ tofM
gsfto]u' xF.
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5kfM. 6]lanrf 5u'nL s?jf 5uM, Unf; 5uM j xln{s;of ef}lklg kfxfF h'ofRjg]u' <
;L;L 5uM. c+uno\ Sofn]0 8/5kfM j BMof kmf]6 f]5kfM. af}
Dx M yf} +sGxo\ dg"to\ larfM x]lxn]w'+sn.
df+Dx vftfSjo\of nf;fo\ ot'gfRjgL. af} Dx d] vo/ yMlyltlk+ g+ pHjMlk+ x], Ho" Ho" wfOlk+hs.
c+uMsjo\of rsltnf;fo\ ot'gfM klqsf :jofRjgL._ sfo\lk;+ larfM ofo]wf;]+ln 5u" Joj:yfo\
df+Dx M afa' cdg+ w'Rrfklts+ wofRjgLu' Olk+ lgDx Rj+;f nf lh x]Ho" lg wfOu'. cn]Yj pd]/o\
bfh'lshfoft ;+klQ ;Lbo]s  5'to\ ofgfAo' xF. Yog]w'+sfM sfo\lk;+ jf:tf dofM;f 5' ofo]u,'
df+afMlk+ ofpFs RjF xF. z/L/GXofan]+kmofRjgL dv' wsfM Vofhs
af}Dx M cfM 5' n], oft's Rj+Rjgfu' b' nf emLlk+. VofOlk+.
bfh'lshf ldno\ho' fM Rj+u' x]b', kLlg -rLwLDx sfo\ cdg j ef} gMln j} . ef}Dxl;s] ld;fafo\u\
eDrft;]+5]Fof dfMu' ;';fMs';fM ufsfM Rj+u' x] 5u" b'._
b'. 5' 5'to\ ofo]d fMu' cfM. cdg M df+ yf}+labf b', x'Fsg GXoMg];+ Rj+u' ufdo\
df+Dx M lkg]:jLu' :jLu' vF Gogfj}u ' . ;+ut x]af+dnfM. 5sM rfMlxnfjo].
larfM x]kfo]w +s
' n. -cdg af}Dxgfk+ t'+ Rj+u' rsltO oTjL. ef}Dx gMln
af}Dx M dy"lk;+ larfM kfsn wsfM emL;+ larfM df+Dxl;yfo\ gfk+ Rj+jgL._
kfs]u' nf< emLu' 5]Fo\ u'HjMu' GXofOk'. Olk+ df+Dx M yf}+5' b', cg ufdo\<

16 yf} +sGx]
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 Kofv+ NofM

cdg M bfOof 5yfo\ 5vf 5]FGofo]t a}gf laofto] 5]Fofu' hs vF Nxf.

w'+sn. d:to\t g+ Sogfxn. d:t no\tfn cdg M -df+af}of VjfM :jofM, gMlnoft kltg+ ;'ofM
xF. SogfM_ lh+ j}t 5u" ;+:yfofu' vF sgft}u' b',
df+Dx M b/af/x]Gofgflt n]5' h'n< yM Rj+Rjgfu' Sogft}u' b'. jx]vF GXoy+u' sf j+. b];ljb];o\
5]Fo\ Sjft's cfgGb+ RjF n]. jgfM :jofjo]w'+s"lk+, emLyfo\of ttMUjMu'
cdg M cfgGb wof+ 5' ofo] yMlklg yg ;'of+ GXok'jfnt;]+rno\ofgftMu' ;+:yfof vF sf.
lndnfM. pv]y v ' ]Hof ofM x'F, clkm; x'F. j[4f>d wfO sf psLoft . a'/fa'l/lklg 5]Fo\
d:to\ cfvM AjFAj+ lndnfM. df+afMof pd]/ :jofM ;';fMs';fM ;]jf oSj+ ufOu' yfo\.
jg]w+s' n. df+afMoft 5]Fo\ :j}u' ;'gf+< lhld cg Rjg]ano\ df]Nx'sLu', ;FvfsLu', n'l;
yMlk+t x]lrGtf jo]w +s ' n. rfgfsLu', j;M xLu', ;kmfO ;'3/of nfuL dfSj
gMln M vM wof. lDxuM ttfMh'+ g+ woflbn Joj:yf ofgftMu' yfo\ . /]l8of] Gog]dfM;f+,
df+afMoft emL;+ u'ln :jo] km} . 5]Fo\ Rjg] 6LeL :jo]dfM;f+ bofRjgLu'. k"hfkf7 ehg
;'of+ nfMu' dv'. Ono\ 5sM gs]t x]xyfo\ ofsft}u' . Ono\ Aono\ kj{lbgt xgfRjgLu'.
kyfo\. Gxfkf+ lkxfF x'F, lnafs b'xfF jf. Dx g+ wd{b]zgf, k|jrgof HofjM bofRjgLu'. bFo\
nf lzlyn lg. Ono\ dnft ls df+afM k'tk' t' ' 5SjM lgSjM dlGb/o\ pv]+yv ' ]+tLy{bz{g cflbO
xfnfRjgL. o+sfRjgLu' . KjfM:ofM df]:ofMy]+ ofMu'of
cdg M -af}Dxkfv]:jofM_ vM afM, y'sy+ 5u" nf ;fdfGo jf;Mtf;Mts+ ofOu' yfo\. lndnfMlk+
cfMx] Joj:yf ofgfto]dfMy]+ Rj+ . afMdf+lk+t 5]FhMlk+t tslnkm x]b} dv'. tMw+u' ;]jf
ofpFs to]k mt wfM;f lhld dg x]ofpF;]RjgL. h'ofRjgLu'.
af}Dx M l5Dt 5fo\ ofTjLdfMu' b' n]< lhlk+ 5' df+Dx M emLyfo\ DjfM y'hfMu' u'an] + db'u' rng,
;g]dkmofM nf;fo\ Ujf/fUjf/f t'nfRjgflk+ 5]FTjMtfM pv]+yv ' ]+Rj+jg]u' . sfo\ DXofo\
nf< 5]Fa'F ;+klQ db'lk+ nf< kf;f efO, drfvfrf w:jfMlk+t 5fo\ dfMu' b', pHjM
yMlylt ;'+ x]db'lk+ nf< pHjMu' vF. dfMdfMlk+t dfM;f dfn sf,
cdg M afM wfM;f vF x]Nxfo]nfOdv', ;f]r g a'em s'n3/flgofto\t DjfMDjfMu' vF.
cy]+ x] xfnfx}u' . -af}Dxl;of kf;f ljj]s t'Kn'Ss Yo+sMj}. n+ ;'?jfM g]jfM
af}Dx M l5ld;+ 5' ;f]r a"em t}u ' b' n]< drfvfrfof j;M_
dfof+ tfkfsfM, s'nk/+k/f x]Djfo]s  yM oMoMy] ljj]s M vfkf af+nfs rfM. ;'?;'? jof sf lh nf.
HjLt :jMu' sf l5ld;+. lhld;+ dy" wsfM Ejo\eL GofM nfls 5', ;NnfaNnf h'ofRj+lk+
nf< y]+Rj+.
gMln M afMlk;+ dGo+lg sf, no\tfOu' vF. -cdgof -cdg j gMln+ gd:t]ofO_
VjfM : jofM_ l5lslk+u' ;+:yfofu' vF af}Dx M jf, ot'. yf}+labfof lbg. cy]+vFNxfaNxf
5sM sgflb;F n], cy]+x]no\tfo]s  fbL lg, ofMjofRj+u' sf. bfh'Dx g+ j}ltlg HjL.
GXofOk'sfbL lg. ljj]s M -af}Dxl;of VjfM :jofM_ VjfM erf rds+y]+
df+Dx M do\ do\ lkg]ofu' vF. yMlk+u' hs vF Nxf. yMu' Rj+. 5' vF h'ofRj+u' <
yf}+sGx] 17
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

cdg M cF, ssf emfMu' lys x]h'n sf. 5tf vF n'd+s]dfM. s'nof ef}d:t;]+g+ df+gu' M b'lk+
wofRjgfu' sf, df+afMlk+t . yf}+sGxo\of ld;flk+ vM wsfM yMlk+t YjLs]dfM. df+af}of
;'ljwfhgs j[4f>dof vF. nfuL jfo]o+s] sy+of j[4f>dof larfn+
ljj]s M 5' l;nl;nfo\ jMu' n]Yj vF< yLs]dt] .
cdg M cF ===. bfOof g+ lh g+ Hofo\ jg]dfM. ttfMh'of gMln M ssf, ykfo\xfsMu' vF n'd+sfRjg]x]DjfM.
g+ -gMlnoft SogfM_ jof g+ clkm; jg]dfM. yf}+sGxo\ On+ Ao"sy+ pd]/j+lk+u' nfuL
d:to\ cfvM AjFAj+, Aj+ jFj+ lndnfM. df+afMlk+ j[4f>do\ emg\ 8Aant]A a/ ;'v ;'ljwf b}.
5]Fo\ RjgfRjgLlk+t ;';fMs';fM lbgrof{ afMdf+lk+t cHoMyfo\ cfgGb+ to]a no\ lhld;+
rno\ofo]x]yfs'. cfw'lgs j[4f>dof vF jgfM g+ nf dfMu' ;]jf ofx]ofo]lg.
sgfRjgfu' sf, slk{;+ ;]j f ofsfM ;'v cfgGb+ af}Dx M 5]Fo\ x]nf x;Mkm;M lndnfM wfOlk;+ :jM
Rjg]b}u' . jgLsf :jLt+ pv]+yv ' ]+. sltnfM kfsMt.
ljj]
s M b]; ljb] ;of vFo\ ;Lsfhs to]u' sf. ljj]s M ;f] d:t, ;gftg k/+k/fo\ RjgfM df+af}
g]kfMldto\u' nfuL yMu' x] ;+:sf/ ;+:s[lt kl/jf/lklgk|lt st{Jolgi7 h'ofM 5]FxgfRjg
b', yMu' x];'v cfgGbof kl/kf6L b'. xfMgfM wfM;f yu' 5]Fx]dlGb/vM. a'/fa'l/to\u'
db'lk+t hs wd{zfnfo\ to]u' HjL, j[4f>do\ nfuL 5]Fx]:jtM kljq j[4f>d HjLu' vM.
to] u' HjLsf. pHjMlk+ x]hs j[4f>do\ dg"h;' ]+ln ;sn]+a'/fa'l/HjL. sfo\, 5o\, 5\
Rj+jgL sf. jL, pO GXofDx x]HjLdf yMu' x]hLjgk4ltof
cdg M cy]dv', ssf+ vF dy"lg sf. yf}+sGxo\ k/+k/fo\ Rjg wfM;f ;Gtfg b/;Gtfg k/Gt'ts+
of ;'ljwfo'Qmu' OHht b'u' j[4f>dof af/o\ cfgGb+ hLjg xg]u' h'ofjgL.
cMk'u,' GXofOk'u,' af+nfMu' vF k'ms+ sg]w g' lg cdg M Yj nf l;dl;d dxf/fhof kfno\ofu' k'nf+u' vF
lh+, afMdf+lk+t. y]+h'n sf. ;+;f/ug Yog]w'+sn. GXofan]+
ljj]s M afa', lh+ dy" wfo]dt]. lh g+ nf e'Qmef]u L vM 5u" x]Joj:yfsy+of b'lgof GXofgfRjgL nf.
lg. b]; gofM z]if HjLw'+Dx. -Ujfro\ 5sM cy]+x]k'msl;of+ b'Mv l;ofRjg v}nf<
yo\s yL_ ;+;f/o\ emLlk+ k"jL{o lzIff, bLIff df+Dx M ssflk+gfk x]hjfM;jfM ofOu' sf. yMu'
j ;+:sf/o\ Sjft'lk+. y'u' nf]s
 , k/nf]s
 lgtf+ 5]Fof larfM ofM;f ufx]ufM lg. gfgfkl08tof
b'lk+. dg" Djftn]oft lzi6sy+ hLjgk4lt Ujfro\ lGx yfM. 5' pu'+ y'u+' xfnfRjgfu' j.
x];'yf+ nfsfto]w'+s"lk+. yM, yMu' kl/jf/, ljj]s M :j, Yj j[4f>d bo]s]u' w}u' sfo\DXofo\
yMlklg gftfs'tf, ;dfh cn]ljZjo\ ts+ lk+t lhDd]b f/L+ kG5o\ofo]u' vM. Woaf b'lk+u'
sNof0fdfu{of of]h  gf tofM ;gftg k/+k/f Woaf :jxfo]sfM lalhg]; ofOlk+u' kl/sNkgf
hLjg xgfjlk+. /fdfo0f, dxfef/t, a'4of vM. Woaf db}jgLano\, p;fFo\ db} ano\
lzIff s'l/sl' /b'lk+. kmQn]g, TjF, l;gfx'F d"tfM dbofM lvrf+ d;Lu' b'Mv ;Lu' yfo\
wfOlklgu'y] +ofMu' emLu' hLjgxgf dv' . vM, y'HjMu' j[4f>d w}u ' . GXoMg]jMu' vFhs
cfd lkg]lkg]of km;o\ KjLsM HjLu' dv'. :jo]dt]. ln1f+ bo]ls. sfo\lk+y]+, nflxof
sfo\, s'nk'tf h'ofM yMu' st{Jo j cfr/0f ;Gtfgy]+HjLnf pHjMyfo\of ;]j f 6xn ofOlk+

18 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

sd{rf/Lt < d+t. cfMnf emg\ cfkt.

cdg M sf, GXofu';f+ y'n vF h'n. cfM bfOln;]vF ljj]s M j[4f>dnf ;fw' ;Gt j BMoft cf>do\ to]y]+
NxfgfM 5' ofo]d fn ofo]sf. ef]l5l;t+ l5+sy+ HjLdfMu'. yg nf lvRj sfo]d fn wfo]j ,
ofo]x]dfn. nf]so\ rno\ h"y]+g+ nf HjLdfn tfxfMNjo\ h'n wfo]j jf:tf dofOu'. lGx+ lGx+
lg. Rj+sRj+s g+ Ono\ Woaf k'n]dk'mt wfo]j
gMln M sf, Rof 5sM elk. lh+ Rof bfo]s  f xo]. lkltgf5\ju} ' . y'HjMu' vF nf lh+ l5ld bfh'lk+t
-gMln jgL. wls+ g+ Sjxf+ j}_ af+nfs ;Demo\ ofgflaofu' x]vM.
;Ldf M lhs]nf 5sM Go+u' ts g+ dv'. yg j[4f>do\
to]w+s
' fM k'ms vF sgfRj+u' . tMw+u' ;'ljwf b' xF
:ju+ u" ' n'
wsfM wfMu'.
-j[4f>dof b[Zo. Sjyfo\ vftf 5u". 6]lano\ nMyn j ljj]s M Woaf k'nfM Rjg]u' nf vM lg. Dx+ kmtn], Woaf
jf;M. 6]lnlehg 5uM. c+uno\ ug]B Mof lskf k'nfRjFtn]pu'+ y'u+' dgf]/~hg laoft}u' vM.
5kfM. d]r lgu". t'tf+ 5k'. df+Dx vftfo\ b'. dfMu' nf czQmof Ono\ oft vM lg. emLyfo\
Aoyf+ Ujt'nfM lj+lj+ld+s ;f;M NxfgfRjgL. pHjMu' wd{ j ;]j fof j[4f>d ug b'<
DXofo\Dx ;Ldfdf+of k'+muo\ lbsftMu' a]S jMu' HofofODx M c: ktfno\ o+sfbLu' dv'nf < ygofu'
5+ tKo+sfRjgL. ljj]s j}._ l8: rfh{ofu' Woaf k'nfM o+sflb;F. s'g]
;Ldf M -Vjvgf;n+_ ssf, 5' ofo], df+ t;s+ dk'm. cfDa'n]G; g+ xo]w+s ' n.
yg wfM;f ls 5]Fo \ o+ls, ls c:ktfno\ o+ls ;Ldf M -df+ofyfo\ SjyLs : jofM_ sf/ ]ssf, 5'
wsfM wfM j}Rjg. ofo]u' < bfO g+ Yo+sM jMu' dv'. df+of g+ Dx
ljj]s M Yj Ono\ Uj, l5ld bfh'lk+ djMnf< t;s+ oft'ofRj+u' b'. -df+Dxl;of ldvf Ejo\
;Ldf M lDxuM tMwLDx bfO jn. c:ktfno\ x]o+s]dfnL sgfjgL_ ssf, :j/], df+oft 5' h'n<
w}sy+ yf}+jo]wsfM j+u' . rLwLDx bfO nf yg -xyfo\ rfofM ljj]s + yo\s :j}_
x]db'. cd]l/sfo\ xF. df+ dk'm wsfM nf wof5\ ljj]s M sf, sf, dv'y]h'n. ldvf ysg. -df+Dx+ k|f0f
jofu' vM. va/ nf jn cfdsg af+nfs TjMtn_
:j lGx+, yg l5g]; fy jo] wofxn. afM g+ yy] ;Ldf M oM df+, oM df+
x]h'ofM d+t. u'lnrf+ db'lg. yy]x]h'n. -cfDa'n]G;of 8fOe/ b'xfF j}_
ljj]s M df+ erf t;s+ dk'my]+Rj+. yg 8fS6/t;]+:jM 8fOe/ M sf, cfDa'nG]; xo]w+u' ' . yg nf d]s  y+ x]
djMnf< Joj:yfks wfMlk;+ g+ larfM ofM h'n. cfM lhu' Hof d+t. zjafxgof efnfo\
djMnf< nfo]w+s ' n. -8fOe/jgL_
;Ldf M yg Hof ofOlk+ dg"t hs 5\jofx}u' . Woafof ;Ldf M -VjVj+_ df+, oM df+
lan laofysLu'. Woaf g+ b'u' dv'. bfOg+ g+ ljj]s M gf/fo0f
cf;]n], :jo]sf wsfM jgLu' . afMof a}+so\ Hofld M cf;] lGx+, lh+ s'g] ;'k/efOh/oft va/
Rj+u' Woaf k'ms pano\ jf;M ofof+ x]k'mt. ofgfaL.
tMNjo\ h'ofM d+t. 5' ofo] Woaf g+ k"m afM g+ -Hofld jgL. wls+ s'tj' }_
yf}+sGx] 19
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM

;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof
sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\
;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM
;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof
sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\
u'0f Hof;M k;M
Guna Jyasha Pasa
for Gold & Ornaments

Guna's Silver mart

for All Kinds of Silver Goods
Tel: 5534149

on zf] ?d, k"Nrf]s . kmf]g %%#$!$*, %%@%!)%

o]F zf] ?d, e]8fl;+u . kmf]g $@$$$$@
o1/Tg wfVjf
Email: shakyadilip@yamil.com rfs'kf6, on

g]jfM drf+ yMu' efiff vF Ajg]u' db', ;sl;of+ le+ h'OdfM

vF Nxfo] d;Og+, cem g+ ;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\, tfMcfo' j
hgtf Djf;f efiff DjfO ;'v zflGtof sfdgf of;]+
wof g]jfMhs dv' efiff eflif ;sl;t+ :jlGt gvM j Gx" bF !!#* of
em+u Nxfo] Tjtf :yfgLo lgsfokfv]+ n;tfo\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt
g]jfM :s'n rfo]s] kmo]df .
Gx"u' bFof Yjx] le+t'gf .
8f= /fd uf]kfn sfoi7
al/i7 dz' lrlsT;s
g]jfM On]S6f]lgS; kf;f e]6]l/g/L lSnlgs
tf}nf5]F(, Vjk b/af/dfu{, ;fsf]yf, eQmk'/ . kmf]g M ^^!!)%^

20 yf} +sGx]
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 Kofv+ NofM

;sl;of+ le+ h'OdfM, ;sl;of+ ho h'Odf

;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\, tfMcfo' j
;'v zflGtof sfdgf
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

Hof]lt ;d"x
Hof]lt ejg, sflGtky, sf7df8f}+ .

;sl;of+ le+ h'OdfM, ;sl;of+ ho h'Odf

;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\, tfMcfo' j
;'v zflGtof sfdgf
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

;ljg >]i7, gfoM

nlntk'/pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3
d+unahfM, on

yf}+sGx] 21
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

yf}+of Dofsj]y k'ik lrqsf/

-ljZjk|l;4 z]S zlko/of Dofsj]y Kofv+of 5'+ lnw+;f sof_

k|s[ltof Eo" j ;f+:s[lts lskft yfo\yf;o\ ovfgftMu' Sjyf. rflxn]l5+s rfsnfSs ;f]kmf;]6 j skmL 6]a'n b' . l/sflkof
Bf]g]l/sflk+ x]Tjk'oftMu' nM b'u' lunf; lbsftMu' b'. n'vf Rj;+ tVtf 38L lbgfRj+u' b'. a'n'x'F wls+ rfnL.

t]hgfy M -gfl8O Rj+u' 38L :jof_ cfts+ kf;flk+ Yo+u' g+ jf:tf x] dof;] df]6/kfv] jn . a8Luf8{
dv'. df]6/+Sjxf+ jgf lrOs]t ;g+ Rjt's jfgf5\
kz'klt M yf}+nf ldn]h'Onf ls< jo]Tog. k]:tf]n Sogf Vofo]t ;g+ uf8{of
t]hgfy M 5' wfo]k'm. Ho" wsf yg+ jgf sGx]kf;flk+ dfg] uMkM TofKk Hjgf jfyfjfyf s+sn. k]:tf]n
ofs]t u'ln ;gfg+ kf;flk+ dfg]x]dh" wsf vF lnsof uf8{oft x'Q]ofgf 5\jn. uf8{ nF
rflxOlslk+ b'yfo\. l;yo\of kMvfno\ GofgfM a] xf]
z h'n.
t]hgfy M 5\jgfRj+lk+ b;]+ln. l;Tof+rf ;f+ u'ln aNnfDx. df]6/x]8nfO6o\
kz'klt M l5tM lhtM g+ nf 5\gftMlk+ wsf ao\ao\. lkQ'lkn. lunf; lnsfn Ujo\ GXoMy] +
-t]hgfy lunf;o\ Rj+u' nM Tjgf lunf; 6]a'no\t'+ lbsL_ Sjf/fSjf/f GXon . 8fOe/ Uofgf la:o'+jg .
zlQm/fd M yf} + nf lnafSs Rjg]df;f+ SjMlhsf 5\ lh Uoflrs' kxn+ :jofRjgf. xfs';] Rjgf
jo]dfnL. Eofnf+ tMln;]k+uMt cy]+cy]+ lklkwf u'ln ;fO{ h'O wfwf+. kf+u|fof 6k
Btgft'+ jO. ot'on . cn] Sjf/Sjf/lt ofgf GXoo]t
t]hgfy M SjMl5gf lb;F / ]
. lhlk+ nf GXofAn] + ;g. df]6/nf y'ln ;fM ;f b'g]R j+Dx u'ln
dfg]h'ofRjgfu' x]b'. vF nf l5slklgu' wsf ;fOu' h'O. ttMUjMu' ldvf+ :jof wofxn.
n] . kfM jO ltlg. lhu' KjfM dhfMlg.
-n+ ;'?jf j v/fgL sf]6+ lkmgf tk'nL k'gftMDx_ kz'klt M d:t Vofo]t slgu' bGTosyf dv'nf<
lztn/fh M -lztn/fh k'mF k'mF ld+sf Uofkxn+_ yg ug lztn/fh M -yMu' x]w'go\_ lh Uoft df]6 /of vfkf rfo]sf
;'n]u' yfo]b'< HjgsL sftfs't' ofgf g'gf5\ la:o'+jgf. x]la:o'+ jg]bOdv'. SjfKnf
jO. SjfKnf go]dfgL wfwf+ lhkfv]Ajf+ jn. y'v]
-k'mSs+ ch"rfO_ x]jofRj+u' b'.
zlQm/fd M cfDy]Uofgf+ 5' h'O. xfFs wfFs tof jg]dfMlk+ . -Sjyf+ lkg]3f/f3'? ;M jO. cfof afaf wfMu' ;Mg+
lztn/fh M tMlwsDx l;Tof+rfDx dg'v+ jftf+ YjofjO. lztn/fh Uofgf t]hgfyof sf}rof No"g];" jgL.
bgf nF kgflan. 8fOe/+uf8L lbsf x/g lan k'mSs yf/fGx'Os a]tf]/+ vfkf jf/fSs rfo]sf l;Tof+rfDx

22 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

dg" XjfQ b'xf+ jO. k'mSs ch"rfO. lt+Gx'of jO_

l;Tof+rf M -pv]+y'v]+:jof x/{/lGxnL_ g;f nf oSj b' vlg zlQm/fd M kfGb;of drfoft x'Qf+ ofgf 5\jo]lh+.
KjfMTo+s hfo]s]t . lztn/fh M -Nxf Ajo]sf_ vM vM, kfGb;of drfoft y]+
-Sjyfo\ Rj+lk+ dg"t j+ jOu' j+ jOu' VjfM :jof ch"rfO_ x'Qf+rf ofo]dfMDx.
t]hgfy M lhld+ ldl6+u RjgfRjgfu' Sjyfo\ ;'g+ b'xf+ jo] l;Tof+rf M l;Tof+rf+ sj+ h'Ow'+s"lklgu' Kjfy+ Koxf+ju'
dHo"yfo\ 5fo\< ug+ jOu' vM cM cg+ x]x'F. ldTofM :ofo]dkmOsy+ eid ofOltlg.
l;Tof+rf M go]lkToflrof Kjfyo\ RofgfRj+u' ld snls -wfwf+ Koxf+ jg]t knfM GXofs'+GXofs'+ n'vfo\ blg_
k'mSs+ gfofjgL. kz'klt M u'ln dfQ]h'of xfnfRj+u' Yj.
zlQm/fh M co\=== lhldu' xTof ofo]u' dlt+ jofu' nf< lztn/fh M lGx lh+ d'Os]nf Yjoft.
5y]+Hoflk+ l;Tofrf+. -Nxf Dx"lrgf n+rf ysfO GXof]go\ jg]t :jO_
l;Tof+rf M yMoft gs]kmSj gsf l;Tof+ h"lklgu' vF x] l;Tof+rf M -5s kmlxnf_ rfo]s]dk'mu' ldl6+u Sjyfo\
yHofu' h'O. l;Tof+rflklgu' ldTofM na" na" sfsf+ jOltlg
kz'klt M -sf} r+ h'?Ss bgf tDj+_ go]l kTofDx wfy]+jOltlg. -wfwf+ Koxf+ jgL_
l;Tof+rf, u'OF ttMdfu' l;dft oSj b' . t' go]y ]+ -k'mSs+ sf}ro\ ot'O. ns; erf zfGt_
RjfORjfO GXoM x'F. zlQm/fd M ldl6+uof d"8 x]:o+sflan .
l;Tof+rf M ug b' l;dft< gffd'f h'Os go]w'+sn lztn/fh M jx]nf wOu', d"8 x]5v]5v]nfs]w'+sn.
e"tto\;+. zlQm/fd M lhldu' Ph]0 8f GXoygflb;F. dv';f lhlk+ g+
zlQm/fd M nM hs Tjgf;f+ DjfgfRjg]k'm, nM of nM b'u' KoxfF jg]Ton.
b]zo\ . t]hgfy M Koxf+ emfof ;d:of Holgu' vM;f emf;F. ldn]
l;Tof+rf M v'l; x]u+s nMof d'xfgof nF kmlxsf nMwfM ofo]t :jofRj+sRj+s wlDs Ao";f ;'of 5'
ug ug h'Os nM GXofsf Rj+yfo\ nv+ KjfM nu]h'O<
yg]u' < -Sjyf a'n'x'F Vo'+of jO. k'mSs ch"rfO. Osy+ a'n'x'F
t]hgfy M rnM of rnM jo]s Njxt+ g+ kro\ ofo]w'+sn dtRof Rof+ tKjfM h'ofjO . jtf -k"j{kfv]_ dg"of cfsf/
bfgjto\;+. a'n'x'F l;Obof jO, sf}rkfv]lwlslx+ GXofgft'+ jofRjgL_
kz'klt M cfM 5' wofDxn]< lztn/fh M -erf Uoflrs' kxn+_ emL kfv] x] GXof
l;Tof+rf M l;Tof+lrof go]lkTofu' KjfM yg]u' Yj Sjyf jofRjg. l;Tof+rf+ kf;flk+ Ajgfxn
efo]KjM d]u' 5' b'< ls5' <
t]hgfy M -sf}r+ h'?Ss bgf_ lhldu' xTof ofo]u ' ;'/sf Zj]tk|;fb M ld;fDx y]+Rj+.
dv'nf< kz'klt M vM vM, ld;fDx x]vM.
-k'mSs+ sf}r+ bgf l;Tof+rfoft cfqmd0f ofgf lkt5\jo]t -ldvf lguM j Dx't'KjfM vg]bo]s 5g+lg;]+t'ltO Yo+s
:jO_ jfpFu' sfkt+ jfKk Tjk'gfRj+Dx ld;f. k'mSs+ ch"rfo]s
lztn/ fh M -sf} rof No"g]5+ hs lksof_ d'OsL GXof]g] bF jO_
l;Tof+rfoft, lhtM go] u' dltO tMDx ld;f ! M ch"rfo]dfMu' db'. Sjdrfu' ldl6+u
lkrf;oft. ss' ss' ltgf5\j. -sf}r+ k'mQ Sjrfn y]+ Dofsj]y .
yf}+sGx] 23
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

Zj]tk|;fb M ldl6+u wsf uy]l;n 5+< lztn/fh M sf sf, wfo]DjfM /fi6jfb lh g+ vM, sf :j
ld;f ! M ln;M sfo] GXoM hjo\ 5s ldvf sf n+ ;'?jf, tSjM tk'lnts+.
AjM;fHo" . KoDx ld;flk+ M -Vof/ Vof/lGxnf, tSs lbgf_ a; j
-ld;f ! y]+hfMu' ns; :j:j gDa/@, ! gfk Rj+jgL_ vFUjno\ dv' /fi6jfbof Dxl;sf.
ld;f @ M uf]Ko ldl6+u Sjyfo\ jo]dHo"u' lhld;+ Zj]tk|;fb M co\;f g'uM kmfof Sog]dfnnf lhlk+
:o" . co\g+ jofRjgf . Dofsj]y, lhlk+ /fi6jfb wsf<
lgDx hs dv' b]kf kfv]g + jofRj+u' b' lh ld;f $ M g'uM kmfof So+;fkmOdv', dl0fr"8+ y]+5+
y]+Rj+Dx, Dofsj]y. k'mSsl;u' Wofg b]kf kmfof n'Os]kmOdv' /fi6jfb.
kfv]jlgO. Gxfkfy]+HofMu' ns;o\ jof ld;f ! M efjgfof Hofo\ XjOu'ln vMor' lkr'u'
!, @ gfk RjlgO -ldh+t yMyM bYjL Gxfo\ g:jf :jf+ y]+ .
kgo\ vFNxfO_ ld;f @ M /fi6of nflu+ Hofgk|f0f laof Njfgf gj]{
ld;f # M ldl6+uo\ afwf h'n h'O. Tofs"Dx Dofsj] y /
fi6jfbof gfos.
ld;f ! M lhlk+ lsrsGof dv', af]S;L g+ dv'lk+. :s6n}08jf;Lof lk|o kfq h'of g+ tfMts
No"g]kfv]+;' jofRj+u' b'. wfy]+Dx Dofsj]y h'Odk'mDx Dofsj]y.
-k'mSsl;of Wofg No"g] . ld;f ;/f;/jof GXof]oflk+ ld;ft d]lk+ kf;flk+ M l5+ yMoft Ajof lhldt 5v]nfs]u' dv'.
gfk+ RjRj+ GXo;M ygL_ lhld;+ g+ alnbfg laofu' b' Hofgk|f0f
ld;f $ M uf]Ko ldl6+u uAn]SjrfO Dofsj]y< kfgfu' b'.
kz'klt M ofM n'vf x]db'yf;+. KoDx ld;flk+ M j+ joft, j+ joft 5sM :jof -lv/{/
KoDx ld;flk+ M -5u" x];n+_ lhldt n'vf, ofM dfM lGxnfxO_
wOu' db'. lhlk+ n'vf, ofM, c+uM Rj+ ld;f # M ps]+nf Dofsj]y wsfM cg'df]bg ofgfu'
GXofyf;+ jo]k'm. -wfwf+ KoDx 5rf rflxnf xfg+ GXof]g ]t'+
Zj]tk|;fb M -kltg+ ;'of_ emLt x]3]/o \ ofMjMlk+ vM blg_
y'lk+, Dofsj]yof ljr]; (witches) -lztn/fh dSv h'of sf]6of sn/;fnf ldn]ofO, tSjf
ld;f ! M lDxuM yf}+j sGxo\of vF sg]t 5\jofxMlk+ tk'ln erf 9Ns]ofO_
O{of ;"qwf/vM lhlk+. ld;f # M t/ Dofsj]y vofg+ Dofsj]y h'of
t]hgfy M Dofsj]y Dofsj]y yg ;' Dofsj]y < DjfgfRjg]dk'mt. kfk+ e'+u' nf]eof b'b{z}
ld;f @ M dg" k'mSs Dofsj]y vM. b'b{zf+ 3]/ o\ ofsf ozsLlt{ k'mSs+ :jfxf
ld;f # M dg" k'mSs Dofsj]y h'OdfM gj]{ b]o\ lar/f Dofsj]y .
TofsfjDx Dofsj]y dh'Os+ dg" yfxf+ jg] t]hgfy M -h'?Ss bgf_ oz, sLlt{ :jfxf ofsf lh
kmOdv'. u'An]+b'b{zfof nf;fo\Ujt'n] dv'.
t]hgfy M -sf}r+ bgf_ sf :j tk'ln+ lg;]+t'ltO ts+ ld;f ! M yMoft lrOdk'mlk+;+ lkg]Sog]u' vFUjMt
n+ ;'?jf /fli6o j;M, /fi6jfbof Dxl;sf. a'n'a'n' bf;L jo]sf SogLu' cfDy]vM.
zlQm/fd M sf :j, /fi6jfbof Dxl;sf lh g+ n+ Zj]tk|;fb M -yMu' sf}r + bgf t]hgfyof sf}r No"g]bgf
;'?jf. erf tDj+ efj+_ lhldt Dofosj]y, n]8L

24 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

Dofsj]yof Snf; sfo]d fMu' db'. lhldu' ld;ft vg]dbo\j+ a'n'x'F t'Oof jO_
nflu lhld;+ x]Hof ofo]u' vM, ofgf Zj]tk|;fb M -c+uno\ Rj+u' 38L :jof_ 7fs'/, co\
Rjgfu' g+ b'. yg ldl6+u :o+s]t jOlk+, 7fs'/, 7fs'/
xNnfvNnf ofgf Rjg]u ' clwsf/db', O{ 7fs'/ M -AjfFo\ jj+_ xh'/.
g+ db'. emf;+ ug+ jOu' vM cg+ x]j+;f Ho" lztn/fh M xh'/xh'/dv', j 38L 5fo\ lbgfRj+u' xF<
-wfwf+ Koxf+ jgL. erf hfo\sf vNtLof yy]lbgfRj+u' 38L tofto]wOu' bO<
?dfn+ Nxf x'x'F yMu' sf}ro\ ot" jO._ 7fs'/ M Yj Sjyfo\ ldl6+u h'n ls rn]h'h'+ cy]+
ld;f @ M bo]To+u' oz sLlt{ g+ :jAofgf cx+of d[To'+ x]lbgfjlgu'.
:jfxf ofOu' zlQm jofRj+u' b'. cfkfM kz'klt M yLyL /f]ut jofRj+u' b', 38Loft g+ 5' /f]u+
lkOdfnL dv' cfM. sn ls<
kz'klt M -h'?Ss bgf_ dv', Yj as\as\ vF 7fs'/ M wfM;f kTofMofo] yfs'O . xh'/lkglu'
HjofjofRj+u' 5fo\< ldl6+u Sjrfo]s  f emfn ls 38L O{ GXofu'
ld;f $ M ljif g'gfRj+lk;+ cd[tof ;jf y'Odv'. Sogf y x]cy]+x];gfjO.
O{of ;"q sM3fo]d;n ls k|s[ltoft yMb'g] zlQm/fd M c;Dej vF.
s'g]t :jO. t/k|s[ltof On+ ljgfzof lztn/fh M 5+u' vF sf Yj. lhldu' ldl6+uo\ hs rn]
ufno\ SjkmfO. dh'OdfMu' 5fo\n]<
ld;f @ M vg]dbo]s Kof+ GofsfRj+lk+. Ono\ 7fs'/ M ylg+ GofGx'GXoM, xh'/lk+ y]+t'+ ldl6+uo\ yy]
jfMrfo]sf lnsfo]dk'm;f lx jOdv'. x]rn]h'h'+ lbgfjg. cn]xh'/+wfMy]+jf+5\
wf/o\ h'Os Kof+ lx Tjg]w'+sO. lx jo]w'+sf jof Ao' xF. d]Dx:of+ 38L wOu' g+ jf+5\
jfMrfo]sf lxOn wof+ 5'ofo]< lx nf jOnf< 38L jf+5\jo]u' wOu' O{oft jf+5\
joft'+ Rjlg. drfo]s jMDx Kof dv+s jo]u' h'O xF. vMlg ;f ldl6+uo\ 5Dx dg'v+
la:o'+ jg]w'+sO . wfMu' dg" y]+38L g+ ;+j]b gzLn x+. gdjf;]+
KoDx ld;flk+ M -5u" ;n+_ sGxo\oft d:j;]+Rjo\Rjo\ k'mSs+ SogfRjlg x+ wfO vMnf dv'nf<
wfwf+ jgfRjlgu' ljgfz GXofMjofRj+u' lh+ nf 5'+ x]dy".
vM, cf]s l;df GXofMjMln;]Dofsj]y of zlQm/fd M sf Djfn x'F. :j 5' 5' h'of lhldu' ldl6+u
ljgfz ;lQgfjMy]+. h'O dkmofRjg. xf]z of cfM yg ;'g+ 5\
t]hgfy M cf]s l;df db'yfo\ ljgfz GXofMjO uy]< jofxo] dt] .
cf]s l;dfy]+5'+ GXofMjM;f gfz ofo]u' 7fs'/ M lh+ nf ;'oft+ 5\jofdxof.
zlQm b' lhs]. t]hgfy M sf DjfMn x'F.
KoDx ld;f M js l;df dv'. 3+unf, 8d?, lwd]of 7fs'/ M xj;\ -wfwf+ Koxf+jgL_
;M GXofMjnls ljgfz GXofjMu' l;OsL kz'klt M lhld;+ nf wofjofRjgfu' nf vM. u'ln
Dofsj]yt . n]8L Dofsj]yof zlQm+ lg0f{o ofo]u'lnO lnafsL pln x]gfgf
lyOdv'. ljgfzof Ono\ xfg+ gfknfMjo]. sy+of k+uMt BBtt+ kF vfgfjO. kF vftls
-KoDx gfk gfk+ jlg. Vo'+Vo'+ wfo\sf d'2f l5go\ ofo]t cndnu' ldl;n y]+h'O.
yf}+sGx] 25
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

zlQm/fd M lhlk+ nf tfl/v sfMjMlk+ emul8oft y]+ jf;f tfOgfO SogflaO sf.
h'n lg. u'ln tfl/v hs sfo]u'< t]hgfy M ;'of+u' wlDs+ OsLlwsL ;+s]kmOdv' .
t]hgfy M GXofAn]+ldl6+u Rjgfjof Rjgfu' x]vM. -sfns'n' xfM;Moft emg ttM;n+ Gogf ;lQgf jO. Sjyf
u'ln larfM ofgf :jo]xyf;+ ofgfu' Hof+ Go+s+ Vo'+of jO. 5' h"u' Yj. yy]nf ua;+ dh". Wof+u|f+u
lnRjM rftdjfO wsf wfo]kmOdv'. yf}+ ;M jo]s sjyfo\ ;'+ b'xf+ jO._
ljz]if uHofu' ;d:of Ajng. k'mSs+ ldn] -k'mSs+ co\ ;' b'xf+ jMu' wsf xfnf Rj+Rj+ x]a'n's
h'of x]Ho+sf;f+ z+sf dt+lg. dtof hM vg]bofjO. dt a'n'x'F t'Oof jMln;]dg" vg]
kz'klt M sf, l5 oTy]ofgflb;F, lhlk+ Koxf+ jgsf. bofjO. wfHod'Ho htf+ hfMu' 5+. XofpFu' j t'o"u'
-wfwf+ jgL_ KjfnfKjfnfyLu' WjWj ;fnftMu' l;GxM, h+lg;]+k'lnO
lztn/fh M /a/oft u'An]+;fn]dHo". ;fn ls ?k x] ts w'+ 5+u"y]+hfu' hfdf hF ts jMu' XofpFu' hfdf, ?b|fIf
:olg. uy]vM cy]x]cy]x]TjMtf 5\ j d'08dfM SjvfgftMu' b'. Gxfo\kgo\ ttMrfMu' rSsf
jo]dfM. 5' :olg. ;'oftMu' b'. nKkfo\ aL of cfsf/RjoftMu' b'. gfl8O
t]hgfy M -Sjyf+ Koxf+ jgL erf hfo\sf Nxf Dx't' afh'y]+hfMu' r'/f GXofgftMu' b'. hFo\ 3+unfdfM, z+v, 8d?
x''x'+ yMu' sf}r o\ ot'O. r:df lnsfO, j v'F8f EofgftMu' b'. ldvfo\ jr'jr' xfs'xfs' wfo]s ch
VjfM 5s x'O, r:dfof Gxfo\s+ x'of r:df pnftMu' b'. sfrfSs dg" g+ wfo]dl5+, BM g+ wfo]ld5+Dx
tO. Nxfx';f vNtL tO, sf]6 ldn]ofO. dg". w"jMof bTy'+ Koxf+ jMDx dg" vgf ch"rfO. k'mSs+
Koxf+ j+lk+ kz'klt, zlQm/fd erf cfQ]h "u' sf}r+ bgf ch"rfof :jofRjlg. dg" d"xfMDx b'u'rfy]+
kxn+ b'xf+ jO. Dx of/{/==== ;+sL. ttMUjMu' ldvf+ pv]y'v]:jO. 5+
kz'klt M x'Fsg b'jfto\ -Kosfnfo]_ l;Tof+rf rfrflxsL, lbsL. Dx h'?h'? vfs'vfs'+ x'Fp x'Fp xfnf xO.
j sj+rft d'gf nF k'mSs hfo\s jo] dg"t Uoflrs' kxn+ 5' ofo]5' ofo]h'ofRjlg.
jg]dHo". u'ln lg u'ln sf l;Tof+rf j lztn/fh M -UofUof+ la:tf/+ sf}rof No"g] ;" jg]Tolgx_
sj+rft. dg" M x], ;' jgf+ ar]h'Odv'. ug b' l;Tof+lrt
lztn/fh M pls+ x]h'Osf dv'nf Noxf+ jofu'. lwQ'lwgf lkt 5\jofxMlk+<
-xfg+ Vo'+Vo'+ wofjO. tfkfs lg;]+sfns'n xfM;M ;lQgf -k'mSs+ UofO_
jO. Vo'+ wfwf+ jgfRj+u' Syf Vo'+;]Rjlg._ zlQm/fd M -laGtL ofgf_ 5' :jof laHofgf k|e'<
lztn/fh M -UofM kxn+_ GxfrMofDx l;Tof+rf d]lk+ dg" M lh k|e' dv', lh g+ dg" x]vM.
Hjgfjo]wfMu' ;fob Hjgf jn nf. j;f t]hgfylztn/fh M cfd e]ifo\ dg" wsf uy]
5' ofo]u'< wfo] <
t]hgfy M Uof hs UofgfRjgL. Uofo]u' vM;f Yj dg" M wlt{k'qof Dx GXofan]+yy]x]h'ofRjlg.
Vono\ knfM to]u' x]5fo\< t]hgfy M -Uoflrs' sfa'O tof_ wlt{k'===q, wlt{k'q
lztn/fh M lh ug Uofgfu' b'< l;Tof+lrt ss' sf lhlk+ g+ vM.
ss'ltgf5\j wsf xf+s laofDx nf lh. dg" M wlt{of ;Gtfgto\t b'Mv kL8f laofRj+lk+
cem sf}r+ lt+Gx'of emD6]ofMjg]TogfDx g+ uy]wlt{k'q h'O<
lh x]vM. lh u'sy+ Uofkm/f h'O. sf cfM lztn/fh M -lalGt ofof+_ 5'+ +la+ h";f Ifdf k|e', rfo]

26 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

s+ drfo]s+ 5'+ h"u' b';f dfkm ofgf laHofx'F, l;r's kmo\ gM x'F .
k|e' dg" M hldg tHoft ls kftfno\ s't'+ jlg. kmo\
dg" M lh k|e' dv', UjsM wfo]u'< kg]t ;g ls Ajo]sf o+sL cfn+ -cfsf;_
lztn/fh M Ifdf, Ifdf drfo]s  + wfo]w'g. lyOt ;g ls by'O x]t';'gfjlg, v'l; kg]t
dg" M go], Tjg], k'g], Rjg] dbo]sf z/L/o\ b'Mv ;g ls r'Os] o+sL.
Ao"Ao'+ kL8f+ z/L/u+sf 5\jOlk+ xTof/f t]hgfy M hldg t5fODx ;' b'nf <, cfndo\
dv';f bofjfg nf< t't'sLlk+ ;'+ b'nf< lhlk+ l;j+]d]lk+ ;'+ b' nf<
t]hgfy M j nf sd{of kmn. 8d? dv', SjftfSjftf ofOu' sf+tfrf+ ;M
dg" M Dx km//;+sf lt+lt+Gx'of 3+unf Gofo]s f GogL dv', cfd 3+unfofMu' ;n+ ;'+ Kofv+
sd{ dAo"lk+ stf{+ cn]bf] if d]
lkGt. x'lndv', a];'/z+vof Wjlg+ cfnfk sfo]
lhu' ljZjf; db' yofu' sLt]{vFo\. -td+ kmOdv'. x'F u'? df x'F z+vof ;'/lksfo]t.
pv]+y'v]+h'O_ ha ha cGofo r/d laGb'O SjftfSjftf sftf+ baba dv' gu/f yfx'F.
Yolg lh jo]u' h'O, dj;]dufM. cn] Yj Sjyfo\ Rjgf zlQmk'~h lyOdv'. go]
lh jnls Xo"kfM dj;]dufM. x'Fd\ x'Fd\ lkTofrf, l;Tof+rflk+yfo\ j;f+ zlQmk'~h
lhlulhlu vfO. jy+ uo]sM x'+ .
lztn/fh M Xo'kfM nf lhld;+ xo]w'g. ufSs+ dg" M -pv]+y'v]+:jof_ dg"v+ dg"oft cGofo
kz'klt M Yjof+ cKkf]d]u' 5' Xo'kfM< ofOlk+ lh+ :jofRjgfu' b'. Oldt afls to]
dg" M Xo"kfM, Xo"kfM xo]dk'mlk;+ Xo"kfM stMof kmOdv'.
nfkfyfgf wfOlk+ dg"to\;+ . kz'klt M dv', lhld;+ ;'oft+ 5'+ ofgfu' db'.
zlQm/fd M cfd nf lhldt t+s]u' vF sf. dg" M go], Tjg], k'g], Rjg]af;+ ts dbo\sf b'Mv
t]hgfy M uf+ ygf, zx/Sjfsf, wfs'kmo\ jo]s  f, Ao'Ao'+ lk8fu|:t z/L/u+sf xTof ofo]t
ld UjfsfM zlQmof dxfg+ xOu' oft Xo"kfM :jOlk+ .
dwfo]u' < t]hgfy M j nf sd{of kmn.
dg" M kxf8 ygf xx+ by'O x]rn afofj+u' b'. dg" M Dx kmf/kmf/;+sf lt+lt+Gx'of 3+unf Gofo]s f
SjfSs kmo\ x]VjfpFsf j+u' b'. ;ts sd{ dAo"lk stf{ cn]bf]if d]lkGt< lhu'
ygf x+ x]ufuL j+sf Gof;L jg]doo]sf ljZjf; db' yHofMu' lst]{vFo\. -td+
;xnx sfsf+, yM tgfj+u'oft Xo"kfM wfo] pv]y'v]+h'h'+_ ha ha cFGofo r/dtfo\
kmOdv'. Yolg, lh jo]u' h'O. lh jnls Xo"kfM
t]hgfy j d]lk+ M dg" j hGt'O dnfMDx]: of+ zlQmk'~h wsf dj;]+dufM. x'Fd x'Fd -lhlulhlu vfO_
xfFs. 5+u' zlQmk'~h+ 5'+ h'O dv' cfM. lztn/fh M Xo"kfM nf lhld;+ xo]w'g ufSs+.
lhlk+ l;ao ;'+ b'xf+ jo]kmOdv', ;'+ Rjg] kz'klt M Yjojf+ cKjMd]u' 5' Xo"kfM< s/lklgu'
kmOdv', ;'+ GXogL g+ dv' Yj Sjyfo\. x'F nfkfyfgfo\ Xo"kfM jn wfOlklgu' Xo"kfM
8d? yfgf x]lnxf+ x'F. Xo"kfM dv'.
lztn/fh M x'F x'F 5fnf 5fnf+ 3+unf Gofo]s  f lkg] t]hgfy M uf+ ygf wfs'kmo\ jo]s  f ld RofsfM, zx/
yf}+sGx] 27
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

SjfsfM dxfg zlQm xOu'oft Xo"kfM lkTofrf l;Tof+rf h"lkGyfo\ dso] h'Os
dwfo]u' < zlQmk'~h :jy+ x'F.
dg" M kxf8 ygf xx+ by'Ox]rnM afofj+u' b'. lztn/fh M x'F x'F ofsg x'F. co\nf Yj+ dfQ]h"Dx Do]g +
kmo]Sjfs' Sjfs'+x]VjfpFofj+u' b'. ;8s y]+ :jof 5'+ h'Odv' yg.
ygf xx+ x]uf uL ygf Gof;L jg]dkmo]s f dg" M h/h/ldgfjMu' zlQmk'~h tHofOg. ;'gf+
:og]w'+s"u' b', ;xnx sfsf+ x]yMoft kgL :jo]k|no wfwf+ 8d? yfyf+ yfyf+
t+sfj+u' oft x]dxfg wfo]u ' xf:of:kbof lt+lt+Gx'of 3+unf Gofo]ls. Sjyf 5s'lt+
vF. Xo"kfMof gfd+ j;Gtoft lzlz/ofo]u ' tf08j g[To y]+;lg. k[i7e"ldO tt;n+ z+v
vFo\ lh+ oo]sfMu' db'. oo]s]kmO g+ dv'. k'ofxO. wf/w'/ xf/x'/ ;n+ l;Tof+rfof No"No"
t]hgfy gfk+ k'mSs+
M dg"g+ wfo] dl5+Dx, hGt'g+ wfo]dl5+Dx sj+rf j l;Tof+rf XjfQ b'xf+jO. Sjyfo\
Xo"kfMof cy{ x]dy"Dx lhldt Wofs'go\ b'g] rj+lk+ dg"t OkMsgf la:o+' jg]t :jO .
jfo]u' s'tM< cfn+ kftf, kftf cfn+ Kov]/+ sj+rf j l;Tof+rflk;+ 3]/] ofO . rLrf
ofo]t :jOu' zlQmk'~h by'O x]t';'sf ofof+ o+ls. hM a'no' f jO. KoDx ld;ft
jlgu'ln xfFs lhldu' Xo"kfno\ ;'+ b'xf+jo] a'nx' F' jO . Sjyfof dg" GXof]g] jg]t :jO .
kmOdv'. ;'+ Rjg]k mO g+ dv'. ;'+ GXo+s]t l;Tof+rf+ nF lrnflaO. -Sjyfof dg" NxfM
:j;f+ GXo+s]g + kmOdv'. No"g] tof 5+ Sj5'sf Rjlg. _
lztn/fh M y'n nf Xo"kfMof vF. yg Rjg]u' l;a]+ ld;f ! M wfy]+of Dofsj]y h'Ou' O jof g+ wfy]+Dx
5f\nf 5f\nf 3+unf Gofo]s  f, km;o\ Dofsj]y dv'lk+ Dofsj]y .
SjftfSjftf+ sfGtf baba Gofo]]s' Gofo]s  '+ ld;f @ M n]8L Dofsj]yof Nxfkfo\ nfgfRj+lk+
l;r's kmo\ g x'F. Dofsj]y .
dg" M hldg tHoftls kftfno\ s't'+ jlgO. ld;f # M b'b{zfo\ :jBflk+ lar/f Dofsj]y
cfn+ -cfsf;_ lyOt ;gls by'O x] ld;f $ M cx+of Rjsfo\ Yo+lk+ yf}+of Dofsj]y.
t';'gf jgL. jMu' kmo\ kg]t :jn ls $ ld;f 5u' x] ;n+ M le+t'gf Ao" jofRjgf sf, Yj Sjyf TjMtf
Sjfhn+ v/fgL h'O. :jf+ XjOu' Ono\ lnt jg]To+u'ln+ yf}+of Dofsj]y . dg"g+ 8d?
5\ju' j;Gt phf{jfg h'of jORj+u' . yfyf+ Kofv+ x'x'F l;Tof+rflk+ sj+rflk+ g+ o+s]
t]hgfy M -by'O x]vF TjfMNxfgf_ hldg t5fODx To+ano\ x'FOof ;'Oof KoDx ld;ft lkxfjgL
;'+ b'nf< cfndo\ t+sLlk+ ;'+ b'nf< emf]nfs Rjgf dg" Dofsj]y h'OdfM.
kmo\ SjfsLlk+ ug+ b' nf< lhlk+ l;a]. n]8L Dofsj]y Nxfkfo\ Rjgf dv'. gj]{
Sjftf+Sjftf+ sfGtf barf+ l;Tof+rflklgu' Tofsfj+Dx Dofsj]y h'OdfM. k'mSs dg"
;M YjOdv'. cfd 3+unfof ;no\ ;'gf+ Dofsj]y vM. xfg+ wfo]n]8L Dofsj]yof
Kofv+kf sfOdv'. z+vof a];'/o \ cfnfk nxfkfo\ b'g]Rjgf dv' . yMu' x]oz sLlt{O
sfo]kmOdv'. z+v k'of k'of u'? dfM x'F. w:jfgf dg" k'mSs gj]{ Tos"Dx wfy]+Dx
Sjftf+ Sjftf+ sfGtf baba dv' gu/f yf Dofsj]y h'O . -efuL ofo]y]+5+ Sj5'sL.
x'F. Yj Sjyfo\ zlQmk'~h+ lyO dv'. go] wls+ a'n'x'F Sjxf+jO._

28 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM, ;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM

;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\, tfMcfo' j ;'v zflGtof sfdgf of;]+
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

Hydro Engineering Services (P) Ltd.

Jyatha, Kantipath, P.O. Box 2821, Kathmandu, Nepal.
+977-1-4249527, hes@vianet.com.np

A Leading Consulting Firm for the Development of

Water Resources of the Country

yf}+sGx] 29
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

lxnf;" dy'/f ;fo\ld

kfq Dxl;sf
!_ ;fx'afM -5]Fof xfdf^) bF_
@_ k'tln -5]FHof ofo]t Rj+Rj+Dx ld;fdrf!% bF_
#_ /Tg -;fx'afMof kf;f^) bF_

-;fx'afMof a}7s Sjyf. aFo\ e/fO\kfMu' un}+rf. ;f]k mf;]6 5u". lnSs;+ lroft]lan 5uM. c+uno\ pv]y'v]lskf.
c+uM 3l8. tuf]u' b/fh. b/fho\ b'g]xn+Hjn+ 3f/f3'?. c+uM 3l8+ ;'yl;of !) tf O{ h"u' VjfMkfM AjofRjg. ;f]kmfo\
lguM k'mFu b]tgfM ;fx'afM GXon+ AjfgfRjgL. n'vfo\ k'tln vg]bo]sM jO. ;fx'afMDx b]g fRj+u' :jofM yg]nf dyg]nf
h'ofRjgL._

k'tln M ;fx'afM. a'ofjf]u' w}u' lg. sMlgdf y]+. :jo]v'g' Ho"

-;fx'afMDx+ ldvf KjfnfSs sgL. ot'O. nf :j/]VjfMkfMrf. -cHh Gxfo\s+ lnSs
k'tlnkfv] :jO_ jgfM, Vjfno\ 5sM Djfo\r'Os]y]+ ofgfM_
k'tln M hf a't, ;fx'afM. dv', Yj 5' h"u' bM. VjfM g+ x'Kk. NXj+u'
-;fx'afMDx+ t]l ano\Rj+u' tk'ln sofM ls d+u' Yj. nf+nf+ bo]w'+sn lx 5sM hfFro\
5go\ tO._ dofgfu' g+, nf+nf+ bo]w'+sn l8u|L 5sM Dx't'O
;fx'afM M sf sf x'F. hf tf. dtofu' g+. Njo\ g+ 5' b', 5' b', b'g]. v'ObF
-wfo];ft+ k'tln jgLdv'. bgf+RjgL_ hs b'Dx wfo]NjM nf sfM lhtM. lgSjM
k'tln M yf}+;f+ sGx];f+ lh 5sM dj{;]dlhn, ;fx' h+Sj Sjrfo]w'+s"Dx a'/frf y]+Rj+ :jo]g+.
afM. lh yf}+ x]jg] . dv';f sGx]5sM GXofu' -n'vfo\ k'tlnrf bgfRj+u' vg]bO._
ofgf;f+ jg]. ;fx'afM M s, 5 djgflg nf. hf tfM x'F w}u ' dv'nf.
;fx'afM M sf, sf, x'F. hf tf. go]w ]'+sfM vF Nxfo], u'ln w]QfMDx ld;frf h'O Yj.
5gfk. -bgfRj+Dx k'tln Olslwls ;gLdv'._
-k'tln b'kL . ;fx'afM vftf+ bgL . ;fx'afM M hf 5sM x]go]dnfMu', u'ln xyfo\u' Hof 5+ .
GXoMg];+Rj+u' Gxfo\sgo\ 5sM yMu' VjfM t'+s wfSjdfSj dfM ofgf+ Hof h'Onf. sf, sf,
:jO. ofsMrf e'g'e'g' xfnL._ b'xfF jf. 5' w}Rjgfu' 5+ . ot' . wfo]nft ls
;fx'afM M Yj Ujfo\bflx| g+ u'ln ofsg+ Xjf;fXjf;f Yj ld;frf, ;n+ jf+Gofo]y]+.

30 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

-k'tln tLhs b'xfF jofM :6'nrfo\ ot'O._ g+ yfo\yf;o\ rnM jgfM 5]F5]F x]Nxfgfog
;fx'afM M sf, wf, 5' wfo]d fMu' 5+. hf 5sM gofM vF w}Rjg. dg" dg" g+ u'ln r'Osfog w}Rjg.
Nxfo]wof+, pln x]kL dnfMu'. dg" g+ u'ln u'ln l;t wfn. ;n+;M dg"
k'tln M lh 5sM 5]Fjg]w}u ' lg, ;fx'afM. d]u ' 5'+ tgfRjg, a]kQf w}Rjg. Yj emL g]kfldto\u'
dwof lh+. nflu t;s+ x]b'ef{Uoof vF vM. 5' ofo]u'
;fx'afM M d]u' wfMu' h";f lhp a?. cfd 5]F5sM jg] emL;+, sf, wf. lh+ Gogfu' 5', l5Dyfo\ nf
wfMu' x]dlhn yg. :j:jv+s 5Gt uo\ 5]F cy]eg+ 5'+ cfkt lakt djf]dv'nf<
x'F wfo]km}lh+. a?, sf, gvM jn, bM j;M k'tln M ;fx'afMoft j x]nf w}Rjgfu' lg lh+. 5'
5h' t}Ao' ;fx'afM wf. 5Gt j;M 5h' t}aL. h'n, uo\ h'n. 5'+ x]dl;n. lhu' kmf]g
Gof;M dfn, Ml5 dfn wf. lDxrf+ lnsofM nuo\ dh". Old;+ g+ kmf]g ofgf dxn. pls+
v'?Ss aL. cfd dh'Ou' Hof, dh'Ou' vF dg x]lklkRofgfRjg.
Nxfgf+ kf/t/o\ h'Odv'. vF w}u' tKo+s -k'tln Vjo]y]+, Vjo]y]+ ofgfxn._
Nxfo]dfM . ;fx'afM M vF Nxf vF. cfDy]Vj}u' dof]bM. Vjof
-ot'gfRj+Dx k'tln SjSj5'gf jgL . wsfM 5'+ legLu' dv'. Vjof+ hLu' h";f, Vj,
;'s';'s'+ VjofxMu' tfo]b}._ 5 g+ Vj, lh g+ Vjo].
;fx'afM M s, tfn :j, tfn. u'ln Vjo]aNnfMu', s. -k'tlnof VjvgfkxM tSs bL._
XofpFdrf nf 5 cfDy];'s';'s'+ Vjo]t. vF ;fx'afM M cn];' ;' b'no\, l5Dyfo\ 5]+<
Nxf lhgfk. 5' h'ofRjg. wf. kmf]g o\ vF k'tln M df+ b', afM b' . bfh' ttfh' g+ b' . rLwLlk+ lgDx
h'ofRj+u' b' dVnf 5+ l5ld df+af}lk+ln;]. Sox]Frfl;k+ g+ bb'.
5' wfn OD;+< ;fx'afM M cn]5' ofgfM g}Rjgno\ Old<
k'tln M kmf]g rno\ dh"u' lgGx' bt. ps'Gx' lGxlR5+ k'tln M bfO Hofo\ jgL. df+afMlklg v]ltkflt. yMu'
jf jn, rlR5+ jf jn wfn. rfGxo\ 5]+ a'F db'. vr{ dufM. pls+ lhu' tnaof lwaf
nM b'xfF jofM v'l;afM jo]y]+jn wfn. g+ afMg+ lhs]jgfRjgL.
cGwsf/Vo"F, dt g+ l;t wfn. ug jg], ug -;fx'afM larf/dUg h'O. 5f]+SjfQ'SjfO. ;f]k mf+ bgfM
Rjg], :jM:jMyfo\ k'v" y]+ nM hfn wfn. vF 5sM Sjyfo\ O?ly? h'O. 5'+ wfO nf wsfM k'tln+
NxfNxf+ x]nfog sfto\ h'n. cg+ln cfM joft j+j+yfo\ :jofRjgL. ;fx'afM ;f]k mfo\ x]y'r'Ss
kmf]g x]rno\ dh'n. cg cfM uo\ h'ofRjg, ot"jgL._
5' h'ofRjg. 5'+ x]dl;n. pls+ lh 5sM jg] ;fx'afM M lh+ vF y'n. yGofu' cfktof Ono\ 5 yMu' 5]+
w}u'. lh nf dj{;]x]dlhn, ;fx'afM. a? jg]dfMu' hs dv', dj{;]x]dufMu' vM. jg]
ofsg+ lnxfF jo]. x]dfMu' vM. t/g+ lh+ 5Gt 5\jo]km}dv'.
-k'tln+ ;fx'afMof Vjfno\ :jt. ;fx'afMDx knv s'Kk 5fo\ wf /]. 5fo\ wsfM GoF /]5+.
glgdjf;]Rjg._ -k'tln+ ;fx'afMof VjfM t'+s :jO. t+of efj Oln+lkmln+
;fx'afM M v d}+, 5+ dv'u' wfMu' dv'. vM. t/fO 5kft+ AjO. Dx't'+ ;M lkHjOdv'._
k'v" h'n wfMu' ;dfrf/j}Rjg. vM. u'F kxf8 ;fx'afM M 5fo\ wsfM Gog]dfMu' x]db'. 5Gt wofRjg]
yf}+sGx] 31
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

dfMu' x]db'. 5+ g+ :o", lh+ g+ :o". yg 5]+;' Rj+u' b' . vMu' h'Odf of dv'u' x] . ;Llk+ l; x]
b'. wf /]5+ x]. lh h'n, a'/f. k;M 5sM l;t, DjfgfjO dv't. DjfgfRj+lk+, ygRj+lk+
jg]dfM;f+ v'Tof+v'Tof+ sofM h'OdfM. ;fdfg g+ :ofgf5\jo]dlhn lg ;Dd wofu' vM lh+ .
erf GofM;f+ Hjgfjo]dk'm. Dx't' 5KjfM 5Gt 5\jo]dv' wofu' pls+.
GofM. TofFo\ TofFo\ vF Nxfo]k'm. go]u ' GXof]g] -:jfxfg]Rj+u' 3l06 lt///Goft. ;'+ jf]u ' ;Lbt. k'tln
to]xM;f ;'r'Ss go]k'm. go]k 'mu'ln+ x]y'ln h'?Ss bgfM Sjyf+ lkxfF jgfM ;f] jgL. ;fx'afMDx
aNnfgfRj+u'. d]lk+ woflk+ yg 5]+, lh sfo\ n'vfkfv]:jof+RjgL. /Tg Sjyfo\ b'xff jO. No" No"
j ef}, Olk+ x]dvf lgDx. 5]FHof k'mSs 5+ k'tln. ;fx'afM bgfjgfM jln;]NxfM ldno\ ofMjgL.
sQfgf x]Rj+u' b'. 5+ l; x]:o" sfo\efh'of lgDx+ gfk+ ;f]kmfo\ ot"jO. k'tln n'vfo\ bgL._
hf gofM ( ah]x]clkm; Ajf+ jgL. axgL ;fx'afM M -/Tgln;]_ yf}+nf jf x]j}u' h'n ls 5' . lag
b'xfF jO. edlrof drf a". 5+ vF x]v+. j afbn a/;ft. uo\ nF bfkf h"u' Yj. cn]
drf a" nlxs]t yM5]FrfXo" jgfRj+u' b'. Dx+lDx+ nf k'm nf<
5Gt x]wofjg lg dv'nf, lgnf Rjgfjo] /Tg M k"m. k'm dvf wfo]d fn. ygYo+s jo]k'm.
wsfM. cfM 5+ x]wf /], 5 5]+jgf+ yg uo\ kf/ dk'm;f uo\ YogL yg. cn]5+<
t/o\ h'O. go]DjfMn nf, Tjg]DjfMn nf< ;fx'afM M 5' 5+< Dx+ k'm nfls dk'm w}u' nf<
5Gt 5]+ 5\jo]dv' wofu' x]lh+ pls+. /Tg M cn]5'.
k'tln M lh yf}+ jgfM, 5Gx' RjgfM, s+;s'Gx' x]jo] ;fx'afM M 5 y]+aNnfM dh'n lg. hftM :jM;f+ lhu' x]
a?. k'mSs Hj/o\ ofgfM lk|mho\ :jygfys]. k'nf+ h'O. ofpFs Rjg]b' ;f wsfM === ===
j hs elkof RjgfbL;f+ ufM. l;Rr's 5sM Rjg]b' ;f wsfM ===. 5+yfo\
;fx'afM M vF j dv' d}+. cy]nf h'h' x]db';f+ g+ b/o\ 5]+ dg" UjfnUjfn wofM pKkf] . lhyfo\ dbofM
h"lg emLu' b]zo\. dh" nf< 5Dx h'h' j+;f ;'Kkf] . 5]+ ;'g;fg :jo] zflGt bo]]dfMu' vM
d]Dx h'h' jO. gf+ hs dvf erf kfM. Hof yg. yg nf e|flGt of e|flGt, qmflGt of
nf t/o\ h'of+jgL. dh'O dv'. emLu' b]z  o\ qmflGt. sf, DjfMn, zflGt j qmflGtof vF.
ckfo\w+s e'vfo\ Ajn. w";s"; x]h'n. cn], yf}+ uo\ Yog, yg.
t/o\ x]h'ofjg. 5]F 5]Fw:jfgf jof x]Rj+u' k'tln M ;fx'afM. Rof bfo]sf xo]nf<
b'. RofM lemM u'ln dg" g+ l;t wfn. ;fx'afM M Uj, hf go]wsfM RjgfDx dg". srsr
;Lu' g+ vM. hg ;+Vof pkf]of cfM g+ ug srsr xfxf+. cfM kf;f Yo+sM emf x]
5\jo], ug 5\jo]h'O w'+sn. vF j dv'. emfn. hf erf lnkf x]hs go]. Rof x]
lh+ wfo]t]gfu' 5' wfM;f lg+, u'u' h'n. vM Tjg]sf, lh g+ 5u". sf, lgu" sk x]bo]sf
h'n. h'O w'+s"u' dh'O dv' . u'u' jg, j lnxfF lxF, k'tln.
jOdv'. cfM nf j nMof ;d:of g+ dGt k'tln M lrlg<
x]wfn. ;/sf/+ g+ kLl8t hgtfof nflu /Tg M dHo" dHo" gfgL. b'? Ho", lrlg dHo" . %!)
go]u', tjg]u', rjg]u' j /fxtof Joj:yf ldg]6 RjF x]RjgL. Rof 5u" co;f Tjgf x]
ofgfRjgfu' b' wsfM ofln lkto\ ofgf x] jgL.

32 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

;fx'afM M -k'tlnoft : jofM_ Dx: o" xnf yg /] 5 . tfMrfo]s]u' drfo]s]u' Oldu' v'l; .
c+snoft. nf j n'l;of kf;f lh. Yj, uHofMu' hLjg xgfRjg h'O cgof hgtf+.
gd:t]lgd:t]< nfsd+ k'OsfRj+lk;+ hs ;L ugyfo\ k",
/Tg M gd:t]ofo]w'+sn j+. Dx :o", 5'of Dxd;L. u'lntSs k". 5+ lh+ 5' :o".
-k'tln Rof bo]s]t yfxfFjg._ -lgDx+ knv ulDe/. Sjyf zfGt_
/Tg M cn]5'lsof srsr h'ofRj+u'no\ l5ld< ;fx'afM M co\wfo]an]Yj ;d:of+ emLt ;bf+ x]nflv+
;fx'afM M j x]nf, cfM vMnf, srdr srdr , 5]+ Ro" y]+ lrgft}u' h'n. vF yy]x]dvf
jg]dfn xF. yg ;'+ b'u' dv'. 5]F jg]u ' wsfM -k'tln lrlsrfkfMu' lsl;trfo\ lgu" sk Rof tofM
ltKkf gsfRjg ls Rjg. Sjyfo\ b'xfFjn. t]lano\ Old lnSslnSs;+ lbsn.
/Tg M ;'gf+< :t'nrf NXjgfM yM drf tfkfSs Rj+jg._
;fx'afM M ;'gf+ HjL cfM. Yj x]dxf/fgL+ sf. /Gt M -k'tlnkfv]:jofM_ gfgLofu' gf+ 5' h'n<
/Tg M 5fo\no\< l;Gtln y]+xnf<
;fx'afM M v'l;afM j}R jg lg. t/fO 8'afgo\ nfgfRjg k'tln M dv' c+sn. k'tln.
wfn lg. ug wfn Yjof 5]Fg+. pls+ 5]F 5sM /Tg M lh g+ a'/f x]h'n. k'tlnoft l;Gtln
jgfjo]wsfM xfnfRj+u' b' ls b' . cfM yg ;' w}rjg. :j gfgL, lh+ l5ldlu' vF y'n. lh+
b'. edrf yM5]+ rfXo" jgfRjg. 5]+aF 5sM l5ld ;fx'afMoft wfo]w 'g. ufdo\ chfu'
k" db'. hf 5Ko]y" db'. 5\jof+ ;fWo nf. xlaut h'ofRjg. 5 yg lhDt yo\ Rof
/Tg M cfd hf 5Ko]y'Ou' . j;M lgtf lxOu' . cu/d bo]sfM Rj+Rjg]u' nf< hf y'ofM hf gsf
asu/d hf gLlh vF h'n. AolQmut. ;l; Rjg]u' nf< dv'. lans'n dv'. 5 5]Fx'F.
kfo]s"u' aF. yg b]z  8'afgof vF jofRjg. u'ln k'm, pln ofsg 5]Fx'F. lnafo\ w'+sn.
n+M dg"of pl7af;of ;d:of jofRjg. 5Gt yg tMw+u' cGofo h'ofRjg. 5, t'/Gt
d:o" nf 5+< x]jg]dfM. x'F. cn]gfgL, 5+u' 5]F ug nft<
;fx'afM M :o". Yj /fli6o ;d:ofof ;jfn wsfM g+ k'tln M emfkf.
:o". ;'gf+ d:o". -erf larf/o\ b'gf_ cn] /Tg M emfkf wfo]an]l;Ss tfkfM xnf yg+ . sf]z L
5' j vfkflvkf k'mSs rfo]sn nf cfM< c+rno\ nfM y]+, dv'nf<
/Gt M 5' vfkf< k'tln M dv' c+sn, d]rL c+rn.
;fx'afM M sf]zL af/]hof afFwof vF Nxfgfu' lh+. /Tg M vO d]rL c+rn. j nf la/ftgu/:jofM g+
/Tg M xM. ;d: of jn cg+ x]. Ono\ k'mSs tfkfM. u'ln 306f a;o\ Rjg]dfM<
vfkflvkf rfo] sf Ao"u' h";f Yj j}u' k'tln M lGxlR5 w}y]+ Rjg]dfM c+sn . yg+ jg]an] Bf]
;d:of x]dv'. nM nf cy]+x]GXofM Vo'+sf ltlg 5]+ YogL.
jgL. 5]Fvf5]Fvfo\ v'l;afM jOu' x]dv'. /Tg M xF. j x]w}u' lg lh+ g+. cn]uGyfo\ nftno\
b]
z xfFso\ ofgfRj+lk+ dxfdfgjto\u' l5ldu' 5]F< jg]nf ;M dv'nf 5<
Sjk'+u' a'l4+. ;lGwO ;lx5fk t}lk+ emLlk+, k'tln M ;M. GXofan]+jgf x]Rjgfu' . lstf{df]8+ Ps
tfMrfKjfFo\ :jygft}lk+ plk+. GXofSj xf 306flt Gof;]jg]dfM.
yf}+sGx] 33
no\kf}
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-k'tlnof Vjfno\ d';'sfn+ eoaL. ;fx'afMDxl;t UofUof+ x]x'F. cfM lh KjfM hfn. hf dgM;f+ KjfM
:jO ._ hfn. uHofMu' :jfy{of hfln+ e'gfRj+u' h'O
/Tg M sf ;fx'afMh"Dx. wf, 5' wfo]u' 5+ k'tlnoft. lhu' ldvfo\. w6\ w]Ssf/sf lh dg"oft
5]FjgfM ofsg jf, wfo]u' nf ls yg x]bNno\ -lgDx+ kf;flk+ bgL. lgDxl;g+ yMyM 5sM cdfn ofO.
h'ofM RjFRjF wfo]u'. 5\jo]x]dv' wfo]u '. 5' NxfMNxfM ldno\ ofO. ;fx'afM cfj]zo\ jO_
wof< g jf. k'tln+ 5+s]df}g k|Zg ofgfRj+u' ;fx'afM M cf;] Ps ldg]6 lh yy]+ jo].
b'. :j 5+ j}u' VjfM. -;fx'afM Sjyf+ lkxfF jgL. k'tlnof Vjfno\ n;tf+ eo\
-knv jftfj/0f :6Aw. j+ jofu' j+ jofu' hs VjfM aL. /Tg Sjyfo\ pv]5sM h'O, y'v]5sM h'ofRjgL.
:jofRjgL_ wf/do\ ;fx'afM b'xfF jO. jof NxfltO gf]6 KjfFo\ 5KjfFo\ ._
;fx'afM M lhu' ldvfo\ hfln+ e'gfRjg. lkrMkfrM ;fx'afM M -k'tlnkfv]:jofM lnSs jgfM_ gf, Yj lemM
bSj x'of5\joflan y'Dx kf;f+. -/Tgkfv] bf+ b'. 5Gt dfnL. 5 x'F. 5]FYog]j + bM 5sM
:jofM_ 5 yg jf]u ' nf ;fIfft eujfg x] n'd+s kmf]g ofgf lxF. cn]5' 5' ofo]dfM. ofo].
laHofMu' y]+h'n. vM lhu' ldvf rfn. -k'tln n;tf+ ub\ub\ h'O. ldvfo\ xif{of Vjla hfO.
;'efo\ kf;f. /Tg wfMu' 5Gt pls+ h'ofRjg. efj laef]/h'O. bf+ sfo]dkmofRjgL. cn];fx'afMDx+
-k'tlnkfv]:jofM_ x'F k'tln, 5Gt kgft}u ' x]jof NxfMltO gf]6KjfFo\ Hj+sL. /Tg g+ notftf+ lgkfM
lhu' tMw+u' e"n h'n. 5 x'F. 5]Fx'F. sGx];f Nxflt+ NXjgfM tf/f/f/f nfkfyfO ._
sGx], dv';f l6s6 b';f 5 yf}+of gfO6 a;+ -wls+_

;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM, ;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM

;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\, tfMcfo' j
;'v zflGtof sfdgf of;]+
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

MULTI Disciplinary Consultants (P) Ltd.

P.O. Box 5720, Kathmandu, Nepal. | Tel.: 5529304, 5525076, 545749 | Fax: (977-1) 5523103
E-mail: mdc@multinepal.com.np | Web site: http//www.multinepal.com/mdc

Providing professional Service since 1978

34 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM, ;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM

;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\, tfMcfo' j
;'v zflGtof sfdgf of;]+
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

JEBIL'S FINANCE LIMITED

P.O. Box No. 19385 | New Road, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 4220426, 4220439 | Fax: 977-1-4220402

@)&$ ;fnsf] z'eljhof bzdL tyf z'elbkfjlnsf] pknIodf

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z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

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yf}+sGx] 35
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Sjyfof klZrdkfv]5u" vftf, vftf gfk+ c+uno\ yLs 5uM l;Fof b/fh. k"j{kfv]Sjyfof n'vf. cn]
5v]lgDx j d]v]5Dx 5Dx hs Rjg]Ho"u' k'nf+ l8hfOgof ;f]kmf j jof bTy'O Rof 6]a'n.
-;;Mca' ;f]kmfo\ ot'gf cvaf/Ajgf Rjlg, ef}Dx Rofof ls:tL Hjgf b'xf+ jO_

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ef} M
af Rof soflb;F, d]u' 5' elkof bL< ;f -d5fnf 5\o+ Sj5'sL_ Dxfn lh
;;Mca' M
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ef} M
xh'/, af ;;Mca' M 5+t g+ lxGbL l;l/on t;s+ oM y]+ Rj+
;;Mca' M
yg;+ tL. -ef}Dx+ Rof 6]a'no\ tofaL_ lg<
ef} M
g;f 5' bo]s]n] af ef} M lhGbuL Rofgno\ af+af+nfu' l;l/on
;;Mca' M
lhtM nf go]wofy]+ dRj+ lg, 5+ 5' go] jO\, -erf Gofl;kxn+_ pls;g+
oM g. kmtdfu'nl;l/on af+nfM tfM.
ef} M lhtM g+ go]dfl:t djlg af ;;Mca' M lxGbL ef;+ 8la ofgftMu' h";f+ c\
;;Mca' M co\;f 5 g+ yg x]ot' /]jf. u]|hL 6]ln l;l/ono\ r'Kkf gOu', 3o\k'Ou'
ef} M dv' af, yg x]Ho". -ofsM ;f]kmfo\ l;g cKjM bO lg dv'nf<
RjFRj+_ lh yMu' x]cf}sfto\ Rjg]. ef} M plsO ckfo\rf] :jo] x] dkmo\s db' .
;;Mca' M 5fo\< 5fo\ nHof rfofu'< ;;Mca' 5]FhMlk+ ;sn]+ Rjgf :jo]k'mu' vM af
gfk Rjg]dHo" nf< ;;Mca' M cF 5u" vF, 6]ln l;l/ono\ Nofo\Dx+
ef} M dv' af, lhtM yg x]Ho". Nof;]oft kfRo'+ y]+lh+ g+ 5+t kflrg
;;Mca' M ps'Gx' nf lh hf gof vftfo\ Ujf/ft'nf wfM;f 5+ 5' ofo]u ' wf;f<
Rjgfano\ 5 lhu' x]lnSs;+ Rjgf ef} M -td+ h'?Ss bgf_ Yj ofo]sf -wfwf+
l6=eL= :jofRj+u' lg, dv'nf< yf}+5fo\ ;;Mca'of Gotfno\ bfo] t NxfM
nHof rfofu'< nDx'O_
ef} M cf]xf] af g+ nf :o" vlg;f, lh nf ;;Mca' M -ef}o f gf8L HjFHj+_ s, Yj 5' ofgfu'<

36 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

Yj x]nf 5+u' xgfagf< ;f]dt db'Dx, -ef}Dx ;'s';'s' Vjof UofUof+ efMtkfv]k'n'Ss
;;Mca'oft NxfM jfgf dof{lbt h'ofu' :jO_
nf<
ef} M nHof drfMnf, ef}of NxfM Hjg]t < ;;Mca' M lh+ nf jof g'uM :jo]y]+5+t lh+ kflrg
;;Mca' M nHof nf 5 rfo]dfM sf, ;;Mca'oft wfM;f 5+ 5' ofo]u'< wsf GoF hs 5'
NxfM jfODx a/5. Gogf sf w'+ emD6]ofo]y]+5Sjn+ lhtM
ef} M P ef}oft kflrg]t :jODx ;;Mca', NxfM nDx' jn, cn]k|lt/Iffof lglt+ lh+
nHof rfo]u' ef}d+. jofu' NxfM Hjg]Djfn nf<
;;Mca' M lh+ kflrgfu' nf db'lg lg b' nf< sfo\ M -yM ltl/ do\h' kfv]: jof_ af g+
cn];;Mca'ofu' vftfo\ ot'O lhp, wofbLu' Yj vF kfo\l5 vM nf< lh
;f]kmfo\ ot'Ot nHof h'O< 5u", d]u' ca'oft NxfMjfo]k'mu' cfFt 5+s]ug+
;+jfbof k|ltsf/nf ;+jfb+ x]ofo]dfMu' jn xfF<
vM lg, 5fo\ NxfM jfgfu'< ef} M lhtM kflrg]u' afof vF Gogf lhu'
ef} M ;o\, TjMlt lhu' NxfM. ;;Mca'+ ef}o ft GXok'O e'vfo\ Ajn, drfo\s x]lhu'
NxfM tn wsf lh ttM;n+ xfnf laO NxfM afkfv]GXoft vlg.
nf< ;;Mca' M tFDjo] u' nf dgfl;a vM cy] ;f+
;;Mca' M lh+ 5+t 5'+ ofgfu' x]db';f. cfj]zo\ jof NxfM NXjg]dHo"u' sf.
ef} M 5'+ ofgfu' db';f, NxfM 5fo\ Hjgftof -yMu' arfpm ofof+_ 5 j lh Rjgfu'
n] < emG8}:js' -;f9]rf/k'm6_ tfkfM, vM
;;Mca' M Yj gf8L Hjgfu' nf 5+u' cfqmd0fof nf ls dv'< psL;g+ emLu' by'O Yj
k|lt/Iff hs ofgfu' vM lh+ . Yj n" oft Rof 6]a'n blg. emLlk+ l;Gsf a/fa/g+
ljZjof u'u'+ g+ vFUjM w's'ltO NxfM Hj+u' lrnfu' db'lg. ha ls lhu' NxfM s'l5
wsfM JofVof ofgftMu' n'Os]kmOdv'. -8]9 k'm6_ hs tfxf wfM;f lh+ 5+t uy]
-sfo\Dxl;of k|j]z_ kflrg]kmO< d]u' vF, ;'g+ anfTsf/L+ lh+
sfo\ M -;;Mca' j ef}of kxM v+v+ lbSs 5+t anfTsf/ofo]nf wsfM cg'dlt
rfof_ Yj 5' kxM vM lyldu'< lh+ 5' sof anfTsf/ofO nf< n'6]/f+ lh+ 5+u'
vgfRjgf< l;vM rk'mgf o+s]nf wsfM GogL nf<
;;Mca' M afa', 5 kfo\l5 Ono\ x]Yo+sM jn. Yj vF 5+ y'Os]dfMu' vM lg dv'nf<
-tLhs ef}of NxfM TjMtf_ pRrlzIff pODx lvrf+ GofO dv', GofODx lvrf+
AjgftMDx 5+ ltl/ do\h'oft s v pO dv'w}u ' :o" nf ls d:o"< -sfo\
:ogfRjgfu'' sf. kfv]:jof_ sf afa' 5+ x]wf, 5+
sfo\ M DjfMdb'u' vF NxfgflbO dt] , lh+ 5' :jo]ano\ l5ld ltl/do\h'oft lh+
vgfRjgf j ;To vM jf c;To< y'hf]u' ceb| Jojxf/ofO y]+RjF nf<
;;Mca' M y'lsof ln;M 5+ ltl/do\h'ofs]x]GoF. ef} M Ifdf jg]af, lhtM cKjM nlHht
yf}+sGx] 37
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

ofgfbL dt]. d]h/ M DXofo\g+ 5'+ +sn nf< -DXofo\kfv]

;;Mca' M ld;ft woflk+ yy]x]vM. pld;+ ;k"mof :jof_ xF gfgL, 5+ afoft ckdfg ofgf
1f+ hs sfO, plds]g}lts 1f+ bOdv'. nfls 5'<
lhldu' Ono\ nf g}lts lzIff wsf ;;Mca' M cy]5'g+ ofMu' db'. +la+ dg"kfv]+ x]
la:s+ x];k"m Ajg]dfM, yf}+sGx]of lzIff h'O, plsoft le+sf jg]d fM.
gLlt cy]dv'. d]h/ M :j gfgL, yM :jof ysfnLlklgt
sfo\ M dv', xfg+ Yj lzIff gLltof vF ug+ jn< xgfagf to]dfM, pldu' GXoMg]g'uM
;;Mca' M xgfagf wofu' ;nof nufd y]+ vM, Sj;fo]s]dfM. cem HofylhyLlklgt
joft cg'zf;g wfO. cg'zf;g db'Dx nf la:s+ x]cfb/efj tof ;Ddfg
dg" nufd db'Dx ;n y]+h'O, j GXofkfv] ofo]dfM. yM Sjldn' h'of cg'zfl;t
g+ AjfFo\ jgL. lzIff g+ cy]x], s v h";f hs d]lkG;+ g+ yMt ;b\efj tO.
cfvM UjM Dxd:o"lk+ uf+of u'lnv]dg"t cy]x]5]Fof dfgdof{bfo\ g+ emL;+ plts+
Jojxf/o\ lgk'0f h'ofRjgL. xgfagf x]Wofg lao]d fM, Yj vF NjMd+s]dHo" v+
to]u' dg"to\ bsn]thfMu' u'0f vM. Yj nf.
;sl;s]+bo]dfM, l;n nf< ef} M x;\ af lh+ yMt ;+oldt ofgf jg].
-vfsL j;to\ lgDx dg"t jMu' vgf ef}g+ hs+ ;;Mca' M -5'+ vF n'd+s]y]+ofgf_ cF, yf}+sGxo\
l;kfxL+ ;Mt'u' nf dv'nf< wsf ;;Mca'of VjfM ;fj{hlgs oftfofto\  dlxnf
XofpFO. vfsL jbL{wf/Lto\ k|j]z
_ l;6, czQmckf\u l;6, Ho]i7
gful/ s l;6wsf l;6 juL{s/ 0f
d]h/ M -;nfd ofof+_ ;nfd Gxf+ ;DwLh' ofgftMu' v+s]k 'm. dlxnf l;6o\ rflxF
;;Mca' M cf]xf] ;nfd ;nfd ;DwLh' vfsL ld;ftafx]s d]lkG;+ ldvf Ajo]x]
j;to\ nf l5tM Dxl;Os]x]yfs'n DjfM, t/d]d]u' l;6o\ wfM;f 5'+ lrptf
sf. x] dsf;] 9;d:; wfo]s ld;ft
xjNbf/ M ;nfd xh'/ -5v]+ hs_ ot'gf aL. a'/fa'l/t ps';d's'; h'Os
sfo\ M bz{g a'jf -d]h/kfv] :jof_ sfQ'dQ' sfSs dl5+dl5+ bgf jg]dfM,
d]h/ M bz{g HjfOFgf/fg\ Nof;]Nof;]lk+ ld;ft wfM;f Ho]i7
ef} M efluofo]lt af -Vjvgf ;n+ gful/s l;6o\ Rjgf 5ftL k'mn]ofgf
ca'Dx]l;t 5\o+ Sj5'gf_ uj{ ofgfRjlg. u'ln hs cGof<
d]h/ M efUodfgL h'o]df. Dx+ k'm nf gfgL< -5'+ a'/fa'/Lto\t ;'lj:tf h'Odf wsfM
vF n'd+s]y]+ofgf_ dv', yg 5'+ ldl6+u toftMu' l;6o\ g+ Nof;]lklg x]/hfOF sf
l;l6+u h'ofRj+u' y]+Rj+ lh+ l8i6a{ 5' wfo]
ofgf, ;/L Gx}+;DwLh'. d]h/ M pln hs ug vM wsfM, l5 n'd+ nf<
;;Mca' M dv' dv', cy]5'+ g+ dv'. xgfagfof @)&! ;fnkfv]nf o]Fof sn\sLrf]s
vFo\ ;fdfGo 3/fo;L ;xnx hs vM. lg;]+ afg]Zj/ts ld;ft hs NXoOu'

38 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

ldh+to\t dtOu' dlxnf d}qLgf+of -knv lbgf_ P vF NxfNxf+ lh nf

Ko+uM dfOqmf]a; rn]ofMu' b', lj8Dagf x'Q]h'of ug Yog vlg, cn];DwLh' 5'
dv'nf < k'?ifk|wfg b]zo\ k'?if d}qLof vF Hjgf emfoflbOu' y]+
wfM;f cQf]kQf]db'. d]h/ M vF 5' wfM;f lg ;DwLh' lhdL 5u" o'jf
;;Mca' M dv', clwsf/hs dfnf h'Olk+ Yj hdftgf+u' rLw+u' ;fdflhs ;+:yf
ld;ft;]+yMDx+ ofo]d fMu' st{Jo u'an] b', j ;+:y fof yf}+jflif{s pT;j vM.
y'Osf sfOu'< k|hftGq, nf] stGq, Yjx] n;tfo\ lhld;+ a'/fa'/Llklgt
u0ftGq wofu' nf wfTy]+wfo] dfn xg]u' -;Ddfg ofo]u'_ tft'gf Ho]i7
wfM;f dgkl/tGq, aNnftGq ;sf h'n gful/s clegGbg HofjMtofu' h'n,
n], dv';f u'hf]yfo\ uy] GXolrn]df, ps]of lg+lt+ Ajgfof ln;]+ ;DwLh'oft
;'gfk uy]Jojxf/ofo]d fM wofu' vF uy] sfMjofu' h'n, emf;F g'.
d:o"u' y'ld;+< x'nd'no\ k]ndk]n j ;;Mca' M P t;s+ af+nfMu' Hof 5'gflbn vgL,
7]nd7]n h'Os ldh+to\ by'O sfQ'dQ' lhu' nf g'uM x]rsg. sf sf emf;F, g'===
sfSs Kok'+s so\s'gf h'O GXoflk+ Yj -5Dx 5Dx ofof+ ;sl;u'+ k|:yfg. g] kYoo\ Ho]i7
ld;ft a'/flk+ln;]l;6o\ gfk+ ot'O gful/ sof ;Ddfg, yf}F of o'jfto\ cleofg gf/ f
5fo\ yfs'rfOu' vM lh+ y'Os]dk'mlg. YjofRjgL. wsL+ a'n'x'F SjxfF jO ._

yMu' yfFo\ afo\ ;sn]+ hfgf Gofjn]+ or' lkr' ofo]

;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM, ;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ ,tfMcfo' j ;'v zflGtof sfdgf of;]+
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

sf7df8f} +  dxfgu/kflnsf
afub/jf/, sf7df8f}F . kmf]g M )!$@#!$*!, km\ofS; M(&&)!$@^*%)(
Email: kmcmayor@mos.com.np, mayor@kathmandu.gov.np
Website: http://kathmandu.gov.np

yf}+sGx] 39
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

cltqmd)f dLgf ah|frfo{

d'Vo kfq M $
sNkgf M g]jfM ld;f ^) bF b'Dx . 5]Fo\of Jojxf/o\ tSogf RjlgDx .
lbks M ^% b'Dx, k|fo l6eL, klqsf j /]l8of] :jofRjlgDx .
kxndfg M $% bF b'Dx+ . Ej/Ljfn Tjfof xtf{stf{ . xfkm kfOG6 j leq uGhL rKkn GXofgf tODx . :jo] x]
kxndfg kxM jMDx . nKkfo\ 6f6' vf]ko\ ofsf tMDx .
;'GtnL M #) bF b'Dx ;'GtnL . cfw'lgs kxM jo]s j;M k'gftODx .

sNkgf M -Gxfo\KjfM ltof M d~ro\ k|j]z _kmf]x /of + d'gfRj+u' jofRjlg._

tfM O{ bt. kmf]x /jf+5\jo]y fo\ db'. ug+ jf+5\jn lbks M TjfMTjfno\ kmf]x/ jf+5\js] dAo' . kmf]x/ jf+5\jn
ls a+ k'OsL xF, pkm cy]vM;f O{no\ gu/kflnsf+ wfM;f gu/kflnsf+ aM k'OsL wsfM /]l8of]l6eL
sfMjo]dfnlg. -;'yo\ jl;aF k'gf t'lkm Hjgf g+ ;"r+ jofRjgL. 5]Fo\ Rj+u' kmf]x /5]Fo\ x]Joj:yf
sf]yfo\ b'xfF jj+ sNkgf e'g'e'g' xfnL._ ofM wsfM wfn. Gxfkf Gxfkfy]+5]Fo\ 5]Fo\ s]aM
-sNkgfof eft lbks vftfo\ Bgf Rj+Dx. sNkgfof ;Mtfof ;'of+ db]o w'+sn. r'so\ ;fMufM g+ db' yf}+sGx].
ldvf a'a':o fgf nf;fKjfn+ x]efMtDx+ wofM 5\jt._ -eltrf uDeL/h'of b/fho\ Rjo]tofMtMu' wsL SjsfO.
lbks M cf]xf] sNkgf 5' e'g'e'g' ;'y+lg;]+xfnfRjgfu'< vftf tn+ EouM lnsof yMu' GXoMg]tO. aftfrfo\ s?jfof
uHofMu' af+nfu' Dx+u; vgfRj+an]5 xfnf GXof] nM tO{ cn]l;nM vf]nof sfkM Tjfrf Tjfrf v'gfM v]n'O{tf
x] :ogsf . sof Rj+Rj+ wfO{_
sNkgf M :joflb;Fno\ 5]+5vf+ w" + h'Ow'+sn. df]xgL sNkgf M pln hs ug vM wsfM cfMnf nF tMAofM ofo]u '
GXoMlg;]+d'gf Rj+u'. gu/kflnsfof ufl8 yf}+jO gfd+ :jlguMaf;Lto\u' x]5]Fa'F cltqmdof ofgfM
sGx] jO wfwf+ :jlGt GXof]g] Yog]w'+sn . kmf]x/ Rj+u' b'. co\g+ yg Rj+lkG;+ 5'+ ofo]k m"u' dv'lg.
sfMjMu' dv'. :jlGtan]yHofMu' kmf]x/tofM j a]vfbfOlrofu' dv+gf, ;8s la:tf/o\ nfgfM
nIdLBM uy]b'sfo]u '< gjMu' ;xofo]dkmofM 5]+5vf+ 8f]h
 /+goflan. Gxfkf Odf8f]n  o\ Rj+u'
nIdLBM x]la:o+' jgL y]+Rj+. 5' ofo]u ', plndl5 yMu' hUuf Oldyfo\ x]afn+ Rjgf Rj+Dx lav]{oft
kmf]x/u'an]jf+5\jo]o+s]u '< x/] eujfg b+s+ ldof5\jt. cfM a]v  frf Oldyfo\ x]afn+
-sf]yfo\ vftf+ bg] vt+ lbks+ /]l8of] cg ofO . /]l8of]n] Rjgf Rjg xF.
g+ kmf]x/Joj:yfkg ;DalGw lj1fkg jof Rjlg. cg lbks M jx]nf wOu' lg. a]v  f 5Dx yg TjfMofDx t;s+
g+ gu/ kflnsfof kmf]x/Joj: yfkg ;DalGw sfo{qmd gf;n+ nLDx, ;sl;t+ Ujfxfln ofODx, O{no\

40 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

Aono\ lkslgs Ejo\ Gofo]s f GXofOk'sf -;'GtnLrf uf+dflgof vF Gogf sNkgfof kfln+lg;]+tF jn.
h'OdfMDx, wd{sd{o\ g+ pln x]g'uM Sj;fMDx sf t+Dx+ Do\ldvf+ 5Sj ;'GtnLoft Hjo\ lkof :jO. NxfM
:jM. Gxfkf a]v  fof :jlguno\ plndl5 a'F b', kfQ'kfnf k't'k't' xfnf ;/f laO._
hUuf b'. sNkgf M ug+ ug+ jMlk+ dg"t wfSjM :jlguno\ b'xfF jn.
sNkgf M wof+ 5'ofo\< jof sfo\lkG;+ a'FO{+ Hof ofgfM b'xfF jSjMl;of ;fvf;Gtfg yg x]Rjg. Old;+
dgM. sfolkGt ljb]z o\ cfvM Aj+s]t , DXofo\ ofgfM x]kmf]x/h"u' nf vlg. cem Old;+ x]
lkGt laof 5\jo]t, u'yL Ejo\ Gofos]t wfwf+ sf7df08f}+ kmf]x/ wsfM wfOu' sf . :jlguM kmf]x/
b'u' a'F hUuf wdfwd ldn. a'/fa'l/h'Osf sfo\ h'n wsfM l;plk+ yMyMu' uf+do\ jgf HofMofgfM
ef}lk+ ljb]zo\, DXofo\lk+ efMtlkGyfo\, a'/fa'/L gM j;f+ lhplg. yg x]Rjgf emLt lx:ofgf
hs yg. cfM :jM a'/fa'/L h'Osf, 5]Fo\a'F tSs+ lxldrfo]sf Rjlgu' sf x].
dbo]sfM afn+ Rjgf Rjg]dfn sf. -d~o\ lbksof k|j]z h'O._
-a]v
fof cj: yf n'd+sf lbks klqsf : jofRj+Dx lbks M ;'oft Aj laof Rjgfu' ;'y+lg;]+< -snfoft
Tjfnf+ RjgL. sNkgfof v]n  ' O{tf sfo]w'+sfM Dx+ h+h+sf ;Dem] ofo]y]+ wfO{_
sfo]t slrsf j glsgo\ vfoftMu' sfkKjM GXof]g]tofM sNkgf M x'F d+unbfO{yfo\ Rj+Dx v]gL ;'GtnLrf+ dv+nf.
dfnfRjlg._ sf7df08f}+no\ Rj+lk+ dg"t u'ln hs kmf]x /h"u'
lbks M 5+ cfd+ rfkflrkf d'gf 5fo\ ;gf Rjgfu'. xF sf. Gxfkf uf+Dx jMan]:jo]x]go]dv+ VjfM
ahf/o\ Dx+ h+h+sf v]n  'O{tf 5' 5' dfM Gofo]u' bx] jMDx cfM yg Rjgf df]h+ nFo\ t/sf/L k;M tt+
b' lg. Gofo]db'u' 5' b' yg. w]a fM hs bo]sf ;fx'gL h'n. cn]emLt km'FO{+ ofgfM Rjlgu' sf.
Rjg]dfM sfM. lhtnf Old;+ bo]sf tOu' v]n  'O{tf lbks M 5 cfDy]xfnfRjgf 5'ofo\. Oldt :jlguno\ afo\
Dx+ hh+sf lrQa'em]dh'. 5\jf:;';]Rj+. laofM toflk+ nf emL :jlguM af;Lt x]vMlg.
-sNkgf+ hh+sf bo]sf Rj+Rj+ kbf{ ltgf xO. yM afHof a/fh'lklg;+ lxrMlt xfo]sfM sd]ofgf
a'FHofgf tMu' a'F ldof. t/sf/L lkgf go]u' s]aM
@ b[io. ldofM 5]Fe/fo\vfM h'OsM bgf, lkg]jMlk+ dg"t
d~rof kbf{ rflnO. 5]Fof d" n'vf rfo]sfM jl; aF k'O{. b'g] afn+ t;]+ln cy]dh'Onf< afM sof dHhf+ go]
jgfM sNkgf+ yMu' 5]Fo\ d'+sftMu' kmf]x/bSjM af]/f 5kfto\ wfTtn]+cfM Old;+ ygof yfo\afo\ sAhf ofgfM
d'gfM yMu' 5]Fo\ Sj;+ lbs]xO. pan]x]d~ro\ ;'GtnLof k|j]z yHofMu' ;d:of h'n sf. sf lh ahf/jgfM
h'O. ;'GtnLrf Gofs'+ sfsf+ lxn nfsf+ GXofgf Aofu HjgfM jo]. :jlGtoft dfMu' ;fdfg Gofo jg]Djfnf<
af+nfsf jof Rjlg. sNkgf+ lkg]tofRj+u' kmf]x/of af]/f sNkgf M cf;]cf;]lh g+ jo]l5+ xfg+ GXof]g]nfMu' Gofgf
:j:j+ Gxfo\ so]s'+sf xfnf jlg _ xO. -sNkgf n'vf+ b'xfF jlg. emf]nf 5kf Hjgf
;'GtnL M 5\of of]sf7df08f}+slt kmf]x /efsf]< htftt} d~ro\ jO _
kmf]x/} kmf]x/ . kmf]x/n] ubf{ /f]uL eP/} dg]{ eof] lbks M Uj sGx]lbk]z rflk+ cd]l/sf+ Yo+sM jo]wfMu'
af. of]sf7df08f}+sf dflg;x klg slt kmf]x/L dv'nf< :jlGt GXof]x]Yo+s jo]wfMlk+. Olk+
ePsf< 5\of slt uGxfPsf]a:g}g;Sg]ef]af jOan]tSs+ Yj kmf]x/jf+5\jo]dkm't wfM;f
of]sf7df08f}+df klg. 5'ofo\u' sf. cd]l/sfo\ ;kmfyfo\ Rjgf Rj+lk+
yf}+sGx] 41
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

lbk'rf j lbgfrf u'ln xflnu' h'O. d: t x];M tM;M sf.

cy]+nf g]kfno\ jo]dv' wofRjg wfMu'. yg lbks M -sNkgfof NxfM HjgfM ;fnf xO lbks+. eltrf
306f}+nf]8;]l8 h'ofRjlg. aGb x8tfn hs pv]Yo+sf xf+xf+ jO._ g'g' yHoflk+ln;]xfn]u' x]
h'ofRjlgu' yfo\ wfn xF. a]Ssf/. k;M jg]g+ u'ln hs yfs'of jMu'.
sNkgf M jx]nf wOu'. pls+ nf bSjM dg"t b]zo\ dRj+;] nFo\ knfM to]yfo\ db'. efM g+ GXofu' Gof;f+
ljb]zo\ Rj+ j+u' . bSjM dg"t u'ln+ sf7df08f}+no\ yLs] . kmnkm'nt g+ u'ln hs yLs]u ' < t/sf/Lof
Rjg. ls ljb]z jg. uf+ uf+ bSjM z'Go. sf g' g' efM g+ u'ln yxfFj+u'. xfs'ahfM ofMlkGt s8f
ofsg+. ahf/o\ lnaftls emg nFo\ x]h'O dlhs sf/jfxL ofo]wsfM ;'r+ wfM;f klqsfo\ l6eLO
x'n h'O. jof RjgL. t/UjM lsl;of Gxfo\kgo\ klQ xfn]
-lgDx+ d~r+ b'xfF jlg. kbf{ ltgfxO_ y]+sf.
sNkgf M yfo\yf;o\ d]nDrLofu' nM 5]Fo\ 5]Fo\ Yo+s]wsfM
# b[io nF :o+sn. nM jOu' hs vMnf, dv'nf sf.
d~ro\ kbf{ rfnL. t/sf/L kmnkm'n k;M. GofjMlk+ ldofRj+lk+ knfM x]to]yfo\ dbo]s k;Mof k;M. cem nFo\
cfjthfjt. pan]x]sNkgf j lbksof k|j]z . dg"to\;+ bYjL Yo+s k;M tofMnf eltrf Gx"n wsfM j
jfgfM xMu'ln+ lnRof+ j+an]sNkgf+ ;'GtnLlrof kmnkm"n j v]gL g+ ukfo\;s+ Ajlapsf.
t/sf/L k;M tofM tMyfo\ Gx"O. -sNkgf xfn]u ' cem+ dB'lg_
;'GtnL M ldvf g+ sfF nf< t/sf/L Gx"u' g+ dv+nf< lbks M sNkgf, d]nDrLof nM emLu' kfno\ Tjg]dv+;f+
stlklg w]af k'nf xOu' t/sf/L cy]Gx"O{ bOnf< emL d:to\;+ hs Tjg]v+;f ufM. ygx]b'u'
sNkgf M nFo\ h'O x]dlhs k;M tOlk+ g+ l5lk+ x]. Gx"n wsfM t'+, Nj+lxlt, a'+ufrf, k'v' bSjM Nxfgf 5\jof
xflnlk+ g+ l5lk+ x]sf dv'nf< dg"t h'OdfMu' nFo\ d]nDrLof nM xO wOu' vF nf cfsfzsf]kmn
k;M tofM tofM dg"t j;]+ln+ lrnf laODjfnf< cfFvf tl/d/wfMy]+hs h'Ou' vnf< dv+nf
lbks M P]alxgL uf8L xn cg. uf8L o+s]dl5g. j n'FlxltO jofRj+u' nM x]k+gf lalhg]; sDKn]S;
t/sf/L xt]ofM. uf8L jg]u ' nFo\ k;M tofM. bo]sn. ef]6flxl6 gf+ hs h'Ow'+sn. lxlt ug
;'GtnL M P, uf8Ljfnf to\u' hs nF nf Yj< P]lhlk+ u/Lat b' ;'gf+ d:o'.
wsfM x]k ]ofgflbofu'nf< lhld hs sd]ofgf sNkgf M -yDx+ Gofgf xMu' emf]nfof ;fdfg :j:j+ _
go]Djfnf< lhld;+ gu/kflnsfoft w]af k'nf jx]nf wOu'lg, emL k'vf{+ bo]s  fj+u' Nj+lxlt, t'+
tofu' b'. Yj nF l5ldu' hs dv' lhldu' g+ vM. bSjM Nxfsf 5\jt. cfM jofM yHofMu' nMof
-Njfo]y]+ xflnO_ xfxfsf/sf. nMx]Gofgf Tjg]d fM sf. lxlt+
sNkgf M h'O l5lk+ u/La. yg x]RjgfM hUuf Gofo]w'+sn. 5k'lt nM xfOu' dv'. w]af k'nf Gof;f wfM;f
Gxfkf :jo]x]ufdflg y]+Rj+Dx cfM lx/f]Og y]+ GXofs' g+ nM b' yg.
h'O w'+sn. pls+nf km'O{+ ofMu'. Djf]+ dv+lkG;+ lbks M sd;]sd yMlkG;+ bo]s  ]dkm'u' lrh ;+/If0f
jf + vg cn]pln Gxfof y'ln Gxfof db'sf. nf ofgf to]dfMu' vMlg Yj ;/sf/+. pls;g+
sd]oft. ygRj+lk+ :yflgo af;Lto\u' yfo\afo\ kmLof+kmL dkmo]s+ dg"t :jlguno\ b'xfF jofRj+u'
5]Fa'F cltqmd0f ofgfM Olk+ k;M tn. cem Old b'. nM ;Ou' yf;o\ s+lqm6of ljlN8+u wdfwd

42 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

bo]sfRj+u' b' cn]ug+ nM a'of jO< lbks M 5' xfnfRjgfu' 5< ofsg+ jf.
-wfwf+ d~r+ b'xfF jlg. kbf{ g+ a'n'+ ltgfM xO{._ -ls/0f+ ofn+ sNkgfoft ;Mtn. sNkgf+ yMDx tofu' kmf]x/
$_ axgL kfv]sNkgfof 5]Fo\of b[io. af]/f hs Hjgf ;'Ds 5]Fo\ jn. kxndfg Do]xfxf+ d~r+ b'xfF
sNkgf+ ofn+ lkg]:jO. axgL nF ;'g;fg. pan]+x]aF k;M jlg._
tofRj+lk+ k;Nofto\;+ WjUuLu' t/sf/L kmnkm'n yMu' 5]Fo\ sNkgf M emL g]jfMt wOlk+ yM bfh'lshf+ 5u" cf}+; hs
lnSs;+ jf+5\jof tMu' sNkgf+ vg. sNkgf sfrf+sfrf+ s'g] hUuf Ton wfM;f :ofo]nf kfn]nf ofgf Njfo]
5]ln s'xfF jO. w" af]/ f o\ HjgfM axgL tLhs jx]+o\ to]o +sL. ;M stlkG;+ emLu' TjfMaf, 5]+, a'FO{+ 8f]h/rn]
-pan]x]kxndfgrf axgL cgx]Rjgf r'/f]6 Tjgf d~ro\ ofMjMan]5'+ wofgo]kmM;f vM sf.
xf+xf+ k|j]z h'O._ pan]x]gu/kflnsfof ;fO/gof ;M tfo]bO{. sNkgf r+r+
kxndfg M P efph' ug kmf]x/jf+5\jo]xofu'< a+ k'OsL wfO. ;fO/gof ;M tfo]j+ sNkgfof Gxfo\k+ lt+:jfsn.
wsfM d:o'nf< yMu' TjfM ;kmf ofo]dfn+ Vjfno\ lGxnf;' lksof xfn.
emg kmf]x/ofo]u' nf< yMu' x]TjfM kmf]x/h'O sNkgf M P]apDx P]apDx ofsg+ bgflb;F wof. w"
dv'nf< sfMjMu' y]+Rj+.
-yMDx+ Tjgf Rj+u' r'/f]6 aFo]jf+5\jof t'lt+ Gx"of -snfof kxM vgfM lbks 5]Fo\ g+ w" KjM HjgfM lkxfF jofM
:ofO ._ lGXo' VjfM jo]sfM sNkgfoft :jofM xfo]s]y]+wfO._
sNkgfM vM efO{, wof+ 5'ofo\ emLyfo\ Tjfno\ stlk+ jof lbks M Gxfkf lnkf h";f ;fO/gof ;M jnls yf/fGx"of
kmf]x/ofM jOan];'gf+ 5'+ wfo]dkm' y]+. vfln xfnLDx, ukfo\;s+ Uofgfk'u' ;M j. w" sfMjo]t
yMyM hs Njfgf xfnf Rjg]u ' nf vMlg. dv+nf g+ PDa'n]G; j bdsnof ;fO/g Gofo]s" y]+
l5+ aFk;Nofto\;+ WjUuL gju' t/sf/L kmnkm'n Uofgfk's ;fO/g Gofo]s]dfMu'nf< 5u" 306L
cgx]jfgf j+u'. hs Gofo]s";f Ho"lg. ;fQ' x]jg sf. wsfM
kxndfg M Old;+ jf+5\jMu' lh+ dvgf+ hs sf v+u' h';f lh+ Uofn]a"Dx y]+xflnDx yf}+nf xfFO{+, ;fO/gof ;Mg+
Oldt x]Hj+sf 5\jo]u ' sf. efph' l5+ xMu' Yj af5fO{ afh+ yfgf xMu' y]+tfnnf< 5 nf t;s+
bSjM kmf]x /d'gf o+sL. no\tfn.
sNkgf M 5' wOlbof, P]kxndfg efO{< lh+ nf Yj af]/ f 5kf sNkgf M vMlg lht nf yf}+afhfO{ afhf x]yfu' y]+tfn
hs to]xofu' sf. 5' Yj t/sf/L kmnkm'n g+ lh+ Yj ;fO/gof ;M g+ :o'. bF k'nf g+ O{no\ O{lxkf
jf+5\jofu' vMnf< lh+ tofu' Yj af]/f 5kfM vM ofo]dkmofM Rj+Dx DXofo\ drfoft af5fO{ afhf
Yj hs o+sL. yfgf sfMjMu' y]+Rjg :o' bnf. emf;F emf;F lh+
kxndfg M sf efph' ofsg+ Yj bSjM kmf]x /Hjgf x'F. dv';f Yj af]/ f Hjg] . l5+ b'g]Rj+u' bSjM kmf]x/d'gf tOu'
gu/kflnsfo\ ph'/L tofM laO. xoflbofu' vMnf<
-kxndfgrf+ yMu' kxndfg kxM Sog._ lbks M vM vM j e'6'lnO d'gftMu', sf]yfo\ lkg]Rj+u'.
sNkgf M cfd+ l5u' kxndfg kxM lhldt Sog]u' kn];f 5]ln Rj+u' bSjM xo]w'g g' g' ofsg+ . xfsg+ uf8L
stMlkGt Sog]k m"u' h';f YjM Tjfno\ stlkG;+ o+sftO. g' g'.
yy]eg+ kmf]x/ofsf Rjg]d fln dv'sf. -kbf{ a'n'+ ltgf xO . ;fO/gof ;M Gofgf x] Rjlg . SjrfO{ _
-td+ sNkgf+ wfn._
yf}+sGx] 43
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

>LM sfQL Kofv+

Dx;Lsf xl/dfg >]i7

sfQL Kofv+Yj onb]Mof gf+ b+u' clts+ nf]s+ nLnf, hnzo0f, >L a/fx cjtf/nLnf, j:qx/0f nLnf
XjfMu' k/Dk/fut zf:qLo j nf]s Kofv+ b'Yofsf tMu' j blw nLnf -wf}Uj+k t5fOu'_ cflb tgf 5jfMts x'O{sf
emLu' g]kfM b]Mof ;f+:s[lts Kofv+ vM. Yj Kofv+ onof hgtfoft g+ GXofOk'sf gfk+ yMu' b]M j hgtfof le+t'gf Yj
gf+hfMDx eQm, slj, 1fgL, ;Gt, of]u L j wd{k/fo0f dNn Kofv+ yf}+ts GXofsf Sogf jofRj+u' 'h'n. Yj h'n sfQL
h'h' >L l;l4g/l;+x dNn+ g]=;+= &^! -lj=;+= !^(&_ ; Kofv+of Gxfkf+u' r/0f.
lzjk'/L af3f/of zt\?b| gf+of 8fF8fo\ Rjgf laHofDx clt Yjof+ No" Yj Kofv+of yk"of emf] no\ h'h'
pu|?kwf/L gf;MBf]oft ;fwgf ofgf xof onof ;f}u no\ >Ll;l4g/l;+x dNnof sfo\efh' h'h' >L >Llgjf; dNn+
kln:yf ofgf sfQL Kofv+ :ogf, d+uM nfo\s"of GXof]g ]Rj+u' ca'h'+ :jgf Sogf ys"u' Kofvg]g]=;+= &*& -lj=;+=
d'Ss+ Nxf]xt+ hs bgf n'Fof gL5uM uh" 5'gf bo\sftMu' !&@#_ ; ;d;fdlos ljifo j:t'of lnw+;fo\ Gxfkf
>Ls[i0f Bf]uMof hMl/Vo KoDx gf/fo0f Bf]u Mof Sj;+ Rj+u' h'ofj+u', cfM h'ofRj+u' j lnkf h'ofj}u' -e"t, jt{dfg j
sfQL ba'nL bFobF;+ sfQL dlxgfo\ x'Os]u ' ofgf ys"u' h'n. eljio_ vFoft GXoAjof nf]soft :og]sg]sy+ afyM
Yj Kofv+ 5fo\ x'os]dfMu'n]< cn]5fo\ x'O{sf ys"u'n]< Kofv+bo\sf & Gxo\u' tgfM sfQL Kofv+ !% Gx' ofgf
w}u' vFo\ sfQL Kofv+of af/]5u" ls+jblGt b'. j 5' wfM;f x'O{sf ysn. Gog]b' h'h' >L >Llgjf; dNn yMx]afMyM
on b]M rdsF Yj 5' h"u'< uy]h"u'< w}u' vF h'h'of dg] Kofvg]on]afMyM-afMyM lshf_ h'of Kofv+ lDxtfj+u'
jfn, cn]h'h'+ hf]zL efh'lkGt -Hof]ltiflkGt_ nfo\s'ln b' wfO. Yjx]k/Dk/f sy+ g]=;+= !)^( -lj=;+= @))^_
Ajgf Yj uy]h"u' wsf ;fx'lt ofgf laHofan], Yj on b]M ts ys" h'h' vnMt x]on]afMyM h'of Kofvg]lDxtfj+u'
d3fo nfMu'ln+ yy]h"u' w}u' vF ;Lbt. Yj bf]if kmfo]s]o f h'n. afMyM Kofvgo\ d"kfq t :jDx afMyMt b}, u'lk+ vM
nfuL b]z o bFo\ 5Dx 5Dx g/jln laoft'+ Rjg]dfM, cn]ltlg ysflnDx u+u'n -u+bfh'_ old afMyM, bfltDx ;dfn
b]M rsgL b]M , k|hf j h'h'of g+ le+ h'O wsf hf]z
 L efh'lkG;+ -;dfbfh'_ Vjko\ afMyM cn]SjsflnDx afMyM lshf
wfMu'ln+ h'h'of dg]cfM uy]ofo\dfnL wsf yM /fhu'?lk+ on]afMyM vM. Yj Kofvgo\ nf]s  of rl/q GXoAjof xf:o
lbIffu'? >L k+= ljZjgfy /fhf]k fWofo j lzIffu'? >L k+= Ao+uM eo\lasf GXofOk':o Rj+s Wjfy'Osf Sogf jofRj+u'
xl/j+z /fhf]kfWofolk+ gfk+ ;fx'lt Aofsf cfM Yj g/jln h'n.
aLu'of nfuL 5u" x'lg bo\sf Yj Hof ofo\dfM w}u ' larfM Yjof lnkf g]=;+= *)$ -lj=;+= !&$)_ ; h'h' >L
ofgf >L lji0f'k'/f0fof lnw+;fo\ >L g[l;+x cjtf/Kofv+ l;l4gl;+x dNnof 5o\, h'h' >L >llgjf; dNnof sfo\
bo\sf bfgj/fh lx/0osZok'of aw ofsf g/jln aLu' Hof efh' h'h' >L of]u g/]Gb| dNn+ yM afHof j ca'h'+ x'O{sf
ofMu' h'n. h'h' >Ls[i0fof k/d eQm h"u'ln+ >Ls[i0fnLnfo\ ys"u' sfQL Kofv+oft xfg+ Rj5fo\ sy+ d]d]u' >ls[i0f
b'Yofu' d]d]u' Kofv+t uy]ls, ;'bfdf nLnf, eQm ;"/bf; nLnfo\ b'YofMu' dfwjfg/ cjtf/ j piffx/0f nLnf

44 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

Kofv+t tgf Yj Kofv+ sfQL nlR5 w+s+ x'O{s]u ' ofgf Yj wfo\ jf t:;s+ dxTj+ hfMu' Kofv+ vM >L g[l;+x cjtf/.
Kofv+ x'O{sf ys"u' h'n. Yj sfQL Kofvgo\ onof dNn Yj Kofv+of d]u' ljz]iftf w}u' d]d]u' k/Dk/fut wfld{s,
h'h'lk+ :j+u" k':t fof of]ubfg b'. P]ltxfl;s, kf}/fl0fs j zf:qLo ;f+:s[lts Kofv+t gfk+ Yj
Yj sfQL Kofv+ g]kfMof bSjl;a]tfxfsMu' HjM dnf. d]d ]u' Kofv+t Bf]Kofv+ Vjfkf k'of x'lnu' afhF
gf6dxf] T;jof k/ Dk/ f b'u' Kofv+ vM. cwm wfo\u' j Do]of tfn]efjg[To -Nxf, t'lt, 5f]+j Dx ;+sf_ clego
vM;f, xlndoof gf6dxf] T;jto\ emf]n o\ Yj Kofv+ ofgf x'nLu' Kofv+ vM;f Yj sfQL Kofv+ la:s+ sy+ x]yMu'
bSjl;a]tfxfMu' gf6dxf]T;j wfM;f+ 5'+ kfOdv'. d]u' x]g[To k4lt b'u' /fu, Do]of tfn]afh+of af]n  ]Kofv+kfM
Yj Kofv+of bSn]tMw+u' ljz]iftf w}u ' h'h' >L l;l4g/l;+x sof x'nLu' j vFNxfaNxfgfk+ b'YofMu' Kofv+ vM. cn]Yj
dNn+ ylg #&& bF GXof]x]5u"x]ba'nL a|Dx", :o:om dNn, Kofv+ d]u' k/Dk/fut zf:qLo Kofv+t y]+VjfMkfM hs k'of
k|wfg, hf]z  L, cdfTo, sdf{rfo{, k'+ -lrqsf/_, lzNksf/, x'nLu' Kofv+ dv';]y'sL d's'6 -dt's_ j d]d ]u' lt;f j;Mt
tfd|fsf/, t08"sf/, Jo~hgsf/, zfSo, jh|frfo{, 8+uf]n , k'gf x'nLu' Kofv+ vM.
dxh{g j gflkt cflb ;sn g]jfM hfltof dg"to\t Yj Kofvgo\ lgu" kIf b' 5u" zf:qLo kIf j
5yfo\ b'Yofsf ;dfj]zL j ;dfg'kflts sy+ 5k' x];'sfo\ d]u' nf]s kIf. zf:qLo kIf]zf:qLo /fu j Do]o f tfn]
dfMxgf Yj Kofv+ GXofgfj+u' h'n. Yj Kofv+of 5u" d]u' Kofv+Djf]to\;+ Kofv+kfM sof x'nLu' h";f. d]u ' nf]s kIf]
tMw+u' ljz]iftf, j 5' wfM;f d]d]u' wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts j Yjof No" ckf]w}y]+vFNxfaNxf j clegovo\ O{+ sfO.
kf}/fl0fs Kofv+ y]+5u" x]hfltof hs Kofv+ dh';]hftLo uy]ls, kf}/fl0fs Kofv+t zf:qLo kIf vM;f, afMyM Kofv+
;+ld>0f j ;dGjofTds Kofv+ vM. y'ls u'u'+ 5u"x]hfltof nf]skIf vM. cn]Yj Kofv+ wfld{s, kf}/fl0fs, P]ltxfl;s
hs osMlt -Psflwsf/_ db'. Yj Kofvgo\ wfld{s j j df}lns hs dv';]tflGqs k4lt g+ b'Yofsf x'O{sf
hftLo ;fDk|bflostf db'. y's]k'mSs lxGb' ;Dk|bflosf jofRj+u' Kofv+ vM. j tflGqs k4ltof Kofv+ vM >L
hs dh';]+af}4 ;Dk|bfloof g+ Yj Kofvgo\ b'Yofsf x'O{sf g[l;+x cjtf/Yj Kofvg]>L g[l;+x b]j vDaf t5fgf
jofRj+u' b'. b;'of nfuL af}4 cjtf/Kofv+. yy]yMu' lt+Gx'of lkxf+jof Kofv+kfM sof b}To/fh lx/0osZok'oft
x]la:s+u' y'ln k'nf+u' Kofv+ wfo\dfn wfM;f d]d ]u' yf;]ug+ lnQ'lngf HjgLan]dGq Ajgf hs HjgL. jx]dGqof
b'u' v}dv'. k|efj+ lx/0osZok' d'5f{ h'O. cn]j d"5f{ h"Dx]l;t
Uj Kofv+ bFo\bF;+ sfQL dlxgfo\ x'O{sLu' h"u'ln+ g+ Yj tn]h'of k'hf/L+ nMoft dGq+ ;f]wg ofgf Tj+sf DjfsL, yy]
Kofv+oft sfQL Kofv+wfMu' vM. sfQL dlxgf HjMl5+ Yj 5u" Kofv+of hLljt k/Dk/f vM.
x'Os]dfMu' Yj Kofvgo\ yL yL sy+of la:s+ la:s+u' Kofv+t d]d]u' k/Dk/fut Kofvg] :jof+ Yj Kofvg] tMtflh
b'Yofsf tMu' b'. j nlR5 x'O{sLu' Kofvg]lGxof lGxy+ 5tf afhFt 5nftMu' b'. Kofv+of d"afh+ lvFafh+ vofg+ Yj
5tflh lxnf lxnf Kofv+t Sogf jgLu'. GXos'Gx' x'Os] gfk+ tMtflh la:s+ la:s+of afh+t 5nftMu' b'. uy]ls
w'+s"u' Kofv+ xfg+ ;s'{Gx' -sGx]s  'Gx'_ jf lnkf xfg+ x'OsL HjMlvF Yj hj]j vj]ofgf lguM lvF yfo\dfM. j gfk+
dv'. Yjx]Yj Kofv+of HjM db'u' ljz]iftf vM. Yj Kofv+ aa'rf -ofln_ tfM, Kj+uf cn]Kofv+ :jof dfMyfo\ dfM
5tflh ljifoj:t'oft hs sof x'O{sf Sogf jofRj+u' sy+of afh+t DjfMln, hf]gu/f, wfM, bDaf]lvF, e':ofM j
Kofv+ dv'. y'sL yL yL nLnft Sogf jofRj+u' b'. Yj d[b cflb.
Kofv+ >Ls[i0f nLnfof lnw+;fo\ bo\sf x'OsL jofRj+u' ;dfj]zL j ;dfg'kflts sy+ yL yL hfthfltoft
h"u'ln+ Kofv+of d"kfq >Ls[i0f vM. d]u' Yj Kofv+of d"Kofv+ 5yfo\ 5u" x]ba'nL d'+sf x'O{sf jofRj+u' Kofv+ vofg+
yf}+sGx] 45
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

y'sL b'g]g + 5'+ 5'+ yMu'x]k/Dk/foft sM3fgf jofRj+u' b'. Yj Yj sfQL Kofvgo\ lh g]=;+= !)^$ -lj=;+= @))!_
Kofvg]h'h' >L l;l4g/l;+x dNnof lzIffu'? >L k+= xl/j+z bFo\ Kofv+ Djf]h'of b'xf+ jgf g]=;+= !)^% -lj=;+= @))@_ bF
/fhf]kfWofooft h'h'+ >Ls[i0f Bf]o f k'hf/L h'of gfk+ sfQL lg;]+>Ls[i0f h'of g]=;+= !)^( -lj=;+= @))^_ bF ts nlR5
Kofvg]hj lvF yfo\u' j >L g[l;+xb]j h'of Kofv+ x'n]u ' nlR5 w+s+ Kofv+ x'nf g]= ;+= !!)! -lj=;+= @)#&_ bF ts
efnf lan. cy]h"u'ln+ on, dxfBf]g gLof >L k+= xl/j+z g+ dlbs >ls[i0f x]h'of Kofv+ x'nf jofu' h'n. cg+ No"
/fhf]kfWofoof vnMt;]+x]hs Yj Hof GXofsf jofRj+u' g]=;+= !!)! -lj=;+= @)#*_ ; sflt{s gfr k|aGw ;ldlt
h'n. >Ls[i0f Bf]un]kfMnfDx k'hf/L x]>L g[l;+xb]j :j;]+lg Gx"lk+ Kofv+Djf]t sof u'? -lgb]{zs_ j ;ldltof
h'of Kofv+ x'n]dfM. yf}=ts x'nf jofRj+u' h'n. cy] Joj:yfks h'of Gx"lk+ Kofv+Djf]to\t Kofv+ :og]u' Hof ofgf
x]h'h'of d]Dx lbIffu'? >L k+= ljZjgfy /fhf]k fWofooft gfk+ yMx]g+ Kofv+Djf]g+ h'of g]=;+= !!#@ -@)^(_ bF ts
tflGQs ljlwof k'hfcfhf ofo\u' gfk+ tn]h' ejfgLof afMyM lshf -on]afMyM_ h'of Kofv+ x'nf gfk+ g]=;+= !!##
k'hf/L h'of Kofvg]>L g[l;+xb]j + SjMyMDx d"5f{ h"Dx -lj=;+= @)&)_ bF ts sfQL Kofv+ ba'nL GXofsf jofu'
bfgj/fh lx/0osZok'oft Djfs]u' efnf g+ Ao"u' h'n. h'n. yy]sfQL Kofvg]lh lj=;+= @))! bF lg;]+@)&) bF
y'u' Hof yf}+ts jof vnMt;]+GXofsf jofRj+u' h'n. yy] ts &) -Gx]bF_ sfQL Kofvg]TjMdlkms Hof ofgfu' h'n.
x]Yj Kofvg]lx/0ofIf j lx/0osZok' h'Ot g+ on]g'uM cfM yg sfQL Kofv+of ;k"mof 5s"rf vF
sjMof k'+t -lrqsf/t_ x]dfM Yj k/Dk/f yf}+tx nf GXofgf GXoAjofRjgf. Yj sfQL Kofv+ Gxfkf+ lg;]+u'? k/Dk/f
jofRj+u' h'n. d]u' y'sL afMyM lshf -on]afMyM_ h'Ot sy+ :og]s]g ]ofgf jofRj+u' Kofv+ vM. yy]h"u'ln+ sfQL
ys"h'h' vnMt dNn j+zoflk+ dfo\sf tMu' b'. Yj 5fo\ Kofvg] b'Yofsf tMu' d]d]u' Kofv+t :og]s]g] ofo\t clts+
wfM;f h'h' >L >Llgjf; dNn+ nf]sKofv+ afMyM Kofv+ yfs'u' h'n. Yj Kofv+ lnkf Yo+s+ Djfsfto\t Kofv+of
bo\sf yMx]g+ j Kofvg]afMyM lshf -on]afMyM_ h'of ;k"m 5u" bo\sf TjMtf ys]kmt wfM;f YjKofv+ ;bf+
lDxtfj+u' b' w}u' wfk" b'. plsg+ Yj k/Dk/f GXofgfj+u' h'n. NogfRjlg. lnkfof k':t f+ Yj}t GXofsf jgLnf w}u ' vF
Yj Kofv+ g]=;+= !)^( -lj=;+= @))^_ bF ts bFo\bF;+ lhu' g'un]n'ofjof lh+ Yj ;k"m bo\sfu' h'n. ;k"m Rjo\u'
nlR5 nlR5 Sogf jofRj+u', g]=;+= !)&) -lj=;+= @))&_ emf]no\ lh s[i0f h'of nlR5 nlR5 Kofv+ x'nfan]lhtM
;+ nlR5 k"djg. cg+ g]=;+= !)&! -lj=;+= @))*_ bF lg;]+ laoftMu' kf7 -efiff_ of lnw+;fo\ d]d]lk+ Kofv+Djf]to\;+
g]=;+= !!)) -lj=;+= @)#&_ bF ts bFo\ lgGx' hs >Lj/fx NxfOu' efo\ bo\sf, gfk+ k'nf+u' Kofv+of Do]of lnw+;fo\
cjtf/j >L g[l;+x cjtf/of Kofv+ Sog]u' h'n. cg+ lnkf gfk+ yMDx lDxtf, :jof jof Rjgfu' n'dlGtof lnw+;fo\
g]=;+= !!)! -lj=;+= @)#*_ ; sflt{s gfr k|aGw ;ldlt efiff Rjof bo\sf cn]Do]gfk+ /fu, tfn uy]vM cy]
:jgf Yj Kofv+ bFo\b;+ RofGx' RofGx'O{ kfM dof;]Sogf x]dfMdfMu' yf;]toflaofu' h'n. yy]Yj ;k'mltO yL yL
jofRj+u' h'n. g]=;+= !!)! -lj=;+= @)#*_ ; sflt{s Kofvgo\ yL yL efiff, Znf]s  j Do]t Gxfkf+ lg;]+of uy]vM
gfr k|aGw ;ldlt:jgf Gx"lk+ Kofv+Djf]t sof Kofv+ :og]u' cy]x]d}lynL efo\ j g]kfnefiff g+ tofu' h'n. sfQL
Hof h'n. afMyM lshf -on]afMyM_ h'of Ajlt sof Kofv+gf+ofu' ;k'mltO gf;MBf]o f Do]!& k', Kofv+ofu' @#(
lDxt]u'ln ys" h'h' -dNn_ vnMt ;"g+ Ajlt sfMdjMu' j k', /fu ^% k' j tfn !# u" b'Yofu' h'n. gfk+ Kofv+of b'
Kofv+ Sog]d fMu' h"u'ln+ lh yMx]-Yj Rj;'of Rjld xl/dfg b'u' lskft g+ tof Yj ;k"m g]=;+= !!@( sf}nf Yj fbzL
>]i7_ afMyM lshf -on]afMyM_ h'of lDxtfu' h'n. yy] -lj=;+= @)^^ c;f]h !%, O{=;+= @))( cS6fa]/!_ of
pu' O{n+ lg;]+Gxfkfofu' k/Dk/f tf]lkmgf jg. lb+; lkb+u' h'n.

46 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM

:jlGt gvM j Gx"bF !!#* of ;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
n;tfo\ b' g'unlg;]+ ;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof
;sn g]kfMld lkGt sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

k|f]= b]jrGb| ah|frfo{

rGb|fog :jL6\;
gMk'v', Vjk .
nflndf 6feN; k|f= ln =
kf]=a=g+= #^#(, sdnflb, o]F, gkfM
Varieties of Sweets, Lunch Boxes for different kmf]g $@@$!!$, ofS; M -(&&!_ $@@!!!!
Kinds of Ceremonies or Programs. e-mail : lalima@mail.com.np

afnaflnsf j jftfj/0f ;/f]sf/ g]kfn sG;g{ g]kfn

(CONCERN NEPAL)
g]=;+= !!!# ; gL:j+u' sG;g{ g]kfn wofu' g]kfno\ Ajngf jofRj+u' Hofld d:to\u' ;d:ofoft a'n'x'+ Ho+sf o+s]u',d:to\u' clwsf/of r]tgf
yg]u' gfk+ jftfj/0fLo ;'r's'r' ofo]u' Hof ofgf jofRj+u' lwl;nfMu' /fli6o :t/of u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf vM . Yj ;+:yf+ yf}+sGxo\ yL yL lhNnfof
!,))) Dx+ dNofs ljkGg kl/l:yltof d:to\t lzIff, :jf:Yo, nhufM r"nfs]u' tfnLd laOu' Hofo\ Ujfxfln ofgf jofRj+u' b' .
g]kfno\ Hofld d:to\u' 5u" tYof+s M g]kfno\ lem+Rofb+ Sjo\oflk+ bSj+ d:to\u' NofM !,!%,)),))) b' . y'sL Hofld d:to\u' NofM hs @^,)),)))
b'u' cg'dfg b' . Yj k'mSs dWo] SjXo+u' Hofo\ tSogf Rj+lk+ d:to\u' NofMrfM y'sy+ b' .
!_ el/of Hofld $^,)))
sG;g{ kfv]+ k|To]s :s'nof df=lj= :t/of ljBfyL{to\t @_ 5]FHofo\ RjgLlk+ %^,)))
yL yL ljBfnoo\ jgfM afnclwsf/of af/] hfgsf/L #_ ;tso\ kmf]xf]/ dfnLlk+ $,)))
laOu'of gfk+ 5nkmn HofjM ofgfjofRj+u' b' . y'lsof $_ un}+rf yfOlk+ &,)))
lg+lt+ sG;g{of d"Hofs'lyO :jfk" toflb; . %_ a+w'jf Hofld !&,)))
^_ bnfnt kfv]+ bFo\b;+ dLo+sLlklgu' NofM !) lg;]+ !@,)))
:jfk" to]u' yfo\ M sG;g{ g]kfn &_ sf]onf vfgL !!%
:joDe" , :jtGq dfu{ kf]=a=g+= $%$#, *_ Njx+ vfgL #@,)))
sf7df8f}+, g]kfn (_ Rof k;no\ Hofo\ RjgLlk+ &@,)))
6]lnkmf]g $@*)&%$, $@*($#@ !)_ cKkf 5Llk+ Hofld d:t ^),)))
>f]t M cfO{=Pn=cf]=, sG;g{ g]kfn, hg;+Vof ljefu
ofS; (&&!$@&&)## lq=lj=, tYof+s ljefu, g]kfM ;/sf/ .
O{d]n M concern@mos.com.np
OG6/g]6 M www.concern.org.np d:to\u' hGd btf{ Ono\ x] ofgflb; .

yf}+sGx] 47
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

gf6sof af/] 5'+

k|f= k|]dzflGt t'nfw/

sfJo ;flxToo\ b[Zo sfJo sy+ gfnftMu'gf6s, cyx]kfZrfTo huto\ Gxfkf+ gf6soft sof
;flxlToof k'nf+u' ljwf dWo]5u" vM. dg'v+ hGd+lg;]+ ;}4flGts ?k+ rrf{ ofo\u' Hof cl/:6f]6n+ ofMu' vM.
x]cg's/0f k|j[lt HjgfjMu' bO. Yj x]cg's/0f k|j[lt yf}+:jofM gL :j;M bF GXoM x]cl/i6f]6n+ yM :jofM
j cfTdfleJolQmk"0f{ dgf]j[lQ+ x]gf6sof hGd h"u' Gxfkfoflk+ gf6ssf/lk+ Pl:sn;, ;f]kmf]lSnh,
vM. Rjld, Ajld j /+usld{ :jvns+ :fDjGw h'Ou'ln+ o'l/lk8Lh y]+Holklgu' gf6s JjgfM y'lsof x]cfwf/o\
lqcfoflds :j?k x]gf6sof k|d'v ljz]iftf h"u' b'. gf6s;DjGwL yMu' dfGotf sfJozf:q ;km'tL GXoAjMu'
ljZjof cfkfn+ efiffof ;flxToo\ wofy]+gf6sof vM.cl/:6f]6nof sy+ gf6s wofu' x]hLjgof cg's/0f
ljsf; wfld{s g[To j ;+uLt+ h"u' vg]b'. ;+:s[tfrfo{ vM. gf6soft qf;bL j sd]bL wsfMlgAjo\ ynfM qf;bL
e/td'lg+ gf6\o zf:qof pTklt b}lj zlQm+ h"u' j y'lsof oft ;flxToof bsno\ pTs[i6 ljwf gf;], qf;bLof lj:t[t
;DjGw Ko+u" j]bgfk b'u' VfF GXoy+u' b';f klZrdL ;Eotfof rrf{ cl/:6f]6n+ yMu' sfJozf:q ;km'tL ofgfys"u' b'.
k|flrg s]G b|ljGb' h'ofRj+u' u|L;o\ g+ gf6s pTkltof k[i7e"ld cl/:6f]6nof sy+ qf;bL gf6s :jtM k"0f{, lglZrt
wfld{s cg'i7fg, cr{gf j Ct'kj{gfk :jgfRj+u' vg]b'. cfofd b'u' 5'+ g+ Hofof cg's/0f vM, y'sL yL yL yf;o\
cy]x]g]kfnefiff ;flxToo\ g+ gf6sof k|f/De wfld{s yL yL sy+of cn+s[to'Qm vFNxfaNxf cleJoQm h'ofRjgL,
cg':yfg kfv]+x]h"u' vg]b'. Yj jl0f{t dh';]clegt h'ofRjgL cn]Yj+ s?0ff j eo
k"j{of 5u" k|d'v ;flxTo h'ofRj+u' ;+:s  [t ;flxToo\ ygfM dgf]ljsf/of lj/]rg ofO -;+=gu]Gb|, lj;+ @)!$M
gf6\o l;4fGt tof/ofgfM gf6soft kl/eflift ofMDx !(_ . cl/:6f]6n+ sd]bLoft pln tMlhu' ;flxTo sy+
Gxfkf+Dx cfrfo{ e/td'lg vM. gf+HffMu' syfj:t' pbfQ dgf;]lgDg ju{of dg"of lgDg Hofof xf:ok|b wu+ j0f{g'
gfos, kfo\l5u' c+u j k|j]zs, yL yL /;, ;'vb'Mvd"ns h'O wsfM kl/eflift ofMu' b'. qf;bL;DjGwL cl/i6f]6nof
efjof AjHof x]gf6s vM -dlNns, !(($M$ _ wsfM e/t+ dfGotf dWo]u'lnvo\ dfGotf gf6s n]vgof Hofo\ tfO{ts
gf6s;DjGwL yMu' wf/0ff Ajofj+u' b'. ;+:s[t ;flxToo\ ;j{dfGo,;j{sfnLs w} y]
+ h'ofjg. yHofu' l;4fGt,
sfJoz' gf6s /DoDod wsfM gf6soft bsno\ GXofOk'u' dfGotfoft gfnfM gf6s RjDx ljZjof dxfg gf6sf/
;flxlTos ljwf sy+ softMu' b'.;+:s[t ;flxToo\ lem+u';M z]S;lkP/ g+ vM . cl/:6f]6nof qf;bL;DjGwL u'lnvo\
bF GXoM x]cfrfo{ ef;+ :jKgjf;jbtf y]+HoMu' pRr dfGotfoft kfng of;]z]S;lkP/+cfkfn+ ljZjk|l;4
sf]l6ofu' gf6s /rgf ofo\w'+s"u' vM. lrlgof ;flxToo\ g+ gf6s Rjofjg;f lnkfof d]lk+ gf6ssf/ lklgu' lgl+t
bsno\ k'nf+u' ;flxlTos ljwf gf6s x]h"u' b'. g]kfnefiff z]S;lkP/ 5Dx gd"gf-classics_ y]+x]h"jg.
;flxToo\ yf}+:jofM :j;M bF GXoM d"nb]jz;Lb]j,sflQ k|f}9 j k|frLgtfof b[li6+ clts+ tMlhu' gfnftMu'
Kofv+ y]+HoMu' gf6s /rgf h'Ow'+s"u' Oltxf; b'. ;+:s[t gf6sof Gxfkf+u' nIf0f u|Gy e/td'lgof gf6\zf:q

48 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

vM. y'sL gf6\ozf:qof d"ne"t tTj sy+syfj:t', db'Dx dh';], dfgljo 5'+ sdhf]/L g+ b'Dx cn]j yMu' x]
kfq, /;, /+ud~r, Kofv+DjMto\u' j]ze"iff, ;+uLt, clego, lgultu' sdhf]/L+ ofgfM k6g h'OdfMDx ofgfM Sog]u ' Hof
efiff cflb GXoAjoftMu' b'. cn]yHofu' k|frLg gf6so\ z]S;lkP/+oft.y'sy+ gf6so\ gfosoft yMu' efjfj]z,
wd{ tyf dgf]/~hg x]gf6sof d" k|of]hg h"u' vg]b'. ;+j]u,sNkgfoft d'Qm ?k+ 5\onLDx :jtGq JolQm kfq sy+
cy]x]e/tof gf6\zf:qof lnkf lkb+u' 5u" d"j+u' ;+:s  [t GXoAjo\u' h'n. cy]x]z]S ;lkP/+gf6sof syfj:t' yMDx+
gf6s;DjGwL ;km" ljZjgfyof ;flxTobk{0f g+ vM u'sL l;{hgf ofo\u' dof;]tTsfnLg, Oltxf;, k'/f0f kfv]+sfo\u'
j:t', g]t f, /;of gfk+ clego j o'[lQmoft g++ gf6sof d" ofgfM g+ yMu' ;do ;dfhoft Njo\s yMu' g+ 5'+ sNkgf
TfTj sy+ gfnftMu' b'.k"ljo{ b]o\of yL yL efiffof ;flxToo\ tgfM-Re creation_ gf6soft tTsfnLg ;dfho\ t;s+
k|ToIf k/f]If ?Kf+ y'ldt x]cfwf/gfNffMtMu" zlbts gf6s nf]slk|o h'Os]lan. kmnt z]S;lkP/of gf6s d]lklgu'
/rgf ofo\u' k|rng GXofgfjg.g]kfnefiffof k|frLg gf6s lglt+ 5u" gd"gf h'oflan. z]S ;lko/of yHofu' gf6sof
g+ yHofu' zf:qLo k/Dk/f+ ljd'v dh'n oBlk yMu' g+ k|efj g]kfno\ g+ cjZo Yog. g]kfnL efiffo\ afns[i0f
ljlzi6tf db'u' dv'. ;d+ d'6'sf] Joyf, y]+HoMu' gf6s RjofM kfZrfTo z}n  Lof
kfZrfTo huto\ sfJozf:qof k|0]ftf cfl/i6f]6n+ gf6s b'txo\u' oft;f g]kfnefiffo\ z'b{;g >fd0f] /
+
syfgs, rl/q lrq0f, ljrf/tTj, kb/rgf, b[Zoljwfg, cDjkfnL, x]dnfn hf]zLofv8\ul;l4 y]+Hofu' gf6s
uLt ofgf v'u" tTjoft qf;lbof ;+/r gfof lglt+ d"ne"t RjofM kfZrfTo k/Dk/fof gf6sd'Ss+ z]S ;lkP/ sy+of
tTj sy+ GXoAjMu' b';f sfo{Jofkf/of >[+vnfj4 ljsf;, k/dv';f+ _ k|fb'ef{j oft. yHofu' kfZrfTo k/Dk/fof
O{, yfo\ j ls|ofof PsflGjlt, lj/]rgoft -Cathersis gf6s z'? h';f+ lg;]+g]kfnefiffo\ cfw'lgs gf6sof k|f/De
of emotion _ g+ clgjfo{ TfTjsy+ sfMu' b'. Pl/i6f]6n+ h'n wfo\u' ofgfjMu' b'.
GXoAjMu' qf;bLof y'lk+ TfTjto\t kfZrfTo ;flxToo\ y'sy+ ;f/?k+ sfo\ano\ rfx]k"lj{o ;flxToo\ h'Odf
Pl/i6f]6nof pQ/jtL{ gf6ssf/ xf]/];, z]S;lkP/, cem jf kfZrfToo\ x], gf6s wofu' x]gfos+ ofMu' 5'+ Hofof
x]gl/s OJ;g, agf8{ zf+, rvf]j + ts+ k|ToIf k/f]If ?Kf+ j0f{g jf gfosoft h"u' 5'+ w6gfof lrq0f h'n;f gf6sof
cfwf/gf;]gf6s Rjo\u' oft. Pl/i6f]6 n+ qf;bL wofu' cfwf/>f]t wfld{s syf, k'/f0f, Oltxf; cflb h"u' vg]b'.
uDeL/:jod\k"0f{ j lglZrt cfofdo'Qm Hofof cg's/0f cn]gf6sof ;kmntfwofu' x]bz{s jf kf7slk+t yMu'
h"uln+ syfj:t' g+ ulDe/:jodk"0f{ /lglZrt cfofdofu' yf;+ gf6sof ;+:ff/o\ Yo+s]u' jf gf6so\ Rj+lk+ kfqto\u'
h'OdfM wofu' wf/ 0ff Hj;]syfj: t'oft dxTjk"0f{ ;'v b'Mvgfk Psfsf/ofs] u' h"jg.y'sy+ Kofv+of
yfoaLu' oft. cy]x]qf;bL pRr ju{ofDx dg"of tMw+u' kfqt 36gf b[Zoln;];+j]ufTds ?ko\ 5wL h'Okm't cn]
Hofof j0f{g\ h'Ou'ln+ qf;bLof syfgs ;/n dv' hl6n bz{sto\t g+ Kofvg+ ;+j]ufTds ?k+ u'ln k|efltjt ofo\kmt
-Complex_ h'OdfM wofu' cl/:6f]6 nof wf/0ff vM, t/ pln x]gf6s ;kmn h'Ou' h'n. t/gf6s+ yy]wd{ cfgGb,
Pl/i6f]6n lnkfof gf6ssf/lk+ z]S;lkP/, lgsf]nh, g}ltstfof lzIff aLu' ofM;f+ cfd hgtfof 3ftk|ltoft
dfnf]{, y]+Holk+ gf6ssf/lk;+ syfj:t'oft :jofg+ wfM;f yHofu' gf6s+ 5'+ ;/f]sf/tMu' vg]db'.
rl/qoft cKJf dxTj aLu' oft.gf6sof d" kfq ;+:s[t !*cf}+ zlb lg;]+ o'/f]ko\ k|af]w o'u
gf6so\ y]+wL/, jL/Dx BM jf h'h' x]hOdfM w}u ' db';f+ -Enlightenment Age_ z'? h"u' gfnftMu' b';f !*()
pRr s'nofDx cf}lrTok"0f{Dxh'Odf w}u' b'. t/gf6sof of y'u]of ;dofjlwoft cfw'lgs o'u -Modern Age_
gfoM pRr s'nDxofDx wL/jL/Dx vofM g+ 5'+ x]bf]if dfg]ofgftMu' b'. Yj o'uo\ Eff}lts ljsf;of Vono\
yf}+sGx] 49
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

hs dv', ;flxToof Vono\ g+ Xo"kfM jn. yHofu' x] k|efjsf/L;fwg h"jg. yHofu' OJ;gjfbL gf6sof k|efj
k|efj :j?klem+u'+u" zbLof cGt kfv]gf6s ;flxToof g]kfno\ g+ b'Yog. g]kfnL efiffo\ uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfn+
ljsf;o\ 5u" tMw+u' Xo"kfM gj]{of x]lgl/s hf]g OA;g+ d;fg gf+u' gf6s RjofM OJ;gjfbL gf6sof k|of]u ofgfM
-O{=;+ !*@* !()^ _of stf+d/Lof 5]FDoll's) gf6s+ Sogflan;f g]kfnefiffo\ O{Zj/fgGb+ km;+k" nKt],k;"sf,
xoflan. gf6sof ljifoj:t' lg;]+k|:t'lts/0fof dfWod, yMu' 5]F, km'Ns'lt+ y]+HoMu' gf6s kfv]+ofgf Sog. lnkf
wf/0ff, km'Ss km'Ss, k/Dk/fut gf6s gfk kft.!_gf/L jfz' zzL, lul/hfk|;fb hf]z  Llk+ cflblk+ g+ yHofu' x]
;d:ofoft sofM RjoftMu'Yj gf6s+ gf6sof Vono\ oyf{yjfbL ;d:ofd"ns gf6s HjgfM GXoMg]vg]bo\sM
hs dv' ld;fk|ltof TfTsfnLg ;+s[0f{ d"NodfGotfk|Lt jn. gf6sof ljifo ;fdflhs ;d:of, ld;f ;d:of
g+ GXo;M yg] u' oft .@_gf6so\ /f]df~rsf/L, cfbL hs s]Gb|Lt dh';]dgf]j}1flgs ;d:of juL{o
rDfTsf/ L,sfo{Jofkf/of yf;o\ oyf{ytfoft yfo\aLu' ;d:of, eflifs ;d:of, /fhg}lts,gf/L ;d:of cflboft
h'n. #_36gfof kln;f 5u" tMw+u' ju{ jf ;d"xof g+ sofM Gff6s Rjo\u' Hof b'uf{nfn, kb\d/Tg, lbg]z 
;d:ofoft Ajo\u' h'n.$_BM, h'h', ef/bf/lklgu' e'h', ljhoaxfb'/dNn, k|sfzs'df/L, /fhefO{ hsMld,
kln;f ;fwf/0f dg'"oft g+gf6so\ yfo\ aLu'h'n. t/ zlzsnf, /d]zsflh cflby]+Holk+ Rjld kfv]+h'n.
j ;fwf/0f dg";f+ 5u" ju{ jf 5u" ;d"xof k|ltlglWj ;doof Xo"kfMln;]+ Hofs 8]l/bf, ldz]n km'sf],
ofODx h'O.%_ba'nL 36gfof kln;f ;d:ofof 5nkmn hfFjf]lb|of/ y]+ HoMlk+ ljrf/st lkbg .cfw'lgssfno\
ofo\u' h'n.&_ lgu" zlQmof kln;f lgu" ljrf/wf/fof ;Toof u'u' ;j{sflnstf, ;flj{stfo\ ljZjf; ofMu' vM
G Sog]u' h'n.k'nf+u' ;+:sf/,jGwgoft pk]I ff ofo\u' pQ/cfw'lgssfno\ jofM Yjoft y'g]u ' h'n. yg 5'+ g+
h'n.*_kmnt gf6s+ g'uMoft yLu' :jofM g+ GXok'oft :yL/db' lg/Gt/yg kl/jt{g h'ofRjgL Gx"Gx"u' lgdf0f{
s''nfaLu' h'n. (_ba'nL w6gfof 5nkmn hs Sog]u ' h'ofRjgL w}u' ljrfn+ yfo\sfn. kmnt ;flxToo\ g+ u'u' g+
h';]+ln 5' ba'NfL Sog]lhp jf 5' dlhp w}u ' ;Df:of g+ ljwfoft lglZrt lgodo\ hs ;Lldt ofgfM :jo]u' rng
dGt. !)_ gf6s GXofyfo\, GXofan]+GXofu' ;d:ofoft ljw6g h'h'+jg. lgjGwo\ afv+, afvgo\ gf6s, gf6so\
sofM g+ Sog]km}u' h'n. yHofu' gf6sof k|efj gj]{no\ sljtf Njfs5\ofgfM Rjo\u' cGt/ljwfTds k|of]ut g+
hs lns'gf dRj+;]ljZjof km'Ss ;flxToo\ Gogfjg. vg]bofjn. kmnt gf6soft cKJfM k|efjsf/L h'Os]u'
OJ;g+ GXofs"u' yHofu' cfw'lgs gf6sof k|jfxoft lglt+ gf6sof k|:t'tL jf /rgfo\ yL yL ljwfof u'0foft
jgf{8 zf y]+HoMlk+ gf6ssf/lk;+ cg';/0f hs ofMu' g+ Tof;f sfo\u' h'n. kmntdxfsfJogf6s, k"0f{ gf6s,
dv';] Quintessence of Ibsenism wsfM ;km" ;d]t y]l;; gf6s y]+HoMu' gf6s vg]b t;f gf6sof ;+/r gfo\
k|sflzt oft;f ljlnPd cfy{/, P8d08 u;l8glk;+ g+ sljtfof yL yL xn+ Hj+n+ 5\onfM sfJo gf6s
g+ OJ;gjfbL gf6sof k|rf/k|;f/o\ g+ cfkfn+ ltaM ljn. Poetry play _ y]+HoMu' gf6sof k|rng h'n.,zf]wof
t/ zf g+ OJ;g+ of nFk' lngfM g+ OJ;g+ y]+gf6sof kfqto\t lsrM ;Lbo\s vg]bt. gf6ssf/+yMu' ljrfM, l;4fGtoft
:jefljs oyfly{s ofgfM Ajo\u' :jof g+ yMu' ljrf/wf/f k|efjsf/L ?k+ Ajo\t yHofu' ljwfoft g+ aMsfo\u' oft.
AjOlk+ kfqt sy+ 5\on]u ' oft. kmnt gf6sof kfqt kmnt dxfsfJo gf6s -Epic drama _, zf]w gf6s
j}olQms kfq dh";]n]vs lgb]{lzt kfq h"jg.;Df:of -Thesis Drama_, k"0f{ gf6s -Total Theatre_,
GXoAjo\u' x]gf6sof d" ljifo h"jno\ yf}+of dg"oft sljtf gf6s -PoeticDrama _ cflbof ljsf; h'n.
h'ofRj+u' Gxofu' g+ ;Df:of Ajo\u' lglt+ gf6s 5u" clego g+ ofgfM SogLu' h"u'ln+ d]d ]u' ;flxlTos

50 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

ljwf :jofM yf}+of lSni6 hLjgof cg]s ;Df:ofoft

Ajo\u' lglt+ gf6s 5u" pko'Qm dfWod h"ano\ yHofu' ;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM
;d:ofoft cem k|efjsf/L wu+ Ajo\u' lglt+ yL yL k|of]u , ;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
yL yL ljlwt g+ 5\on]u' h'n;f d]v]/yf}+pt/cfw'lgsjfb+
;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof
xMu' gjs]Gb|of lgdf0f{, gjr]tgf, gj b[li6s]f0f gj
sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\
jftfj/ 0f tyf ax'ntf, ljljwtf, ld>Lttfk|ltof
ljZjf;of cjwf/0ffof k|ToIf k|efj gf6s ljwfo\ g+
nft. Yj x]sy+ ba" 5u" ;M lkdHjMlkdHJfMlklgu' ;M laho/Tg zfSo
Go+s]u' yfo\ h'n. pls+ lDxuMts jlxis[t, l;+df+is[t k|f]k|fO6/
h'ofRj+lk+ ckf+u, blnt, t>f]ln+uL cflbto\u' ;d:of
Sog]tg+ gf6soft 5\on]u' h'n. g]kfMof u'?s'n gf6\ /Tgfog Hof;M k;M
ozfnfo\o\ ld;f :fd:ofoft sofMRjoftMu' k'tnLsf] vdf TjfM, Vjk@ . kmf]g M ^^!@^&%
3/, ckf+uto\u' ;d:ofoft sofM RjoftMu' b]lif sf],
t>f]ln+uLto\u' ;d:ofoft sofM RjoftMu' cj kl/jt{g lhldu' k;no\ emfOlk+ ;sn u|fxslk+t k"/f tf}nof
x'g' k5{ y]+HoMu' Kofv+ d~rg h"u" y'lsof bz' vM. y'ln Uof/]G6L gfk+ ln;+ db"u' le+u' -5fkf_ n'Fof lt;f Hjn+
hsdv' yf}+;dfho\ ;r]tgf yg]u' lglt+ g+ gf6soft 5u" lau' arg laof Rjgf .
k|jn HofaM sy+ 5\on]u' h'n. gf6\ozfnfo\o\ jgfM Kofv+
:jjgLlk+ dv'lk+, dkm'lk+ hgtfoft x]bsno\ cKj r]t gf
yg]u' hfu/0f xo\dfMu' x'lg+ ;j{gfd y]+HoMu' ;+:y f+ lemnf+
y'Os]dkmOu' vF lemu" ldg]6+ y'Os]u' r]i7fof lglt+ ;8s
gf6s ljlwof u'u' k|of]u oft, yf}+ufs+ nf]slk|o j Jofks
h'ofjMu' b'. vo\tnf g]kfno\ yHofu' ;8s gf6sof
k'nf+u' k|of]u sy+ u'+k'GxLof VofNfMoft g+ sfo\km' t/Yj
;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM, ;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
d'Ss+ ;"rgfd"ns h'Ou' :jof g+ dgf]/~ hg y'lsof d'Vo
clek|fo h"u' b'. g]kfno\ ;8s gf6sof Gxfkf+ k|of]u
;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof
;j{gfd ;+:y f+ So+u' cflzif dNNfof xfdL j;Gt vf]lh/x] sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\
5f}+ -@)#* _ vM. hgo'4of sfno\ g+ uf+ ufdo\ hgtfofs]
/fhg}lts r]tgf yg]u ' lglt+ yHofMu' ;8s gf6sof k|of]u
k|r'/?k+ h"u' b';f yf}+;/sf/, tyf yL yL ;+3 ;+:yf+ hgtf
;dIf :jf:Yo, :qL lzIff, gful/s clwsf/, dlxnf
lszf]/ ah|frfo{
a]rljvg lj?4 ;r]tgf yg]u' cflb y]+Hofu' Hofof lglt+
k|f]k|fO6/
;8s gf6soft 5u" cToGt k|efjsf/L HofjMsy+ 5\on]u '
ofgfxMu' b' . yf}+emL;+ d]u'oft :jof g+ hgr]tgf yg]u' lglt+
lrefM Hof;M k;M
t'nf5]F, eQmk'/* . kmf]g M ^^!#$^^
gf6soft k|of]u ofo\u' cfjZos h"u' b' .
yf}+sGx] 51
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

ag]kfof
VjfkfM Kofv+ 1fgsfhL dfgGw/

k"j{o\ /QmrGbg wfOu' r08]Zj/L h+un, pQ/o\ Rjlgu' vM. u'ln e}/ j gfk, u'ln b]jL gfk :jfk' tof ;d"x
yfMu' h+un, blIf0fo\ SjMu' h+unof k[i7e"ldO sf7df8f}F ;d"x h'of u0fKofv+ x'Olsu' vM. yy];'g+ b]j b]jLlk+ gfk
g+ @^ ls=ld= k"j{ ;d'b|L ;tx g+ $*)) lkm6 Rj]nfMu' :jfk' b'u' VjfkfM k'of x'lnu' Kofv+oft Vjfkf b'u' b]j b]jLof
lrw+u' /d0fLo pkTosfo\ Rj+u' k|flrg gu/ag]kfof yMu' :j?k gflnu' vM. j Kofv+t dWo]o]Fof Zj]tsfnL Kofv+
x]lsl;dof snf, ;+:s[lt j wd{ /Lltl/jfh. gvMrvM j onof xl/l;l4 -hn_ Kofv+ Hofk' hflt+ x'lnu' vM.
t+ GXofgfRj+u' b]vM. j+zfjnL sy+ yf}+lDxuMof ag]kf onof u+ Kofv+, lsk"of af3 e}/j, Vjkof gjb'uf{, o]Fof
h'h' cfgGbb]j + r08]Zj/Lof lgb]{zg sy+ slnut jif{ eb|sfnL j krnL e}/jof Kofv+ uy' hflt -dfnfsf/_
$!(& tfs]lgdf{0f ofMu' vM. jo\sn+ huHhggL uy' j ufyf y/of ;d'bfolkg;+ GXoflsu' vM. Yj Kofv+t
dfO{ r08]Zj/Loft ag]kfof Oi6b]jL sy+ gfnf b]zo\ dWo]u'ln+ bFo\b;+, u'ln+ !@bFof 5sM x'Olsu' rng' b'. yy]
ljgafwf djo]d f wsf Rofu' lbzfo\ RofDx u0f]B M Kofv+ tLg ;x/]hs dv' ;x/+lkg]g+ x'Olsu' b'. ;Sjof
:yfkgf ofgftMu' b'. v8\uhf]lugL -jh|hf]lugL_, y]rf]of dxfnIdL, vf]gfof
:sGbk'/f0f sy+ ;'+ g+ k'?if zlQm gfz ofo]dk}mu' ?b|fo0fL, kgf}tLof a|Dxfo0fL Kofv+t pbfx/0f b'. yy]
j/ sofRj+Dx r08f;'/ b}Tooft OGb|flb b]jlklgu' cg'/f]w Vjfkfn+ k'of Kofv+ x'lnu' u0fKofv+ bf]n  vf, g'jfsf]6,
l:jsf/ofgf b]j L r08]Zj/L+ j c;'/o ft jw ofgf lapu'ln kfNkf, afUn' cflb yf;]g+ b'.
jx]yf;]b]jLof :yfkgf h"u' . lnkf b]jLof rl/qof dft[sfu0f Kofv+ d'Vo ofgf lgu' k|sf/ of b'
JofVofof nfuL VjfkfM -d'sG' 8f]_ k'of ljleGg b]j b]jLlk+ cfg'i7flgs j dgf] /
~hgfTds . cfg'i7flts u0f
g+ b'Yofsf b]j L g[To ofo]u' rng h"u' wsf lh drfan] Kofv+ u'Xo k'hfljlw j tGq gfk :jfk' b' ;f dgf]/~hg
ldld ca'h' df]x gnfn lv+ dfgGw/+5SjM sgflbpu' vM. Kofv+no\ yy]u'xo ljlw 5'+ g+ b}d v'. u'u+' Ono\ cfjZos
b]jdfnfj+zfjnL sy+ u'0fsfdb]j + -k|yd_ dxfnIdLof h'n wfM;f cyjf pT;j ofo]dfn wfM;f Vjfkfn+ k'of
cfb]z sy+ pkTosfof :j+u' ;x/-kf6g, sf7df8f}Fj dgf]/~hgfTTds u0fKofv+ x'lnu' rng g+ b'. y'hf]u'
eQmk'/_ bo]sf dxfnIdL, dxfsfnL j dxf;/:jtL gfdof Kofv+of 5'+ lglZrt yfo\ j O{ bOdv', 5'+ g+ u'7L gfk g+ :jfk'
:jDx b]jLoft :j+u' ;x/of Oi6b]jLof ?ko\ :yfkgf ofgf bOdv'. y'hf]u' Kofv+ 5'+ O{of nfuL hs h'Ou' . cg'i7flgs
k|To]s ;x/of Rofu' lbzfo\ ci6dft[sfoft /Iffof ?ko\ Kofv+ wfn;f 5'+ g+ hflt jf u'7L gfk :jfk' bofRjlg gfk+
:yfkgf ofgf :j+u' ;x/of :jDx dft[sfof cnu cnu O{ j yfo\of g+ Joj:yf h'of Rjlg. y'hf]u' Kofv+of ljlw
Kofv+ bo]s  f Sog]u ' rng h'ofRj+u' vM. lgod tflGqs jlw sy+ x]hs h'O gfk+ vr{ g+ ckf]
dft[sf g[To -d'sG' 8f]_ Vjfkfn+ k'of sf7df8f}F h'O. y'hf]u ' Kofv+ 5'+ g+ P]ltxfl;s j cfVoflgs of
pkTosfo\ 5'g+ kj{o\ j cj;/]x'Olsu' Kofv+ cfMg+ k'i6e"ldof cfwf/]GXoflsu' vM. y'lsof yMu' x]Oltxf;
GXofgfRj+u' b'. Yj Kofv+ ;'g b]j b]jLlk+ gfk :jfk' bof g+ bofRjlg. y'hf]u' Kofvg+ hgdfg; k|efj g+ af+nfs

52 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

x] nfsL. ljlw j tGqkfv] b]jb]jLlklgu' VjfkfMoft b'. cy]x]ag]kfof #@Dx u0fof Yj Kofvgo\ ljleGg
hLjGof; ofgf tOu' h'of hgdfg;o\ b]j b]jLlk+ x]vM wsf hfltoflk+ b'Yofgf Rj+u' b'. y'ls k|wfg vnof 5Dxl;g+
>4f j elQmk"j{s cfb/ofOu' vM;f ug+ ug+ nf k'hf g+ e}/jof Vjfkfn+ k'of u0f Kofvgo\ Ajlt sfOu' vM. e}/j
laOu' rng b'. y'hf]u' Kofv+ tfMnfs GXofgf Rjlgu' vM. lzjof pu| k gfnftMDx h'of e}/ joft dxfeo\s//f}b|
cg'i7flgs Kofv+ lgu' sy+of b'. bFo\b;+ Solgu' k'?if b]j k'?if sy+ gfnfsfOu' vM. VjfkfM Kofv+t afh+,
u0fKofv+ j v'bF cyjf !@ bFo\ Solgu' Kofv+ . Yj Kofv+of sfxfF, kf]+uf, lv+, 9f]ns, e':o f j d]d]u' afhfof tfno\
d"n BM ;fdfGotof ;'+ b]jL cyjf clhdf bO ;f u'u+' x'Olsu' vM. yy]afh+of Wjlg j tfnof cfwf/]x'lnu'
Kofvgo\ e}/j bofRjlg. Yj Kofv+oft u'u+o' ft dft[sf u0fKofv+of afhfof Wjlg+ ljg afwf cflb Gxgf jgf
Kofv+, u'u+o' ft clhdf Kofv+ ;f u'u+o' ft e}/j Kofv+, b]zo\ ;'v zflGt h'O wfOu' hgljZjf; g+ b'. t/Yj
u'u+o' ft uy' Kofv+ wfOu' rng b'. vf; ofgf g]j fMto\u' s'df/L Kofv+ lbgfj+u' g+ !)* bF dofo\ w'+sn. ps]Yj
afx'Notf b'u' yf;o\ y'hf]u ' Kofv+ t Sog]u ' ofOu'. Vjkof Kofv+ GXofs]t 5' 5' ljlw ljwfg ;'gf ;'gf ofOu' vM
gjb'uf{ Kofv+ bFob;+ solgu' vM ;f lsk'of af3e}/j of chf]u' ljlw ljwfg bsf];'gfg+ yy]x]vM wsf wfo]k'mlk+
Kofv+ !@bFo\ 5sf]Solgu' vM. ;'+ dbo]w '+snu' h'of P]ltxfl;s ?k+ GXofgf jofRj+u'
;fFuf, gfnf, w'lnv]n  , >Lv08k'/, rf}sf]6 j kgf}t L ag]kfof VjfkfM Kofv+ yf}+Gxgf jg. ag]k fof dxTjk"0f{
y]+HjMu' P]ltxfl;s gu/of by'O Rj+u' ag]k f ;x/]Vjfkfn+ ;f+:s[lts Oltxf; nf]k h'n. ;DalGwt lgsfo g+ y's]
k'of x'lnu' Kofv+of ?o\ Vjkof gjb'uf{ Kofv+ x/]s bFo\ k'ghf{u/0f ofo]dfMu' cfjZostf vFgfRjgf.
Solgu' ofO. o]Fof Zj]tsfnL -g/b]jL_of Kofv+ !@ bF 5sf]
O{ ldn]ofgf ag]k fo\ x'Os]olgu' vM. Vjkof gjb'uf{ Kofv+

 
ag]kfo\ #Gx' Solgu' vM;f Gxouf+, ag]kf, ;f+uf, gfnf,
w'lnv]n, >Lv08k'/rf}sf]6 j kgf}tL g+ Solgu' b'. t/
o]Fof Zj]tsfnL g/b]jLof Kofv+ !@bFo\ 5sf]hs ag]k fof   

   
 



nfo\s' gfk Rj+u' 8anL x'Olsu' vM. ag]k fof r08]Zj/L   

gfk Zj]tsfnLof :jfk' b'ul' n r08f;'/oft :ofo]t

r08]Zj/Loft zj]tsfnL+ dGqljlw+ b]kf Nxfto\ YjF bo\
sf Tj+sf r08]Zj/Loft tF jo]s  ]laof :ofs]lapu' b[Zo
Solgu' vM. ps]+Yj Kofv+oft r08]Zj/L j r08f;'/of 
     
 
   

k]d|oft e+u ofo]t Zj]tsfnL+ lDxltu' e"ldsfof b[Zo


Solgu' wfOu' vM.  

g]jfM ;dbf'oof ;+/rgf t;s+ af+nf. Yj ;d'bfo 
     

Rjlgu' yfoyf;o\ axf, alx, kmn]rf, glg, k'v', lxtL, t'F,

   
 


  

8anL cflb g+ bofRjlgu' vM. cn]kj{ kj{an]x'Olsu'

Kofv+t Yjx]8a'nL x'Olsu' vM. ag]kfof P]ltxfl;s
s'df/L Kofv+ VjfkfM k'of Kofv+ nfos'of 8a'nL Gxfkf+
x'Olsu' cn]ljleGg TjfMof yfoyf;]x'Olsu' rng'
yf}+sGx] 53
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

KofFFvof Oltxf;o\
Vjkb]of e"ldsf cf]d wf}ef/L

xlndoo\ x]KofvF 5u' ;flxToof k'nf+u' lawf :jfk' b'u' sf/0f g]kfn d08no\ KofvF of lasf; ofo]t
v. xlndoof km'Ss+ wfo]y] +;Eotfo\ KofvFof t;Ss UjfxfnL bt. g]kfof KofvFgo\ VjfMkf KofvF hs dvof
RjM5fo]axh' sy+ ljsf; h'u' b'. Nofl6g cd]l/  sL /fdfo0f, dxfef/t yHofu' wfld{s u|Gyof k|efj cKjn.
;Eotf, u|Ls ;Eotf h'o]df,  ef/ tLo pkdxflkof u'sL+ ofgf g]=;+  = #!# ;+ ;+:s[  tof slj eje'lt+ /rgf
;+:s[t ;Eotf, KofvFof lasf; af+nfs h'u' vg]b'. ofu' pQ/ /fdrl/t gf+ofu' KofvF g]kfn d08no\
psLO ;+:s[t ;Eotfo KofvF lasf; ofo]u'nL dxfsjL s]g]u' HofM h'n . g]=;+= #^& ;+ h'h' hob]j+ d]g 6'GyL
ef;, dxfsjL sfnLbf;, eje'lt, xif{jw{g, cZj3f]if, gfukg ljlw ljwfg ofu' cj;/o\ gGxL KofvF Nx'Osn.
af0f, /fhz]v/, hob]j yHofkL+ oSj oSj ljfg tou' g]=;+= $#* o\ ho cl/dNn of kfnfo d'/f/Lof s[lt
tw+u' e'ldsf b'. g]kfn d08no KofvFof Oltxf; ;+:s[t gfufgGb KofFv Sog]u' HofM h'n. cy]t'+ g]=;+= $$) ;+
y]+ tfxfs dh';f+ P]ltxfl;s sfn lg;]+ x] KofvF yfo Sou'+ /Tgfut KofvFgo tTsflng h'h' ho?b|dNn yM x]
sfo]w'+su' vg]b'. cf ts n'ofju' k|df0f sy+ hn+ b]oof KofvF DjM h'oflDxtn. g]=;+= $$$ ;+ l;d|f}gu9 ofDx
xl/ l;l4of KofvF bSsn]k'nfu'+ KofvF v. u'u' yf}+ cf/fWo b]jL t'nhf ejfgL HjMgf /fhkl/jf/, ef/bf/
:jof lgKoF; bF GXof x] pHh}gof h'h' ljqmdflbTo+ g]kfM j d]d] kL+ hgtf t Vjko cf>o sfju' Ono lg;]+yg
ufno xu' v wfO. yMy]BMof VjfMkf k'of KofvF Sog]u' 8f]o ;+:s[ltof k|efj cem cKjn . ;+:s[t gfkgfkf+
k/Dk/f cg lnkf g]kfM d08no\ yfo yf;o ljsf; d}lyln efoof lasf; ofo]u' emj\no l;d|f}gu9of 5Dx
h'n. vf]gfof l;sfnL KofvF, y]rf]of gjb'uf{ KofvF, ljfg Hof]lt/]Zj/+ /rgf ofu' w't{ ;dfud gf+ofu' KofvF
lsk'of af3e}/j KofvF, Vjkof Os'+-gjb'uf{_ KofvF, o]F Sog]u' oft . ;+:s[t ;Eotfo uy] sfnLbf;+ /rgf ofu'
of Gotd? clhdf KofvF, eb|sfnL KofvF, onof uF dfnljs|fgL ldq KofvF, xif{jw{g+ /rgf ofu' lk|oblz{sf
KofvF, y]+oSj yfoyf;o VjfMkf KofvF GXoft. j /TgfjnL KofvF kmfu'of n;tfo So+u' cn]xif{jw{g+
Yjx]jno 5u' Ono g]kfM d08nof Vjkb]o h'u' Rju' gfufgGb KofvF OGb|f]T;jo n;tfo, d'/f/L+ /rgf ofu'
Oltxf; b'. h'h' cfgGbb]j+ /fHo ofgf Rj+u' Ono uf]ktL dfntL dfwj j pQ/ /fdrl/t hugfy hfqfof n;tfo
sfo:y wfDx 5Dx VjkdL Ejt+, kGtL h'of t/fO jgf So+u' v, cy]x]g]kfn d08no g+ h'h' lklgu' a'FbL, Olxkf,
l;d|f}gu9 Yos+n . cg dxfef/tof ls;lsGwf kj{ lg;] yL yL hfqfof jno KofvF Sog]u' k/Dk/f GXoft .
NXoof xn. pu' Ono l;d|f}gu9o\ uf+uo b]j /fHo ofgf Yjx]jno oSj O GXof lg;]+lbgfRj+u' onof a+'u BM
Rj+u' v . cy]nf l;d|f}gu9of ;+:yfks h'h' gfGob]jof of hfqf xfg+ GXofOu' n;tfo g]=;+  = $%& >fj0f fbzL
kfnf lg;]+ lgu' /fHo by'O wfld{s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts s'Gx' yg dlx/fj0f jw gf+ofu' KofvF So+u' vg]b'. u'u'

54 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

KofvFof RjdL ljfg hot d'NdL v. pDx ljfg+ Yj n'ofju' db'gL. pu' Ono Vjk b/af/o z'e/fh wfDx
TjtfM xl/ZrGb| gf+ofu' d]u' 5u' KofvF g+ /rgf ofu' b'. Yj d]Dx KofvF RjdL oft t;Ss dxTj laoftu' vM. u'Dx
Ono ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn d08nof /fhwfgL Vjkb]o vM cn] z'e/fh ef/f] g+ g]kfMof KofvFof Oltxf;o ?kd~h/L
pu' Ono yg hocl/dNn g+ /fHo ofgf Rju+' v. cy]; f+ kl/0fo, kf08j ljho yHofu' Uo;'nfu' KofvF t /rgf
Yj KofvF Sog]t km'Ss+ Uj;f UjDx dg' onof dxfkfq ofMu' vM. oIf dNnof sfo /fo dNnof p;fFo leg]df 
hol;+x dNn v. cy]t+' g]=;+= $(! efb| z'Sn t[ltof wof g]=;+= %&# o rt'/ dxfef/t KofvF Sou'+ b' . cy]x]
s'Gx' onof of]vfrf] ljxf/of ljfg /Tgfsf/ uf]d]Gb| oIf dNnof d]Dx sfo /fd dNnof hxfg ct'Nofb]jL 
rGb| g+ d'b|f/fIf; gf+ofu' KofvF Rjof So+u' v. pu' Ono Kjfyo b'u' Ono Vjk b/jf/+ Yjx] z'e/fh ef/f] g+ RjMu'
Vjko rf]gf hof{h'g b]j /fHo ofgf Rj+u' v. Yjx]h'h'of ?k d~h/L kl/0fo KofvF k|bz{g ofu' yg lGxyg]axM h'.
kfnfo /fdbf; gf+ofDx 5Dx ljfg g+ dbfn;fx/0f gf+ of cy]t +' oIf dNnof lrlwsDx sfo /0f dNnof sfo dfwj
KofvF d~rg oft. cy]t'+ Yj x]h'h'of kfnfo km+kL{of dNnof gfynb]jL gfk+ Olxkf h'u' Ono jx] z'e/fh ef/f]+
;fdGt o'yl;+x g+ xl/z+s/of hfqfof jno /fdfo0f RjMu' kf08j laho KofvF So+u' vM. Yj lgk' KofvFof
KofvF Rjs] laof Sog]u' oft . y'v] Vjkof lqk'/ ul2O lnw+;fo KofvF RjdL z'e/fh ef/f] of Dxl;sf l;Os]
hol:ylt dNn jo]w'+sf jof tlwsDx sfo howd{ ck'n. jos of ca'of gf+ ceo/fh cn]jos 5Dx
dNnof hftsd{ ofu' Ono rt'/ /fdfo0f KofvF Sou'+ z'b| s'nofDx vM ;f+ sljZj/pkflw+ 5foKo'Dx AolQmTj
b'. pDx x]hol:ylt dNn+ /fHo ofgf Rj+u' Ono g]=;+  = h'of ceo/fh 5Dx gf+hfDx dg' vM wfo]u' So+. Vjkof
%)! o\ onof dxfkfq hol;+x dNn g+ wd{kfn oft tTsflng ef/bf/o ts z'e/fhoft yfo b'u' h'o pu' Ono
/fdfo0f Rjs]laof k|bz{g ofu' b'. cy]t'+ g]=;+= %)@ yg yhft Sjhft :jof ljtfoft dxTj lapu' v+s]km'.
kf}ifjlb PsfbzL v'Gx' hol:ylt dNnof tlwsDx sfo oIf dNn lnkf g]kfM d08nof u2LO{ tlwsDx sfo
ho wd{ dNnof Olxkfof cj;/o e}/jfgGb KofvF Sog. /fo dNn Rj+u' h';f+ jof lshf /Tg dNn+ g]=;+= ^)@ O{
u'u' KofvF dfl0fs wfDx ljfg /rgf ofu' vM. sflGtk'/o :jtGq /fHo ofMu' Ono KofvF ljwfoft dxTj
Yjx]jno g]=;+
 = %$& h]i7  z'Sn PsfbzL s'Gx' lapu' b'. g]=;+ = ^!%o\ yM sfo ;"o{ dNn-g/]Gb| dNn_
Oalxno nFo' fu' uh' j WofFo 5fMu' n;tfo\ hoHof]tL{ of Olxkfof cj;/o rt'/ /fdfo0f KofvF So+u' b'.
dNn+ kfv] /fd ef/f] g+ /rgf ofu' aL/ afx' KofvF Sog] y'u' KofvF RjdL zlz/fh vM. yg zlz/fh, z'e/fh,
lan. y'v]g]kfn  d08nof bSsn]No'ofDx h'h' oIf ceo/fh, Clif/fh 5u' x] kl/jf/of b'hM h'o] kmOu' oSj
dNnof kfnfo ts Vjkb]o /fhwfgL h'ofRj+u' Ono yg ;Defjgf b'. y'lsof 5u' la:s+ cWoog cg';Gwfg
oSj oSj KofvF /rgf ofo]u' cn] hgtfof by'O Sog]u' h'o]df y]+ Rj+ . y'v] o]Fof /TgdNn TjMtf dx]Gb| dNn,
HofM GXoft. y'lsof b;L g]=;+= %^! o\ Vjkof h]nfF k|tfk dNn, hok|sfz dNn lk+; KofvF ljwfof lasf;o
Tjfno hg:t/ x] rt'/ /fdfo0f KofvF Sog]u' HofM h'n . dxTjk'0f{ of]ubfg ofMu' Oltxf; b'. cy]x ]onof dxfkfq
u'u' KofvF cfM ts hg:t/+So+u' Gxfkf+u' KofvF h"u' b'. to;+ Gxfkf lg;]+Ono Aono KofvF Sogf jof Rj+u'nL
h'h,' jof kl/jf/ j ef/bf/ tou' lgDtL hs yy] KofvF on b]o :jtGq h'o w'+sfln l;l4g/l;+x dNn, >Llgjf;
Sogf jof Rj+un ' L hgtfof lgDtL hgtf x]KofvF bo]sf dNn, of]ug/]Gb| dNn lk+; KofvFof ljsf; ofo]t
Sou+' 5u' dxTjk'0f{u' vF vM. u'u' KofvFof RjdL ljfg dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf lDxt'u' b'. y'sL l;l4g/l;+x dNn g+
Clif/fh vM. Clif/fh ;' vM jofu' cKjf]Dxl;sf bSsn] Gxfkf+ d'Ss+ g]kfn efiffof PsfbzL KofvF rf]of
yf}+sGx] 55
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

5u' Rj5fo]axu' HofM ofu' vg]b '. yHofkL+ ljfglkGt yfo b'u' h'of rf]g.  hu{Hof]lt dNn
g]kfn d08nof /fhwfgL h'of Rj+u' Vjkof ul2O lnkf g/]z dNnof kfnfo vf; KofvFof ljsf; dh'n.
/fodNn RjgfRj+u' Ono 5'+ x]KofvFof ultljlw h'u' jx]g/]z dNnof sfo hutk|sfz dNn Vjkof KofvF
vg]db'. a? /fo dNn lnkf h'h' h'Dx e'jg dNn- If]qo n'd+s]dkmODx AolQmTj vM. yM afHof hu{Hof]lt
;'j0f{ dNn_ of kfno wf;f+ KofvFof b[li6sf]0f t;Ss dNnof knfvo\ fo]u' jno KofvF If]qoft GXog]
dxTjk'0f{ HofM h'u' vg]b'. tf O{ GXof]lg;]+lbgfRj+u' o+s]u'nL No'g] dnft . cn] yMt Yj Hofo\ dGqL rGb|z]v/
Vjkof Gff+hfu' Os'+ KofvF -gjb'uf{ KofvF_ GXofs]u' l;+xof oSj UjfxfnL bt. hutk|sfz dNn+ /rgf ofu''
>]o pDx h'h'oft laoftMu' b'. plnhs dv', af]8]of kfl/hft z/0f, d"nb]j zlzb]jf]kfVofg, k|efjtL
dxfnIdL KofvF g pDx x]h'h'+ GXofsn. cy]x]Vjko x/0f, glno gf6s, dNnoulGwgL KofvF, piffx/0f
gjb'uf{ ejfgLof KofvF dbOu' Ono Tjfno Tjfno b]jL KofvF, dbgrl/t KofvF, dfntL dfwj KofvF yHofu'
KofvF, e}n KofvF yHofu' nf]s+ Xjfu' KofvF Yjx]h'h'of KofFvgo\ g]kfnefiff, d}lyln, ;+:s[t efoof k|of]u
kfnfo lg;]+GXoft. cg lnkf k|f0f dNnof kfnfo g+ 5'+ ofgftu' b'. y'Dx h'h' g+ Vjko u'GxLk'GxL HjM5L WofRr',
x]KofFFv Rjo]u' Sog]u' HofM dh'n. k|f0f dNn lnkfofDx ufOrf, VofnM, k|xzg Sog]u' rng GXofsn. u'u' yf}+
h'h' ljZj dNnof kfnfo d}lyln  efoof ljwf ljnfk ts GXofgf jofRj+u' x]b'. lgKoFbof NofoDx j}zo  x]
KofvF So+u' vg]b' . ljZj dNn lnkf q}nf]So dNnof pDx h'h'of d[To' h'u' sf/0f+ d]d]u' oSj KofvF /rgf ofo]u'
kfnfo /fdrGb| j jL/ gf/fo0f lk+; s[i0f rl/q gf+ of kfv]al~rt h'odfn.
KofvF Rjof Sog]u' oft. KofvFof b[li6sf]0f+  cg+ lnkf hutk|sfz dNn lnkf Vjko\ ;'dlt lhtfldq
ofDx h'h' hu{Hof]lt  dNnof O t;Ss dxTjk'0f{ h'n. dNn h'h' h'u' Ono xfg+ 5sM KofvFof ljsf; Rj
g]=;+= &## lg;] &*& ts lk:jbF bF ts /fHo ofo]u' GXoft. pDx h'h' g+ g]= ;== *)$ kmfu'g z'Sn k~rdL->L
jno pDx h'h' g+ /rgf ofu' x/uf}/L ljjfx, s'~h k~rdL_ s'Gx' o'j/fh e'kltGb| dNnof a';fF vfou' Ono
ljxf/L KofvF y'nL Uo;'nfu' b' sL Yj KofvFof lnw+;fo yfo yf;+ xMu' KofvF Vjk nfos'nLO Sog]u' oft. cg
hu{Hof]lt dNnof t'ngf ;+:s[tof dxfsjL sflnbf;, o]Fof b]jL KofvF, b}To KofvF, s'df/ KofvF, kf:tf/
eje'tL, ef; yHofkL pTs[i6 KofvF RjMdL t gfk+ ofo]u' KofvF, rfFu'of KofvF, 6f]vfof KofvF, rklnof KofvF,
ofO. Yj lgu' KofvF TjMtf hu{Hof]lt  dNn g+ /rgf a'+ufof b}To KofvF, vDk'of s'df/KofvF cflb So+u'
ofMu' d]d]u' KofvFgo bzfjtf/ g[To, uLt lbuDa/, v. y'Dx h'h' g+ g]=;+  = &(^ h]i7 z'Sn bzdL s'Gx'
d'lbts'jnfoZj gf+ GXof]g] jO{ . cn] KofvFoft dbos Gx' k'v'-/fgL k'v'_ :o+ NXjg]u' jno\ yL yL yf;+ xMu'
dufu' ;+lut ;DalGw g+ oSj oSj u|Gy /rgf ofu' b'. KofvF k|bz{g ofu' P]ltxfl;s 36gfjnL GXoygf tMu'
;+uLtef:s/, ;+uLt;f/ ;+u|x, uLt k~rflzsf, b'. g]=;+= *)* sflt{s s[i0f rt'b{zL s'Gx' e'kltGb|
;+uLt ;f/f{0fj, ;+uLtrGb| yHofu' s[lt jx]h'h'of dNnof Olxkfof n;tfo lhtfldq dNn yDx x]Rju'
/rgf vM. y'sLof No'g]Vjkof j+zd0fL emf gf+ ofDx dbfn;fx/0f KofvF k|bz{g ofu' cn]yfo yf;+ xMu'
ljfg ofu' tw+u' Nxf b' . cn] Vjk b/jf/o ;+:s[t, KofvF k|bz{g ofu' v. pu' n;tfo o]F, on, Ujn, ;Sj,
g]kfn efiff, d}lyln
 efoof ljfg tou' sb/h'u' Ono 6f]vf, rf}sf]6, gfnf, rfFu', lydL, yHofu' yf;+ KofvF
yg j+zd0fL emf, zLj gf/fo0f b}j1, zzL;]v/, slj Sog]u' jno\ w]w]+aNnf ofu' Ono o]ofF ledfgGb KofvF
/tg, s[i0f /fo, hulbz, rt'e'{h, uf]ljGb, lji0f'k'/L Gxfk nfu' GXoygf tMu'' b' . y'v]lhtfldq dNn+ /rgf ofu'

56 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

KofvFgo s'df/ kfb'{efj uf]kLrGb|, x/uf}/L ljjfx, s[i0fs}nfzofqf, /fdrl/t, uf]lkrGb|, jfNdLsL
h]ldgLef/t, piffx/0f, a?lylgx/0f, cZjd]3, / fdfo0f, if8bz{g syf, dbg rl/ q ck{0fj
d+undxf]T;j, sfnLod+yf]gKofvfg yHofu' KofvFof efg'dltx/0f hndoL lji0f' sf]nf;'/]jwf]kfVofg,
gf+ GXof]g] jO{ . Yjx] Ono Vjkof yf5]+ Rj+Dx ljfg k[y'kfVofg, jL/Wjhf]kfVofg, uf]/Iff]kfVofg, yHofu'
b}j1 u+ufw/ hf]zL g+ dxfef/t KofvF Rju' vg]b' . y'v] wn+ x]Yj vF l;Os]Ho'. y'lsO{ oSj KofvF g]k fnefiff x]
lhtfldq dNn lnkf Vjko e'kltGb| dNn h'h' h'u' /rgf h'u' b'. 5u' x]KofvF b'g]le+m:jk'+ yL yL KofvF k|:t 't
Ono g+ KofvFof ljsf; GXoHofu' b'. yM af}lhtfldq ofgf zg}Zr/ /f]lx0fL syf KofvF /rgf ofu' b' . g]=;+=
dNnoft tn]h'  d'r'so gh/aGbo tMu' bF g]=;+= *!% *^^ o\ ?SdL0fLx/0f KofvF Sogf h'u' cfDbfgL+ dfx]Zj/L
o\ efiff KofvF Rjof So+u' vM. g]=;+= *@^ o\ tn]h'O b]uno uh' 5fMu' b' . /0fhLt dNnof b/jf/o sfzLgfy,
nF'Kjn lrpu' n;tfo sf]6Lxf]d ofgf ljqmd rl/q gf+ wgktL, sfzL/fd yHofkL+ ljfg KofvF RjdLt b'Yofu'
ofu' KofvF lkbg. g]=;+= *@& o\ uf}/L ljjfx KofvF Sogf h'of Vjkof KofvF Af+fnfs]t oSjf]ck'n. psL g+ lh
h'u' cfDbfgL+ gf;dgf Tjfn]of gf;M BM yfo uf+ :yfkgf sfzLgfy ofu' of]ubfg oft'u' h'n.
s[lt tn. y sfo /0fhLt dNnof a';fF vfou' jno y'v] g]=;+= **( sflt{so Vjkb]o Tofsf k[YjL
>Lv08rl/t KofvF /rgf ofgf k|bz{g oft . cy]x] g]jfM gf/fo0f zfx+ g]kfn Plss/0f ofo] w+s ' f g]kfnefif+ KofvF
tou'+ efb| z'Sn r't'yL{ ryf oft sof :odGtsf]kfVofg Rjo]u' Sog]u' k/Dk/fo b/jf/ ofu' ;+nUgtf Dxf] h h
' +' jg .
Rjof Sog. Yj Tjtf e'kltGb| dNng+ uf}/L ljjfx, zfxsfn j /f0ff sfno 5k' lgk' KofvF /rgf ofo]u' Tjtf
s+;jw, uf]kLrGb|f]kfVofg, ;Da/f;'/f]jwf]kfVofg, a? yy] KofvF Rjo]u' Sog]u' k/Dk/f oftf VjkoflkGt
hfn+w/f]kfVofg, sf]nf;'/f]jwf]kfVofg, kb\dfjtL, lg/+Gt/tf laof Rjg . Yjx] jno h'h' /0f axfb'/ zfx
dgf]/~hg, gnrl/q, /fdfo0f, do'/Wjhf]kfVofg g+ tMs}jlk+ dg'tot :jlgun+ lkltgf 5+ju' dfld{s Aoyf
/Tg]Zj/ kfb'ef{j yHofu' KofvF bo]s"u' b'. psLO oft ts yg slrdrf jf+5j\ o\ o+su'] wof KofvF bo]sf
g+ ljqmdrl/q :odGtf]sf]kfVofg, >Lv08rl/q Sog] kmt . Yj TjtfM hg:t/ x] u'lGx k'lGx lg;]+ oGof k'GxL
yHofu' KofvF g]kfnefiff x]bo]s"u' h'of e'kltGb| dNnof ts kbf{ KofvF bo]s  f Tjfno Tjfno Sog]u ' oft. ;dfho
g]kfnefiff k|lt dltgf b'u' So+. e'kltGb| dNnoft KofvF h'ofRj+u' hflto e]befj, k/Dk/f, s'l/lt lg;]+ /fhg}lts
Rjo]u'nL j+zLw/ hf]zL, u0f]z emf, s[i0fb]j yHofkL ultljlw oft d"n ljifo bo]s  yHofu' oSj oSj kbf{
ljfglk+;+ UjfxfnL oft. psLO u0f]z emf gfkf+ e'kltGb| KofvF GXoft. cn]nfos', 6f}d9L,  trkf, j gf;dgfo
dNnof Sjft'u' :jfk' b'u' vg]b'. 5u' yf;o e'kltGb| ba'nLO le+mlgbFof 5s AofF;Lof vM KofvF Sog]u' g GXofgf
dNn+ u0f]z  emf oft kf;f woftu' kfv]Yj vF l;Os]k'm. t'+ Rjg. y'v]Tjfno Tjfno Solgu' kbf{ KofvFof gf+
y'v] Vjkb]oof bSsn] No'ofDx h'h' /0fhLt sfo]u' jno cf ts g+ a'/fa'/L lk+; ;fx;L dlxnf, +u'
dNnof gf+ dsf;]Vjk+of KofvFof Oltxf; k'jgL knf, >4f~hnL, e/f;] f, xTof/f, ls;fg KofvF oft
dv'. KofFvof Oltxf;o\ / 0fhLt dNnof of]ubfg  n'd+s]u' ofM . u'sL Vjkojf;L tou' r]tgf oft GXof]g] o+s]
bSsn]cKjf]oft'. y'Dx h'h' g+ /rgf ofMu' KofvF kmt. psLoft g]kfn  efiffof yL yL ;flxlTos ba'+ yf}ts 
wnM hs :jo]ano Yj vF kfo5L h' jO{. /0fhLt GXofsf jofRju' b'. y'v]u'GxLk'GxL HjMl5 wf;f k|frLg
dNn+ bo]s"u' KofvF OGb|ljho, piffx/0f, s[i0frl/t z}nL k/Dk/f oft x] sM3fgf hfts k'/f0f, cjbfg of afvF
/fdfo0f, uf]/Iff]kfVofg, lbSkfnu0f]zf]kfVofg, j GosF afvF oft sof KofvF k/Dk/f GXofsf jofRj+u' b'.
yf}+sGx] 57
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

Yjx]jno\ Vjkoflk+;+ bFFob;+ u'GxLk'GxL+ ano\ Vjkof KofvF, dxfw kfjtL{ KofvF, skfo og]u' KofvF, l;n'
KofvF k/Dk/f j Oltxf; sg]u' s'tM ofgf Rj+u' bO{. boFb;+ ag]u' KofvF, slrdrf jf+5j\ o\ o+su] ' KofvF, /fdfo0f
>fj0f z'Sn k"l0f{df lg;]+efb| s[K0ffci6dL ts Rofrf u'\ KofvF, y]+oSj x]KofvF Sog]u' ofO{.
Gx' ts Vjkb]oof TjfM TjfM klts+ yL yL KofvF Sog]u' Vjko yhMu' dxTj+ hfMu' KofvF No+sf to]u'nL
ofO{ . Vjkof k|blIf0ff dfu{ sy+ nfos', rf]5]+, ef]nf5], ygof ls;fg ju{of tw+u' Nxf b'. bl5o+s a'FHof ;g]dfk'+
dxfnIdL:yfg, gfukf]v/L, ;nfFu0f]z, Sjf708f}, u5]+, ls;fg ju{ to;+ KofvF yHofu' /fu, tfn, no, afhf+, Do]
;"o{d9L, trkfTj, Ogfrf], uf]Nd9L, ;'sW' jfsf, Sjf5], of kfo5L ;ld>0f bo]sf yL yL KofvF Nx'o]km'u' 5u' tw+u'
tf}d9L, ulx6L, af]nf5], gf;dgf, j+zuf]kfn, O6f5], vf}df cg';Gwfg ofo]dfu' laifo v. a'OF jf lko]l;w]+oj+ cyf{t
y]+Tjfn Tjfno u'GxLk'GxL HjM5L ;Gof Ono lg;]+afrf l;GxfHofM w+s ' f 5]oF 5]oF Yj yL yL KofvF :og]u' Hof h'O{.
O{ ts KofvF Sogftu' bO{. u'GxLk'GxL s'Gx' Vjk tn]h'ofu' u'nL yf;o bfkmf ehg, wNrf kfv]FYj HofM h'O{. u'nL
3]Gtfl3;L+ KofvF xo]j+ GXofOu' Yj k/Dk/f ;fkf? s'Gx' yf;o TjfMof dg't d'gf KofvF :ogL. cn]OR5f b'kL;F
Vjkb]o hfos+ yy] 3]Gtfl3;L KofvF Nx'O{. cn]ps'Gx' AolQmut ?k+ x]KofvF :ogL. KofvF :ogLkL+ u'? ygof
axgL lg;]+Tjfn Tjfno yL yL d]d]u' KofvF g+ SogL. Vjko t x]v. KofvF ;o]lskL+ g ygofkL+ x]v. u'sL
hLjgo emL;F Gox] dGogfu' cn] :jo] dvgfu' oSj KofvF ljz]if ofgf drfto\t KofvF Dj bo]sL . yy] :ogf tMu'
Yj Ono :jo]bO{. Yj Ono Vjko gjb'uf{ ejfgL db'u' O{ KofvF uyfd'uM rx]w'sf+ r's r'so SogL. cn]KofvF
h'of b]jL KofvF j e}n KofvF hs :jof g+ Vjko to;+ lkblgu' s'Gx' gf;M BM Gxof]g] SogL. cg lnkf u'GxLk'GxL
gjb'uf{ oft n'd+sL. Vjko cfMts g+ v'Yj b]jL KofvF HjM l5 Tjfno Tjfno SogL. psLO g+ e}n  KofvF j b]jL
cn] :jYj e}n KofvF No+ bgL. cy]t+ ' u'GxLk'GxL HjMl5 KofvF oGofk'GxL ts SogL. g]kfn efiff x]d+rg h'Ou' Yj
Tjfno Tjfno ufOFrf KofvF jOu' rng b'. ufFOrfof KofvF ofgf emLu' efo cn]KofvF yHofu' df}lns ;+:s[lt
e]ifo ofRr' Do] Go+s jOu' ;fk x] GXofOk':;] RjF . No+sf to]u'nL pldu' tw+u' of]ubfg  yg GXoyg]axM h'.
;dfho b'g]h'of Rj+u' s'l/lt, a]lylt oft sof ufOFrf Do] bl5 os+ a'FO Hof ofo]dfkL  ls;fg ju{to;+ yy]eflifs
xfn]u' ofO. Gxfkf Gxfkf dNn sfno d]d] u' Ono h'h' j j ;flxlTos If]qoftf GXoHofs]u' HofM h'ofRju+n ' L b'g]
/fHoof la/f]w ofo] bO{dv' , cog= u'GxLk'GxL HjMl5 yy] ;'nfRj+u' /x:o oft sof ;xnx ofo]dfu' vg]b' . y'ls+
la/f]w ofo] bOu' x] ufOFrf KofvF jf Do] vM . Do] xfn]u' Vjkb]o cn] ygofkL dg't yy] KofvF If]qo Gxof]g] nfu'of
cn] KofvF Nx'o]u' jno, b]zd] ?Dxf ufOFrf jnf wof No'g] 5u' Oltxf; x] ;'nfRj+u' GXof]g] jO{u' cfzf ofo] .
t+rfo dt] Gxf wof w'jf sfo]u' ofO{ . cy]t+' o] jfg] z'efo\
dfgL tfkf nF wof -kmfs+bnL_ KofvF, Sogf Rj+u' bO{.
cy]t'+ u'GxL k'GxL HjMl5 Vjkof f KofvF, l;v KofvF, ;Gbe{ ;'rL
!_ g]kfnsf]dWosflng Oltxf; ,;"o{ljqmd 1jfnL
uy' KofvF, g6'jfrf KofvF, xg'dfg KofvF, dfsM KofvF, @_ g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s ?k/]vf, jfnrGb| zdf{
n';L KofvF, ofp/] KofvF, lvrf KofvF, z]/l;+x KofvF, #_ dNnsflng d}lyln gf6s8f= r08]Zj/zfx
h+unL KofvF, Dx]ovf  KofvF, snfnL KofvF, h6fo' $_ gf;M bj' g]=;+= !!@)
%_ d]l8oen g]kfn, l8= cf/= /]UdL
KofvF, VofM KofvF, efn' KofvF, nfv]KofvF, sjfrf+ ^_ g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] Oltxf;, 8f= k'ik/fh rfln;]
KofvF, gfufrf KofvF, xfFo KofvF, ofln+rf KofvF, &_ g]kfnefiff ;flxToof Oltxf; ,k|f= k|]dzflGt t'nfw/
e't+ VofM aOu' KofvF, af]S;L KofvF, lshfk'hf ofo]u' *_ lhtfldq dNnsflng w/kf},8f= r'Gbf ah|frfo{

58 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

sn Ol08of ;fy} stf/, ;fpbL c/]laof,

o'=P=O{= ax/fOg / s'j]tdf
kmf]g ubf{ ca dfq
=!@ k|lt ldg]6
dfq k|lt ldg]6 !$@$ slG6sf]8 kmf]g g+=

yk hfgsf/Lsf nfluM
gf]l6;af]8{ g+= !^!* )&)& !!!!! df
8fon u/L ;'Gg' ;Sg' x'g]5 .
pNn]lvt dx;'n b/df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgod
cg';f/ nfUg] s/ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . g]kfn 6]lnsd

;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM

;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof
sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

lxdfncfo/gP08:6Ln-k|f=_ln=
Hof]lt ejg, !(!( sflGtky, kf]=a=g+= !##, sf7df8f}F
kmf]g M $@@%$%), $@@^#@& -dfs]{l6_, ofS;M $@@^#!$

yf}+sGx] 59
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

KofvFgo\
yMof t n'd+sf nf]s ufos e[u'/fd >]i7

lh KobF GofbF b'Dx drf. v'j d]+xfn]dfMDx. df+gfk lDxtn . b|Aonfn >]i7 /fhs'df/Lof bfh', cd]z rGb| h'of
kfh'lk+ yfo\ jg]ano\ Tjfno\ Kofv+ :ogf Rj+yfo\ :jM lDxtf lbODx vM. h'h' lzsf/lDxt j+u' kfnfsf /fhs'df/L
jg]u'. pu' Ono\ w'Daf/Lof Kofv+ wfnls DjMDjM dg"t gfk dbg hghgL+ dltgf ofo]t :jO. cd]z  rGb| j dbg
pv]y'v+]jgf v"a :jM h'Ou'. lh RofbF lembF b'jno\ lh hghgLof by'O t;s+ Njfk' h'O. /fhs'df/L oft ;k{ Gofsf
g+ pv]+ y'v+] Kofv+ :jM h'of . w'Daf/Lof Kofv+ ao\ao\ :ofo]u' s'tM ofgfRj+u' l;Osf /fhs'df/L, /fhs'df/Lof df+
h'ofRj+u' Ono\ a]vf /+lht g+ Kofv+ Rjof yMDx]:of+ :ogf, j dGqLof sfo\ cfTd xTof ofgf l;O wsf u'FO lj:o+' jlgO.
yMx] g+ DxLtf Kofv+ Sog]u' oft . w'Djf/Lof l;j]+ a]vfrLof h+uno\ d+undfg gsMld z]/  h'of lDxt'Dx vM. u'FO la:o'+
Kofv+ g+ :js'ldt dgf]/ ~hg laOsy+ bYjL bYjL VofnL j+lk+ ;sl;g+ t;s+ b'Mv l;O. u'+O la:o'+ j+lk+ dg"to\;+ b'vM
kxMofMu' g+ b[io t Sogf cfslif{t ofgf dgf]/ ~hg ufSjM :o"u' vgfM :jM jlk+ dg" to\so\ t;s+ ;fxfg'el' t sfo\kmt.
ljOkm'ul' n+ a]vfrLof Kofv+ t;s+ rlr{t h'n. Yj tfso\ Yj Kofv+ t;s+ dfld{s h'of clt rrf{o\ jMu' ln gf/f+lxl6
Tof}8of sfG5f a'4 ah|frfo{ g+ yDx:of+ x]Kofv+ :ogf yDx ts h'h' lqe'jgof yfo\ g+ Sog]lx+ wfMu'ln So+ jg]dfn.
g+ Kofvgo\ lDxt'un ' L+ Kofv+ ufSs+ u'0f:t/h'of :js'ldlk+ lqe'jg clt g'uM laof :jofM ljHoft. Kofvgo\ /fhs'df/L
d]u' sy+ x] cfgGb lap . af]lwljqmd+ Rjof tMu' g]kfnL h'of lDxt'Dx drfof PlS6 t;s+ af+nf wsfM k|efljt
bGTo syf ;km'lt Rj+u' lzlz/j;Gt Kofv+oft g]kfnefiff+  h'of drfoft alS;;\ wsfM b/jf/of afb{ln+ emL+Goftsf
efo\lxOsf sfG5f a'4+ :ogf So+ano\ dg"to\ g'uMx]y'+ y'+ laof laHoft . t/ j w]af /fhs'df/L h'of DxLtfDx e'u/' fd
ld+sy+ ;kmn h'n. sfG5f a'4+ Sog]u' Kofvgo\ cKjM/fhf >]i7of NxfltO dnfM. vo\tnf pAn]GXofyfo\ Kofv+ So+
dxf/fhf dGqLu0ft bof RjlgO. Kofvgo\ sfG5f a'4 ljz]if j+;f+ sfnljn Hof km'Ss Kofv+ :o+Dx]l;of NxfltO nfOu'
ofgf h'h' h'of lDxltO. Kofv+ :jofMu' k|efj wfo]nf,  kfh' h'ofRjg. Yj Kofv+ j+3M, Tof}8, Ifqkf6L cflb oSjMyf;+
lkGyfo\ jg]ano\ :ogf Rj+u' Kofv+of k|efj+ wfo]nf  lh dfu jn. lGx :j+u' zf]Sogf g+ dfu sy+ GXofs]dkm't. Yj+
yDx]:of+ dlt jM jM y];+jfb ofgf gfos gflosfof xfp efp rlr{t Kofv+ RjDx ;fg' bfO{, Kofvgo\ d]xfDx sfG5f a'4,
ofgf 5]Fo\ ;gf Rjg]u' . @))@ ;fno\ ca' cfzf/fd >]i7of afB jfbs u'? bfO. pu' avto\ GXofMu' Kofv+ g+ xg'dfg
kf;f k'0f{nfn+ sf e[u/' fdrLt  g+ Kofvgo\ to]o+snsf wf]vfo\ xflh/ ofjg] dfM . xflh/ laO jg] jno\ Kofv+of
wsfM sfG5f a'4of Kofvgo\ o+sn. y'jno\ lh !$ bF lt gf+, snfsf/ to\u' gf+, So+ jg]u' yfFo\ gfk kmf/fdo\ e/]ofgf
bt h'Osf. sfG5f a'4+ :o+u' Kofv+of gf+ wfM;f Njdg. pu' laOdfM. kmf/d Hjgf Kofv+ So+ jg]u' h'n. :yfgLo Kofv+
Kofvgo\ g+ h'h' b' . j Kofvgo\ /fhs'df/L h'of lDxtfMu' vM. So+ jg]ano\uofu' ;d:oft jO wsfM ;fWo db'. gd"gf
/fhs'df/L sy+ lh t;s+ af+nf xF. Kofv+ sfG5f a'4+ :o+u' lglt+ 5u" lgu" 36gf Gyg GXoM yg] .
vM. Kofvgo\ :jDx h'hl' k+ dWo]5Dx h'h' sfG5f a'4+ yM x] Ifqkf6L Kofv+ So+ jgf ano\cgofDx 5Dx /fd

60 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

eQm >]i7 Vofn+ Vofn+ Kofvgo\ ld;f h'of lDxt'Dx Hof]lt  Bgf Rj+Dx ;fx' GXon+ x]drfM ujfot ;g+ g+ Bgf RjDx
t'nfw/oft 5 ld;f h'of nf lDxtn a'n+' a'n+' 5 wfy]+ld;f dg" bgf Hj+ dju'ln+ v'+ h'of RjDx 3f/3'/;g g+ GXon+
x] h'O ltlg :j/] . yy] Kofvg+ ld;f h'of DxLt'lk+ u'ln ldh+t rfo]sf Hj+ djn. km'Fuf tno\Nxf b'5\jof ;g g+ Gx]n+  drf
ld;f h"u' b' wsfM Vofgf lan. Hof]lt  t'nfw/nf Uoft. j ;fx' nf wfTy]+5sM d:t gs;f+ Bgf 5\jt. lhldt a]x f];
dgf]lj1fgof c;/+ lGx lgSjM :jSjM ld;fof ;+s]t jnls h'nnf l5 5' wofy]z+sf h'n. lhlk+ Uofgf j;M t km'Ss
5' wsf lk;fj lkxf+ jOu' yf;o\ jfnf jfnf ofgf :jOu' 3f/f3'? ofgf 6+so\ :jygf la:o+' jof. sGxo\ sG' x' xfs g+
h'ofRjg cy]x]5flt g+ yfxf jn nf ls 5' wsfM Nxflt+ Ifdf jgf Sogf.
ltt' ltof :jOu' h'of Rjgf vlg. 5ftL erf erf yxf+jn d]u' 5u' 36gf. lh Hofk' of sfo\ h'of DxLtfDx
y]+Rj+ wsfM Uofgf lh ld;f h'of lDxt]dv't wsfM UofMu'ln+ b'uf{nfn hldgbf/h'of DxLt'Dx. b Hjgf lvkt+ rLgf sf]b f{
jb/oft. Kofvgo\ Rj+lk+ km's:of+ 5Gt VofMofMu' sf. wsfM lvkt+ b'uf{nfn ofg]hdLGbf/+bfOu' ;Lg 5u" b' . nudo\
k|s[lt ;[hgf ofMu' g+ cy]+lxlnnf< emLu' Kofv+ :o+s]t Yj Kofv+ Sogfjno\ GXofAn]y]+lhtM lvkt+ lrgf bfn.
:jMu' wsfM ;Demo\ ofM;]ln+ ;d:of kmfnf jg . cy]x] d]Dx y'jno\ lh+ x]wfTy]u+' sf]bf{ Hjgf jg]nft. Gxfkf y]+Vofn+
c:oDx]:of+ :j kf;f 5+ 8fOnu NxfO ano\ ug+ ug+ ofno\ yLhs yLof bfOyfo\ wfTy]cfof wfo]s wfo]s hf]zo\ jof
af+ af+nflk ld;f t b' cg cg :jofM 8fOnu Nxfo]u ' oft wfTy]bfn. sfrf sfrf+ d]lkG;+ l5gf ltlg ba'nL o+sn.
vlgsf Tjfno\ Rjlk+ dg"t t+ lksof l5lk+ Kofv+ Sog]t jOu' ba'ln Sjxf+ jof b'g]t+ lksof b'uf{nfnoft Sogf 5' w}u'
nf ls lhldu' Tjfno\ Rjlk+ Nof;]Nof;]lk+ DXofo\ d:t kxsf hFo\ Tof Tof h'Os wfTy]g+ bfo]u' wofu' b'nf wsfM
:jo]t So+ joflk+ wsfM Njfo]u ' oft. Oldt aNn tNn+ lrQ hgkmf Sogf. b'uf{nfn+ hL drfo]s+ co]Rjs+ bfof wsfM
j'em]ofgf Kofv+ Sogf. wfn. b'uf{nfn Kofvgo\ lDxltano\ t;s+ efj's h'Oof].
;fOb u|fDo hLjg Kofv+ Sogf jno\ h'Odf y]+5u" b[io yy]u'ln 36gf b'. 5SjM @)!%;fn pb\3f6g Kofvgo\
/Tg sdn j}B lkxf+jg] dfMu' . lkxf+ jg] Too]sf /Tg sdn lh gfos h'of lDxtf, gf/fo0fb]jL >]i7 gsL h'of lDxt"Dx,
j}Bnf tM tM Ujo]s ldvf sgfM Dx't' km:jo]sf yg erf k|ldnf ah|frfo{, ljBf ah|frfo{, k'ik/Tg dfgGw/lk+ Kofv+
cMvM h'n. lh ;xofo\ kmOdv't wsfM t+ lksof hfu] Sogf Rjgfyfo\ df+af+lk+ jof lhld DXofo\oft Kofvgo\
hfu]h'n. bj'ln a}B lkxf+ jo\s] xf/lag tanf yfgf ;+s]t So+sf laOdv't. laof5\jo\ dflglk+ DXofo\d:t kmnfgf
ljof xo] w'+sn . b'g] j}Bof chfMu' cj:yf lhldt 5'ofo] Dxl;of snf h'O w'+s"Dx wsfM Aofxf ofo]dv't wsfM
5'ofo]h'n. cg Rj+Dx 5Dx:of+ sfrf sfrf+ w'+ w'kfoF\ 5Dx' lhld DXofo\ laof 5\jo\ kmOdv' wsfM 5'l, uofMu' cfkt,
xof Yj Rofsf dfkmL jgf lb;+ wsf lan. w'+ w'+kfo\ Rofsf cfM 5SjM GXofy]ofgf ;f+ lDxtsflb;+ sGx]lg;]+Sog]dv't
lhld;+ 5'+' d:o' k|e,' Ifdf ofgf ljHofx'F wsfM w'+ w'kfFo\ Rofsf wsfM vF Go+sf aNn tNn Sogf sGx]lg;]+agb x]ofgf.
rfrflxsf dfkmL jgf g[ToZj/ dxfb]j dl;s g Ifdf cy]x]chftzq' Kofv+ Sogf ano\ cy]+dv"u'
ofgf ljHofx'F wsfM dfkmL jgf. erf hfo]sf Sjngf jn. ;'/Iffof >L % of ;/sf/;]G;/af]8{ jof /fhfnfO{ cfkt
cn]a}B ba'nL jgf ;+jfb GXofsn. Ifqkf6L Kofv+ So+ kfg]{b[io /8fOnu gb]v  fOsg sf6\g;' gq b]v  fpg kfOGb}g
jgf, Kofvgo\ 5]Fy'jfM Bgf Rjlgjno\ v'+ v'of Rjlgu' On+o\ wsfM k+ jn. laro\ uy]8fOnu sf6] ofo]u' < x'G5 x'G5
lGxn]dfosf HjgLu' g b[io b'. ba'lnO vftf km'+uf, kmf+uf Tof]b[io g}sfl6 lbpFnf wsfM pldt Xoo]s  f Kofv+ Sogf
tof 7Ls ofo]w'+sf ;fx' h"Dx dg" jof vftfo\ Ujt'no GXoM jno\ 5'+ g+ sf6]dof;]sogfMu' 5u" 36gf h'n. lhld;+
jo\ls y]+ofO. v'+ jof v'Ot b/fht vf6vf6\ ;gf RjgL Kofv+ bo]sf Sog]dfMu' 36gf yfo\db'O 5k'rM NofDxt Kov+
yf}+sGx] 61
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

:ogfRj+u' yf;o\ b'uf{nfnof :jo]u ' v"j /x/h'n. :jjgf bfOu' l;g -b[io_g+ b' . Yj Kofv+ nudo\ Sogfano\ b sf]bf{+
Gxfkf+nf b'g]tof l/x;{n ofgfRj+u' Sogf xn. xfsg+ sGxo\ Vofn+ Vofn+ bfo\dfMyfo\ hf]z lkxf+ jo\sf wfy]+bfn af.
s'Gx' g+ :jo]wsfM j+ano\ vfkf ltgf tn. vfkf lwgf :ofgf cfofafaf wsfM tt;n+ xfn]dfo]s x]bfo]sf. Yj
g drfo]s]ul' n+ vfkf Xjt+ :jof Rjg. xf]; xf; dbo]s  b[Zo l;wo]sf ;df Sjyfo\ t+ lksof ykfo\;s+ g+ bfo]u'
jfSs Xjt+ sly+ ;'of xn. b'uf{nfnof ldvfo\ t;s+ nft wOu' b'nf wsfM n+ TjofSogfnf wfTy]+sf]bf{of TofTof
vlg joft t;s+ t+ lkxf+jn. l;Obo]s bfMu' h'ofRjg. j vgfano\ lxOof RjgfRjg]
hf]zo\ ;/f;/hLyfo\ jn sf e[u'/fd lhtM yy] dlhs :ofMrfn. Yj :j :j+ 5+t co\Rj+s bfofu' wfTy]+
oft. Olk+l;j]emL 5' sd. emL; g+ Kofv+ Sog]u'. t/ rfo\drf wsfM wfn. b'uf{nfn ofs]PS;g jOano\ j
b'uf{ t+of hf]z+hs dHo". Kofv+ RjODx ;', :olgDx ;'. t;s+ Odf];gn h'O o.
:og]tnf GXofyf;f+ yfFo\ ldn]o fo]sf. b'uf{nfn hf]z+ 5' Yj Kofv+ g+ t;s+ x];kmn h"u'ln+ lhldt emg
Kofv lh+ x]Rjo], lh+ x]:og]sf 5'< Oldu' l;j]+Eofx]sd xf};nf bofjn. Yj xf};nf+ lnkf @))( ;fn kfv]
h'Odv'sf. emL Tjfoflk+ kf;flk+ hs ;'/]h'n. sf;fsf kZrftfk Kofv+ Sogf. Yj Kofv+ v;efiff+ k|]d axfb'/
wsfM lh g+ ;'/]h'of Tjfof kf;flk+gfk vF h'n. km'Ssl;g+ s+;fsf/+RjoftMu' oft b'uf{nfn+ x]g]kfnefiff+ lxOsf,
Ujxfln+ lx/f]ofnL drf Kofv+ bo]sf. b'uf{nfn >]i7+ x] j+ x]:ogf Sogf. Yj g+ Gxfkf y]+dfu sy+ Go+sf Go+s]
Rjn, :og. y'lsO Kofv+ Djt h'of lDxt'lk+ b'uf{nfn, lh dkmo]s ;kmn h'n. u'ln dg"t t+rfof Njfo]y]xfjOu'.
yMx]kGgfsfhL, cfgGb, dbg sf]O/fnf ;+jfb ofo]DjfDx Yj Kofv+go\ g+ Do]RjDx b'uf{nfn, no\ k|bLk s'df/
kfq, d]d]lk+ g+ b'. Yj Kofv+ @))$ kfv]ofMu' vM. zdf{, tjnf x'Q/fh, xfdf]{lgod u0f]z k|;fb. yg+ lnkf
TjfMoflk+;+ t+;s+ xf}; nf lan. Kofv+ t;s+ af+nfgf a]o\ km'Ssl;of+ lGxgo\ yMyMu' Hof+ofgf rfGxo\ GXoMkf ofgf
a]o\ h'n. Sog]t oSj yf;+ cg'/f]w jn. cfkfyf;o\ jgf Sog]h'Ou' On+ dlan. g]kfno\ yy]TjfTjfno\ ba"
Sog+ jgf. Yj ;kmn h"u' vgfM lhldt Kofv+ bo]s]u' pT;fx ygf Kofv+ Sog]u' rng wOu' g]j fM to\u' ;+:s[lt wOy]
bgfjn. Yj pT;fxoft Tjfoflk+;+ t;s+ UjxfnL ofgf h'ofjofRj+u' k/Dk/foft do]s do]s O j Hofof x'lg+
xf};nf Jo"sy+ @))%@))^ ;fn kfv]b'uf{nfn+ Rjof, Tjtf 5\jo]dfn. t/;8so\ sog]u' kn]; f lyo6/?ko\
:ogf k|]d wfMu' KOfv+ Sog]u ' ofgf. j g+ t;s+ ;kmn h'n. Sog]u' ofgf jofRjgfu' vM. 5tf vF emLu' Kofv+ VoMoft
Yj Kofvgo\ hutdfg wODx kfq b'. jof df+ g+ :jjMu' ljsf;ofgf o+s]dfM. Yj x]cfh' sof lhld;+ Kofvgo\
h'ofRjg. sfo\Dx] l;of+ af+nfs lDxt'u'ln+ v'l;h'of Nxf tofMu' vM. y'lsO b'uf{nfnof tMw+u' b]g b' . b'uf{nfn
lhldt gfknf jof z'efo\ g+ laof ysn. Kofv+ :og]u', oSjM x]Kofv+t Rjof lgb]{zg ofgfM So+u' b'. jof r]nfof
Sog]u' pT;fx h'h'jg. @))( ;fn kfv]u|fDo hLjg ?ko\ >Ls[i0f c0f' y]+hfDx snfsf/j Rjld g+ lkbg.
wOu' Kofv+ b'uf{nfn+ x]Rjn, cn]:og+ :og. Yj Kofv+ ljr/f dToj+ x]k/nf]s h'n. snfsf/of dy'/f >]i7 g+
g+ pano\ t;s+ x]rrf{ h'n. lGx :jyfo\ Koyfo\ sogf g+ 5Dx :onfDx snfsf/h'of lkbg. uf]ljGb lrs+d' lkbg.
dfu sy+ Gos]dkm't. Yj Kofvgo\ hldGbf/h'Dx b'uf{nfn Yj cjZo g]kfnefiff Kofv+of ljsf; nIf0f vt. t/
yMx], Hofk'of sfo\h'of lDxtfDx lh. lh gfos lDxtfDx, b'Mvof vF yf}+;flxTo Vono\ afv+, pkGof;, sljtf y]+x]
kmf]6f]u|fkm/efOrf hldGbf/of DXofo\ h'of lDxt'Dx. jgfk ljsf; h'OdfMu' vMof g+ bsno\ Dx h'of g+ yf}+l5slk+;+
lhu' dltgf h'n. ld;f+ u|fDo hLjg wOu' afv+ af}Dx yf}+sGxo\ no\kltO Kofv+ ljz]iffofgf lkygf lbn,
hldGbf/Rofsflan. lhtM Hjgfo+sf lvkt+ lrgfM sf]bf{ z'efo\ .

62 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 yf}+sGx] no\kf}oft yMk's]u' lglt+ hLjgufl5 hM h'of Ujxfln ofgf lbOlk+
xg]axlk+ ;dfh;]jL efh' do\h' lklgu' gf+ wnM yg GxoygfMu' h'n .
;+/Ifs

efh' b|Aodfg t'nfw/ efh' OZj/ >]i7 efh' fl/sf >]i7 efh' pbo tfd|sf/
cfhLjg ;b:o

efh' 8f= ah|/fh zfSo efh' lty{/fh jGt efh' /ljGb| k|wfg
ljz]if

rfs'kf6, on av'+8f]n, on 8Nn', o]F

efh' n'ldg s'df/ >]i7 do\h' gf/fo0fb]jL >]i7 do\h' /]jlt /fhe08f/L do\h' ;fg' s]z/L t'nfw/
ljh'nL ahf/, o]F ef]tflxlt tfxfrn, o]F hdM, o]F

efh' s[i0fnfn k|wfg efh' afa'sfhL ;'jfn do\h' dgf]/df t'nfw/ do\h' dfw'/L lrqsf/
yfkfynL Vjk sdnfbL o6\vf
cfhLjg ;b:o

do\h' ;'wf lrqsf/ do\h' s?0ff t'nfw/ do\h' k|1f t'nfw/ do\h' kb\dLlg t'nfw/
o6\vf lvrfk'v' c;+, hw'+5]F sdnfl5

efh'' dw' lrqsf/ efh' c~hg axfb'/ >]i7 do\h' uf}/L >]i7 efh' dfwj gf/fo0f >]i7
Vjk hdM rfufM Gxfo\s+tnf
yf}+sGx] 63
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

hLjgof tMw+u' ;DklQ x] :jf:Yo vM

Yj ;DklQ /Iffof lg+lt+ lhldt n'd+sf lb;F .
;]jf x] lhldu' k/d wd{ vM
lhldt df}sf laoflb;F .

Kantipur Diagnostic Center

(Poly Clinic)
Sankhamool, Naya Baneshwor
P.O. Box : 2477 KTM
Phone : 4784994, 4782386, 4780992
Fax: 01-4784995
Email kdcrdj@ntc.net.np

64 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM

;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM ;sl;of++ le+ h'OdfM

;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM ;sl;of++ ho h'OdfM
;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof ;sl;of+ le+p;fFo\ j ;'v zflGtof
sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\ sfdgf of;]+ g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

/fh]Gb| zfSo
uxgf uf8]{g
-hLjg bfO{of k;M_
Kalimati, Kathmandu, Nepal e]8fl;+, OGb|rf]s
Tel:4275511, 9741112777, 9851063000

oxfF ef]h tyf kf6L{xsf] nflu rflxg] :kz

] n bxL, klg/, nfvfd/L, nfndf]xg, lx/f n'F jxMof lt;f Hjn+of
akmL{, /;a/L tyf c? ljleGg kl/sf/sf ld7fO{sf nflu ;Dks{ /fVg'xf];\ .
cfp68f]/ e]h Sof6l/ klg ul/G5 . lg+lt+ ;bf+ n'd+s]

j}Rjg Gx"bF emLu' n'vfo\

yf}+ vF a;\ y'ln hs wfo\t
bgf jf GXon+ ;sn]+ Gx"u' ;'B{M :jo\t
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

j}Rjg Gx"bF emLu' n'vfo\

yf}+ vF a;\ y'ln hs wfo\t
bgf jf GXon+ ;sn]+ Gx"u' ;'B{M :jo\t
g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#* n;tfo\

Modern Newa English School

Durbar Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal.
GIFT HOUSE Tel. : 4249350
Shop No : 38, Bishal Bazar
Tel: 4228116, 4224955 df+efo\of ;+/If0f lzIffo\ :t/Lotf, Yj x] lhldu' :s"nof ljz]iftf

yf}+sGx] 65
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Kofv+ NofM

!= g] kfnefiffof ;flxlTos Oltxf;o\ bsno\ hlNd y'u'l;of k]hy|  L nfOkm6fOd Plred]06  cjf8{+
Gxfkfv';L j+u' efb| #! ut] ;~r/jfM onof b/af/of ;Ddflgt h'ofbLu' b'. pu' cjf8{kfv]+;Ddflgt
s] zjgf/ fo0f r'so\ tMlhs g] kfnefiff ;flxTo h'ofbLDx hlNdoft O{nf]x+ klAns]zgof ;+:yfks
gvM h"u' b'. g]kfnefiffof ;flxTooft sofM yLyL wd{jL/ zfSo+ xgfkf} j o]F dxfgu/kflnsfof k|d'v
HofjMt h"u' g]kfnefiff ;flxTo gvMof pn]Hof ljBf;'Gb/zfSo+ cjf8{ nMNxfgfbLu' vM.
d"kfxf+sy+ jfdo ztflAb k'?if 8f= ;Todf]xg hf]zL+ $= g] kfnefiffof dxfslj l;l4bf; dxfh'of
ofgfbLu' vM. Hofjno\ d"kfxf+ 8f= hf]zL j g]k fn !%) SjMu' a'lb+of n;tfo\ lkb+u' l;l4bf;
;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|lti7fgof s'nklt ;?eQm >]i7+ sf] zof ;Dkfbs k|f=8f= t'o"axfb'/dxh{goft
d+sfMsy+ g]jfM GXon'jf ;flxTosf/dNn s]=;'Gb/of s'tM lksfsMkfv]+ 5u" HofjM of;]+ j+u' z'qmjfM
pkGof; b kf]:6/ j pBf]ukltln;]+ ;dfh;]jL slj Rj;fkf;fo\ tMlhs x+u' b'. g] kfnefiff kl/
ifb\
a;Gt rf}w/Lof v; efo\of sljtfoft slj ;'/]z of gfoM af}4  ljfg\ k|f=;'j0f{ zfSoof d"kfxf+sy+
ls/0f+ cg'jfb ofgfbLu' a;Gt lrgfvF d'gf ;km"of emfofbLu' pu' Hofjno\ ;Dkfbs 8f=dxh{g+ pu'
g+ ljdf]rg ofgfbLu' vM. sf]zo\ l;l4bf;of $!u" :jof+ cKjM lkb+u' s[lt
@= efifflgefM k|] d axfb'/s;fMof n'dlGtO b'g]of vFUjMto\u' cy{ a0ff{g'qmdo\ GXoAjofu'
gL:jgftMu' k|]d df]xg l;/kfM P]ltxfl;s afvFof hfgsf/L laoflbn.
lnw+;fo\ RjoftMu' k'wfM KofvF o'j/fh s'0ffnof %= g]k fn ;+jt\ Gx"bF /fli6o ;df/f]x ;ldlt !!#*
Rjld db'Dx k/dfgGb ah|frfo{ hxfg s[i0f b]jL tMlhs Gofos]u' lglt yf}+ Gx"bF !!#* of gfoM
ah|frfo{oft nMNxfMu' b'. HofjMof d"kfxf+ hgslj lrQ/~hg g]k fnLof ;efkltTjo\ 5Mu'd'FHof Rj+u' b'.
b'uf{nfn >]i7+ xgfkf}ln;]+ Goo\ tsf nMNxfgfbLu' pu' d'FHof+ Yjx]jOu' s5nfYj kf? -sflt{s # ut]_
vM;f Rjld ah|frfo{ p;fFo\ db'u'ln+ jo\sMof sfo\ tMlhs Gofo]s  ]u' lglt+ yLyL pk;ldlt gL:j+u' b'.
kljq ah|frfo{+ pu' l;/kfM nMNxfgf sofbLu' vM. y'u'l;of gf/f g]kfMof Dx;Lsf g]kfMof uf}/j, /fHo+ x]
#= Do] Rjld, xfnfld ;'/haL/ ah|frfo{of ltl/do\h' 5\on]d fM g]k fn ;+jt kfl/t ofMu' b'.
/df ah|frfo{oft a'lGxof n;tfo\ b]5fgfbLu' a'lGx ^= Goo\ v'SjMu' lj/f6 g]kfnefiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng
Do] Do]of lktAjHof ah|frfo{of ca' lrqaL/ y'u';L oft' u0f]BM  sdn ljgfoso\ h'n. hftLo
ah|frfo{, no\lrgfld abg zdf{, g] jfM kqsf/ :jtGqfoft SjTonfM /fi6of pTyfg h'OkmOdv' wOu'
/fli6o ba"of gfoM >Ls[i0f dxh{g+ d+sfMsy+ gf/fln;]+ h"u' y'u'l;of ;Dd]ngo\ d"kfxf+ jfdo
ofgfbLu' vM. efh' ah|frfo{+ x]y'u' Do]RjofbLu' ztfAbL k'?if 8f= ;Todf]xg hf]zL+ gf+hfMDx ;flxTosf/
vM;f y'lsof ;+of]hg h'un 8+uf]n+ ofgfbLu' vM. j ;dfnf]rs k|f=gd{b]Zj/ k|wfgoft lj/f6 ;flxTo
$= k]hy|  L g]kfnefiff
 lkkN; RjfO; cjf8{of ;Dd]ng ;Ddfg nMNxfgflbn . jo\sMoft g]jfM
:jSjMu' ;+:s/0fo\ g]=;+= !!## lg;]+ !!#&tsof k/Dk/fsy+ Vo]Fo\ ;u+ laofM a]tfln+ rLsfM tMlhs x+u'
;fj{hlgs h"u' Do], Do]rfM, Do"lhs lel8of j ;+lskf vM;f g]kfnefiff kbs P;=O{=O{= kl/Iffo\ g]kfnefiff
by'O h"u' pTs[i6oft l;/kfM j g]kfnefiff
 ;+uLt sofM cKjM NofM xofM kf; h'ofbLDx zfflGt lgs'~h
nfufo\ of]u bfg laof jofRjgfbLDx ;+uLtsMld lji0f' df=lj=of ;lrg sf/+lhtoft nMNxfu' vM.

66 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
 Kofv+ NofM
d'Dx M ?lSd0fL

g]jfn d"n vUjn d'gf

d"n zAb pRrf/0f vo\ efo\ c+u|]hL
Rofls+ Rofls+ l5/la/] spotted

Rofls+Rofls+ Rofls+ Rofls+ lgkmGg] sfd winnow

Rofo] Rofo] lgkmGg' to winnowing

Rofo] Rofo] aNg' to flame/to burn/blaze

Roftn RoftM bfu6f6f] a spot/scar

Rofldvns RofdvnM Rofd] -hft_ sweeper/a cast in newar

RofDklt RofDklt nK;Lsf] laofF a seed of hog plum

Rof+u|f Rof+u|f Rof+u|f Tibetan goat/himalayan goat

RofSs RofSs /fF+lsg' to flame/blaze

RofKk RofKk RofKk 6fFl;g', ;dfpg' firmly/ tightly

RoflGx RoflGx ci6dL ltly eight day of lunar calendar month

Rofl;lnd Rofl;ln+ ci6sf]0f octagon

Rofl;lndb]un Rofl;ln+ b]uM Rofl;+ b]jn an octagon temple in Kathmandu

Roftnyfs nf]r RofMyfM nf]o\ Zj]t s'i7 leucoderma white lipring

rf]
rf]s-!_ rf], Rj d'q urine

rf]s -@_ Rjs, rf]s Aofh interest

rf]s -#_ RjM hf]8 tf]85l/6f] l56f] force, quick

rf]sf Rjsf, rf]sf 6'Kkf top/peck

rf]sfalh rf]sfalh Ro"/fsf] sl0fsf broken pieces of flatten rice

rf]ls Rjls, rf]ls sl0fsf broken rice

rf]sf] rf]sf], RjSj d'q uGw smell of urine

rf]sf gfof] rf]sf gfof] pka'h|'s6k/6'O{ofF braggart/a rising leader

rf]vf rf]vf rf]vf] pure

rf]+uf rf]+uf kr'sf syringe

yf}+sGx] 67
no\kf}
Kofv+ NofM

yMu' Ifdtf Dxl;s] cn] y'lsof

5\onf b]o\ bo\s]u' lglt+ ofo\.

cfkm\gf] Ifdtfsf] klxrfg u/f}+ / b]z

lgdf{0fsf]nflu o;sf] pkof]u u/f}+ .

g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu

68 yf} +sGx]
no\kf}
d=If]=x'=lg= btf{ g+= M ()^&)^*