Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Vertebrate

    Uploaded by

    Edron Bullo Jr
    28 views3 pages
    Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. They include mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The key parts of the vertebrate skeleton are the braincase, vertebrae, bones, and sometimes gill arches. Vertebrates are classified into subgroups such as jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. There are many thousands of vertebrate species that dominate land and aquatic environments.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. They include mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The key parts of the vertebrate skeleton are the braincase, vertebrae, bones, and sometimes gill arches. Vertebrates are classified into subgroups such as jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. There are many thousands of vertebrate species that dominate land and aquatic environments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views3 pages

    Vertebrate

    Uploaded by

    Edron Bullo Jr
    Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. They include mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The key parts of the vertebrate skeleton are the braincase, vertebrae, bones, and sometimes gill arches. Vertebrates are classified into subgroups such as jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. There are many thousands of vertebrate species that dominate land and aquatic environments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Vertebrate

    A vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded by


    cartilage or bone. The word comes from vertebrae, the bones that Vertebrata
    make up the spine. Animals that are not vertebrates are called Temporal range:
    invertebrates. Vertebrates include birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, Cambrian–Present 520 mya–
    and mammals. The parts of the vertebrate skeleton are: [1]
    present

    1. Braincase: A braincase or cranium protects the brain.


    2. Vertebrae: A series of short, stiff vertebrae are separated
    by joints. This internal backbone protects the spinal cord.
    The joints between the vertebrae let the backbone bend.
    3. Bones: support and protect the body's soft tissues and
    provides points for muscle attachment.
    4. Gill arches: Gill arches in the pharynx of fish and some
    amphibians support the gills. In the majority of
    vertebrates some of the arches have evolved into other
    organs, such as jaws.

    Examples of vertebrates are mammals, birds, and fish. A few tens of


    thousands of species have been identified. The term "fish" is used to
    describe at least four different kinds of vertebrates.
    Examples from each major vertebrate
    group: clockwise, starting from top
    Contents left:

    Distinctions
    Fire salamander (Amphibia),
    Taxonomy and classification saltwater crocodile (Reptilia),
    Related pages southern cassowary (Aves),
    shrew (Mammalia), ocean sunfish
    References (Osteichthyes)
    Other websites
    Scientific classification
    Kingdom: Animalia
    Distinctions
    Phylum: Chordata
    Vertebrates dominate amongst the animals in virtually all
    Clade: Olfactores
    environments. They include the largest animals in each main
    ecosystem, though not the largest living things (because that would Subphylum: Vertebrata
    include trees). They are the only animals which have an adaptive J-B. Lamarck, 1801 [2]
    immune system.[3] These two facts may be connected.

    Taxonomy and classification


    Subphylum Vertebrata
    Agnatha (jawless vertebrates)
    Myxini
    Hyperoartia (lampreys)
    †Conodonta
    †Pteraspidomorphi
    †Thelodonti
    †Anaspida
    †Galeaspida
    †Pituriaspida
    †Osteostraci
    Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates)
    †Placodermi (Paleozoic armoured forms)
    Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)
    †Acanthodii (Paleozoic "spiny sharks")
    Osteichthyes (bony fish)
    Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
    An alligator
    Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)
    Coelacanthimorpha (coelacanths)
    Dipnoi (lungfish)
    Tetrapoda (four-limbed vertebrates)
    Amphibia (amphibians)
    Amniota (amniotic eggs)
    Sauropsida (reptiles and birds)
    Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes and tuatara)
    Testudines (turtles)
    Archosauria (archosaurs)
    Crocodilia (crocodilians)
    †Pterosauria (pterosaurs)
    Dinosauria (dinosaurs)
    Aves (birds)
    Synapsida (mammal-like tetrapods)
    Mammalia

    Related pages
    Invertebrate
    Vertebrate brain

    References
    1. Peterson, Kevin J.; et al. (2008). "The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence
    between the genetic and the geological fossil records" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl
    es/PMC2614224). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363
    (1496): 1435–1443. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2233 (https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2007.2233).
    PMC 2614224 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614224). PMID 18192191 (http
    s://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18192191).
    2. Nielsen C. (2012). "The authorship of higher chordate taxa". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (4): 435–
    436. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1463-6409.2012.005
    36.x).
    3. Janeway C.A. 2001. Evolution of the immune system. In Immunobiology ed Janeway et al. 5th
    ed, 597–607. New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-4101-7

    Other websites
    Tree of Life (http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata/14829)
    Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates (http://www.n
    ature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7079/abs/nature04336.html)

    Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vertebrate&oldid=7230754"

    This page was last changed on 28 December 2020, at 21:04.

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License and the GFDL; additional terms may
    apply. See Terms of Use for details.

    You might also like