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Vertebrate
Vertebrate
Distinctions
Fire salamander (Amphibia),
Taxonomy and classification saltwater crocodile (Reptilia),
Related pages southern cassowary (Aves),
shrew (Mammalia), ocean sunfish
References (Osteichthyes)
Other websites
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Distinctions
Phylum: Chordata
Vertebrates dominate amongst the animals in virtually all
Clade: Olfactores
environments. They include the largest animals in each main
ecosystem, though not the largest living things (because that would Subphylum: Vertebrata
include trees). They are the only animals which have an adaptive J-B. Lamarck, 1801 [2]
immune system.[3] These two facts may be connected.
Related pages
Invertebrate
Vertebrate brain
References
1. Peterson, Kevin J.; et al. (2008). "The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence
between the genetic and the geological fossil records" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl
es/PMC2614224). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363
(1496): 1435–1443. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2233 (https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2007.2233).
PMC 2614224 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614224). PMID 18192191 (http
s://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18192191).
2. Nielsen C. (2012). "The authorship of higher chordate taxa". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (4): 435–
436. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1463-6409.2012.005
36.x).
3. Janeway C.A. 2001. Evolution of the immune system. In Immunobiology ed Janeway et al. 5th
ed, 597–607. New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-4101-7
Other websites
Tree of Life (http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata/14829)
Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates (http://www.n
ature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7079/abs/nature04336.html)
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