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    Simple Past Present Perfect 1.: Hasn't

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    Ha Tran
    The document provides rules for summarizing reported speech in English. It discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech for commands, requests, and advice. For commands, the verb "said" changes to "told" or "asked" and the verb changes from its original form to the infinitive. For requests and advice, the structure is similar but includes modals like "could", "would", or "should". Pronouns like "I", "me", and "my" change to refer to the speaker rather than the original speaker in the reported clause.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Simple Past Present Perfect 1.: Hasn't

    Uploaded by

    Ha Tran
    23 views4 pages
    The document provides rules for summarizing reported speech in English. It discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech for commands, requests, and advice. For commands, the verb "said" changes to "told" or "asked" and the verb changes from its original form to the infinitive. For requests and advice, the structure is similar but includes modals like "could", "would", or "should". Pronouns like "I", "me", and "my" change to refer to the speaker rather than the original speaker in the reported clause.

    Original Title

    gammar hocky I

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    The document provides rules for summarizing reported speech in English. It discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech for commands, requests, and advice. For commands, the verb "said" changes to "told" or "asked" and the verb changes from its original form to the infinitive. For requests and advice, the structure is similar but includes modals like "could", "would", or "should". Pronouns like "I", "me", and "my" change to refer to the speaker rather than the original speaker in the reported clause.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    23 views4 pages

    Simple Past Present Perfect 1.: Hasn't

    Uploaded by

    Ha Tran
    The document provides rules for summarizing reported speech in English. It discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech for commands, requests, and advice. For commands, the verb "said" changes to "told" or "asked" and the verb changes from its original form to the infinitive. For requests and advice, the structure is similar but includes modals like "could", "would", or "should". Pronouns like "I", "me", and "my" change to refer to the speaker rather than the original speaker in the reported clause.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    A.

    SIMPLE PAST  PRESENT PERFECT


    1.

     S + started + to V1 ………… in time


    began Ving time ago

    S + have/ has + V3/ ed ………….. since + time


    for
    2.
     S + last + V 2 /ed ………… time

    S + haven’t + V3/ ed …………. since + time


    hasn’t For

    3
     The last time S + V2/ed ……… was + (time)

     S + haven’t + V3/ ed ……….since + (time)


    hasn’t For
    4.
     It’s + time + since S + V 2/ed …………

     S + haven’t + V3/ ed ………for + time


    hasn’t
    Ex:
    1. Miss White began teaching English in 1998.
    → Miss White has taught English since 1998.
    2. I last met John two month ago.
    → I haven’t met John for two month.
    3. The last time he used this car was in 1993.
    → He hasn’t used this car since 1993.

    4. It’s a long time since I traveled to Thailand with my friends.


    → I haven’t traveled to Thailand with my friend for a long time.

    B. USED TO
    S + used to + V
    1.
    always / often/usually /
    S + + V2/Ved
    sometimes /Frequently /
    1
    → S + used to + V1
    2.
    don’t + V1
    S + ……..any more
    doesn’t

    → S + used to + V1 bỏ any more


    3.
    S + no longer + V1 / Vs/es

    → S + used to + V1

    Ex:
    1. My father often smoked when he was young.
    → My father used smoked when he was young.

    2. She doesn’t go to class late any more.


    → She used to go to class late.

    3. They no longer go to work by train.


    → They used to go to work by train.

    C. ENOUGH :
    Cùng chủ ngữ:

    Subject + verb + adj/adv + ENOUGH + to-infinitive

    Subject + verb + ENOUGH + noun + to-infinitive

    Khác chủ ngữ:

    Subject + verb + adj/adv + ENOUGH FOR (pro)noun + to-infinitive

    Subject + verb + ENOUGH + noun + FOR (pro)noun + to-infinitive

    D. Adj Adv

    Subject + be + (a / an) + adj + Noun (người)

    Subject + Verb + adv


    (bỏ “er”) (thêm “ly”)
    2
    Ex: She is a quick runner.
     She runs quickly.

    Subject + Verb + adv

    Subject + be + (a / an) + adj + Noun (người)


    (bỏ “ly”) (thêm “er”)

     REPORTED SPEECH :
     command: (Câu mệnh lệnh)

     S + said to + O “ V1… ”

     S + told + O to V1
    asked

     S + said to + O “ Don’t V1… ”

     S + told + O not to V1
    asked

     Request: (Câu đề nghị)

     S + said to + O “ Can / could + V1… ”


    Will / would
     S + told + O to V1
    asked

     Advice: (câu lời khuyên)

     S + said + “ S + should + V1… ”

     S + said that S + should + V1

    3
     S + said to + O “ S + should + V1… ”

     S + told + O (that) S + should + V1

    Note:
     YOU / YOUR → đổi theo người nghe (object)
     I / WE / MY / OUR / ME / US → đổi theo người nói (subject)
     HE / SHE / IT / Tên người → giữ nguyên không đổi

    1st persons 3rd persons

    I He, she
    Me Him, her
    My His, her
    Mine His,her
    Myself Himself, herself
    We They
    Us Them
    Our Their
    Ours Theirs
    Ourselves themselves

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