Chapter 5 Answers

Practice Examples

1a. 0.540 M Cl−

1b. (a) 7.9 × 10-5 M F- ; (b) 3.1 kg CaF2

2a. (a) Al3+ ( aq ) + 3 OH − ( aq ) → Al ( OH )3 ( s )

(b) No reaction occurs.

(c) Pb 2+ ( aq ) + 2 I − ( aq ) → PbI 2 ( s )

(a) Al3+ ( aq ) + PO 4 ( aq ) → AlPO 4 ( s )

3−
2b.

(b) Ba 2+ ( aq ) + SO 4 ( aq ) → BaSO 4 ( s )
2−

(c) Pb 2+ ( aq ) + CO3 ( aq ) → PbCO3 ( s )

2−

3a. The acid and base react to form a salt solution of ammonium propionate.
NH 3 ( aq ) + HC3 H 5 O 2 ( aq ) → NH 4 ( aq ) + C3 H 5 O 2 ( aq )
+ −

3b. CaCO3 ( s ) + 2 HC2 H 3 O 2 ( aq ) → CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O ( l ) + Ca 2+ ( aq ) + 2 C 2 H 3 O 2 ( aq )

−

4a. (a) It is not an oxidation–reduction reaction; (b) This is an oxidation–reduction reaction.

4b. Vanadium is oxidized, manganese is reduced.

5a. Oxidation : {Al ( s ) → Al ( aq ) + 3 e } × 2

3+ −

Reduction: {2 H ( aq ) + 2 e → H ( g )} × 3
+ −
2

Net equation : 2 Al ( s ) + 6 H + ( aq ) → 2 Al3+ ( aq ) + 3 H 2 ( g )

5b. Oxidation : 2 Br − ( aq ) → Br2 ( l ) + 2 e −

Reduction: Cl2 ( g ) + 2 e − → 2 Cl− ( aq )
Net equation : 2 Br − ( aq ) + Cl2 ( g ) → Br2 ( l ) + 2 Cl− ( aq )

6a. MnO 4 − ( aq ) + 8 H + ( aq ) + 5 Fe 2+ ( aq ) → Mn 2+ ( aq ) + 4 H 2 O(l) + 5 Fe3+ ( aq )

6b. 3 UO 2+ ( aq ) + Cr2 O7 ( aq ) + 8 H + ( aq ) → 3 UO2 2+ ( aq ) + 2 Cr 3+ ( aq ) + 4 H 2O(l)

2−

7a. S ( s ) + 2 OH − ( aq ) + 2 OCl− ( aq ) → SO3 ( aq ) + H 2O(l) + 2 Cl − ( aq )

2−

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7b. 2 MnO 4 − ( aq ) + 3SO32− ( aq ) + H 2O(l) → 2 MnO 2 ( s ) + 3SO 4 2− ( aq ) + 2 OH − ( aq )

8a. Since the oxidation state of H is 0 in H2 (g) and is +1 in both NH3(g) and H2O(g), hydrogen
is oxidized. A substance that is oxidized is called a reducing agent. The oxidation state of the
element N decreases during this reaction, meaning that NO2 (g) is reduced. The substance that is
reduced is called the oxidizing agent.
8b. Au has been oxidized and, thus, Au(s) (oxidization state = 0), is the reducing agent. O has
been reduced and thus, O2(g) (oxidation state = 0) is the oxidizing agent.

9a. 0.1019 M

9b. 0.130 M
10a. 65.4% Fe

10b. 0.03129 M

Integrative Example
A. 49.89%

B. 1.32%

Exercises
1a. Weak electrolyte
1b. Strong electrolyte
1c. Strong electrolyte
1d. Nonelectrolyte.
1e. Strong electrolyte
3. HCl is practically 100% dissociated into ions. The apparatus should light up brightly. A
solution of both HCl and HC2H3O2 will yield similar results.
5a. Barium bromide: strong electrolyte
5b. Propionic acid: weak electrolyte
5c. Ammonia: weak electrolyte

7a. 0.238 M K +

7b. 0.334 M NO3−

7c. 0.166 M Al3+

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7d. 0.627 M Na +

9. 3.04 ×10-3 M OH -

11a. 3.54 ×10−4 M Ca 2+

11b. 8.39 ×10−3 M K +

11c. 3.44 ×10−3 M Zn 2+

13. The solution containing 8.1 mg K+ per mL gives the largest K+ of the three solutions.

15. 4.3 ×102 mg MgI 2

17. 0.732 M

19a. Pb 2+ ( aq ) + 2 Br − ( aq ) → PbBr2 ( s )

19b. No reaction occurs (all are spectator ions).

19c. Fe3+ ( aq ) + 3 OH − ( aq ) → Fe ( OH )3 ( s )

21a. No reaction occurs.

21b. Cu 2+ ( aq ) + CO32− ( aq ) → CuCO3 ( s )

21c. 3Cu 2+ ( aq ) + 2 PO 43− ( aq ) → Cu 3 ( PO 4 )2 ( s )

23a. Add K 2 SO 4 ( aq ) ; BaSO 4 ( s ) will form and MgSO4 will not precipitate.

23b. H 2 O ( l ) ; Na 2 CO3 ( s ) dissolves, but MgCO3 (s) will not dissolve (appreciably).

23c. Add KCl(aq); AgCl(s) will form, while Cu(NO3)2 (s) will dissolve.

25a. Sr ( NO3 )2 ( aq ) + K 2SO 4 ( aq ) : Sr 2+ ( aq ) + SO 4 2− ( aq ) → SrSO 4 ( s )

25b. Mg ( NO3 )2 ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) : Mg 2+ ( aq ) + 2 OH − ( aq ) → Mg ( OH )2 ( s )

25c. BaCl2 ( aq ) + K 2SO 4 ( aq ) : Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2− (aq) → BaSO 4 (s)

27a. OH − ( aq ) + HC2 H 3 O 2 ( aq ) → H 2 O ( l ) + C 2 H 3 O 2 ( aq )
−

27b. No reaction occurs. This is the physical mixing of two acids.

27c. FeS ( s ) + 2 H + ( aq ) → H 2 S ( g ) + Fe 2+ ( aq )

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27d. HCO3
−
( aq ) + H + ( aq ) → "H 2 CO3 ( aq ) " → H 2 O ( l ) + CO 2 ( g )

27e. Mg ( s ) + 2 H + ( aq ) → Mg 2+ ( aq ) + H 2 ( g )

As a salt: NaHSO 4 ( aq ) → Na + ( aq ) + HSO 4 ( aq )

−
29.
As an acid: HSO 4
−
( aq ) + OH − ( aq ) → H 2 O ( l ) + SO 4 ( aq )
2−

31. Use (b), NH3(aq). NH3 affords the OH- ions necessary to form Mg(OH)2(s).

33a. The O.S. of H is +1 , that of O is −2 , that of C is +4 , and that of Mg is +2 on each side of

this equation. This is not a redox equation.

33b. The O.S. of Cl is 0 on the left and −1 on the right side of this equation. The O.S. of Br is
−1 on the left and 0 on the right side of this equation. This is a redox reaction.

33c. The O.S. of Ag is 0 on the left and +1 on the right side of this equation. The O.S. of N is
+5 on the left and +4 on the right side of this equation. This is a redox reaction.

33d. On both sides of the equation the O.S. of O is −2 , that of Ag is +1 , and that of Cr is +6 .
Thus, this is not a redox equation.

35a. 2SO3
2−
( aq ) + 6 H + ( aq ) + 4 e − → S2 O3
2−
( aq ) + 3 H 2 O(l)

35b. 2 NO3 ( aq ) +10 H + ( aq ) + 8 e − → N 2 O ( g ) + 5 H 2 O ( l )

−

35c. Al ( s ) + 4 OH − ( aq ) → Al ( OH )4 ( aq ) + 3
−
e−

37a. 10 I − ( aq ) + 2 MnO 4 − ( aq ) +16 H + ( aq ) → 5 I 2 ( s ) + 2 Mn 2+ ( aq ) + 8 H 2O ( l )

37b. 3 N 2 H 4 ( l ) + 2 BrO3 ( aq ) → 3 N 2 ( g ) + 2 Br − ( aq ) + 6 H 2 O ( l )
−

37c. Fe 2+ ( aq ) + VO 4 ( aq ) + 6 H + ( aq ) → Fe3+ ( aq ) + VO 2+ ( aq ) + 3 H 2 O ( l )
3−

37d. 3 UO 2+ ( aq ) + 2 NO3− ( aq ) + 2 H + ( aq ) → 3 UO 2 2+ ( aq ) + 2 NO ( g ) + H 2 O ( l )

39a. 2 MnO 2 ( s ) + ClO3 ( aq ) + 2 OH − ( aq ) → 2MnO 4 ( aq ) + Cl− ( aq ) + H 2 O(l)

− −

39b. 2 Fe ( OH )3 ( s ) + 3 OCl− ( aq ) + 4 OH − ( aq ) → 2FeO 4 2− ( aq ) + 3 Cl − ( aq ) + 5 H 2 O(l)

39c. 6 ClO 2 (aq) + 6 OH − ( aq ) → 5ClO3 ( aq ) + Cl− ( aq ) + 3 H 2 O

−

39d. 3 Ag(s) + CrO42- + 4 H2O(l)  3 Ag+(aq) + Cr(OH)3(s) + 5 OH-

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41a. 3 Cl2 ( g ) + 6 OH − ( aq ) → 5 Cl− ( aq ) + ClO3 ( aq ) + 3 H 2 O(l)
−

41b. 2 S2 O 4
2−
( aq ) + H 2 O(l) → 2 HSO3 ( aq ) + S2 O3
− 2−
( aq )
43a. 5 NO 2 ( aq ) + 2 MnO 4 ( aq ) + 6 H + ( aq ) → 5 NO3 ( aq ) + 2 Mn 2+ ( aq ) + 3 H 2O ( l )
− − −

43b. 3 Mn2+ (aq) + 2 MnO4- (aq) + 4 OH- (aq) → 5 MnO2 (s) + 2 H2O (l)

43c. Cr2 O7 2− ( aq ) + 8 H + ( aq ) + 3 C2 H 5 OH → 2 Cr 3+ ( aq ) + 7 H 2 O ( l ) + 3 CH 3 CHO

45a. CH4(g) + 4 NO(g) → 2 N2(g) + CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

45b. 16 H2S(g) + 8 SO2(g) → 3 S8(s) + 16 H2O(g)

45c. 10 NH3(g) +3 Cl2O(g) → 6 NH4Cl(s) + 2 N2(g) + 3 H2O(l)

47a. SO3
2−
( aq ) is the reducing agent; MnO 4
−
( aq ) is the oxidizing agent.
47b. H 2 ( g ) is the reducing agent; NO 2 ( g ) is the oxidizing agent.

4−
47c.  Fe ( CN )6  ( aq ) is the reducing agent; H 2 O 2 ( aq ) is the oxidizing agent.

49. 13.3 mL NaOH ( aq ) soln

51. 3.546 mL KOH solution

53. 0.1230 M NaOH

55. 0.077 M NaOH

57. Acidic

59. 34 mL base

61. Answer is (d).

63. 1.968 ×10-2 M

65. 53.23% Fe

67. 37.0 g Na 2 C2 O 4

Integrative and Advanced Exercises

2−
71. 3 Ca 2 + (aq) + 2 HPO 4 (aq) 
→ Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s) + 2 H + (aq)

74. 108 ppm Mg

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75. 0.0874 L

80a. 4 FeS2(s) + 15 O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) → 4 Fe3+(aq) + 8 SO42−(aq) + 4 H+(aq)

80b. 23.4 g CaCO3

83. 44.6 g Cl2

85. 5.0 ×102 g ClO 2 (g)

88a. 45.9 g
88b. 1.00 L
89. % Mg(OH)2 = 21.6; %Al(OH)3 = 78.4.
91. 0.4346 %
93a. CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca2+(aq) + 2 OH−(aq)

H2PO4−(aq) + 2 OH−(aq) → PO43−(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

HPO4−(aq) + OH−(aq) → PO43−(aq) + H2O(l)

5 Ca2+(aq) + 3 PO43−(aq) + OH−(aq) → Ca5(PO4)3OH(s)

93b. 0.302 kg
Feature Problems
94. x = 1.03
95. 91.0% MnO 2
97. Before the breath test: 8×10-4 M; After the breath test 3 × 10−4 mol/L.
Self-Assessment Exercises
102. The answer is (b).
103. The answer is (d).
104. The answer is (c).
105. The answer is (a).
106. 2I- + Pb 2+ → PbI 2 (s)

107. CO 23 − + 2H + → H 2 O (l) + CO 2 (g)

108a. 3 Zn 2+ + PO34− → Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s)

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108b. Cu 2+ + 2 OH − → Cu(OH) 2 (s)

108c. Ni 2+ + CO32− → NiCO3 (s)

109a. Species oxidized: N in NO
109b. Species reduced: O2
109c. Oxidizing agent: O2
109d. Reducing agent: NO
109e. Gains electrons: O2
109f. Loses electrons: NO
110. The answer is (b).
111. The answer is (d).
112. The answer is (a).
113a. False
113b. True
113c. False
113d. False
113e. True
114a. No
114b. Yes
114c. Yes
114d. No

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