SCIENCE

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FIRST QUARTER

Module 1

Title

The Scientific Method

AUTHORS: JOY M. ASISTIO
EMELIE R. BAUTISTA

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Describe the components of a scientific investigation

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 To the Learners
This module will help you to identify some ways to solve problems you
encountered. In our country today, even in our community, conflicts are evident
due to lack of scientific temper — the attitude of being rational, considering all
factors, testing possible solutions before arriving at decisions.
This lesson is based on the belief that a working knowledge of how to
solve problems scientifically will enable you to become better critical thinkers
and wise decision- makers in the future.
Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Study and follow the instructions found in each part the module
carefully.
2. Write in your ISN a list of your concepts as you go along with each
activity.
3. If necessary, you must have with you some reference books, textbooks
or you may use the “links” to help you understand the lesson.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer
key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Have fun studying using this module!

Expectations
After working through this module, you will be able to:

1. identify the components of an investigation research problem,

hypothesis, method for testing hypothesis and conclusions based on
evidence;
2. differentiate qualitative from quantitative observation;

3. identify the independent, dependent, and controlled variables.

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 Pre-Test

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of you

correct answer on the blank provided before the number.

1. Which of the following is a series of steps used by scientists to solve

a problem or answer a question?

A. recipe C. data collection

B. metric system D. scientific method

2. An educated guess or possible answer to the problem is called?

A. data C. hypothesis

B. fact D. theory

3. Which of the following refers to the quantity that identified as the

possible cause of change and can be manipulated?

A. Control C. Dependent variable

B. Hypothesis D. Independent variable

4. What is the factor that changes in response to the independent

variable?

A. Control C. Dependent variable

B. Hypothesis D. Independent variable

5. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative observation?

A. Breed of dog C. Taste of sour apple

B. Texture of coat D. The exact number learner’s in

classroom

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 Looking Back

THINK AND PAIR

Directions: Match the Science Process Skills with its description. Use the
same color in pairing it. You may use crayons or any coloring materials.

Using your senses to Telling what you know

MEASURE
learn about objects by speaking, writing, INFER
around you. drawing a picture, or
creating graphs.

Using what you

PREDICT Grouping or
observe to explain
categorizing objects
what has happened.
or events based on a COMMUNICATE
pattern
of evidences.
Forming an idea of
an expected
OBSERVE outcome based on Determining the CLASSIFY
observations size or magnitude
or experience. of something.

Brief Introduction
Science investigation is a process used to find answers to questions about the
things around us. It is often following a general pattern. This pattern is commonly called
the Scientific Method.

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 SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Observe and identify the What is the topic or project that you
problem want to work on?

Use available resources (library and

Gather data internet resources, consultation with
experts, interview with key informants) to learn as
much about the problem as possible.

This is a sort of educated guess about what you

Form a hypothesis expect. It is a statement used to predict the
outcome of an experiment.

Design and perform an experiment to test your

Test the hypothesis hypothesis. An experiment has an independent
and dependent variable.

Record observations and analyze the

Analyze data meaning of the data. Often, you'll
prepare a table or graph of the data.

Draw conclusion Conclude whether to accept or reject

your hypothesis.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION

As the name suggests, qualitative As the name suggests,

meaning – that pertaining to quality, is quantitative meaning – that
the kind of observation where a person pertaining to quantity, is the kind
observes a certain thing based on its of observation where a person
physical qualities or properties. This observes a certain thing based on
observation uses all five senses – sight, numbers and measurements.
smell, hearing, touch, and taste. Examples:
Examples: 1. The water is 1 Degree Celsius.
1. The water is cold. 2. The soup is 75% salty.
2. The bag of potatoes is heavy.

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VARIABLES

Independent Variable
This refers to the quantity which identified as the possible
cause of change. It can be manipulated.

Dependent Variable
It is the factor that changes in response to the
independent variable. It is also presumed as effect.

Control Variable
A part of the experiment that is not being tested and is
used for comparison.

Activity 1
LOGIC OF SCIENCE AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Directions: Using the numbers 1-6, indicate the order of events in using the
scientific method.

Test the hypothesis by performing

an experiment.

Make observations and

record data.

Make a hypothesis and an

experimental prediction.

Identify the problem to be

studied.

Use data and results to

support a conclusion.

Perform background research

on the problem.

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 Activity 2

Objectives:
1. Classify the situations as Qualitative or Quantitative observations;
2. Differentiate Qualitative and Quantitative observations.
3. Give at least 3 Qualitative and 3 Quantitative observations based on the picture.

QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE

Directions: Read the following examples and then decide if each statement is

Qualitative or Quantitative.

1. The vinegar is sour.

2. You have 2 brothers.
3. The post is 150 cm tall.
4. The blood is red.

5. His eyes are brown.

___________________ 6. The ladder was 2 m long.

___________________ 7. The car is orange.

___________________ 8. The mass of the beaker was 122 g.

_____________________ 9. The soap was slimy.

_____________________ 10. The foot is 6 inches long.

Directions: Use the picture on the right to answer the questions bellow.

1. Make 3 of your own Qualitative Observation.

2. Make 3 of your own Quantitative Observation

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 Activity 3

IDENTIFYING VARIABLES

Instructions: For the following experiments, identify the (IV) independent variable, (DV)
dependent variable, (CG) control group.
Number 1 is done for you.
1. You water three sunflower plants with salt water. Each plant receives a different
concentration of salt solutions. A fourth plant receives regular water. After a two-
week period, the height is measured.
IV The amount of salt.
DV The height of plant.

CG 4th plant that receive pure water.

2. Three wax palm trees are kept at different humidity levels inside of a
greenhouse for 12 weeks. One tree is left outside in normal conditions. Height of
the tree is measured once a week.
IV DV
CG
3. One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a day, a second tank
is fed twice a day, and a third tank four times a day during a six-week study. The
fish’s body fat is recorded daily.
IV
DV
CG
4. Strawberry plant clones are given different amounts of water for a 3- week period.
First strawberry plant receives 400 milliliters (ml) a day. The second strawberry plant
receives 200ml a day. The third strawberry plant receives 100ml a day. The fourth
strawberry plant does not receive any extra water; this plant only receives natural
ways of receiving water. The height of the strawberry plants is recorded daily.
IV
DV
CG
5. Emelie is working on a science project. Her task is to answer the question:
"Does Rogooti (a hair cream sold on TV) affect the speed of hair growth (in
length)". Her family is willing to volunteer for the experiment.
IV
DV
CG

https://www.pacrim.org/ourpages/auto/2016/9/29/67714237/Identifying_Variables_Worksheet_2.pdf

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Activity 3.1

For each question, underline the independent variable, circle the dependent variable, and list 1
constant/control variables.

1. How does the string of a guitar affects the sounds it produces?

Constant/control variables____________________________________________
2. Does water temperature affect the rate of absorbency of tissue paper?
Constant/ control variables___________________________________________
3. Which brand of insecticide can kill the greatest number of insects?
Constant/ control variables___________________________________________
4. Which variety of mango is the most productive?
Constant/ control variables___________________________________________
5. What is the effect of varying the concentration of solution on its index of refraction?
Constant/ control variables___________________________________________

Remember

SCIENTIFIC METHOD- A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or

answer a question. It I also a pattern or body of techniques used to investigate a
phenomenon, acquire new knowledge, or correct and integrate previous knowledge.
HYPOTHESIS- An educated guess or a possible answer to the problem.
VARIABLE- The components in an experiment that are either maintained or changed
to check the validity of the results.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE- This refers to the quantity which identified as the
possible cause of change. It can be manipulated.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE- It is the factor that changes in response to the independent
variable. It is also presumed effect.
CONTROL VARIABLE- A part of the experiment that is not being tested and is used
for comparison.
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION- The kind of observation where a person observes a
certain thing based on its physical qualities or properties. This observation uses all
five senses- sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste.
QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION- The kind of observations where a person observes
a certain thing based on numbers and measurements.

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 Check Your Understanding

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Directions: Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the following:

1. Qualitative observation and quantitative observation;
2. Independent variable, dependent variable and control variable.

Control variable

Qualitative Quantitative
observation observation
Independent Dependent
variable variable

Post Test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. What is the correct order of the steps in scientific method?

A. State the problem, form a hypothesis, test hypothesis, draw conclusions, analyze data,
gather data.

B. State the problem, test hypothesis, analyze data, form a hypothesis, draw conclusions,
gather data.

C. Form a hypothesis, test hypothesis, analyze data, State the problem, gather data, draw
conclusions.

D. State the problem, gather data, form a hypothesis, test hypothesis, analyze data, draw
conclusions.

2. What process is obtaining information using senses?

A. Inquiry C. Observation

B. Conclusion D. Scientific method

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 3. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative observation?

A. Breed of dog C. Taste of sour apple

B. Texture of a coat D. Exact number of students in classroom

4. Joy wants to determine the effect of fertilizer on the growth of grass. What is the

independent variable?

A. Time C. Growth of grass

B. Type of plant D. Amount of fertilizer

5. Which observation is based on numerical data that can be analyzed using statistics?

A. Quantifiable research C. Quantitative observation

B. Qualitative observation D. All the scientific research

Reflection

Directions: Complete the table.

What did you like most about What do you think you What was most challenging
this lesson and why? learned from this lesson? or least interesting about this
lesson?

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