Rotational Dynamics

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ROTATIONAL MOTION
THEORY AND EXERCISE BOOKLET
CONTENTS
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. Rigid Body .............................................................................................. 3 – 5
2. Moment of Inertia ................................................................................... 5 – 10
3. Theorems of Moment of Inertia ............................................................. 11 – 14
4. Cavity Problems ................................................................................... 14 – 15
5. Torque ................................................................................................... 15 – 18
6. Body In Equilibrium ............................................................................... 18 – 22
7. Relation between Torque & ................................................................... 23 – 25
Angular acceleration
8. Angular Momentum ............................................................................... 25 – 27
9. Conservation of Angular Momentum ..................................................... 27 – 30
10. Angular Impulse .................................................................................... 30 – 31
11. Combined Translational & ..................................................................... 31 – 39
Rotational Motion
12. Uniform Pure Rolling ............................................................................. 39 – 47
13. Toppling ................................................................................................ 47 – 49
14. Instantaneous Axis of Rotation ............................................................. 49 – 51
15. Exercise - I ........................................................................................... 52 – 59
16. Exercise - II .......................................................................................... 60 – 62
17. Exercise - III ......................................................................................... 63 – 66
18 Exercise - IV ........................................................................................ 67 – 69
19. Exercise - V .......................................................................................... 70 – 76
20. Answer key ........................................................................................... 77 – 78
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Page # 2 ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
Syllabus
Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and
perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia
of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes;
Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of
angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid bodies with
fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping of
rings, cylinders and spheres; Equilibrium of rigid
bodies; Collision of point masses with rigid bodies.
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ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS Page # 3
1. RIGID BODY :
Rigid body is defined as a system of particles in which distance between each pair of particles
remains constant (with respect to time) that means the shape and size do not change,
during the motion. Eg. Fan, Pen, Table, stone and so on.
Our body is not a rigid body, two blocks with a spring attached between them is also not a
rigid body. For every pair of particles in a rigid body, there is no velocity of seperation or
approach between the particles. In the figure shown velocities of A and B with respect to
 
ground are VA and VB respectively
A
VA sin1
A
A VA cos 1
 1 VA
B B
VBA
VB  2 B
VB sin 2
VB cos 2
If the above body is rigid
VA cos 1 = VB cos 2
Note : With respect to any particle of rigid body the motion of any other particle of that rigid body is
circular.
VBA = relative velocity of B with respect to A.
Types of Motion of rigid body
Pure Translational Pure Rotational Combined Translational and

Motion Motion Rotational Motion
1.1. Pure Translational Motion :

A body is said to be in pure translational motion if the displacement of each particle is same
 
during any time interval however small or large. In this motion all the particles have same s, v

& a at an instant.
example.
A box is being pushed on a horizontal surface.
10
6 6
10
16
   
Vcm  V of any particle, a cm  a of any particle
 
Scm  S of any particle
For pure translational motion :-
v
v m2 m2
m1 v m1
v m3 m3
m4 v v m4
m5 vm6 m5 m6
v m8 m8
m7 m7
   
Fext  m1a1  m 2 a 2  m 3 a 3 .............
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Where m1, m2, m3, ......... are the masses of different particles of the body having accelerations
  
a1, a 2 , a 3 ,............... respectively..
   
But acceleration of all the particles are same So, a1  a 2  a 3  .........  a
 
Fext  Ma
Where M = Total mass of the body

a = acceleration of any particle or of centre of mass of body
   
P  m1v1  m 2 v 2  m 3 v 3 .............
Where m1, m2, m3 ...... are the masses of different particles of the body having velocities
  
v 1, v 2 , v 3 ............. respectively
   
But velocities of all the particles are same so v1  v 2  v 3 ..........  v
 
P  Mv

Where v = velocity of any particle or of centre of mass of the body..
1 1 1
Total Kinetic Energy of body = m1v 12  m 2 v 22  .......... .  Mv 2
2 2 2
1.2. Pure Rotational Motion :

A body is said to be in pure rotational motion if the perpendicular distance of each particle
remains constant from a fixed line or point and do not move parallel to the line, and that line
  
is known as axis of rotation. In this motion all the particles have same ,  and  at an
instant. Eg. : - a rotating ceiling fan, arms of a clock.
For pure rotation motion :-
s
 Where  = angle rotated by the particle
r m3
s = length of arc traced by the particle. m2
m2
m1
m5
r = distance of particle from the axis of rotation. 

m3
m4
d m1
m6
 m5 m6
Where  = angular speed of the body..
dt
m4
d
 Where  = angular acceleration of the body..
dt
All the parameters ,  and  are same for all the particles. Axis of rotation is perpendicular to
the plane of rotation of particles.
Special case : If  = constant,
 = 0 +  t Where 0 = initial angular speed
1 2
  0t  t t = time interval
2
2 = 02 + 2
1 1
Total Kinetic Energy  m1v12  m 2 v 22 .................
2 2
1
 [m1r12  m 2r22 ................]  2
2
1 2
 I Where I = Moment of Inertia = m1r12  m 2r22 .......
2
 = angular speed of body.
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1.3 Combined translation and rotational Motion

A body is said to be in translation and rotational motion if all the particles rotates about an
axis of rotation and the axis of rotation moves with respect to the ground.
2. MOMENT OF INERTIA
Like the centre of mass, the moment of inertia is a property of an object that is related to its
mass distribution. The moment of inertia (denoted by I) is an important quantity in the study
of system of particles that are rotating. The role of the moment of inertia in the study of
rotational motion is analogous to that of mass in the study of linear motion. Moment of inertia
gives a measurement of the resistance of a body to a change in its rotaional motion. If a body
is at rest, the larger the moment of inertia of a body the more difficuilt it is to put that body
into rotational motion. Similarly, the larger the moment of inertia of a body, the more difficult
to stop its rotational motion. The moment of inertia is calculated about some axis (usually the
rotational axis).
Moment of inertia depends on :
(i) density of the material of body
(ii) shape & size of body
(iii) axis of rotation
In totality we can say that it depends upon distribution of mass relative to axis of rotation.
Note :
Moment of inertia does not change if the mass :
(i) is shifted parallel to the axis of the rotation
(ii) is rotated with constant radius about axis of rotation
2.1 Moment of Inertia of a Single Particle

r
For a very simple case the moment of inertia of a
single particle about an axis is given by,
I = mr2 ...(i)
Here, m is the mass of the particle and r its distance from the axis under consideration.
2.2 Moment of Inertia of a System of Particles
The moment of inertia of a system of particles about an axis is given by,
2
I= m r i i ...(ii)
i
r1
m1
r2
m2
r3
m3
where ri is the perpendicular distance from the axis to the ith particle, which has a mass mi.
Ex.1 Two heavy particles having masses m1 & m2 are situated in a plane perpendicular to
line AB at a distance of r1 and r2 respectively.
C A
r1 r2
E F
m1 m2
D B
(i) What is the moment of inertia of the system about axis AB?
(ii) What is the moment of inertia of the system about an axis passing through m1
and perpendicular to the line joining m1 and m2 ?
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(iii) What is the moment of inertia of the system about an axis passing through m1
and m2?
Sol. (i) Moment of inertia of particle on left is I1 = m1r12.
Moment of Inertia of particle on right is I2 = m2r22.
Moment of Inertia of the system about AB is
I = I1+ I2 = m1r12 + m2r22
(ii) Moment of inertia of particle on left is I1 = 0
Moment of Inertia of the system about CD is
I = I1 + I2 = 0 + m2(r1 + r2)2
(iii) Moment of inertia of particle on left is I1 = 0
Moment of inertia of particle on right is I2 = 0
Moment of Inertia of the system about EF is
I = I1 + I2 = 0 + 0
Ex.2 Three light rods, each of length 2, are joined together to form a triangle. Three particles
A, B, C of masses m, 2m, 3m are fixed to the vertices of the triangle. Find the moment
of inertia of the resulting body about
(a) an axis through A perpendicular to the plane ABC,
(b) an axis passing through A and the midpoint of BC.
Sol. (a) B is at a distant 2 from the axis XY so the moment of X
A
inertia of B (IB) about XY is 2 m (2)2 m
Similarly Ic about XY is 3m (2)2 and IA about XY is m(0)2
Y
2l
2l
Therefore the moment of inertia of the body about XY is
2m (2)2 + 3 m(2)2 + m(0)2 = 20 m2
(b) IA about X' Y' = m(0)2 B
C
IB about X' Y' = 2m () 2
2m 3m
2
IC about X' Y' = 3m ()
Therefore the moment of inertia of the body about X' Y' is
m(0)2 + 2m()2 + 3m()2 = 5 m2
X'
A m
B C
2m 3m
Y'
Ex.3 Four particles each of mass m are kept at the four corners of a square of edge a. Find
the moment of inertia of the system about a line perpendicular to the plane of the
square and passing through the centre of the square.
Sol. The perpendicular distance of every particle from
the given line is a / 2 . The moment of inertia of
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1
one particle is, therefore, m(a / 2 )2 = ma 2 . The m
m
2
moment of inertia of the system is,
1
2
therefore, 4  ma2 = 2 ma2.
/
2
a
m m
2.3 Moment of Inertia of Rigid Bodies
For a continuous mass distribution such as found
in a rigid body, we replace the summation of
2
I m r i i by an integral. If the system is divided
i
r
into infinitesimal element of mass dm and if r is
the distance from a mass element to the axis of
rotation, the moment of inertia is,
2
I= r dm
where the integral is taken over the system.
(A) Uniform rod about a perpendicular bisector

Consider a uniform rod of mass M and length l figure and suppose the moment of inertia is to
be calculated about the bisector AB. Take the origin at the middle point O of the rod. Consider
the element of the rod between a distance x and x + dx from the origin. As the rod is uniform,
Mass per unit length of the rod = M / l
A dx
so that the mass of the element = (M/l)dx. x
The perpendicular distance of the element from 0
the line AB is x. The moment of inertia of this B
element about AB is
M
dI  dx x 2 .
l
When x = – l/2, the element is at the left end of the rod. As x is changed from – l/2 to l/2, the
elements cover the whole rod.
Thus, the moment of inertia of the entire rod about AB is
l/2 l/2
M 2 M x3  Ml 2
I  x dx    
l / 2
l  l 3  –l / 2
12
(B) Moment of inertia of a rectangular plate about a line parallel to an edge and passing
through the centre
The situation is shown in figure. Draw a line parallel to AB at a distance x from it and another
at a distance x + dx. We can take the strip enclosed between the two lines as the small
element.
A x
dx B
l
It is “small” because the perpendiculars from different points of the strip to AB differ by not
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more than dx. As the plate is uniform,

M
its mass per unit area =
bl
M M
b dx  dx .
Mass of the strip =
bl l
The perpendicular distance of the strip from AB = x.
M
The moment of inertia of the strip about AB = dI = dx x 2 . The moment of inertia of the given
l
plate is, therefore,
l/2
M 2 Ml 2
I  x dx 
l 12
l / 2
The moment of inertia of the plate about the line parallel to the other edge and passing
through the centre may be obtained from the above formula by replacing l by b and thus,
Mb 2
. I
12
(C) Moment of inertia of a circular ring about its axis (the line perpendicular to the plane of
the ring through its centre)
Suppose the radius of the ring is R and its mass is M. As all the elements of the ring are at the
same perpendicular distance R from the axis, the moment of inertia of the ring is
I  r 2 dm  R2 dm  R2 dm  MR2 .
  
(D) Moment of inertia of a uniform circular plate about its axis
Let the mass of the plate be M and its radius R. The centre is at O and the axis OX is
perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
X
dx
0
x
R
Draw two concentric circles of radii x and x + dx, both centred at O and consider the area of
the plate in between the two circles.
This part of the plate may be considered to be a circular ring of radius x. As the periphery of
the ring is 2 x and its width is dx, the area of this elementary ring is 2xdx. The area of the
plate is  R2. As the plate is uniform,
M
 R2
Its mass per unit area =
M 2 M x dx
Mass of the ring  2
2  x dx 
R R2
Using the result obtained above for a circular ring, the moment of inertia of the elementary
ring about OX is
 2 Mx dx  2
dI   x .
 R2 
The moment of inertia of the plate about OX is
R
2M MR 2
I R 2
x 3 dx  .
2
0
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(E) Moment of inertia of a hollow cylinder about its axis

Suppose the radius of the cylinder is R and its mass is M. As every element of this cylinder is
at the same perpendicular distance R from the axis, the moment of inertia of the hollow
cylinder about its axis is
I  r 2 dm  R 2 dm  MR 2
 
(F) Moment of inertia of a uniform solid cylinder about its axis
Let the mass of the cylinder be M and its radius R. Draw two cylindrical surface of radii x and
x + dx coaxial with the given cylinder. Consider the part of the cylinder in between the two
surface. This part of the cylinder may be considered to be a hollow cylinder of radius x. The
area of cross-section of the wall of this hollow cylinder is 2 x dx. If the length of the cylinder
is l, the volume of the material of this elementary hollow cylinder is 2 x dxl.
The volume of the solid cylinder is  R2 l and it is uniform, hence its mass per unit volume is
M

 R2 l
The mass of the hollow cylinder considered is
M 2M
2 x dx l  x dx .
 R2 l R2
dx
As its radius is x, its moment of inertia about the given axis is
x
 2M 
dI   2 x dx x2 .
R 
The moment of inertia of the solid cylinder is, therefore,
R
2M MR 2
I R 2
x 3 dx 
2 .
0
Note that the formula does not depend on the length of the cylinder.
(G) Moment of inertia of a uniform hollow sphere about a diameter
Let M and R be the mass and the radius of the sphere, O its centre and OX the given axis
(figure). The mass is spread over the surface of the sphere and the inside is hollow.
Let us consider a radius OA of the sphere at an angle  with the axis OX and rotate this radius
about OX. The point A traces a circle on the sphere. Now change  to  + d and get another
circle of somewhat larger radius on the sphere. The part of the sphere between these two
circles, shown in the figure, forms a ring of radius R sin. The width of this ring is Rd and its
periphery is 2R sin. Hence,
the area of the ring = (2R sin) (Rd).
x
M R sin
Mass per unit area of the sphere  . A
4 R2 Rd
M M R
The mass of the ring  2
(2R sin )(Rd)  sin  d. d
4 R 2 0
The moment of inertia of this elemental ring about OX is
M
d I   sin  d. (R sin ) 2  M R2 sin 3  d

2  2
As  increases from 0 to , the elemental rings cover the whole spherical surface. The
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moment of inertia of the hollow sphere is, therefore,

  
M 2 MR 2   MR 2  
I  R sin3  d   (1  cos 2 )sin  d 
  (1  cos 2 ) d (cos )

2 2   2  
0 0    0 

MR2  cos 3   2 2
 cos     MR
2  3  3
0
(H) Moment of inertia of a uniform solid sphere about a diameter

Let M and R be the mass and radius of the given solid sphere. x
Let O be centre and OX the given axis. Draw two spheres of
radii x and x + dx concentric with the given solid sphere. The dx
thin spherical shell trapped between these spheres may be treated
as a hollow sphere of radius x. 0 x
The mass per unit volume of the solid sphere
M 3M
=  3
4
R 3 4 R
3
The thin hollow sphere considered above has a surface area 4x2 and thickness dx. Its
volume is
4  x2 dx and hence its mass is
 3M  3M
=  3
 (4  x2 dx) = 3 x 2 dx
 4 R  R
Its moment of inertia about the diameter OX is, therefore,

2  3M 2  2M
dl = x 4 dx
x dx x2 =
3  R 3
R3 
If x = 0, the shell is formed at the centre of the solid sphere. As x increases from 0 to R, the
shells cover the whole solid sphere.
The moment of inertia of the solid sphere about OX is, therefore,
R
2M 2
I= x 4 dx = MR 2 .
R
0
3 5
Ex.4 Find the moment of Inertia of a cuboid along the axis as shown in the figure.
I
b
a
c
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M(a 2  b 2 )
Sol. After compressing the cuboid parallel to the axis I =
12
3. THEOREMS OF MOMENT OF INERTIA

There are two important theorems on moment of inertia, which, in some cases enable the
moment of inertia of a body to be determined about an axis, if its moment of inertia about
some other axis is known. Let us now discuss both of them.
3.1 Theorem of parallel axes
A very useful theorem, called the parallel axes theorem relates
the moment of inertia of a rigid body about two parallel axes,
one of which passes
through the centre of mass. COM
Two such axes are shown in figure for a body of mass M. If r is

the distance between the axes and ICOM and I are the respective r
moments of inertia about them, these moments are related by,
I = ICOM + Mr2
* Theorem of parallel axis is applicable for any type of rigid body whether it is a two dimensional
or three dimensional
Ex 5. Three rods each of mass m and length l are joined A

together to form an equilateral triangle as shown in
figure. Find the moment of inertia of the system
about an axis passing through its centre of mass and
perpendicular to the plane
COM
of triangle.
Sol. Moment of inertia of rod BC about an axis perpendicular
B C
to plane of triangle ABC and passing through the mid-
point of rod BC (i.e., D) is
ml 2
I1 =
12
From theorem of parallel axes, moment of inertia of this A
rod about the asked axis is
2
ml 2  l  ml 2 COM
I2 = I1 + mr =  m 2  
12 2 3 6
r
 Moment of inertia of all the three rod is 30°
B D C
 ml 2  ml 2
I  3I2  3  
 6  2
Ex.6. Find the moment of inertia of a solid sphere of mass M and radius R about an axis XX
shown in figure.
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x
Sol. From theorem of parallel axis,
IXX = ICOM + Mr2
2 COM
= MR2  MR2
5
7
= MR 2 x
5
r=R
Ex.7. Consider a uniform rod of mass m and length 2l with two particles of mass m each at
its ends. Let AB be a line perpendicular to the length of the rod passing through its
centre. Find the moment of inertia of the system about AB.
Sol. IAB = Irod + Iboth particles A
m(2l )2
  2(ml 2 ) I I
12
m m
7 2
 ml Ans.
3 B
3.2 Theorem of perpendicular axes

The theorem states that the moment of inertia of a plane lamina about an axis perpendicular
to the plane of the lamina is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of the lamina about
two axes perpendicular to each other, in its own plane and intersecting each other, at the
point where the perpendicular axis passes through it.
Let x and y axes be chosen in the plane of the body and z-axis perpendicular, to this plane,
three axes being mutually perpendicular, then the theorem states that.
z
y
xi
P
ri yi
O x
Iz = Ix + Iy
Important point in perpendicular axis theorem
(i) This theorem is applicable only for the plane bodies (two dimensional).
(ii) In theorem of perpendicular axes, all the three axes (x, y and z) intersect each other and this
point may be any point on the plane of the body (it may even lie outside the body).
(iii) Intersection point may or may not be the centre of mass of the body.
Ex.8 Find the moment of inertia of uniform ring of mass M and radius R about a diameter.
B
Z
C 0 D
A
Sol. Let AB and CD be two mutually perpendicular diameters of the ring. Take them ax X and Y-
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axes and the line perpendicular to the plane of the ring through the centre as the Z-axis. The
moment of inertia of the ring about the Z-axis is I = MR2. As the ring is uniform, all of its
diameter equivalent and so Ix = Iy, From perpendicular axes theorem,
Iz MR2
Iz = Ix + Iy Hence Ix = =
2 2
Similarly, the moment of inertia of a uniform disc about a diameter is MR2/4
Ex.9 Two uniform identical rods each of mass M and length  are joined to form a cross as
shown in figure. Find the moment of inertia of the cross about a bisector as shown
dotted in the figure.
Sol. Consider the line perpendicular to the plane of the figure through the centre of the cross. The
M 2
moment of inertia of each rod about this line is and hence the moment of inertia of the
12
M 2
cross is . The moment of inertia of the cross about the two bisector are equal by
6
symmetry and according to the theorem of perpendicular axes, the moment of inertia of the
M 2
cross about the bisector is .
12
Ex.10 In the figure shown find moment of inertia of a plate having mass M, length  and
width b about axis 1,2,3 and 4. Assume that C is centre and mass is uniformly distributed
4 2
1
C
3 b

Sol. Moment of inertia of the plate about axis 1 (by taking rods perpendicular to axis 1)
l1 = Mb2/3
Moment of inertia of the plate about axis 2 (by taking rods perpendicular to axis 2)
I 2 = M2/12
Moment of inertia of the plate about axis 3 (by taking rods perpendicular to axis 3)
Mb 2
I3 
12
Moment of inertia of the plate about axis 4(by taking rods perpendicular to axis 4)
I4 = M2/3
3.3 Moment of Inertia of Compound Bodies
Consider two bodies A and B, rigidly joined together. The moment of inertia of this compound
body, about an axis XY, is required. If IA is the moment of inertia of body A about XY. IB is the
moment of inertia of body B about XY.Then, moment of Inertia of compound body I = IA + IB
Extending this argument to cover any number of bodies rigidly joined together, we see that
the moment of inertia of the compound body, about a specified axis, is the sum of the
moments of inertia of the separate parts of the body about the same axis.
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A
X Y
Ex.11 Two rods each having length l and mass m joined together at point B as shown in
figure.Then findout moment of inertia about axis passing thorugh A and perpendicular
to the plane of page as shown in figure.
 A
B ×
C
Sol. We find the resultant moment of inertia I by dividing in two parts such as
I = M.I of rod AB about A +
M.I of rod BC about A
I = I1 + I2 ... (1)
first calculate I1 :
B  A
×
m 2
I1 = ...(2)
3
Calculation of I2 :  ×
use parallel axis theorem /2
d
I2 = ICM + md2 COM ×
m 2  2 
  2  m 2 5 2
= 12  m  m
 4  = ...(3)
  12 4
Put value from eq. (2) & (3) into (1)
m  2 m  2 5 2m
I=  
3 12 4
m 2 5m 2
I= (4  1  15 )  I=
12 3
4. CAVITY PROBLEMS :
Ex.12 A uniform disc having radius 2R and mass density  as shown in figure. If a small disc
of radius R is cut from the disc as shown. Then find out the moment of inertia of
remaining disc around the axis that passes through O and is perpendicular to the plane
of the page.
2R O R
Sol. We assume that in remaning part a disc of radius R and mass density ±  is placed. Then
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M1  (2R) 2
M2  –R2
2R O   R 2R I2 R
× I1
 + ×
when – is takes
when  is taken
Total Moment of Inertia I = I1 + I2
M1(2R)2
I1 =
2
4R2 .4R2
I1 = = 8  R4
2
To calculate I2 we use parallel axis theorem.
I2 = ICM + M2R2
M2R2
I2 = + M2R2
2
3 3 3
I2 = M2R2 = (– R 2 )R2 I2 = – R4
2 2 2
Now I = I1 + I2
4 3 13
I = 8 R – R4 I= R 4
2 2
Ex.13 A uniform disc of radius R has a round disc of radius R/3 cut as shown in Fig. The mass
of the remaining (shaded) portion of the disc equals M. Find the moment of inertia of
such a disc relative to the axis passing through geometrical centre of original disc and
perpendicular to the plane of the disc.
O
3
R/
Sol. Let the mass per unit area of the material of disc
be . Now the empty space can be considered as
having density –  and .
Now I0 = I + I– 
(R2)R2/2 = M.I of  about O
– (R / 3) 2 (R / 3) 2
I– =  [– (R / 3) 2 ]( 2R / 3) 2
2
= M.I of –  about 0
4
 I0 = R 4 Ans.
9
5. TORQUE :
Torque represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of the
body
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Line of action
of force
P F
r
r sin
Q
5.1 Torque about point :

   
Torque of force F about a point   r F

where F = force applied
P = point of application of force
Q = point about which we want to calculate the torque.

r = position vector of the point of application of force from the point about which we
want to determine the torque.

  rF sin  = rF = rF
where  = angle between the direction of force and the position vector of P wrt. Q.
r = perpendicular distance of line of action of force from point Q.
F = force arm
SI unit to torque is Nm
Torque is a vector quantity and its direction is determined using right hand thumb rule.
Ex.14 A particle of mass M is released in vertical plane from a point P at x = x0 on the x-axis
it falls vertically along the y-axis. Find the torque  acting on the particle at a time t
about origin?
O x0 P
x
 r

Sol.

mg
Torque is produced by the force of gravity

  r F sin  k
or   r F  x 0 mg
Ex.15 Calculate the total torque acting on the body shown in figure about the point O
10N
15N
37°
m
6c
90°
O
4cm
3c
30° m
150°
5N
20N
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15sin37°
10N 15N
37°
m
90°
6c
O
Sol. 4cm 5N
4cm
30° 20N
150°
20sin30°
0 = 15sin37 × 6 + 20 sin 30° × 4 – 10 × 4

= 54 + 40 – 40 = 54 N-cm
0 = 0.54 N-m
Ex.16 A particle having mass m is projected with a velocity

v0 from a point P on a horizontal ground making an
angle  with horizontal. Find out the torque about V0
the point of projection acting on the particle when

(a) it is at its maximum height ?
P Q
(b) It is just about to hit the ground back ?
Sol.
(a) Particle is at maximum height then  about point P is  p  r F v0
R r
mg
F = mg ; r 
2 
R v 20 sin 2 P
 P = mg = mg 
2 2g
mv 20 sin 2
p =
2
(b) when particle is at point Q then  about point P is  p'  rF
r  R ; F = mg Q
P
v 02 sin2 mg
 p'  mgR = mg
g
Ex.17 In the previous question, during the motion of particle from P to Q. Torque of
gravitational force about P is :
(A) increasing (B) decreasing
(C) remains constant (D) first increasing then decreasing
Sol. Torque of gravitational force about P is increasing because r is increasing from O to R.
(Range)
5.2 Torque about axis :

  
  r F

where  = torque acting on the body about the axis of rotation

r = position vector of the point of application of force about the axis of rotation.
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
F = force applied on the body..
   
 net   1   2   3 .....
To understand the concept of torque about axis we
take a general example which comes out in daily life.
Figure shows a door ABCD. Which can rotate about axis
AB. Now if we apply force. F at point.
A D
r × y
x
B C
in inward direction then AB = r F and direction of this

AB is along y axis from right hand thumb rule. Which is
parallel to AB
so gives the resultant torque.
Now we apply force at point C in the direction as shown
 
figure. At this time r & F are perpendicular to each other
which gives
 AB  rF
But door can’t move when force is applied in this direction because the direction of  AB is
perpendicular to AB according to right hand thumb rule.
So there is no component of  along AB which gives res  0

Now conclude Torque about axis is the component of r  F parallel to axis of rotation.
Note : The direction of torque is calculated using right hand thumb rule and it is always
perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the body.
F2
r2
F3 r3 × r1 F1
If F1 or F2 is applied to body, body revolves in anti-clockwise direction and F3 makes body

revolve in clockwise direction. If all three are applied.

 resul tan t  F1r1  F2r2 – F3 r3 (in anti-clockwise direction)
6. BODY IS IN EQUILIBRIUM : -
We can say rigid body is in equillibrium when it is in
(a) Translational equilibrium

i.e. Fnet  0
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Fnet x = 0 and Fnet y = 0 and

(b) Rotational equillibrium

 net  0
i.e., torque about any point is zero
Note :
(i) If net force on the body is zero then net torque of the forces may or may not be zero.
example.
A pair of forces each of same magnitude and acting in opposite direction on the rod.
F
A B C
2
F
 A  2F
(2) If net force on the body is zero then torque of the forces about each and every point is same
 about B  B  F  + F
 B  2F
 about C  C  2F
Ex.18 Determine the point of application of third force for which body is in equillibrium when
forces of 20 N & 30 N are acting on the rod as shown in figure
20N
A 10cm C 20cm B
30N
Sol. Let the magnitude of third force is F, is applied in upward direction then the body is in the
equilibrium when

(i) Fnet  0 (Translational Equillibrium)
 20 + F = 30  F = 10 N
So the body is in translational equilibrium when 10 N force act on it in upward direction.
(ii) Let us assume that this 10 N force act. 10N
Then keep the body in rotational equilibrium 20N
x
So Torque about C = 0
i.e. c = 0 A C 20cm B
 30 × 20 = 10 x
30N
x = 60 cm
so 10 N force is applied at 70 cm from point A to keep the body in equilibrium.
Ex.19 Determine the point of application of force, when forces are acting on the rod as shown in
figure.
10N
5N
5cm 5cm
3N
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
Sol. Since the body is in equillibrium so we conclude F net  0 and torque about any point is zero

i.e., 
net  0
10N
5N 6
F2 x 37°
A  8N
F
F1 3N
Let us assume that we apply F force downward at A angle  from the horizontal, at x distance
from B

From F net  0
 Fnet x = 0 which gives
F2 = 8 N
From Fnet y = 0  5 + 6 = F1 + 3
 F1 = 8 N
If body is in equillibrium then torque about point B is zero.
 3 × 5 + F1. x – 5 × 10 = 0
 15 + 8x – 50 = 0
35
x=  x = 4.375 cm
9
Ex.20 A uniform rod length , mass m is hung from two strings of equal length from a ceiling
as shown in figure. Determine the tensions in the strings ?
/4
A B
Sol. Let us assume that tension in left and right string is TA and TB respectively. Then
 
Rod is in equilibrium then Fnet  0 & net  0

From Fnet  0
mg = TA + TB ...(1)
From net = 0 about A TA TB
 /2  /4
 3
mg  TB  0 A B
2 4
mg
2mg
 TB =
3
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2mg mg
from eq. (1) TA  = mg  TA =
3 3
Ladder Problems :
Ex.21 A stationary uniform rod of mass ‘m’, length ‘’ leans against a smooth vertical wall
making an angle  with rough horizontal floor. Find the normal force & frictional force
that is exerted by the floor on the rod?
smooth

rough
Sol. As the rod is stationary so the linear acceleration and angular acceleration of rod is zero.
i.e., acm = 0 ;  = 0.
A
N2 = f N2
 acm =0
N = mg
1
N1
mgcos 
Torque about any point of the rod should also be zero
=0 
mg 
 B
A = 0  mg cos  + f  sin  = N1 cos . 
2 f
Free Body Diagram
mgcos 
N1 cos  = sin  f +
2
mgcos  mgcot 
f= =
2 sin  2
Ex.22 The ladder shown in figure has negligible mass and rests on a frictionless floor. The
crossbar connects the two legs of the ladder at the middle. The angle between the two
legs is 60°. The fat person sitting on the ladder has a mass of 80 kg. Find the contanct
force exerted by the floor on each leg and the tension in the crossbar.
W
1m
60°
N T N
1m °
30
Sol. The forces acting on different parts are shown in figure. Consider the vertical equilibrium of
“the ladder plus the person” system. The forces acting on this system are its weight (80 kg)
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g and the contact force N + N = 2 N due to the floor. Thus

2 N = (80 kg) g or N = (40 kg) (9.8 m/s2) = 392 N
Next consider the equilibrium of the left leg of the ladder. Taking torques of the forces acting on
it about the upper end,
2 2
N (2m) tan 30° = T (1m) or T=N = (392 N) × = 450 N
3 3
Ex.23 A thin plank of mass m and length  is pivoted at one end and it is held stationary in
horizontal position by means of a light thread as shown in the figure then find out the
force on the pivot.
Sol. Free body diagram of the plank is shown in figure. N2 T

 Plank is in equilibrium condition
So Fnet & net on the plank is zero N1 O A
(i) from Fnet = 0 mg
 Fnet x = 0
N1 = 0
Now Fnet  0
y
 N2 + T = mg ...(i)
from net = 0
 net about point A is zero
so N2 .  = mg . /2
mg
 N2 
2
Ex.24 A square plate is hinged as shown in figure and it is held stationary by means of a light
thread as shown in figure. Then find out force exerted by the hinge.
square plate
T
Sol. F.B.D.
 Body is in equilibrium and
N
T and mg force passing through one line so
from net = 0, N=0
mg
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7. RELATION BETWEEN TORQUE AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION

The angular acceleration of a rigid body is directly proportional to the sum of the torque
components along the axis of rotation. The proportionality constant is the inverse of the
moment of inertia about that axis, or


I
Thus, for a rigid body we have the rotational analog of Newton's second law ;
   I ...(iii)
Following two points are important regarding the above equation.
(i) The above equation is valid only for rigid bodies. If the body is not rigid like a rotating tank
of water, the angular acceleration  is different for different particles.
(ii) The sum  in the above equation includes only the torques of the external forces,
because all the internal torques add to zero.
Ex.25 A uniform rod of mass m and length  can rotate in vertical plane about a smooth
horizontal axis hinged at point H.

×
H A
(i) Find angular acceleration  of the rod just after it is released from initial horizontal position
from rest?
(ii) Calculate the acceleration (tangential and radial) of point A at this moment.
Sol. (i) H = IH 
 m 2 3g
mg. =  =
2 3 2
3g 3g
(ii) aA = a = . =
2 2
aCA = 2r = 0. = 0 (  = 0 just after release)
Ex.26 A uniform rod of mass m and length  hinged at point H can rotate in vertical plane
about a smooth horizontal axis. Find force exerted by the hinge just after the rod is
released from rest, from an initial position making an angle of 37° with horizontal ?

37°
×
H
Sol. Just After releasing at 37º from horizontal F.B.D. of plank 
from net = I
N1
R 37º
 m 2
 about point A = A = mg cos 37° = . mg mgcos 37º
2 3
A N2
6g
= rad/sec2
5
Now Tangential acceleration of centre of mass
3g
m / s2

at = . =
2 5
just after release vcm = 0  ar = 0
Now resolving of at in horizontal and vertical direction as shwon in figure
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9g
a t || 
25 N1
N1 37°
R 3g/5 mg
12g N2
N2 a t 
25
from Fnet = ma in both horizontal and vertical direction
 9g  13mg
N2= m   N1 =
25 25
Now R= N12  N22
mg 10
R=
5
PULLEY BLOCK SYSTEM
If there is friction between pulley and string and pulley have some mass then tension is
different on two sides of the pulley.
Reason : To understand this concept we take a pulley block system as shown in figure.

B R
C
T1
A D a M>m
a
M m
Let us assume that tension induced in part AB of the string is T1 and block M move downward.
If friction is present between pulley and string then it opposes the relative slipping between
pulley and string, take two point e and f on pulley and string respectively. If friction is there
then due to this, both points wants to move together. So friction force act on e and d in the
direction as shown is figure
This friction force f acting on point d increases the tension T2
T1 by a small amount dT.
f
Then T1 = T2 + dT
or we can say T2 = T1 – f d e C
f
In this way the tension on two side of pulley is different
If there is no relative slipping between pulley and string T1
at a
then   =
R R
Ex.27 The pulley shown in figure has moment of inertia l about its axis and radius R. Find the
acceleration of the two blocks. Assume that the string is light and does not slip on the
pulley.
Sol. Suppose the tension in the left string is T1 and that in the right string is T2. Suppose the block
of mass M goes down with an acceleration a and the other block moves up with the same
acceleration. This is also the tangential acceleration of the rim of the wheel as the string
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does not slip over the rim.
a
The angular acceleration of the wheel  = .
R
The equations of motion for the mass M,
the mass m and the pulley are as follows ; R
Mg – T1 = Ma ...(i)
T2 – mg = ma ...(ii)
m
Ia
T1R – T2R = I = ...(iii) M
R
Substituting for T1 and T2 from equations (i) and (ii) in equation (iii)
Ia
[M(g – a) – m (g + a)]R =
R
Solving, we get
(M – m)gR2
a=
I  (M  m)R2
8. ANGULAR MOMENTUM
8.1 Angular momentum of a particle about a point.
  
L  r P  L = r p sin 

|L|  r  P

|L|  P  r Pcos 
 
Where P = momentum of partilcle 
P

r = position of vector of particle with respect to point about which 
r P sin
angular momentum is to be calculated.
 
 = angle between vectors r & p
O
r = perpendicular distance of line of motion of particle from point O.
P = perpendicular component of momentum.
SI unit of angular momentum is kgm2/sec.
Ex.28 A particle of mass m is moving along the line y = b, z = 0 with constant speed v. State
whether the angular momentum of particle about origin is increasing, decreasing or
constant.
 y P 
Sol. | L |  mvr sin  v
= mvr 
r r  b
mvb
 
 | L | = constant as m, v and b all are constants. O
X
 
Direction of r  v also remains the same. Therefore, angular momentum of particle about
origin remains constant with due course of time.

Note : In this problem | r | is increasing,  is decreasing but r sin , i.e., b remains constant. Hence,
the angular momentum remains constant.
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Ex.29 A particle of mass m is projected with velocity v at an angle  with the horizontal. Find
its angular momentum about the point of projection when it is at the highest point of
its trajectory.
Sol. At the highest point it has only horizontal velocity
vx = v cos . Length of the perpendicular to the y
horizontal velocity from 'O' is the maximum height,
where
v 2 sin 2 
Hmax 
2g H
mv 3 sin 2  cos  O x
 Angular momentum L =
2g
8.2 Angular Momentum of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis

Suppose a particle P of mass m is going in a circle of radius r and at some instant the speed
of the particle is v. For finding the angular momentum of the particle about the axis of
rotation, the origin may be chosen anywhere on the axis. We choose it at the centre of the
 
circle. In this case  
r and P are perpendicular to each other and r  P is along the axis.
 
Thus, component of r  P along the axis is mvr itself. The angular momentum of the whole
rigid body about AB is the sum of components of all particles, i.e.,
L= m r v i i i
i
Here, vi = ri 
2 2
 L= m r i i  i or L =  m r i i
i i
or L = I
Here, I is the moment of inertia of the rigid body about AB.

Note : Angular momentum about axis is the component of I along the axis. In most of the cases
angular momentum about axis is I.
Ex.30 Two small balls A and B, each of mass m, are attached rigidly to the ends of a light rod
of length d. The structure rotates about the perpendicular bisector of the rod at an
angular speed . Calculate the angular momentum of the individual balls and of the
system about the axis of rotation.
d
Sol. A
O B
Consider the situation shown in figure. The velocity of the ball A with respet to the centre O
d
is v = .
2
The angular momentum of the ball with respect to the axis is
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 d   d  1
L1 = mvr = m    = md2. The same the angular momentum L2 of the second ball. The
 2   2 4
angular momentum of the system is equal to sum of these two angular momenta i.e., L = 1/2
md2.
9. CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM :
The time rate of change of angular momentum of a particle about some referenence point in
an inertial frame of reference is equal to the net torques acting on it.

 dL
or net  ....(i)
dt
 
 dL
Now, suppose that  net  0 , then  0 , so that L = constant.
dt
"When the resultant external torque acting on a system is zero, the total vector angular
momentum of the system remains constant. This is the principle of the conservation of
angular momentum.
For a rigid body rotating about an axis (the z-axis, say) that is fixed in an inertial reference
frame, we have
Lz = I
It is possible for the moment of inertia I of a rotating body to change by rearrangement of its
parts. If no net external torque acts, then Lz must remains constant and if I does change,
there must be a compensating change in . The principle of conservation of angular momentum
in this case is expressed.
I = constant.
Ex.31 A wheel of moment of inertia I and radius R is rotating about its axis at an angular
speed 0. It picks up a stationary particle of mass m at its edge. Find the new angular
speed of the wheel.
Sol. Net external torque on the system is zero. Therefore, angular momentum will remain conserved.
Thus,
I1 1
I11 = I22 or 2 = I
2
Here, I1 = I, 1 = 0, I2 = I + mR2
I 0
 2 =
I  mR 2
Note :
A Hinge
m
u u
O O
m m m
Case I Case II
Comments on Linear Momentum :

In case I : Linear momentum is not conserved just before and just after collision because during
collision hinge force act as an external force.
In case II : Linear momentum is conserved just before and just after collision because no external
force on the string.
Comments on Angular Momentum :
In case I : Hinge force acts at an external force during collision but except point A all the other
reference point given net  0. So angular momentum is conserved only for point A.
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In case II : angular momentum is conserved at all points in the world.
Ex.32 A uniform rod of mass m and length  can rotate freely on a smooth horizontal plane
about a vertical axis hinged at point H. A point mass having same mass m coming with
an initial speed u perpendicular to the rod, strikes the rod in-elastically at its free end.
Find out the angular velocity of the rod just after collision?
m, 
×
H
u
m
Sol. Angular momentum is conserved about H because no external force is present in horizontal
plane which is producing torque about H.
 m 2 2
 3u
mu =  3  m    w =
  4
Ex.33 A uniform rod of mass m and length  can rotate freely on a smooth horizontal plane
about a vertical axis hinged at point H. A point mass having same mass m coming with
an initial speed u perpendicular to the rod, strikes the rod and sticks to it at a distance
of 3/4 from hinge point. Find out the angular velocity of the rod just after collision?
m, 
H×
m,
Sol. H Initial position
3/4 u
m
from angular momentum conservation about H
initial angular momentum = final angular momentum
2 2
3  3  ml
m. u  m   + 
4  4 3
m, 
3mu 1 9  H
  m 2    m
4  3 16 
3u  16  27 
 
4   48 
36 u
 
43 
Ex.34 A uniform rod AB of mass m and length 5a is free to rotate on a smooth horizontal
table about a pivot through P, a point on AB such that AP = a. A particle of mass 2m
moving on the table strikes AB perpendicularly at the point 2a from P with speed v, the
1
rod being at rest. If the coefficient of restitution between them is , find their speeds
4
immediately after impact.
Sol. Let the point of impact be Q so that
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PQ = 2a
Let P be the point of pivot that AP = a
5a
Pm Q
A B
C v
a
2m
Before Collision
Let the velocities of point, Q and the particle after impact
be vq and vp respectively then from momentum conservation about point P.
Li = Lf
2a(2mv) = Ip + (2a) (2mvp) ...(i)  Vq
P
2 2 C Q
1  5a   3a  use parallel 
IP  m   m     3a/2
3  2  2 axis theorem Vp
After Collision
13 ma 2
 ...(ii)
3
use equation (ii) in equation (i)
13 ma2
4ma(v – vp) = 
3
12(v – vp) = 13a ....(iii)
velocity of seperation
coefficient of restitution e =
velocity of approach
1 vq  vp

4 v
v
 vq – vp = ...(iv)
4
vq = 2a ...(v)
Put value of  from eq (iii) to equation (v)
 12 
vq  2   (v  vp )
 13 
So now from equation (iv)
24 v 83 v
( v – vp )  v p   vp 
13 4 148
15 v
So in this way we get  
37 a
Ex.35 A person of mass m stands at the edge of a circular platform of radius R and moment
of inertia. A platform is at rest initially. But the platform rotate when the person jumps
off from the platform tangentially with velocity u with respect to platfrom. Determine
the angular velocity of the platform.
Sol. Let the angular velocity of platform is . Then the velocity of person with respect to ground
v.
vmD = vmG – VDG

u = vm + R R
vm = u –  R M
Now from angular momentum conservation
R
Li = Lf
0 = mvmR – I 
 I  = m (u –  R) . R u
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muR
 =
I  mR 2
Ex.36 Consider the situation of previous example. If the platform is rotating intially with
angular velocity 0 and then person jumps off tangentially. Determine the new angular
velocity of the platform.
Sol. Let the angular velocity of platfrom after jumps off the mass is . Then velocity Of man.
0

R
R
u
Initially
vm = vmp + vp
vm = u – R
From Angular momentum conservation
(I + mR2) 0 = I  – m (u –  R) R
I0 + mR2 0 = I  – m u R + m  R2
(I  mR 2 )0  mu R
 
(I  mR 2 )
10. ANGULAR IMPULSE

t2 
The angular impulse of a torque in a given time interval is defined as   dt
t1
Here, 
 is the resultant torque acting on the body. Further, since

 dL 
     dt  d L
dt
t2   
or  dt = angular impulse = L 2 – L 1
 t1
Thus, the angular impulse of the resultant torque is equal to the change in angular momentum.
Let us take few examples based on the angular impulse.
Ex.37 Figure shows two cylinders of radii r1 and r2 having moments of inertia I1 and I2 about
their respective axes. Initially, the cylinders rotate about their axes with angular speeds
1 and 2 as shown in the figure. The cylinders are moved closer to touch each other
keeping the axes parallel. The cylinders first slip over each other at the contact but the
slipping finally ceases due to the friction between them. Find the angular speeds of
the cylinders after the slipping ceases.
2
1
r I1 r I2
1 2
Sol. When slipping ceases, the linear speeds of the points of contact of the two cylinders will be
equal. If  1 ' and  2 ' be the respective angular speeds, we have
 1 ' r1   2 ' r2 .....(i)
The change in the angular speed is brought about by the frictional force which acts as long
as the slipping exists. If this force f acts for a time t, the torque on the first cylinder is fr1 and
that on the second is f r2. Assuming 1 r1 > 2 r2, the corresponding angular impluses are – f
r1 t and f r2 t. We, therefore, have
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– f r1 t = I 1 (  1 '   1 )
and f r2 t = I 2 (  2 '   2 )
I1 I
or, – ( 1 '– 1 ) = 2 ( 2 '– 2 ) ...(ii)
r1 r2
Solving (i) and (ii),
I1 1r2  I2  2r1 I1 1r2  I2  2r1
 1' = r2 and  2 '  r1
I2r12  I1r22 I2r12  I1r22
Kinetic Energy of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis.
Suppose a rigid body is rotating about a fixed axis with angular speed . 
Then, kinetic energy of the rigid body will be :
ri
1 1 mi
K=  mi v i2 =  mi (ri ) 2
i
2 i
2
1 2 2 1 2
= 2 m r
i
i i =
2
I (as m ri i
2
 I)
i
1 2
Thus, KE =I
2
Sometimes it is called the rotational kinetic energy.
Ex.38 A uniform rod of mass m and length  is kept vertical with the lower end clamped. It is
slightly pushed to let it fall down under gravity. Find its angular speed when the rod is
passing through its lowest position. Neglect any friction at the clamp. What will be the
linear speed of the free end at this instant?
Sol. As the rod reaches its lowest position, the centre of mass is lowered by a distance . Its
gravitational potential energy is decreased by mg. As no energy is lost against friction, this
should be equal to the increase in the kinetic energy. As the rotation occurs about the
horizontal axis through the clamped end, the moment of inertia is I = m 2/3. Thus,
1 2 1  m 2  2
I  mg     = mg 
2 2  3  
6g 
–
or =

The linear speed of the free end is
v =  = 6g
11. COMBINED TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL MOTION OF A RIGID BODY :
We have already learnt about translational motion caused by a force and rotational motion
about a fixed axis caused by a torque. Now we are going to discuss a motion in which body
undergoes translational as well as rotational motion. Rolling is an example of such motion. If
the axis of rotation is moving then the motion is combined translational and rotational motion.
To understand the concept of combined translational and rotational motion we consider a
uniform disc rolling on a horizontal surface. Velocity of its centre of mass is Vcom and its
angular speed is  as shown in figure.
R A v
Let us take a point A on the disc and concentrate on its motion.
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Path of point A with respect to ground will be a cycloid as shown in figure.
A

v A A
A A
Motion of point A with respect to center of mass is pure rotational while center of mass itself
is moving in a straight line. So for the analysis of rolling motion we deal translational motion
seperately and rotational motion seperately and then we combine the result to analyses the
over all motion.
The velocity of any point A on the rigid body can be obtained as
  
VA  VCOM  VA COM

| VCOM |  V

| V A.COM | r in the direction  to line OA
 
Thus, the velocity of point A is the vector sum of VCOM and VP.COM as shown in figure

r VA O
A VCOM
Important points in combined Rotational + translation motion :

1. Velocity of any point of the rigid body in combined R + T motion is the vector sum of
v(velocity of centre of mass) and r
for example
A disc of radius r has linear velocity v and angular velocity  as shown in figure then find
velocity of point A. B, C, D on the disc
C
r
B v
D

A
We divide our problem in two parts
(1) Pure Rotational + (2) Pure Translational
about centre of mass.
C
r
r v
B D
v v
r +
r
r A
v
Then combine the result of above both
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r C v  r
)2
r
(
2
D
v
B v
v  (r )2
2
A v – r
r
2. In combined rotational and translational motion angular velocity of any point of a

rigid body with respect to other point in the rigid body is always same.
For example :
C
2v
v
2v
v D
B v D
v
2r
r (v = r)
2v 2v
v=0
v
A A
2v v
Now for DA DA = =
2r r
C 2v
For CA : 2R
A
2v v
CA = =
2r r
For DB :
2v
2r D
B
vDB = 2v 2v
2v
2v
2v v
 DB = =
2r r
3. Distance moved by the centre of mass of the rigid body in one full rotation is 2R.
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This can be shown as under :

In one rotation angular displacement  = 2 = t
 2 
s = v . T = ( R)    2R
 
In forward slipping s > 2R (as v > R)
and in backward slipping s < 2R (as v < R)
t
4. The speed of a point on the circumference of the body at any instant t is 2R sin
2
Proof :
vxp = v – v cos  = v[1 – cos ] 
vyp = v sin 

| v p |  v 2 sin2   v 2 (1 – cos ) 2 v = R v

v= 2 v 2 – 2 v 2 cos  P v
= 2v(1 – cos )1/ 2
 t   ωt 
= 2v sin    = 2 v sin  = 2R  sin 
 2  2   2 
5. The path of a point on circumference is a cycloid and the distance moved by this point
in one full rotation is 8R.
A3
A2 A4
A1 A5
In the figure, the dotted line is a cycloid and the distance A1 A2 ......A5 is 8R. This can be
proved as under.
According to point (3), speed of point A at any moment is,
 t 
vA = 2R sin  
2
Distance moved by A in time dt is,
c c
 t  v
ds = vA dt = 2R sin   dt  A 
2
A t=t
Therefore, total distance moved in one full rotation is, t=0
T  2 / 
S=  ds
0
T  2 / 
 t 
or S=  2 R sin  dt
 2
0
On integration we get, s = 8R
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6. x and y coordinates of the bottommost point at any time t.

At time t the bottommost point will rotate an angle  = t with respect to the centre of the
disc C. The centre C will travel a distance s = vt.
In the figure, PQ = R sin  = R sin t y
CQ = R cos = R cost
Coordinates of point P at time t are,
C C
R

x = OM – PQ = vt – R sin t P Q
and y = CM – CQ = R – R cos t O M
 (x, y)  (vt – R sin t, R – R cos t) s=vt
11.1 Angular momentum of a rigid body in combined rotation and translation
COM

 v0

r0
O
Let O be a fixed point in an inertial frame of reference. Angular momentum of the body about
O is.
   
L  L cm  M( r 0  v 0 )

The first term L cm represents the angular momentum of the body as seen from the centre of
 
mass frame. The second term M( r 0  v 0 ) equals the angular momentum of centre of mass
about point O.
Ex.39 A circular disc of mass m and radius R is set into motion on a horizontal floor with a
v
linear speed v in the forward direction and an angular speed   in clockwise direction
R
as shown in figure. Find the magnitude of the total angular momentum of the disc
about bottommost point O of the disc.
   
Sol. L  L cm  m( r0  v 0 ) ...(i)
 v
Here, L cm  I (perpendicular to paper inwards)

1 2  v  O
  mR   
2  R

1 r0
 mvR
2
 
and m( r0  v 0 )  mRv (perpendicular to paper inwards) 90º 
v0
Since, both the terms of right hand side of Eq. (i) are in the
same direction.
O
 1
 | L | mvR  mvR
2
 3
or | L | mvR Ans.
2
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11.2 Kinetic Energy of a Rolling Body

If a body of mass M is rolling on a plane such that velocity of its centre of mass is V and its
angular speed is , its kinetic energy is given by
1 1
KE = Mv 2  I  2
2 2
I is moment of inertia of body about axis passing through centre of mass.
In case of rolling without slipping.
1 1
KE = M  2 R2 + I  2 [ v = R]
2 2
1 1
 MR2  I  2
  = Ic  2
2 2
Ic is moment of inertia of the body about the axis passing through point of contact.
Ex.40 A uniform rod of mass M and length a lies on a smooth horizontal plane. A particle of
mass m moving at a speed v perpendicular to the length of the rod strikes it at a
distance a/4 from the centre and stops after the collision. Find (a) the velocity of the
centre of the rod and (b) the angular velocity of the rod about its centre just after the
collision.
r0
A a A v
a/4
Sol.
(a) (b)
The situation is shown in figure. Consider the rod and the particle together as the system. As
there is no external resultant force, the linear momentum of the system will remain constant.
Also there is no resultant external torque on the system and so the angular momentum of the
system about any line will remain constant.
Suppose the velocity of the centre of the rod is V and the angular velocity about the centre
is .
(a) The linear momentum before the collision is mv and that after the collision is MV. Thus,
m
mv = MV, or V = v
M
(b) Let A be the centre of the rod when it is at rest. Let AB be the line perpendicular to the
plane of the figure. Consider the angular momentum of "the rod plus the particle" system
about AB. Initially the rod is at rest. The angular momentum of the particle about AB is
L = mv(a/4)
After the collision, the particle mass to rest. The angular momentum of the rod about A is
   
L  L cm  M( r 0  V )
   
As r 0 || V , r0  V  0
 
Thus, L  L cm
Hence the angular momentum of the rod about AB is
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Ma 2
L  I  
12
mva Ma 2 3mv
Thus,   or, =
4 12 Ma
Ex.41 A uniform rod of length  lies on a smooth horizontal table A particle moving on the
table has a mass m and a speed v before the collision and it sticks to the rod after the
collision. The rod has a mass M then find out.
(a) The moment of inertia of the system about the vertical axis passing through the centre
of mass C after the collision.
(b) The velocity of the centre of mass C and the angular velocity of the system about the
centre of mass after the collision.
Sol. Figure shows the situation of system just before and just after collision.
Initially the centre of mass of the rod is at point O. After collision when the particle sticks to
the rod. Centre of mass is shifted from point O to C as shown in figure. Now the system is
rotated about axis passing through C
v A M
1 
m 2(m  M)
v'
/2 C m
 2 
2(M  m)
O M O
 /2
M
Before collision After collision
Now from linear momentum conservation
mv
mv = (M + m) v  v' 
Mm
(a) Let us assume that moment of inertia of the system about C is 1. Then I  I(rod)C  I(part ) C
I  I0  M 22  m 21
M 2 Mm2  2 mM2  2 M(M  4m) 2

I  2
 2  I 
12 4(m  M) 4(m  M) 12(m  M)
(b) From Angular momentum conservation about A
Li = Lf
0 + 0 = I  – (m + M) v 1  I = (m + M) v 1
Put the value of I, v, & 1 we get
6mv
=
(M  4m)
11.3 Acceleration of a point on the circumference of the body in R + T motion :

(A) Both  & v are constant :
C 
r
 2r
D
 2r  2r
2
 r
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(B) When  is constant and v is variable.
 
v1, a v2= v1+at
t=0 t=t
So acceleration of different point on the body is given by following figure.
a
2
 r  2r
 2r 2
 r
a a
+  2r = a  2r
 2r 2
 r
(Translational) (Rotational) a
(Combined R + T)
(C) When  is variable and v is constant :

   i  t
 i ,
v v
t=0 t=t
So acceleration of different point on the body is given by following way
R
 R 2
 R
 2r  2R
 2r a=0
2  2R
 2r   R
 2r R
R
(D) When both  & v are variable :

 i,   f   i  t
v1, a v2=v1+at
time t =0 time t =t
Now the net acceleration of different points on the rigid body is given by following way.
R a
R R
R  2r
 2R  2r
 2R =
a + a
2  2R  2
r
 R R
R R a
R
(Translational) (combined Rotational
(Rotational)
+ Translational)
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Ex.42 A force F acts at the centre of a thin spherical shell of mass m and radius R.
Find the acceleration of the shell if the surface is smooth. N
Sol.  Force F, mg & N passes through centre so
net = 0, i.e., body is in rotational equilibrium F
R
 F
But F net  F so body moves with constant acceleration a =
m mg
Ex.43 In a previous problem if force F applied at a distance x above the centre then find out
linear and angular acceleation.
Sol. This force F translate the body linearly as well as rotate it. So,
Net toruqe about O it 0 = Fx
N
From rotational motion 0 = I 
 Fx F
  3Fx x R
I 2MR2   O a
2
3 2MR mg
From linear motion of sphere smooth
F
F = ma  a=
m
Ex.44 A rigid body of mass m and radius r starts coming down an inclined plane of inclination
. Then find out the acceleration of centre of mass if friciton is absent.
Sol. Friction is absent so body is moving down the incline with out
rolling so acceleration of centre of mass is g sin 

in
gs

12. UNIFORM PURE ROLLING
Pure rolling means no relative motion (or no slipping at point of contact between two bodies.)
For example, consider a disc of radius R moving with linear velocity v and angular velocity 
on a horizontal ground. The disc is said to be moving without slipping if velocities of points P and
Q (shown in figure b) are equal, i.e.,
v 
COM

R P
v
Q
(a) (b)
vp = vQ
or v – R = 0 or v = R
If vp > vQ or v > R, the motion is said to be forward slipping and if vp < vQ < R, the motion
is said to be backward slipping.
Now, suppose an external force is applied to the rigid body, the motion will no longer remain
uniform. The condition of pure rolling on a stationary ground is,
a = R
Thus, v = R, a = R is the condition of pure rolling on a stationary ground. Sometime it is
simply said rolling.
Note : We can represent the moment of inertia of a different rigid body in a following way.
I = CMR2
1
value of C = 1 for circular ring (R), C = for circular disc (D) and solid cylinder (S.C.)
2
2 2
C= for Hollow sphere (H.S) , C= for solid sphere (S.S)
3 5
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Ex.45 A rigid body I = CMR2 is set into a motion on a rough horizontal surface with a linear
speed v0 in the forward direction at time t = 0 as shown in figure. After what time
slipping finally stop and pure rolling starts. Find the linear speed of the body after it
starts pure rolling on the surface.
v0
O
R
at t = 0
Sol. According to the given condition in problem the point P in the body move with speed v0 while
the point Q on the ground is at rest. So the friciton acts on the body is in backward direction
which gives the resultant torque on the body and increase the angualr speed  as shown in
figure.
1 1
v1   1R
v0 O v1 v1 v1 R
O O
P  1R
f v0 v1 R v1
f
(kinetic) Q (kinetic) friction
Q Q
at t = 0 at t = t1 static
at t = t
As shown in above figure initially v > R so forward slipping takes place. After introducing the
friciton speed decreases and  increases and at time t = t the relation v = r  is satisfied.
Therefore pure rolling starts. Initially the friciton is kinetic untill the motion is in slipping
condition. Afterwards at v = r fricition is static. We divide the above problem in two parts.
(1) Translational Motion :
Linear acceleration a = – g
So after time t, v = v0 – gt ...(1)
(2) Rotational Motion :
From net = I 
Only friction force is responsible for providing torque. So torque about O is
f. R = I 
mgR = CmR2 ...(2)
 is angular acceleration of the body
μg
from eq. (2) =
CR
from f = i +  t
g
 = t   = .t
CR
v
= at pure rolling condition.
R
μgt
So, v= ...(3)
C
from eq. (1) & (3)
μgt v 0C
 v0 – gt =  t= ...(4)
C μg(1  C)
Equation (4) gives the time after the pure rolling starts.
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Put the value from eq. (4) to eq. (1)
v 0C v0
v = v0 –  v= ...(5)
(1  C) 1 C
Equation (5) gives the linear speed at pure rolling situation.

Alternate solution :
Net torque on the body about the bottom most point A is zero. Therefore angular momentum
of the body will remain conserved about the bottom most point
Net torque about A A = 0
v
 from Angular momentum conservation Li = Lf 
R
mv0R = I + mvR
v0 v
v
mv0R = CmR2 + mvR
R
v0 A f A f
v0 = Cv + v  v=
1 C
Ex.46 In the previous problem take rigid body a solid cylinder then find out the work done by
friciton from time t = 0 to t = t (at v = r)
Sol. Let us suppose that in between time t = 0 to t = t cylinder displaced s.
t=0 t=t
v0
v  R
S
Translational work done by friciton + Rotational work Done by friciton
Now calculate each type of work done one by one
(A) Translational work done by friciton :
1
for solid cylinder c =
2
v0 2
from eq. (5) v   v0
1 3
1
2
2
2  2
from eq. v 2f  ui2  2as   v 0   ( v 0 ) – 2gs
3 
5 v 20
s=
18 g
Translation W.D by friciton = – f.s
5 v 20 5mv 20
( w.D) f T  – mg. = –
18 g 18
(B) Rotational W.D. by friciton :
We known that =I

= ...(a)
I
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from  f 2 –  i2  2  
2
 2v 0  2
   .
 3R  I
mR2 v 02m
Put I =  =
2 9
Rotation W.D by friciton W = .
v 20 m
Wf R =
9
5 v 2m
(C) So total W.D. by friciton W = Wf + Wf = – mv 20  0
T R
18 9
mv 20
W= –
6
Alternative Method :
from work – Energy Theorem
work done by friciton = change in kinetic energy
(W.D)f = K = kf – ki
Now
1 1
kf = mv 2f + I 2
2 2
2 2
1  2v 0  1 mR 2  2v 0   2v 0 
kf = m   +    v f  
2  3  2 2  3R   3 
mv 20
kf =
3
1
ki = mv 20
2
mv 20 1 mv 20
So., (w.D)f = – mv 20  ( w.D)f  –
3 2 6
To calculate work done mostly prefer alternative method.
Ex.47 A solid sphere of radius r is gently placed on a rough horizontal ground with an initial
angular speed 0 and no linear velocity. If the coefficient of friciton is , find the linear
velocity v and angular velocity  at the end of slipping.
0
Sol. m be the mass of the sphere.

Since, it is a case of backward slipping, force of
friction is in forward direction. Limiting friciton will
act in this case.
Net torque on the sphere about the bottommost
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point is zero. Therefore, angular momentum of

the sphere will remain conserved about the
bottommost point.
Li = Lf v
 I0 = I + mrv 0 fmax 0
2 2 2
or mr  0 = mr 2   mr (r )
5 5
2 2
 =  0 and v = r = r 0
7 7
12.1 Pure rolling when force F act on a body :
Suppose a force F is applied at a distance x above the centre of a rigid body of radius R, mass
M and moment of inertia CMR2 about an axis passing through the centre of mass. Now, the
applied force F can produces by itself
(i) a linear acceleration a and
(ii) an angular acceleration 
If a = R, then there is no need of friction and force of friction f = 0,
If a < R, then to support the linear momentum the force of friciton f will act in forward
direction,
Similarly, if a > R, then no support the angular motion the force of friciton will act in
backward direction.
So, in this case force of friction will be either backward, forward or even zero also. It all
depends on M, I and R. For calculation you choose any direction of friction. Let we assume it
in forward direction.
Let, a = linear acceleration, 
 = angualr acceleration
F
from linear motion x
F + f = Ma ...(1) C a
from rotational motion.
Fx – f R = I  f
a
Fx – f R = CMR2.
R
Fx – f R = CMaR ...(2)
from eq. (1) and (2)
F(x+r) = MaR (C + 1)
F(R  x )
a= ...(3)
MR(C  1)
Put the value from eq. (3) to eq. (1)
F(x – RC)
f=
R(C  1)
f should be   s mg for pure rolling
Ex.48 Consider the arrangment shown in figure. The string is wrapped around a uniform
cylinder which rolls without slipping. The other end of the string is passed over a
massless, frictionless pulley to a falling weight. Determine the acceleration of the falling
mass m in terms of only the mass of the cylinder M, the mass m and g.
M
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Sol. Let T be the tension the string and f the force of (static) friction, between the cylinder and
the surface
a1 = acceleration of centre of mas of cylinder towards right
a2 = downward acceleration of block m
 = angular acceleration of cylinder (clockwise)
Equations of motion are :
For block mg – T = ma2 ...(i)
For cylinder, T + f = Ma1 ...(ii)
( T – f )R

1
MR 2 ...(iii)
2
The string attaches the mass m to the highest point of the cylinder, hence
vm = vCOM + R
Differentiating, we get
a2 = a1 + R ...(iv)
We also have (for rolling without slipping)
a1 = R ...(v)
8mg
Solving these equations, we get a2 
3M  8m
Note : Work done by friction in pure rolling on a stationary ground is zero as the point of application
of the force is at rest. Therefore, machanical energy can be conserved if all other dissipative
forces are ignored.
12.2 Pure Rolling on an Inclined Plane:
A rigid body of radius R, and mass m is released
at rest from height h on the incline whose
inclination with horizontal is  and assume that
 f
friciton is sufficient for pure rolling then.
a = R and v = R
a
From figure
mg sin  – f = ma ...(1) 
in
{Fnet = ma} gs
m
2 a
f.R = cmR . ...(2)
R
{Fnet = I}
from eq. (1) & (2)
g sin
a=
1 c
So body which have low value of C have greater acceleration.
value of C = 1 for circular ring (R)
1
C= for circular disc (D) and solid cylinder (S.C.)
2
2
C= for Hollow sphere (H.S)
3
2
C= for solid sphere (S.S)
5
So, descending order of a
aS.S > aD = aS.C > aH.S. > aR
and order of time of descend is
ts.s < tD = ts.c < tH.S < tR
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Kinetic Eneregy : Work done by friction in pure rolling is zero. Therefore,

Increase in kinetic energy = change in potential energy  K.E. = mgh
i.e., kinetic energy is constant for all rigid body rolling down the incline.
Requirement of Friction :
From eq. ...(2)
f = Cma
mg sin 
f ...(3)
 1
1  
 C
from eq. (3) as the value of C increase requirement of friciton is increases.
Ex.49 A cylinder of mass M is suspended through two strings wrapped around it as shown in
figure. Find the tension in the string and the speed of the cylinder as it falls through a
distance h.
Sol. The portion of the strings between ceiling and cylinder are at rest. Hence the points of the
cylinder where the strings leave it are at rest also. The cylinder is thus rolling without slipping
on the strings. Suppose the centre of cylinder falls with an acceleration a. The angular
acceleration of cylinder about its axis given by
a
= ...(i)
R
as the cylinder does not slip over the strings.
The equation of motion for the centre of mass of cylinder is
Mg – 2T = Ma T T
and for the motion about the centre of mass it is
 MR2  MR2
2T.R =   , where I =
 2  2
mg
MR2 a Ma
2TR=  2T= ...(ii)
2 R 2
From (i) and (ii) on adding
Ma 3a
Mg =  Ma ; g
2 2
2g
a=
3
M 2g Mg
 2T= .  T=
2 3 6
As the centre of cylinder starts moving from rest, the velocity after it has fallen a height h is
given by
 2g  4gh
v2 = 2  h or v =
3 3
Ex.50 A thin massless thread is wound on a reel of mass 3kg and moment of inertia 0.6 kg-
m2. The hub radius is R = 10 cm and peripheral radius is 2R = 20 cm. The reel is placed
on a rough table and the friction is enough to prevent slipping. Find the acceleration of
the centre of reel and of hanging mass of 1 kg.
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2R
R
Sol. Let, a1 = acceleration of centre of mass of reel

a2 = acceleration of 1 kg block
 = angular acceleration of reel (clockwise)
T = tension in the string 
and f = force of friction
Free body diagram of reel is as shown below :
(only horizontal forces are shown). a1
Equations of motion are : T
T – f = 3a1 ...(i) f
 f (2R) – T.R 0.2f – 0.1T f T
   = – ...(ii)
I I 0.6 3 6
Free body diagram of mass is,
Equation of motion is, T
10 – T = a2 ...(iii)
For no slipping condition, a2
a1 = 2R or a1 = 0.2 ...(iv)
and a2 = a1 – R or a2 = a1 – 0.1 ...(v)
Solving the above five equations, we get
a1 = 0.27 m/s2 and a2 = 0.135 m/s2 10N
Ex.51 Determine the maximum horizontal force F that may be applied to the plank of mass
m for which the solid sphere does not slip as it begins to roll on the plank. The sphere
has a mass M and radius R. The coefficient of static and kinetic friction between the
sphere and the plank are s and k respectively.
M
R
m F
Sol. The free body diagrams of the sphere and the plank are as shown below :
Writing equations of motion : 
For sphere : Linear acceleration a1
 sMg
a1 =  sg ...(i)  s Mg
M
Angular acceleration  s Mg a2
F M
(  sMg)R 5  s g
 
2 2 R R
MR 2 ..(ii)
5 B a1  R
For plank : Linear acceleration A a2
m F
F –  sMg
a2  ..(iii)
m
For no slipping acceleration of point B and A is same,
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so : a2 = a1 + R
Solving the above four equation, we get
 7 
F   s g M  m
 2 
 7 
Thus, maximum value of F can be  s g M  m
2
Ex.52 Find out the maximum height attained by the solid sphere on a friciton less track as
shown in figure.
v0
0 
R
R v0
Sol. Let us assume that sphere attain a maximum height H on the track.
0
Final Position
v=0
v0 H
0 
R
R v0
Initial Position
As the sphere move upward speed is decreased due to gravity but there is no force to
change the 0 (friction less track). So from energy conservation
1 1 1
mv 20  I 20 = mg Hmax + I 20
2 2 2
v 20
Hmax =
2g
13. TOPPLING
You might have seen in your practical life that if a force F is applied to a block A of smaller
width it is more likely to topple down, before sliding while if the same force F is applied to an
another block B of broader base, chances of its sliding are more compared to its toppling.
Have you ever throught why it happens so. To understand it better let us take an example.
F F
A B
Suppose a force F is applied at a height b above the base AE of the block. Further, suppose
the friction f is sufficient to prevent sliding. In this case, if the normal reaction N also passes
through C, then despite the fact that the block is in translational equilibium (F = f and N =
mg), an unbalanced torque (due to the couple of forces F and f) is there. This torque has a
tendency to topple the block about point E. To cancel the effect of this unbalanced torque
the normal reaction N is shifted towards right a distance 'a' such that, net anticlockwise
torque is equal to the net clockwise torque or
N
B D
F
C b
f
A E
W=mg
Fb = (mg) a
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Fb
or a=
mg
N N
B D B D
F F
C b C b
a
f f
A E A E
mg mg
(a) (b)
Now, as F or b (or both) are increased, distance a also increases. But it can not go beyond
the right edge of the block. So, in extreme case (beyond which the block will topple down),
the normal reaction passes through E as shown in figure.
Now, if F or b are further increased, the block will topple down. This is why the block having
the broader base has less chances of toppling in comparison to a block of smaller base.
Because the block of larger base has more margin for the normal reaction to shift.
Why the rolling is so easy on the ground.
N
F
mg
Because in this case the normal reaction has zero margin to shift. so even if the body is in
translational equilibrium (F = f, N = mg) an unbalanced torque is left behind and the body
starts rolling clockwise. As soon as the body starts rolling the force of friction is so adjusted
(both in magnitude and direction) that either the pure rolling starts (if friciton is sufficient
enough) or the body starts sliding. Let us take few examples related to toppling.
Ex.53 A uniform block of height h and width a is placed on a rough inclined plane and the
inclination of the plane to the horizontal is gradually increased. If  is the coefficient of
friction then under condition the block will
(A) slide before toppling :
The block will slide when
mg sin  > f
 mg sin  >  mg cos 
 tan  > 
i.e., block is at rest when
tan . ...(1)
(B) Now suppose the friction f is sufficient to prevent sliding. Then we assume that N is shifted
towards downward a distance x to prevent toppling Therefore. torque about O is zero.
h h f
 f. =Nx N
2
xO
h
mg sin . = mg cos .x a
2 
os
tan .h
in
 gc
x= s m
2 g
m
Maximum value of x is a/2 
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a
so to prevent toppling x 
2
tan .h
  a/2
2
a
 tan   ...(2)
h
So, the block topple before sliding from (1) & (2)
a
s >
h
14. INSTANTANEOUS AXIS OF ROTATION

The combined effects of translation of the centre of mass and rotation about an axis through
the centre of mass are equivalent to a pure rotation with the same angular speed about an
axis passing through a point of zero velocity. Such an axis is called the instantaneous axis of
rotation. (IAOR). This axis is always perpendicular to the plane used to represent the motion
and the intersection of the axis with this plane defines the location of instantaneous centre
of zero velocity (IC).

IC
For example consider a wheel which rolls without slipping. In this case the point of contact
with the ground has zero velocity. Hence, this point represents the IC for the wheel. If it is
imagined that the wheel is momentarily pinned at this point, the velocity of any point on the
wheel can be found using v = r. Here r is the distance of the point from IC. Similarly, the
kinetic energy of the body can be assumed to be pure rotational about IAOR or,
P v
vP P
r r 
v vP  r  
r


IC
1
I IAOR 2
K
2
Rotation + Translation  Pure rotation about IAOR passing through IC
1 1 1
KE = mv 2COM  ICOM 2  KE  I IAOR 2
2 2 2
14.1 Location of the IC
If the location of the IC is unknown, it may be determined by using the fact that the relative
position vector extending from the IC to a point is always perpendicular to the velocity of the
point. Following three possibilities exist.
(i) Given the velocity of a point (normally the centre of mass) on the body and the
angular velocity of the body

If v and  are known, the IC is located along the line drawn perpendicular to v at P, such that
v
the distance from P to IC is, r  . Note that IC lie on that side of P which causes rotation

 
about the IC, which is consistent with the direction of motion caused by  and v .
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
P v
IC
Ex.54 A rotating disc moves in the positive direction of the x-axis. Find the equation y(x)
describing the position of the instantaneous axis of rotation if at the initial moment
the centre c of the disc was located at the point O after which it moved with constant
velocity v while the disc started rotating counter clockwise with a constant angular
acceleration . The initial angular velocity is equal to zero.
y
O c v x
x x y
Sol. t and   t 
v v
IC
The position of IAOR will be at a distance y
O c v x
v v
y or y 
 x
v x
v2 v2
or yor xy   constant
x 
This is the desired x-y equation. This equation represents a rectangular hyperbola.
(ii) Given the lines of action of two non-parallel velocities

 
Consider the body shown in figure where the line of action of the velocities v A and v B are
known. Draw perpendiculars at A and B to these lines of action. The point of intersection of
these perpendiculars as shown locates the IC at the instant considered.
 A 
vB vA
IC
B
(iii) Given the magnitude and direction of two parallel velocities

When the velocities of points A and B are parallel and
have known magnitudes vA and vB then the location of
the IC is determined by proportional triangles as shown
in figure. A  IC
vA
v
In both the cases, rA,IC  A 
 d A vA
IC
v d
and rB,IC  B  
 vB vB
B B
In fig. (a) rA, I C + rB, I C = d
(a) (b)
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and in fig (b) rB, I C – rA, I C = d

As a special case, if the body is translating, vA = vB and the IC would be located at infinity, in
which case  = 0.
Ex.55 A uniform thin rod of mass m and length l is standing on a smooth horizontal surface.
A slight disturbance causes the lower end to slip on the smooth surface and the rod
starts falling. Find the velocity of centre of mass of the rod at the instant when it
makes an angle  with horizontal.
Sol. As the floor is smooth, mechanical energy of the rod will remain conserved. Further, no
horizontal force acts on the rod, hence the centre of mass moves vertically downwards in a
straight line. Thus velocities of COM and the lower end B are in the direction shown in figure.
 
The location of IC at this instant can be found by drawing perpendiculars to v C and v B at
respective points. Now, the rod may be assumed to be in pure rotational motion about IAOR
passing through IC with angular speed .
A
COM
l
h (1  sin )
 IC 2
vC 
l
sin
2


B vB
Applying conservation of mechanical energy. Decrease in gravitational potential energy of the
rod = increase in rotational kinetic energy about IAOR
1 l 1  ml 2 ml 2 2
 2
 mgh  I IAOR 2 or mg 2 (1  sin )  2  12  4 cos  
2  
Solving this equation, we get

12g(1  sin )

l (1  3 cos 2 )
 l 
Now, | v C |   cos  
2 
3gl (1  sin ) cos 2 

 Ans.
(1  3 cos 2 )
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Exercise - I (Objective Problems)
(A) MOMENT OF INERTIA (A) about P = I/2 (B) about R = I/2

(C) about P > I/2 (D) about R > I/2
1. The moment of inertia of a uniform semicircular
7. A thin uniform rod of mass M and length L has
wire of mass M and radius r about a line
its moment of inertia I1 about its perpendicular
perpendicular to the plane of the wire through
bisector. The rod is bend in the form of a
the centre is
semicircular arc. Now its moment of inertia
1 2 through the centre of the semi circular arc and
(A) Mr2 (B) Mr
2 perpendicular to its plane is I2. The ratio of I1 : I2
will be _________________
1 2 2 2
(C) Mr (D) Mr (A) < 1 (B) > 1
4 5 (C) = 1 (D) can’t be said
2. Let IA and IB be moments of inertia of a body 8. Moment of inertia of a thin semicircular disc
about two axes A and B respectively. The axis A (mass = M & radius = R) about an axis through
passes through the centre of mass of the body point O and perpendicular to plane of disc, is
but B does not. given by :
(A) IA < IB O
(B) If IA < IB, the axes are parallel.
(C) If the axes are parallel, IA < IB R
(D) If the axes are not parallel, IA  IB
3. Three bodies have equal masses m. Body A is 1 1
solid cylinder of radius R, body B is a square lamina (A) MR 2 (B) MR
2
4 2
of side R, and body C is a solid sphere of radius R.
1 2
Which body has the smallest moment of inertia (C) MR (D) MR2
about an axis passing through their centre of mass 8
and perpendicular to the plane (in case of lamina) 9. A rigid body can be hinged about any point on
(A) A (B) B the x-axis. When it is hinged such that the hinge
(C) C (D) A and C both is at x, the moment of inertia is given by
I = 2x2 – 12x + 27 The x-coordinate of centre of
4. For the same total mass which of the following
mass is
will have the largest moment of inertia about an
(A) x = 2 (B) x = 0
axis passing through its centre of mass and
(C) x = 1 (D) x = 3
perpendicular to the plane of the body
(A) a disc of radius a 10. A square plate of mass M and edge L is shown
(B) a ring of radius a in figure. The moment of inertia of the plate about
(C) a square lamina of side 2a the axis in the plane of plate passing through one
(D) four rods forming a square of side 2a of its vertex making an angle 15° from horizontal is.
axis
5. Two rods of equal mass m and length l lie along
the x axis and y axis with their centres origin. 15°
What is the moment of inertia of both about the
line x = y :
L
ml 2 ml 2
(A) (B)
3 4
2
ml ml 2 L
(C) (D)
12 6 ML2 11ML2
(A) (B)
6. Moment of inertia of a rectangular plate about 12 24
an axis passing through P and perpendicular to
the plate is I. Then moment of PQR about an axis 7 ML2
perpendicular to the plane of the plate : (C) (D) none
12
P Q
11. Consider the following statements
Assertion (A) : The moment of inertia of a rigid
body reduces to its minimum value as compared
to any other parallel axis when the axis of rotation
S R
IIT-JEE|AIEEE 394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS

IVRS No:0744-2439051,0744-2439052,0744-2439053,www.motioniitjee.com, info@motioniitjee.com
passes through its centre of mass. 17. One end of a uniform rod of mass m and
Reason (R) : The weight of a rigid body always length I is clamped. The rod lies on a smooth
acts through its centre of mass in uniform horizontal surface and rotates on it about the
gravitational field. Of these statements : clamped end at a uniform angular velocity . The
(A) both A and R are true and R is the correct force exerted by the clamp on the rod has a
explanation of A horizontal component
(B) both A and R are true but R is not a correct (A) m2 l (B) zero
explanation of A 1 2
(C) A is true but R is false (C) mg (D) m 
2
(D) A is false but R is true
18. A rod of length 'L' is hinged from one end. It
Question No. 12 to 14 (3 questions) is brought to a horizontal position and released.
The figure shows an isosceles triangular plate of The angular velocity of the rod when it is in vertical
mass M and base L. The angle at the apex is 90°. position is
The apex lies at the origin and the base is parallel
to X - axis. 2g 3g
(A) (B)
Y L L

M g g
(C) (D)
2L L
X
12. The moment of inertia of the plate about the (B) TORQUE AND PURE ROTATIONAL
z-axis is
MOTION
ML2 ML2
(A) (B) 19. A horizontal force F = mg/3 is applied on the
12 24
upper surface of a uniform cube of mass ‘m’ and
ML2 side ‘a’ which is resting on a rough horizontal
(C) (D) none of these
6 surface having s = 1/2. The distance between
13. The moment of inertia of the plate about the lines of action of ‘mg’ and normal reaction ‘N’ is :
x-axis is (A) a/2 (B) a/3
(C) a/4 (D) None
ML2 ML2
(A) (B)
8 32 20. A man can move on a horizontal plank
ML2 ML2 supported symmetrically as shown. The variation
(C) (D) of normal reaction on support A with distance x
24 6
of the man from the end of the plank is best
14. The moment of inertia of the plate about its represented by :
base parallel to the x-axis is x=0
ML2 ML2 A B
(A) (B)
18 36
ML2 1m 4m 1m
24
15. The moment of inertia of the plate about the N N
y-axis is
(A) (B)
ML2 ML2
(A) (B) x x
6 8
ML2 N N
24
SECTION (D) ; FIXED AXIS (C) (D)
16. A body is rotating uniformly about a vertical x x
axis fixed in an inertial frame. The resultant force
on a particle of the body not on the axis is 21. A weightless rod is acted on by upward parallel
(A) vertical forces of 2N and 4N ends A and B respectively.
(B) horizontal and skew with the axis The total length of the rod AB = 3m. To keep the
(C) horizontal and intersecting the axis rod in equilibrium a force of 6N should act in the
(D) none of these following manner :
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564 IIT-JEE|AIEEE

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
IVRS No:0744-2439051,0744-2439052,0744-2439053,www.motioniitjee.com, info@motioniitjee.com OLYMPIADS

(A) Downwards at any point between A and B. (A) left half (B) right half
(B) Downwards at mid point of AB. (C) both applies equal pressure
(C) Downwards at a point C such that AC = 1m. (D) the answer depend upon coefficient of friction
(D) Downwards at a point D such that BD = 1m. 26. Consider the following statements
Assertion (A) : A cyclist always bends inwards
22. A right triangular plate ABC of mass m is free while negotiating a curve
to rotate in the vertical plane about a fixed Reason (R) : By bending he lowers his centre of
horizontal axis through A. It is supported by a gravity Of these statements,
string such that the side AB is horizontal. The (A) both A and R are true and R is the correct
reaction at the support A is : explanation of A
(B) both A and R are true but R is not the correct
A l explanation of A
B
(C) A is true but R is false
l (D) A is false but R is true
27. A solid cone hangs from a frictionless pivot
C
mg 2 mg at the origin O, as shown. If i , j and k are unit
(A) (B)
3 3 vectors, and a, b, and c are positive constants,
mg which of the following forces F applied to the rim
(C) (D) mg of the cone at a point P results in a torque  on
2
the cone with a negative component Z ?
23. In an experiment with a beam balance on z
unknown mass m is balanced by two known mass
m is balanced by two known masses of 16 kg and k o
i y
4 kg as shown in figure. j
l1 l1
x c
l2 l2
m m
16kg 4kg
b
The value of the unknown mass m is (A) F = a k , P is (0, b, –c)
(A) 10 kg (B) 6 kg
(C) 8 kg (D) 12 kg (B) F = –a k , P is (0, –b, –c)
24. A uniform cube of side ‘b’ and mass M rest on (C) F = a j , P is (–b, 0, –c)
a rough horizontal table. A horizontal force F is (D) None
applied normal to one of the face at a point, at a
28. A rod is hinged at its centre and rotated by
height 3b/4 above the base. What should be the
applying a constant torque starting from rest.
coefficient of friction () between cube and table
The power developed by the external torque as a
so that is will tip about an edge before it starts
function of time is :
slipping?
F Pext Pext
b
3b/4 (A) (B)
time time
Pext Pext
2 1
(A)   (B)  
3 3 (C) (D)
3
(C)   (D) none time time
2
25. A homogeneous cubical brick lies motionless 29. A pulley is hinged at the centre and a massless
on a rough inclined surface. The half of the brick thread is wrapped around it. The thread is pulled
which applies greater pressure on the plane is : with a constant force F starting from rest. As
the time increases,
F

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS

(A) its angular velocity increases, but force on (C) ANGULAR MOMENTUM
hinge remains constant 34. A particle moves with a constant velocity
(B) its angular velocity remains same, but force parallel to the X-axis. Its angular momentum with
on hinge increases respect to the origin.
(C) its angular velocity increases and force on (A) is zero (B) remains constant
hinge increases (C) goes on increasing
(D) its angular velocity remains same and force (D) goes on decreasing.
on hinge is constant.
35. A thin circular ring of mass 'M' and radius 'R'
30. The angular momentum of a flywheel having is rotating about its axis with a constant angular
a moment of inertia of 0.4 kg m2 decreases from
velocity . Two objects each of mass m, are
30 to 20 kg m2/s in a period of 2 second. The
attached gently to the opposite ends of a diameter
average torque acting on the flywheel during this
of the ring. The ring now rotates with an angular
period is :
velcoity.
(A) 10 N.m (B) 2.5 N.m (C) 5 N.m (D) 1.5 N.m
31. A rod hinged at one end is released from the M M
(A) (B)
horizontal position as shown in the figure. When (M  m) (M  2m)
it becomes vertical its lower half separates without
exerting any reaction at the breaking point. Then M (M  3m)
(C) (D)
the maximum angle ‘’ made by the hinged upper (M – 2m) M
half with the vertical is :
C B A 36. A person sitting firmly over a rotating stool
has his arms streatched. If he folds his arms, his
angular momentum about the axis of rotation
(A) increases (B) decreases
B B (C) remains unchanged (D) doubles.
C 37. A small bead of mass m moving with velocity
(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 90° v gets threaded on a stationary semicircular ring
32. A block of mass m is attached to a pulley of mass m and radius R kept on a horizontal table.
disc of equal mass m, radius r by means of a The ring can freely rotate about its centre. The
slack string as shown. The pulley is hinged about bead comes to rest relative to the ring. What will
its centre on a horizontal table and the block is be the final angular velocity of the system?
projected with an initial velocity of 5 m/s. Its
velocity when the string becomes taut will be
R
O
v
m
(A) v/R (B) 2v/R
(A) 3 m/s (B) 2.5 m/s (C) v/2R (D) 3v/R
(C) 5/3 m/s (D) 10/3 m/s 38. A man, sitting firmly over a rotating stool has
33. A particle starts from the point (0m, 8m) and his arms streched. If he folds his arms, the work
done by the man is
moves with uniform velocity of 3 i m/s. After 5
(A) zero
seconds, the angular velocity of the particle about
(B) positive
the origin will be :
(C) negative
y
(D) may be positive or negative.
3m/s 39. A particle of mass 2 kg located at the position
( i  j ) m has a velocity 2(  i – j  k ) m/s. Its
8m
angular momentum about z-axis in kg-m2 /s is :
x (A) zero (B) +8
O (C) 12 (D) – 8
8 3
(A) rad / s (B) rad / s
289 8 40. A thin uniform straight rod of mass 2 kg and
24 8 length 1 m is free to rotate about its upper end
(C) rad / s (D) rad / s when at rest. It receives an impulsive blow of 10
289 17

CBSE|SAT|NTSE

Ns at its lowest point, normal to its length as Question No. 44 & 45 (2 questions)
shown in figure. The kinetic energy of rod just after A uniform rod is fixed to a rotating turntable so
impact is that its lower end is on the axis of the turntable
and it makes an angle of 20° to the vertical.
(The rod is thus rotating with uniform angular
velocity about a vertical axis passing through one
10 NS
end.) If the turntable is rotating clockwise as
seen from above.
(A) 75 J (B) 100 J
(C) 200 J (D) none
20°
41. A ball of mass m moving with velocity v, collide
with the wall elastically as shown in the figure.
After impact the change in angular momentum
about P is :
P
d
 44. What is the direction of the rod’s angular
momentum vector (calculated about its lower end)
(A) vertically downwards
(B) down at 20° to the horizontal
(A) 2 mvd (B) 2 mvd cos (C) up at 20° to the horizontal
(C) 2 mvd sin (D) zero (D) vertically upwards
42. A uniform rod of mass M is hinged at its upper 45. Is there a torque acting on it, and if so in
end. A particle of mass m moving horizontally what direction?
strikes the rod at its mid point elastically. If the (A) yes, vertically (B) yes, horizontally
particle comes to rest after collision find the value (C) yes at 20° to the horizontal
of M/m = ? (D) no
46. One ice skater of mass m moves with speed
2v to the right, while another of the same mass
v m moves with speed v toward the left, as shown
m in figure I. Their paths are separated by a distance
b. At t = 0, when they are both at x = 0, they
grasp a pole of length b and negligible mass. For
M
t > 0, consider the system as a rigid body of two
(A) 3/4 (B) 4/3
masses m separated by distance b, as shown in
(C) 2/3 (D) none
figure II. Which of the following is the correct
43. A child with mass m is standing at the edge formula for the motion after t = 0 of the skater
of a disc with moment of inertia I, radius R, and initially at y = b/2 ?
initial angular velocity . See figure given below.
y y
The child jumps off the edge of the disc with
tangential velocity v with respect to the ground. m 2v
The new angular velocity of the disc is
v b/2
b x x
 t=0
m
(t<0) v
Figure 1 Figure II
I 2 – mv 2 (I + mR 2 ) 2 – mv 2 (A) x = 2vt, y = b/2
(A) (B)
I I (B) x = vt + 0.5b sin (3vt/b), y = 0.5b cos(3vt/b)
(C) x = 0.5vt + 0.5b sin (3vt/b), y = 0.5b cos(3vt/b)
I – mvR (I + mR 2 )  mvR (D) x = 0.5vt + 0.5b sin (6vt/b), y = 0.5b cos(6vt/b)
(C) (D)
I I 47. Two equal masses each of mass M are joined
by a massless rod of length L. Now an impulse MV
is given to the mass M making an angle of 30º

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS

with the length of the rod. The angular velocity ml

rod after time t  is
of the rod just after imparting the impulse is 12J
J J
M M (A) 2 (B)
m 2m
30° J J
(C) (D) 2
m m
MV
v 2v
(D) COMBINED TRANSLATIONAL +
(A)
L
(B)
L
ROTATIONAL MOTION
v 52. The centre of a wheel rolling without slipping
(C) (D) none of these in a plane surface moves with speed v0. A particle
2L
on the rim of the wheel at the same level as the
48. A uniform rod AB of length L and mass M is centre will be moving at speed.
lying on a smooth table. A small particle of mass (A) zero (B) v0
m strike the rod with a velocity v0 at point C at a (C) 2v0 (D) 2v0
distance x from the centre O. The particle comes 53. A solid sphere, a hollow sphere and a disc, all
to rest after collision. The value of x, so that having same mass and radius, are placed at the
point A of the rod remains ststionary just after top of an incline and released. The friction
collision is : coefficients between the objects and the incline
are same and not sufficient to allow pure rolling.
B
The smallest kinetic energy at the bottom of the
m v0 incline will be achieved by
C (A) the solid sphere (B) the hollow sphere
x (C) the disc
O (D) all will achieve same kinetic energy.
54. A solid sphere, a hollow sphere and a disc, all
having smooth incline and released. Least time
A
will be taken in reaching the bottom by
(A) the solid sphere (B) the hollow sphere
(A) L/3 (B) L/6 (C) L/4 (D) L/12 (C) the disc (D) all will take same time.
49. Two particles of equal mass m at A and B are 55. Fig. shows a smooth inclined plane fixed in a
connected by a rigid light rod AB lying on a smooth car accelerating on a horizontal road. The angle
horizontal table. An impulse J is applied at A in the of incline  is related to the acceleration a of the
plane of the table and perpendicular at AB. Then car as a = g tan . If the sphere is set in pure
the velocity of particle at A is : rotation on the incline.
J J
(A) (B)
2m m
a
2J
(C) (D) zero 
m
50. A uniform rod of mass M has an impulse applied
at right angles to one end. If the other end begins (A) it will continue pure rolling
to move with speed V, the magnitude of the (B) it will slip down the plane
impulse is (C) its linear velocity will increase
MV (D) its linear velocity will decrease.
(A) MV (B)
2 56. A straight rod of length L is released on a
frictionless horizontal floor in a vertical position.
2 MV As it falls + slips, the distance of a point on the
(C) 2MV (D)
3 rod from the lower end, which follows a quarter
51. A uniform rod AB of mass m and length l is at circular locus is
rest on a smooth horizontal surface. An impulse J (A) L/2 (B) L/4 (C) L/8 (D) None
is applied to the end B, perpendicular to the rod
57. A wheel of radius r rolling on a straight line,
in the horizontal direction. Speed of particle P at
the velocity of its centre being v. At a certain
l instant the point of contact of the wheel with
a distance from the centre towards A of the
6

CBSE|SAT|NTSE

the grounds is M and N is the highest point on 63. Portion AB of the wedge shown in figure is
the wheel (diametrically opposite to M). The rough and BC is smooth. A solid cylinder rolls
incorrect statement is : without slipping from A to B. The ratio of
(A) The velocity of any point P of the wheel is translational kinetic energy to rotational kinetic
proportional to MP. energy, when the cylinder reaches point C is :
(B) Points of the wheel moving with velocity
greater than v form a larger area of the wheel A
than points moving with velocity less than v.
(C) The point of contact M is instantaneously at
rest. B
(D) The velocities of any two parts of the wheel
which are equidistant from centre are equal. D AB=BC C
58. There is rod of length l. The velocities of its
two ends are v1 and v2 in opposite directions (A) 3/4 (B) 5 (C) 7/5 (D) 8/3
normal to the rod. The distance of the 64. A plank of mass M is placed over smooth
instantaneous axis of rotation from v1 is : inclined plane and a sphere is also placed over
v2 the plank. Friction is sufficient between sphere
(A) zero (B) v  v l and plank. If plank and sphere are released from
1 2
v 1l rest, the frictional force on sphere is :
(C) v  v (D) l/2
1 2
59. A ladder of length L is slipping with its ends

against a vertical wall and a horizontal floor. At a
certain moment, the speed of the end in contact
with the horizontal floor is v and the ladder makes 
an angle  = 30º with the horizontal. Then the (A) up the plane (B) down the plane
speed of the ladder’s center must be (C) horizontal (D) zero
(A) 2 v / 3 (B) v/2 (C) v (D) none 65. A plank with a uniform sphere placed on it
rests on a smooth horizontal plane. Plank is pulled
60. In the previous question, if dv/dt = 0, then to right by a constant force F. If sphere does not
the angular acceleration of the ladder when  = slip over the plank. Which of the following is
45º is incorrect.
(A) 2v2/L2 (B) v2/2L2 F
(C) 2 [ v 2 / L2 ] (D) None
61. A ring of radius R rolls without sliding with a
(A) Acceleration of the centre of sphere is less
constant velocity. The radius of curvature of the
than that of the plank
path followed by any particle of the ring at the
(B) Work done by friction acting on the sphere is
highest point of its path will be
equal to its total kinetic energy.
(A) R (B) 2R (C) 4R (D) none
(C) Total kinetic energy of the system is equal to
62. Inner and outer radii of a spool are r and R work done by the force F
respectively. A thread is wound over its inner (D) None of the above
surface and placed over a rough horizontal
surface. Thread is pulled by a force F as shown 66. A time varying force F = 2t is applied on a
in fig. then in case of pure rolling spool rolling as shown in figure. The angular
momentum of the spool at time t about bottom
most point is :
F=2t
r
F
R
(A) Thread unwinds, spool rotates anticlockwise
and friction act leftwards
(B) Thread winds, spool rotates clockwise and r 2t2 (R  r ) 2 2
(A) (B) t
friction acts leftwards R r
(C) Thread winds, spool moves to the right anf (C) (R + r)t2 (D) data is insufficient
friction act rightwards
(D) Thread winds, spool moves to the right and 67. A ring of mass m and radius R has three
friction does not come into existence. particles attached to the ring as shown in the

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS

figure. The centre of the ring has speed v0. The v0

kinetic energy of the system is (Slipping is absent) the direction of motion. Then r is
0
m 0
2m m
v0
(A) 6mv02 (B) 12 mv02 1 3

(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
(C) 4 mv02 (D) 8 mv02 2 2
74. A ball rolls down an inclined plane, figure.
68. The linear speed of a uniform spherical shell The ball is first released from rest from P and
after rolling down an inclined plane of vertical height then later from Q. Which of the following
h from rest, is : statement is/ are correct ?
Q
10 gh 4 gh 6 gh
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2gh
7 5 5
P
2h
69. A uniform sphere of radius R is placed on a
h
rough horizontal surface and given a linear velocity
v0 angular velocity 0 as shown. The sphere comes O
to rest after moving some distance to the right. (i) The ball takes twice as much time to roll from
It follows that : Q to O as it does to roll from P to O.
(ii) The acceleration of the ball at Q is twice as
large as the acceleration at P.
v0 (iii) The ball has twice as much K.E. at O when
rolling from Q as it does when rolling from P.
0 (A) i, ii only (B) ii, iii only
(A) v0 = 0R (B) 2v0 = 50R (C) i only (D) iii only
(C) 5v0 = 20R (D) 2v0 = 0R 75. Starting from the rest, at the same time, a
70. A body kept on a smooth horizontal surface ring, a coin and a solid ball of same mass roll
is pulled by a constant horizontal force applied at down an incline without slipping. The ratio of their
the top point of the body. If the body rolls purely translational kinetic energies at the bottom will
on the surface, its shape can be : be
(A) thin pipe (B) uniform cylinder (A) 1 : 1 : 1 (B) 10 : 5 : 4
(C) uniform sphere (D) thin spherical shell (C) 21 : 28 : 30 (D) none
71. A solid sphere with a velocity (of centre of 76. In the figure shown a ring A is initially rolling
mass) v and angular velocity  is gently placed without sliding with a velocity v on the horizontal
on a rough horizontal surface. The frictional force surface of the body B (of same mass as A). All
on the sphere : surfaces are smooth. B has no initial velocity.
(A) must be forward (in direction of v) What will be the maximum height reached by A
(B) must be backward (opposite to v) on B.
(C) cannot be zero
(D) none of the above v
A
72. A cylinder is pure rolling up an incline plane. Smooth
It stops momentarily and then rolls back. The B
force of friction.
(A) on the cylinder is zero throughout the journey
(B) is directed opposite to the velocity of the 3v2 v2 v2 v2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
centre of mass throughout the journey 4g 4g 2g 3g
(C) is directed up the plane throughout the journey
(D) is directed down the plane throughout the 77. A Cubical bloc of mass M and edge a slides
journey down a rough inclined plane of inclination  with a
uniform velocity. The torque of the normal force
73. A uniform circular disc placed on a rough on the block about its centre has a magnitude.
horizontal surface has initially a velocity v0 and
an angular velocity 0 as shown in the figure. The 1
(A) zero (B) Mga (C) Mga sin  (D) Mga sin
disc comes to rest after moving some distance in 2

CBSE|SAT|NTSE

Exercise - II (Multiple Choice Problems)

(A) MOMENT OF INERTIA 5. A block of mass m moves on a horizontal rough
1. ABCD is a square plate with centre O. The surface with initial velocity v. The height of the
moments of inertia of the plate about the per- centre of mass of the block is h from the surface.
pendicular axis through O is I and about the axes Consider a point A on the surface
1, 2, 3 & 4 are I1, I2, I3 & I4 respectively. It follows (A) angular momentum about A is mvh initially
that : (B) the velocity of the block decreases at time
1 passes
2 (C) torque of the forces acting on block is zero
A about A
B
(D) angular momentum is not conserved about A
3
6. Four point masses are fastened to the corners
O
of a frame of negligible mass lying in the xy plane.
D C Let w be the angular speed of rotation. Then
4
y-axis
(A) I2 = I3 (B) I = I1 + I4 m
(C) I = I2 + I4 (D) I1 = I3 b
(B) TORQUE & PURE ROTATIONAL MOTION
M M x-axis
2. A rod of weight w is supported by two parallel
m a
knife edges A and B and is in equilibrium in a z-axis
horizontal position. The knives are at a distance (A) rotational kinetic energy associated with a
d from each other. The centre of mass of the rod given angular speed depends on the axis of rota-
is at a distance x from A. tion.
wx (B) rotational kinetic energy about y-axis is inde-
(A) the normal reaction at A is pendent of m and its value is Ma22
d
w(d  x) (C) rotational kinetic energy about z-axis depends
(B) the normal reaction at A is on m and its value is (Ma2 + mb2)2
d (D) rotational kinetic energy about z-axis is inde-
wx pendent of m and its value is Mb22
(C) the normal reaction at B is
d
w(d  x) 7. A particle falls freely near the surface of the
(D) the normal reaction at B is earth. Consider a fixed point O (not vertically
d
below the particle) on the ground.
3. A block with a square base measuring axa and (A) Angular momentum of the particle about O is
height h, is placed on an inclined plane. The co- increasing
efficient of friction is . The angle of inclination (B) Torque of the gravitational force on the par-
() of the plane is gradually increased. The block ticle about O is decreasing
will (C) The moment of inertia of the particle about O
a is decreasing
(A) topple before sliding if   (D) The angular velocity of the particle about O
h
a is increasing
(B) topple before sliding if  
h (C) ANGULAR MOMENTUM
a 8. If a person sitting on a rotating stool with his
(C) slide before toppling if  
h hands outstretched, suddenly lowers his hands,
a then his
(D) slide before toppling if  
h (A) Kinetic energy will decrease
(B) Moment of inertia will decrease
4. A body is in equilibrium under the influence of
(C) Angular momentum will increase
a number of forces. Each force has a different
(D) Angular velocity will remain constant
line of action. The minimum number of forces re-
9. A man spinning in free space changes the shape
quired is
of his body, eg. by spreading his arms or curling
(A) 2, if their lines of action pass through the
up. By doing this, he can change his
centre of mass of the body
(A) moment of inertia
(B) 3, if their lines of action are not parallel
(B) angular momentum
(C) 3, if their lines of action are parallel
(C) angular velocity
(D) 4, if their lines of action are parallel and all
(D) rotational kinetic energy
the forces have the same magnitude

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OLYMPIADS

(D) COMBINED TRANSLATIONAL + ROTA- (A) acceleration of centre of sphere is less than
TIONAL MOTION that of the plank
(B) acceleration of centre of sphere is greater
10. A ring rolls without slipping on the ground. Its
than the plank because friction acts rightward
centre C moves with a constant speed u. P is
on the sphere
any point on the ring. The speed of P with re-
(C) acceleration of the centre of sphere may be
spect to the ground is v.
towards left
(A) 0  v  2u
(D) acceleration of the centre of sphere relative
(B) v = u, if CP is horizontal
to plank may be greater than that of the plank
(C) v = u, if CP makes an angle of 30º with the
relative to floor
horizontal and P is below the horizontal level of C
14. A hollow sphere of radius R and mass m is
(D) v  2 u , if CP is horizontal fully filled with water of mass m. It is rolled down
11. A yo-yo is resting on a perfectly rough hori- a horizontal plane such that its centre of mass
zontal table. Forces F1, F2 and F3 are applied moves with a velocity v. If it purely rolls
separately as shown.The F correct
F statement is 5
2 2
3
(A) Kinetic energy of the sphere is mv
6
4 2
(B) Kinetic energy of the sphere is mv
5
(C) Angular momentum of the sphere about a
8
fixed point on ground is mvR
F1 3
(D) Angular momentum of the sphere about a
14
(A) when F3 is applied the centre of mass will fixed point on ground is mvR
5
move to the right
(B) when F2 is applied the centre of mass will 15. In the figure shown, the plank is being pulled
move to the left to the right with a constant speed v. If the cylin-
(C) when F1 is applied the centre of mass will der does not slip then :
move to the right
(D) when F2 is applied the centre of mass will R
move to the right
12. A disc of circumference s is at rest at a point v
A on a horizontal surface when a constant hori-
zontal force begins to act on its centre. Between (A) the speed of the centre of mass of the cylin-
A and B there is sufficient friction to prevent slip- der is 2v
ping, and the surface is smooth to the right of B. (B) the speed of the centre of mass of the cylin-
AB = s. The disc moves from A to B in time T. To der is zero
the right of B, (C) the angular velocity of the cylinder is v/R
(D) the angular velocity of the cylinder is zero
Force
16. If a cylinder is rolling down the incline with
,
sliding
A B (A) after some time it may start pure rolling
(A) the angular acceleration of the disc will dis- (B) after sometime it will start pure rolling
appear, linear acceleration will remain unchanged (C) it may be possible that it will never start pure
(B) linear acceleration of the disc will increase rolling
(C) the disc will make one rotation in time T/2 (D) none of these
(D) the disc will cover a distance greater than s
in further time T. 17. Which of the following statements are cor-
rect
13. A plank with a uniform sphere placed on it, (A) friction acting on a cylinder without sliding on
rests on a smooth horizontal plane. Plank is pulled an inclined surface is always upward along the
to right by a constant force F. If the sphere does incline irrespective of any external force acting
not slip over the plank. on it.
(B) friction acting on a cylinder without sliding on
an inclined surface is may be upward may be
F downwards depending on the external force act-
ing on it.

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(C) friction acting on a cylinder rolling without (C) The friction force accelerates the ring in the
sliding may be zero depending on the external clockwise sense about its centre of mass
force acting on it. (D) As the ring enters on the rough surface it
(D) nothing can be said exactly about it as it starts rolling
depends on the friction coefficient on inclined
22. Choose the correct statement(s)
plane
(A) The momentum of the ring is conserved
Question No. 18 to 20 (3 Questions)
(B) The angular momentum of the ring is con-
A cylinder and a ring of same mass M and radius
served about its centre of mass
R are placed on the top of a rough inclined plane
(C) The angular momentum of the ring conserved
of inclination . Both are released simultaneously
about any point on the horizontal surface
from the same height h.
(D) The mechanical energy of the ring is con-
18. Choose the correct statement(s) related to served
the motion of each body
(A) The friction force acting on each body op-
(A) The ring starts its rolling motion when the
poses the motion of its centre of mass
centre of mass stationary
(B) The friction force provides the necessary
(B) The ring starts rolling motion when the point
torque to rotate the body about its centre of
of contact becomes stationary
mass
(C) The time after which the ring starts rolling is
(C) without friction none of the two bodies can
roll v0
(D) The friction force ensures that the point of 2 g
contact must remain stationary v0
(D) The rolling velocity is
19. Identify the correct statement(s) 2
(A) The friction force acting on the cylinder may
be more than that acting on the ring 24. Choose the correct alternative(s)
(B) The friction force acting on the ring may be (A) The linear distance moved by the centre of
more than that acting on the cylinder 3 v 20
(C) If the friction is sufficient to roll the cylinder mass before the ring starts rolling is
8 g
then the ring will also roll
3
(D) If the friction is sufficient to roll the ring then (B) The net work done by friction force is  mv 20
the cylinder will also roll 8
mv 20
20. When these bodies roll down to the foot of (C) The loss is kinetic energy of the ring is
the inclined plane, then 4
(A) the mechanical energy of each body is con- mv 20
(D) The gain in rotational kinetic energy is 
served 8
(B) the velocity of centre of mass of the cylinder
25. Consider a sphere of mass ‘m’ radius ‘R’ doing
gh
is 2 pure rolling motion on a rough surface having
3 
(C) the velocity of centre of mass of the ring is velocity v 0 as shown in the Figure. It makes an
gh elastic impact with the smooth wall and moves
back and starts pure rolling after some time again.
(D) the velocity of centre of mass of each body
is 2 gh
Question No. 21 to 24 (4 Questions)
A ring of mass M and radius R sliding with a ve- v0
locity v0 suddenly enters into rough surface where
the coefficient of friction is , as shown in figure. O
v0 (A) Change in angular momentum about ‘O’ in the

entire motion equals 2mv0 R in magnitude.
(B) Moment of impulse provided by wall during
Rough ( )
impact about O equals 2mv0R in magnitude
3
(A) As the ring enters on the rough surface, the (C) Final velocity of ball will be v 0
limiting friction force acts on it 7
(B) The direction of friction is opposite to the 3
(D) Final velocity of ball will be  v 0
direction of motion 7

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OLYMPIADS

Exercise - III (Subjective Problems)

(A) MOMENT OF INERTIA 8. Assuming frictionless contacts, determine the
1. Find the moment of inertia of a uniform half- magnitude of external horizontal force P applied
disc about an axis perpendicular to the plane and at the lower end for equilibrium of the rod. The
passing through its centre of mass. Mass of this rod is uniform and its mass is 'm'.
disc is M and radius is R. Wall
2. Find the moment of inertia of a pair of solid
spheres, each having a mass m and radius r, kept
in contact about the tangent passing through
P
the point of contact. 
3. Find the radius of gyration of a circular ring of

radius r about a line perpendicular to the plane of 9. A rod of mass m and length L, lying horizontally,
this ring and tangent to the ring. is free to rotate about a vertical axis through its
centre. A horizontal force of constant magnitude
F acts on the rod at a distance of L/4 from the
centre. The force is always perpendicular to the
rod. Find the angle rotated by the rod during the
time t after the motion starts.
10. The uniform rod AB of mass m is released

from rest when  = 60°. Assuming that the friction
4. Moment of inertial of a triangle plane of mass
force between end A and the surface is large
M shown in figure about vertical axis AB is :
enough to prevent sliding, determine (for the
instant just after release)
A
l B
45° L
l m
A 
B
(a) The angular acceleration of the rod

5. A uniform rod of mass m is bent into the form (b) The normal reaction and the friction force at A.
of a semicircle of radius R. The moment of inertia (c) The minimum value of , compatible with the
of the rod about an axis passing through A and described motion.
perpendicular to the plane of the paper is
A 11. Figure shows two blocks of mass m and m
R connected by a string passing over a pulley. The
horizontal table over which the mass m slides is
smooth. The pulley (uniform disc) has mass m
(B) TORQUE & PURE ROTATIONAL and it can freely rotate about this axis. Find the
MOTION acceleration of the mass m assuming that the
6. A simple pendulum of length  is pulled aside to string does not slip on the pulley.
made an angle  with the vertical. Find the
m
magnitude of the torque of the weight w of the
bob about the point of suspension. When is the m
torque zero ?
 
7. Two forces F1  2 i – 5 j – 6k and F2  – i  2j – k m
are acting on a body at the points (1, 1, 0) and
(0, 1, 2). Find torque acting on the body about
point (–1, 0, 1).

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12. A solid cylinder of mass M = 1kg & radius R = 18. The moment of inertia of the pulley system
0.5m is pivoted at its centre & has three particles as shown in the figure is 4 kgm2. The radii of
of mass m = 0.1 kg mounted at its perimeter as bigger and smaller pulleys 2m and 1m respectively.
shown in the figure. The system is originally at The angular acceleration of the pulley system is
rest. Find the angular speed of the cylinder, when
it has swung through 90° in anticlockwise
direction. 1m
2m
4kg
5kg
19. The two small spheres each have a mass of 3
kg and are attached to the rod of negligible mass.
13. A cube is in limiting equilibrium on an inclined A torque M = 8t Nm, where t is in seconds is
plane forming an angle of 30° with the horizontal. applied to the rod. Find the value of time when
The line of action of the normal reaction of the each sphere attains a speed of 3 m/s starting
plane on the cube is from rest.
3kg 3kg
1m 1m
14. A body weighs 6 gms when placed in one pan
and 24 gms when placed on the other pan of a
false balance. If the beam is horizontal when both
the pans are ampty, the true weight of the body M
is :
20. A rectangular plate of mass 20 kg is suspended
15. An inverted “V” is made up of two uniform from points A and B as shown. If pin B is removed
boards each weighing 200 N. Each side has the determine the initial angular acceleration (in rad/
same length and makes an angle 30° with the s2) of plate. (g = 10m/s2)
vertical as shown in figure. The magnitude of the
static frictional force that acts on each of the A B
lower end of the V is
0.15m
P
0.2m
30°30° 21. A solid homogeneous cylinder of height h and
l
base radius r is kept vertically on a conveyer belt
moving horizontally with an increasing velocity
v = a + bt2. If the cylinder is not allowed to slip
find the time when the cylinder is about to topple.
16. A uniform sphere of weight W and radius 5
cm is being held by a string as shown in the 22. A square frame made up of a wire of mass m
figure. The wall is smooth. The tension in the & length l is held in horizontal plane. It is free to
string will be
rotate about AD. If the frame is released, the
8cm work done by gravity during the time frame
rotates through an angle of 90° is equal to
P
D
17. A light string is wrapped around a cylinder of

mass ‘m and radius ‘R’. The string is pulled vertically
upward to prevent the centre of mass from falling C
as the cylinder unwinds the string. Then length
of the string unwound when the cylinder has
B
reached a speed  will be :

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OLYMPIADS

23. Three equal masses m are rigidly connected (C) ANGULAR MOMENTUM
to each other by massless rods of length l forming 26. A particle having mass 2 kg is moving along
an equilateral triangle, as shown above. The straight line 3x+ 4 y = 5 with speed 8m/s. Find
assembly is to be given an angular velocity  angular momentum of the particle about origin, x
about an axis perpendicular to the triangle. For and y are in meters.
fixed , the ratio of the kinetic energy of the
assembly for an axis through B compared with 27. A particle having mass 2 kg is moving with
that for an axis through A is equal to
m velcoity ( 2i  3 j )m / s . Find angular momentum of
the particle about origin when it is at (1, 1, 0).
l l
A 28. A uniform square plate of mass 2.0 kg and

Bm l m edge 10 cm rotates about one of its diagonals
under the action of a constant torque of 0.10
24. In the figure A & B are two blocks of mass 4
N.m. Calculate the angular momentum and the
kg & 2 kg respectively attached to the two ends kinetic energy of the plate at the end of the fifth
of a light string passing over a disc C of mass 40
second after the start.
kg and radius 0.1m. The disc is free to rotate
about a fixed horizontal axes, coinciding with its
29. A wheel of moment of inertia 0.500 kg-m2
own axis. The system is released from rest and
and radius 20.0 cm is rotating about its axis at
the string does not slip over the disc. Find :
an angular speed of 20.0 rad/s. It picks up a
stationary particle of mass 200 g at its edge.
Find new angular speed of the wheel.
30. A uniform circular disc can rotate freely about

A a rigid vertical axis through its centre O. A man
stands at rest at A on the edge due east of O.
B
The mass of the disc is 22 times the mass of the
(i) the linear acceleration of mass B.
man. The man starts walking anticlockwise. When
(ii) the number of revolutions made by the disc
he reaches the point A after completing one
at the end of 10 sec. from the start.
rotation relative to the disc he will be :
(iii) the tension in the string segment supporting
the block A.
31. Two identical disks are positioned on a vertical
axis. The bottom disk is rotating at angular
25. A mass m is attached to a pulley through a
velocity 0 and has rotational kinetic energy KE0.
cord as shown in the fig. The pulley is a solid disk
The top disk is initially at rest. It is allowed to
with radius R. The cord does not slip on the disk.
fall, and sticks to the bottom disk. What is the
The mass is released from rest at a height h from
rotational kinetic energy of the system after the
the ground and at the instant the mass reaches
collision?
the ground, the disk is rotating with angular
velocity . Find the mass of the disk.
R
m
0
h
32. A uniform ring is rotating about vertical axis
with angular velocity  initially. A point insect (S)
having the same mass as that of the ring starts
walking from the lowest point P1 and finally

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reaches the point P2 (as shown in figure). The 39. Two small spheres A & B respectively of mass
final angular velocity of the ring will be equal to m & 2m are connected by a rigid rod of length  &
negligible mass. The two spheres are resting on a
axis of
rotation
horizontal, frictionless surface. When A is suddenly
given the velocity v0 as shown. Find velocities of
A & B after the rod has rotated through 180°.
O P2 A v0
90°

P1 S
B
33. A particle of mass 10 kg is moving with a
40. A uniform rod of mass m and length  is struck
uniform speed of 6m/sec. in x-y plane along the at an end by a force F perpendicular to the rod
line 3y = 4x+ 10 the magnitude of its angular for a short time interval t. Calculate
momentum about the origin in kg –m 2/s is (a) the speed of the centre of mass,
(b) the angular speed of the rod about the centre
(D) COMBINED TRANSLATIONAL + of mass,
ROTATIONAL MOTION (c) the kinetic energy of the rod and
(d) the angular momentum of the rod about the
34. A sphere of mass m rolls on a plane surface.
centre of mass after the force has stopped to
Find its kinetic energy at an instant when its
act. Assume that t is so small that the rod does
centre moves with speed v.
not appreciably change its direction while the force
acts.
35. A cylinder rolls on a horizontal plane surface.
If the speed of the centre is 25 m/s, what is the
41. A hollow cylinder with inner radius R, outer
speed of the highest point ?
radius 2R mass M is rolling with speed of its axis v.
Its kinetic energy is
36. A small spherical ball is released from a point
at a height h on a rough track shown in figure.
Assuming that it does not slip anywhere, find its
linear speed when it rolls on the horizontal part of R
the track.
42. The cylinder shown, with mass M and radius

R, has a radially dependent density. The
h cylinder starts from rest and rolls without
slipping down an inclined plane of height H. At
the bottom of the plane of height H. At the
bottom of the plane its translational speed is
37. A sphere starts rolling down an incline of (8gH/7)1/2. Which of the following is the
inclination . Find the speed of its centre when it rotational inertia of the cylinder?
has covered a distance . R
M
38. A solid uniform sphere of mass m is released
from rest from the rim of a hemispherical cup so H
that it rolls without sliding along the surface. If
the rim of the hemisphere is kept horizotnal, find
the normal force exerted by the cup on the ball
when the ball reaches the bottom of the cup.

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS

Exercise - IV TOUGH SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
1. A thin uniform rod of mass M and length L is 6. A carpet of mass ‘M’ made of inextensible
hinged at its upper end, and released from rest in material is rolled along its length in the form of a
a horizontal position. The tension at a point cylinder of radius ‘R’ and is kept on a rough floor.
located at a distance L/3 from the hinge point, The carpet starts unrolling without sliding on the
when the rod becomes vertical, will be floor when a negligibly small push is given to it.
The horizontal velocity of the axis of the cylindrical
2. A rigid horizontal smooth rod AB of mass 0.75 part of the carpet when its radius reduces to R/2
kg and length 40 cm can rotate freely about a will be :
fixed vertical axis through its mid point O. Two
rings each of mass 1 kg are initially at rest a
distance of 10 cm from O on either side of the
rod. The rod is set in rotation with an angular R R/2
velocity of 30 radians per second. The velocity
of each ring along the length of the rod in m/s
then they reach the ends of the rod is
7. A slightly loosely fit window is balanced by
two strings which are connected to weights w/2
each. The strings pass over the frictionless pulleys
C D as shown in the figure. The strings are tied almost

A B at the corner of the window. The string on the
O right is cut and then the window accelerates
downwards. If the coefficients of friction between
the window and the side supports is  then
calculate the acceleration of the window in terms
3. A straight rod AB of mass M and length L is of , a, b and g, where a is width and b is the
placed on a frictionless horizontal surface. A length of the window.
horizontal force having constant magnitude F and
a fixed direction starts acting at the end A. The
rod is initially perpendicular to the force. The initial
acceleration of end B is
w/2 w/2
4. A wheel is made to roll without slipping, towards w b
right, by pulling a string wrapped around a coaxial
a
spool as shown in figure. With what velocity the
string should be pulled so that the centre of the fixed window support
wheel moves with a velocity of 3 m/s?
8. A uniform wood door has mass m, height h,

and width w. It is hanging from two hinges
0.3m C attached to one side; the hinges are located h/3
0.1m
and 2h/3 from the bottom of the door. Suppose
B String
A that m = 20.0 kg, h = 2.20 m, and w = 1.00 m
and the bottom smooth hinge is not screwed into
the door frame. Find the forces acting on the
5. A solid uniform disk of mass m rolls without door.
slipping down a fixed inclined plane with an
acceleration a. The frictional force on the disk
due to surface of the plane is :

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(d) Find the angular velocity with which the rod

W begins to rotate.
(e) Find minimum value of impulse P if B passes
com through a point vertically above A.
Hinges h
12. Two separate cylinders of masses m (= 1kg)

and 4m and radii R(=10cm) and 2R rotating in
clockwise direction with 1 = 100 rad/sec and 2
9. A hole of radius R/2 is cut from a solid sphere
= 200 rad/sec. Now they are held in contact with
of radius R. If the mass of the remaining plate is
each other as in fig. Determine their angular
M, then moment of inertia of the body about an
velocities after the slipping between the cylinders
axis through O perpendicular to plane is
stops.
_________.
R
O R/2
13. A circular disc of mass 300 gm and radius 20
cm can rotate freely about a vertical axis passing
through its centre of O. A small insect of mass
100 gm is initially at a point A on the disc (which
10. A uniform beam of length L and mass m is
is initially stationary) the insect starts walking
supported as shown. If the cable suddenly breaks,
from rest along the rim of the disc with such a
determine ;
time varying relative velocity that the disc rotates
in the opposite direction with a constant angular
(1/4)L acceleration = 2 rad/s2. After some time T, the
insect is back at the point A. By what angle has
the disc rotated till now ; as seen by a stationary
A B
earth observer ? Also find the time T.
L
(a) the acceleration of end B. 14. A spool of inner radius R and outer radius 3R
(b) the reaction at the pin support. has a moment of inertia = MR2 about an axis
passing through its geometric centre, where M is
the mass of the spool. A thread woudn on the
11. A thin rod AB of length a has variable mass inner surface of the spool is pulled horizontally
 x with a constant force = Mg. Find the acceleration
per unit length  0  1  where x is the distance
a of the point on the thread which is being pulled
measured from A and 0 is a constant. assuming that the spool rolls purely on the floor.
(a) Find the mass M of the rod.
(b) Find the position of centre of mass of the
rod.
(c) Find moment of inertia of the rod about an
axis passing through A and perpendicular to AB.
Rod is freely pivoted at A and is hanging in
equilibrium when it is struck by a horizontal impulse 15. A sphere of mass m and radius r is pushed
of magnitude P at the point B. onto the fixed horizontal surface such that it rolls
without slipping from the beginning. Determine

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS

the minimum speed v of its mass centre at the 18. One side of a spring of initial, unstretched
bottom so that it rolls completely around the loop length l0 = 1m, lying on a frictionless table, is
of radius (R + r) without leaving the track in fixed, the other one is fastened to a small puck
between. of mass m = 0.1kg. The puck is given velocity in
a direction perpendicular to the spring, at an
initial speed v0 = 11 m/s. In the course of the
(R+r) motion, the maximum elongation of the spring is l
Sphere = l0/10. What is the force constant of the spring
r V
(in SI units) ?
v0
16. Two uniform cylinders, each of mass m = 10
m
kg and radius r = 150 mm, are connected by a l0
rough belt as shown. If the system is released
from rest, determine
19. A block X of mass 0.5 kg is held by a long
r massless string on a frictionless inclined plane of
inclination 30º to the horizontal. The string is
wound on a uniform solid cylindrical drum Y of
mass 2kg and of radius 0.2 m as shown in the
figure. The drum is given an initial angular velocity
such that the block X starts moving up the plane.
r
(a) the velocity of the centre of cylinder A after Y

it has moved through 1.2 m &
X
(b) the tension in the portion of the belt connecting
the two cylinders.
(i) Find the tension in the string during the motion

17. A uniform rod of mass m and length l is resting
on a smooth horizontal surface. A particle of mass (ii) At a certain instant of time the magnitude of
m/2 travelling with a speed v0 hits the rod normally the angular velocity of Y is 10 rad/sec. Calculate
and elastically. Find final velocity of particle and the distance travelled by X from that instant of
the angular velocity of the rod. time until it comes to rest.
l/4 C Rod
(m, l)
v0
m/2
Top view

CBSE|SAT|NTSE

Exercise - V JEE-Problems
1. Let I be the moment of inertia of a uniform 5. A smooth sphere A is moving on a frictionless
square plate about an axis AB that passes through horizontal p lane with angular speed  and centre
its centre and is parallel to two of its sides. CD is of mass velocity v. It collides elastically and head
a line in the plane of the plate that passes on with an identical sphere B at rest. Neglect
through centre of the plate and makes an angle friction everywhere. After the collision, their
 with AB. The moment of inertia of the plate angularspeeds are A and B, respectively. Then
about the axis CD is then equal to [JEE’ 99]
(A) I (B) I sin2 (A) A < B (B) A = B
2
(C) I cos  (D) I cos2(/2) (C) A =  (D) B = 
[JEE’ 98]
 6. A disc of mass M and radius R is rolling with
2. The torque  on a body about a given point angular speed w on a horizontal as shown. The
   magnitude of angular momentum of the disc about
is found to be equal to A  L where A is a
 the origin O is : [JEE’ 99]
constant vector and L is the angular momentum y
of the body about that point. From this it follows
that  [JEE’ 98]

(A) dL / dt is perpendicular to L at all instants of
time
  M 
(B) the components of L in the direction of A
does not change with time O x
(C) the magnitude of L does not change with (A) (1/2) MR2  (B) MR2 
time (C) (3/2) MR2  (D) 2MR2 

(D) L does not change with time
7. A man pushes a cylinder of mass m1 with the
3. A uniform circular disc has radius R and mass help of a plank of mass m2 as shown. There is no
m. A particle also of mass m is fixed at a point A slipping at any contact. The horizontal component
on the wedge of the disc as in fig. The disc can of the force applied by the man is F. Find
rotate freely about a fixed horizontal chord PQ
F
that is at a distance R/4 from the centre C of m2
the disc. The line AC is perpendicular to PQ. m1
Initially the disc is held vertical with the point A
at its highest position. It is then allowed to fall
so that it starts rotating about PQ. Find the
linear speed of the particle at it reaches its lowest (a) the accelerations of the plank and the center
position. [JEE’ 98] of mass of the cylinder, and
A
(b) the magnitudes and directions of frictional
forces at contact points. [JEE’ 99]
8. A cubical block of side L rests on a rough
C
R/4 horizontal surface with coefficient of friction . A
horizontal force F is applied on the block as shown.
P Q
If the coefficient of friction is sufficiently high so
that the block does not slide before toppling, the
4. A cubical block of side a is moving with velocity minimum force required to topple the block is :
v on a horizontal smooth plane as shown. It hits
a ridge at point O. The angular speed of the F
block after it hits O is :
L
a
v
(A) infinitesimal (B) mg/4
M
O (C) mg/2 (D) mg(1 – )
////////////////// [JEE’ 2000]
(A) 3v/4a (B) 3v/2a 9. A thin wire of length L and uniform linear mass
density  is bent into a circular loop with centre
(C) 3 v / 2a (D) zero [JEE’ 99]
at O as shown. The moment of inertia of

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OLYMPIADS

the loop about the axis XX’ is : the laminar sheet is zero during the impact. Initially
the laminar sheet hits one of the obstacles with an
B
angular velocity 1 rad/s and turns back. If the impulse
x x' on the sheet due to each obstacle is 6N-s
90° A
O
Q
(A) L3/82 (B) L3/162 P
(C) 5L3/162 (D) 3L3/82
B
[JEE’ 2000]
10. An equilateral triangle ABC formed from a (a) Find the location of the centre of mass of the
uniform wire has two small identical beads initially laminar sheet from AB
located at AO. Then, the beads are released from (b) At what angular velocity does the laminar
rest simultaneously and allowed to slide down, sheet come back after the first impact ?
one along AB and the other AC as shown. (c) After how many impacts, does the laminar
Neglecting frictional effects, the quantities that sheet come to rest ? [JEE’ 2001]
are conserved as the beads slide down, are : 13. One quarter sector is cut from a uniform
circular disc of radius R. This sector has mass M.
It is made to rotate about a line perpendicular to
A
its plane and passing through the centre of the
original disc. Its moment of inertia about the axis
of rotation is
g
B O C
(A) angular velocity and total energy (kinetic and

potential)
(B) total angular momentum and total energy
(C) angular velocity and moment of inertia about
the axis of rotation
(D) total angular momentum and moment of inertia 1 1
about the axis of rotation. [JEE’ 2000] (A) MR2 (B) MR 2
2 4
11. A rod AB of Mass M and length L is lying on a
1
horizontal frictionless surface. A particle of mass (C) MR 2 (D) 2 MR2
m travelling along the surface hits the end ‘A’ of 8
the rod with a velocity v 0 in the direction [JEE’(Scr) 2001]
perpendicular to AB. The collision is completely 14. Three particles A, B and C, each of mass m,
elastic. After the collision the particle comes to are connected to each other by three massless
rest. [JEE’ 2000] rigid rods to form a rigid, equilateral triangular
(a) Find the ratio m/M body of side l. This body is placed on a horizontal
(b) A point P on the rod is at rest immediately frictionless table (x-y plane) and is hinged to it
after the collision. Find the distance AP at the point A so that it can move without friction
(c) Find the linear speed of the point P at a time about the vertical axis through A (see figure).
L/(3v0) after the collision The body is set into rotational motion on the
12. Two heavy metallic plates are joined together table about A with a constant angular velocity .
at 90º to each other. A laminar sheet of mass 30 y
Kg is hinged at the line AB joining the two heavy
metallic plates. The hinges are frictionless. The A
moment of inertia of the laminar sheet about an x
axis parallel to AB and passing through its centre
of mass is 1.2 Kg-m2. Two rubber obstacles P and 
Q are fixed, one on each metallic plate at a
distance 0.5 m from the line AB. This distance is F
chosen so that the reaction due to the hinges on
B l C

CBSE|SAT|NTSE

(a) Find the magnitude of the horizontal force of inertia of the system doubles. The kinetic
exerted by the hinge on the body energy of the system now is
(b) At time T, when the side BC is parallel to the [JEE’(Scr) 2004]
x-axis, a force F is applied on B along BC (as (A) 2K (B) K/2
shown). Obtain the x-component and the y- (C) K/4 (D) 4K
component of the force exterted by the hinge on
the body, immediately after time T. 19. A block of mass m is held fixed against a wall
by a applying a hor izontal force F. Which of the
15. A particle is moving in a horizontal uniform following option is incorrect :
circular motion. The angular momentum of the
particle is conserved about the point : F
[JEE’(Scr) 2003] 2a
a
(A) Centre of the circle (B) Outside the circle
(C) Inside the circle
2a
(D) Point on circumference
(A) friction force = mg
16. Two particles each of mass M are connected (B) F will not produce torque
by a massless rod of length l. The rod is lying on (C) normal will not produce torque
the smooth surface. If one of the particle is (D) normal reaction = F
given an impulse MV as shown in the figure then
angular velocity of the rod would be 20. A disc has mass 9m. A hole of radius R/3 is cut
from it as shown in the figure. The moment of inertia
of remaining part about an axis passing through
the centre ‘O’ of the disc and perpendicular to the
plane of the disc is :
R/3
2R/3
Mv M O
R
(A) v/l (B) 2v/l
(C) v/2 l (D) none (A) 8 mR2 (B) 4 mR2

[JEE’(Scr) 2003]
40 37
(C) mR 2 (D) mR 2
17. A disc is rolling (without slipping) on a 9 9
horizontal surface. C is its center and Q and P [JEE’(Scr) 2005]
are two points equidistant from C. Let Vp, VQ and
VC be the magnitude of velocities of points P, Q 21. A particle moves in circular path with
and C respectively, then decreasing speed. Which of the following is correct

(A) L is constant
Q 
C (B) only direction of L is constant

P (C) acceleration a is towards the centre
(D) it will move in a spiral and finally reach the
centre
(A) VQ > VC > VP (B) VQ < VC < VP [JEE’(Scr) 2005]
1
(C) VQ = Vp, VC  VP (D) VQ < VC > VP 22. A wooden log of mass M and length L is hinged
2 by a frictionless nail at O. A bullet of mass m
[JEE’(Scr) 2004] strikes with velocity v and sticks to it. Find angular
velocity of the system immediately after the
18. A child is standing with folded hands at the collision about O.
centre of a platform rotating about its central
axis. The kinetic energy of the system is K. The
child now stretches his arms so that the moment

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS

O
A C
L hA hC
M B
m
v (A) hA > hC ; KB > KC (B) hA > hC ; KC > KA
[JEE’ 2005]
(C) hA = hC ; KB = KC (D) hA < hC ; KB > KC
23. A cylinder of mass m and radius R rolls down
28. There is a rectangular plate of mass M kg of
an inclined plane of inclination . Calculate the
dimensions (a × b). The plate is held in horizontal
linear acceleration of the axis of cylinder.
position by striking n small balls each of mass m
[JEE’ 2005]
per unit area per unit time. These are striking in
the shaded half region of the plate. The balls are
24. Two identical ladders, each of mass M and
colliding elastically with velocity v. What is v ?
length L are resting on the rough horizontal surface
[JEE’ 2006]
as shown in the figure. A block of mass m hangs
from P. If the system is in equilibrium, find the b
magnitude and the direction of frictional force at
A and B. [JEE’ 2005] a
P
L m
It is given n = 100, M = 3 kg, m = 0.01 kg; b = 2
m, a = 1m; g = 10 m/s2.
  Paragraph for Question Nos. 29 to 31 (3

A B questions)
Two discs A and B are mounted coaxially on a
vertical axle. The discs have moments of inertia I
25. A solid sphere of mass M, radius R and having and 2I respectively about the common axis. Disc
moment of inertia about an axis passing through A is imparted an initial angular velocity 2 using
the centre of mass as I, is recast into a disc of the entire potential energy of a spring compressed
thickness t, whose moment of inertia about an by a distance x1. Disc B is imparted an angular
axis passing through its edge and perpendicular velocity  by a spring having the same spring
to its plane remains I. Then, radius of the disc constant and compressed by a distance x2. Both
will be [JEE’ 2006] the discs rotate in the clockwise direction.
(A) 2R / 15 (B) R 2 / 15 Q.29 The ratio x1/x2 is [JEE’ 2007]
(A) 2 (B) 1/2
(C) 4 R / 15 (D) R/4 (C)  2 (D) 1/ 2
26. A solid cylinder of mass m and radius r is 30. When disc B is brought in contact with disc
rolling on a rough inclined plane of inclination . A, they acquire a common angular velocity in time
The coefficient of friction between the cylinder t. The average frictional torque on one disc by
and incline is . Then [JEE’ 2006] the other during this period is [JEE’ 2007]
(A) frictional force is always mg cos  (A) 2I/(3t) (B) 9I/(2t)
(B) friction is a dissipative force (C) 9I/(4t) (D) 3I/(2t)
(C) by decreasing , frictional force decreases
(D) friction opposes translation and supports 31. The loss of kinetic energy during the above
rotation process is [JEE’ 2007]
(A) I2 / 2 (B) I2 /3
27. A ball moves over a fixed track as shown in (C) I2 /4 (D) I2 / 6
the figure. From A to B the ball rolls without
slipping. Surface BC is frictionless. KA, KB and KC 32. A small object of uniform density rolls up a
are kinetic energies of the ball at A, B and C, curved surface with an initial velocity v. It reaches
respe0ctively. Then [JEE’ 2006] up to a maximum height of 3v2 / (4g) with respect
to the initial position. The object is [JEE’ 2007]

CBSE|SAT|NTSE

36. A sphere is rolling without slipping on a fixed

horizontal plane surface. In the figure A is the
point of contact, B is the centre of the sphere
v and C is its topmost point Then, [JEE 2009]
C
(A) ring (B) solid sphere
(C) hollow sphere (D) disc
B
33. STATEMENT-1 If there is no external torque
on a body about its center of mass, then the
A
velocity of the center of mass remains constant
because    
(A) VC – VA  2( VB – VC )
STATEMENT-2
   
The linear momentum of an isolated system (B) VC – VB  VB – VA
remains constant.    
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; (C) | VC – VA |  2| VB – VC |
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for   
Statement-1 (D) | VC – VA |  4| VB |
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for 37. A boy is pushing a ring of mass 2 kg and
Statement-1 radius 0.5 m with a stick as shown in the figure.
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False The stick applies a force of 2 N on the ring and
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True rolls it without slipping with an acceleration of
[JEE 2007] 0.3 m/s2. The coefficient of friction between the
34. STATEMENT-1 ground and ring is large enough that rolling always
Two cylinders, one hollow (metal) and the other occurs and the coefficient of friction between
solid (wood) with the same mass and identical the stick and the ring is (P/10). The value of P
dimensions are simultaneously allowed to roll with- is?
out slipping down an inclined plane from the same stick [JEE 2011]
height. The hollow cylinder will reach the bottom
of the inclined plane first.
STATEMENT-2
By the principle of conservation of energy, the
total kinetic energies of both the cylinders are
identical when they reach the bottom of the in-
cline. Ground
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True;
STATEMENT-2 is a correct explanation for STATE-
MENT-1 38. A thin uniform rod, pivoted at O is rotating in
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; the horizontal plane with constant angular speed
STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for , as shown in the figure. At time t = 0, small
STATEMENT-1 insect starts from O and moves with constant
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False speed  with respect to the rod towards the other
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True end. it reaches the end of the rod at t = T and
[JEE-2008] stops. The angular speed of the system remains

 throughout. The magnitude of the torque    on
35. If the resultant of all the external forces act-
the system about O, as a function of time is best
ing on a system of particles is zero, then from an
represented by which plot?
inertial frame, one can surely say that
Z
[JEE 2009]
(A) linear momentum of the system does not
change in time
(B) kinetic energy of the system does not change
in time
(C) angular momentum of the system does not O
change in time
(D) potential energy of the system does not
change in time

CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS

41. Consider a disc rotating in the horizontal plane

with a constant angular speed  about its centre
O. The disc has a shaded region on one side of
the diameter and an unshaded region on the other
(A) (B) side as shown in the figure. When the disc is in
the orientation as shown, two pebbles P and Q
0 t 0 t
T T are simultaneously projected at an angle towards
R. The velocity of projection is in the y-z plane
and is same for both pebbles with respect to the
disc. Assume that (i) they land back on the disc
before the disc has completed 1/8 rotation, (ii)
(C) (D) their range is less than half the disc radius, and
0 t 0 t (iii)  remains constant throughout. Then
T T
y R
[JEE 2012]
x Q
39. A small mass m is attached to a massless O
string whose other end is fixed at P as shown in
the figure. The mass is undergoing circular motion P
in the x-y plane with centre at O and constant (A) P lands in the shaded region and Q in the
angular speed .If the angular momentum of the unshaded region
system, calculated about O and P are denoted (B) P lands in the unshaded region and Q in the
  shaded region
by L0 and LP respectively, then.
(C) Both P and Q land in the unshaded region
z
(D) Both P and Q land in the shaded region
P [JEE 2012]
Paragraph for Question Nos. 42 to 43

m The general motion of a rigid body can be
O
considered to be a combination of (i) a motion of
its centre of mass about an axis, and (ii) its motion
  about an instantaneous axis passing through the
(A) L0 and LP do not vary with time
  centre of mass. These axes need not be
(B) L0 varies with time while LP remains constant stationary. Consider, for example, a thin uniform
 
(C) L0 remains constant while LP varies with time disc welded (rigidly fixed) horizontally at its rim
  to a massless stick, as shown in the figure. When
(D) L0 and LP both vary with time.
the disc-stick system is rotated about the origin
[JEE 2012]
on a horizontal frictionless plane with angular
40. A lamina is made by removing a small disc of speed , the motion at any instant can be taken
diameter 2R from a bigger disc of uniform mass as a combination of (i) a rotation of the centre of
density and radius 2R, as shown in the figure. mass of the disc about the z-axis, and (ii) a
The moment of inertia of this lamina about axes rotation of the disc through an instantaneous
passing through O and P is Io and IP, respec- vertical axis passing through its centre of mass
tively. Both these axes are perpendicular to the (as is seen from the changed orientation of points
P and Q). Both these motions have the same
IP
plane of the lamina. The ratio I to the nearest angular speed in this case.
o
integer is [JEE 2012]
Now consider two similar systems as shown in

the figure: Case (a) the disc with its face vertical
and parallel to x-z plane; case (b) the disc with
its face making an angle of 45o with x-y plane

CBSE|SAT|NTSE

and its horizontal diameter parallel to x-axis. In

both the cases, the disc is welded at point P, and
the systems are rotated with constant angular
speed about the z-axis.
(A) the point O has a linear velocity 3Rˆi 

(B) the po int P has a line ar v eloc ity
Case (a) Case (b)
42. Which of the following statements about the 11 ˆ 3 ˆ
R i  Rk
instantaneous axis (passing through the centre 4 4
of mass) is correct ? (C) the po int P has a line ar v eloc ity
(A) It is vertical for both the cases (a) and (b).
(B) It is vertical for case (a); and is at 45o to the 13 3 ˆ
R î  Rk
x-z plane and lies in the plane of the disc for 4 4
case (b). (D) the po int P has a line ar v eloc ity
(C) It is horizontal for case (a); and is at 45o to
 
the x-z plane and is normal to the plane of the  3  3 R î  1 Rk
ˆ
disc for case (b).  4  4
 
(D) It is vertical for case (a); and is at 45o to the
[JEE 2012]
x-z plane and is normal to the plane of the disc
for case (b). [JEE 2012]
45. Two solid cylinders P and Q of same mass and
same radius start rolling down a fixed inclined
43. Which of the following statements regarding
plane from the same height at the same time.
the angular speed about the instantaneous axis
Cylinder P has most of its mass concentrated
(passing through the centre of mass) is correct
near its surface, while Q has most of its mass
(A) It is 2  for both the cases. concentrated near the axis. Which statement(s)
is(are) correct?
 (A) Both cylinders P and Q reach the ground at
(B) It is  for case (a); and for case (b).
2 the same time.
(B) Cylinder P has larger linear acceleration than
(C) It is for case (a); and 2  for case (b).
cylinder Q.
(D) It is  for both the cases. [JEE 2012] (C) Both cylinders reach the ground with same
translational kinetic energy.
44. The figure shows a system consisting of (i) a (D) Cylinder Q reaches the ground with larger
ring of outer radius 3R rolling clockwise without angular speed.
slipping on a horizontal surface with angular speed [JEE 2012]
and (ii) an inner disc of radius 2R rotating anti-
clockwise with angular speed 2. The ring and
disc are separated by frictionless ball bearings.
The system is in the x-z plane. The point P on
the inner disc is at a distance R from the origin,
where OP makes an angle of 30 o with the
horizontal. Then with respect to the horizontal
surface.
IIT-JEE|AIEEE
CBSE|SAT|NTSE

OLYMPIADS

Exercise-I
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. C
7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C
13. A 14. C 15. C 16. C 17. D 18. B
19. B 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A
25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C
31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. C
37. C 38. B 39. D 40. A 41. B 42. A
43. D 44. B 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. B
49. B 50. B 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. D
55. A 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. C 60. A
61. C 62. B 63. B 64. D 65. D 66. C
67. A 68. C 69. C 70. A 71. D 72. C
73. A 74. D 75. C 76. B 77. D
Exercise-II
1. A,B,C,D 2. B,C 3. A,D 4. B,C,D 5. A,B,D 6. A,B,C

7. A,C,D 8. B 9. A,C,D 10. A,C,D 11. C 12. B,C,D
13. A 14. C 15. B,C 16. A,C 17. B,C 18. A,B,C,D
19. B,D 20. A,B,C 21. A,B,C 22. C 23. B,C,D 24. A,C,D
25. A,B,D
Exercise-III
2
MR 2  4R  14mr 2 Ml 2
1. – M  2. 3. 2r 4. 5. 2mR2
2  3  5 2
6. w  sin , when the bob is at the lowest point 7. –14 i  10 j – 9k
mg 3Ft 2
8. P= cot  9.
2 2m
3g 13mg 3 3 3 3
10. (a) ( cw ) (b) N  16 , F   16  mg  (c)
4L   16
2g
11.  12. w = 5 rad/s 13. at a distance a / 2 3 from the centre down the plane.
5
100 R2 2
14. 12 gm 15. N 16. 13 W / 12 17. 18. 2.1 rad/s2 19. 15
. 2 sec
3 4g
mgl
20. 48 21. gr/bh 22. 23. 2 24. (i) 10/13 m/s2, (ii) 5000/26, (iii) 480/13 N
8
CBSE|SAT|NTSE

OLYMPIADS
IVRS No. 0744-2439051/ 52 / 53, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com Nurturing potential through education
 2gh 
25. M = 2m 2 2 – 1 26.16 kg m2/s 27. 2k kg m 2 / s 28. 0.5 kg – m2/s, 75 J
R  

29. 19.7 rad/s 30. 60° east of south, 30° south of east. 31. (1/2)KE0 32.
3
7 10 gh 10 17
33. 120 34. mv 2 35. 50m/s 36. 37. g sin 38. mg
10 7 7 7
v0 2v Ft 6Ft 2F 2 t 2 Ft 13 3
39. (), 0 () 40. (a) (b) (c) (d) 41. Mv 2 42. MR 2
3 3 m m m 2 16 4
Exercise-IV
14gR
1. 2mg 2. 3 3. 2F/M 4. 2m/s 5. 1/2 ma 6. v =
3
 b – a  3mgw 9g 4mg
7. a    g 8. Fdlx = and Fduy = mg 9. 57/140 MR2 10. (a)  (b) 
 3b  a  2h 7 7
3 0 a 5a 7a3 0 18P M
11. (a) (b) , (c) , (d) , (e) 70ag 12. 300 rad/sec, 150 rad/sec
2 9 12 7Ma 9
27 3 200
13. t = 2 / 5 sec, q = 4p/5 rad 14. 16 m/s2 15. v = gR 16. (a) 4 m / s, (b) N
7 7 7
1
17. – v0 18. 210 19. 1.63 N, 1.224 m
15
Exercise-V
1. A 2. A,B,C 3. v  5gR 4. A 5. C 6. C
4F 8F 3 m1 F m1 F
7. ac  (3m  8m ) , ap  ( 3m  8m ) ; f1  (3m  8m ) , f2  (3m  8m )
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
8. C 9. D 10. B
m 1 2L v0
11. (a)  ; (b) x  ; (c)
M 4 3 2 2
12. (a) 1 = 0.1m; (b) w = 1 rad/s; (c) laminar sheet will never come to rest
2 2
13. A 14. (a) 3 m  l, (b) Fx = F/4, Fy = 3 m l
15. A 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B
3 mv 2g sin
21. B 22.   23. a axis 
( 3m  M) L 3
cot 
24. f  (M  m) g 25. A 26. C,D 27. A,B 28. 10m/s
2
29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. D
34. D 35. A 36. B,C
37. 0004 38. B 39. C 40. 0003 41. C 42. A 43. D
44. A,B 45. D
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OLYMPIADS
IVRS No. 0744-2439051/ 52 / 53, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com Nurturing potential through education

Rotational Dynamics

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What are the different topics covered in rotational motion?

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What is the difference between moment of inertia and angular momentum?

What is the difference between moment of inertia and angular momentum?

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S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

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Pure Translational Pure Rotational Combined Translational and

1.1. Pure Translational Motion :

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1.2. Pure Rotational Motion :

r = distance of particle from the axis of rotation. 

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1.3 Combined translation and rotational Motion

2.1 Moment of Inertia of a Single Particle

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where the integral is taken over the system.

(A) Uniform rod about a perpendicular bisector

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more than dx. As the plate is uniform,

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(E) Moment of inertia of a hollow cylinder about its axis

The moment of inertia of this elemental ring about OX is

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moment of inertia of the hollow sphere is, therefore,

(H) Moment of inertia of a uniform solid sphere about a diameter

The mass per unit volume of the solid sphere

Its moment of inertia about the diameter OX is, therefore,

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3. THEOREMS OF MOMENT OF INERTIA

Two such axes are shown in figure for a body of mass M. If r is

Ex 5. Three rods each of mass m and length l are joined A

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3.2 Theorem of perpendicular axes

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5.1 Torque about point :

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0 = 15sin37 × 6 + 20 sin 30° × 4 – 10 × 4

Ex.16 A particle having mass m is projected with a velocity

5.2 Torque about axis :

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in inward direction then AB = r F and direction of this

If F1 or F2 is applied to body, body revolves in anti-clockwise direction and F3 makes body

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Fnet x = 0 and Fnet y = 0 and

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g and the contact force N + N = 2 N due to the floor. Thus

Sol. Free body diagram of the plank is shown in figure. N2 T

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7. RELATION BETWEEN TORQUE AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION

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