Understanding

Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Cultural, Social, Political and
Economic Symbols and Practices
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Symbols and
Practices
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort
has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Ronilo AJ K. Firmo, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ricky M. Mempin
Editors: Edgene L. Castillo
Ann Christian A. Francisco
Reviewers: Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Nelie D. Sacman, PhD
Christian C. Linsangan
Illustrator: Cristoni A. Macaraeg
Layout Artists: Agnes P. Baluyot
Jonathan Paranada
Ryan Pastor
Management Team:
Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, PhD
Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD
Ramil G. Ilustre, PhD.
Larry B. Espiritu, PhD
Rodolfo A. Dizon, PhD
Nelie D. Sacman, PhD
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region III
Office Address: Matalino St. D. M. Government Center, Maimpis, City of San Fernando(P)
Telephone Number: (045) 598-8580 to 89
E-mail Address:region3@deped.gov.ph
 Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Cultural, Social, Political and
Economic Symbols and Practices
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics/ Grade 12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on cultural, social, political and economic
symbols and practices!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learners:

This module will let you know about the significance of cultural, social,
political and economic symbols and practices. It will help you understand and
analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols and
practices. This module is designed to provide fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

ii
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

iii
 At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols and
practices.

This module is composed of one lesson:

 Lesson 1: Looking Back at Human Bio-cultural and Social Evolution

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. trace the biological and cultural evolution of early modern humans;

2. describe the sociocultural advancements that happened during
hominization;
3. analyze key feature of interrelationships of bio-cultural, cultural and
socio-political processes in human evolution that can still be used and
developed; and
4. explore the significance of human material remains and artefactual
evidence in interpreting cultural and social, including political and
economic processes.

What I Know

MATCHING TYPE. Match the terms in column A with their meanings found in
Column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Answer COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. It is the natural process of biological
change occurring in a population a. Civilization
across successive generations.
2. This species is also known as the b. Evolution
“Handy Man”.
3. It refers to a relatively high level of c. Hominization
cultural and technological development
of human beings. d. homo erectus

1
4. This species is also known as e. homo florensiensis
the“Upright Man”.
5. It refers to the cultural period of flaked f. homo habilis
and polished stone implements.
6. It is the evolutionary of human g. homo heidelbergensis
characteristics that differentiate
homonids. h. homo sapien
7. It is the first of early human species to
live in colder climates. i. Homo sapiens sapiens
8. It is the species name that means “wise
man”. j. Neanthertalensis
9. It refers to the cultural period of simple
pebble stone. k. Neolithic age
10. It is a subspecies known as Cro
Magnon. l. iron age

11.This is species that has a nicknamed m. paleolithic

“Hobbit”.
12..It refers to the cultural period mass n. pastoral society
production of steel tools and weapons.
13.It was organized along male-centered o. post industrial
kinship group.
14.It is characterized by the spread of
computer industries.
15.It is subspecies with short yet stocky in
body builds adapted to winter climates
especially in icy cold places in Europe
and Asia.

2
Lesson
Looking Back at Human Bio-
1 cultural and Social Evolution

It is a common understanding that change is the only permanent thing in

the world. Every living thing is dynamic and, as such undergoes transformation.
Likewise, man as the most important component of society, goes through
evolutionary changes that help him adapt to his environment. Baleña (2016)

What’s In

Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts about
viewing other cultures. Let us refresh our mind by answering the table.

COMPLETE THE TABLE. Find the words from the box that fit the descriptions
given. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Amalgation Real Culture Cultural Relativism

Acculturation Cultural Diversity Ethnocentrism

1. It refers to belief that one’s native culture is

superior to or the most natural among other
cultures.
2.
This refers to the different cultures in the
globalized worldview all lumped together
paving the way for redefining Filipino
cultural identity.
3.
It includes the values and norms that are
actually followed by a culture.
4. It is the process of change in artefacts,
customs, and beliefs that result from the
contact of two or more cultures.
5.
Immerse oneself in another culture in order
to appreciate it fully.

3
 Notes to the Teacher
This Alternative Delivery Mode has been developed to help
you facilitate the learners to understand the significance of
cultural, social, political and economic symbols and practices.

What’s New

Pandemic Alert!

A Brief History of Human Coronaviruses

On January 9 of this year, Chinese state media reported that a team of

researchers led by Xu Jianguo had identified the pathogen behind a mysterious
outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan as a novel coronavirus. Although the virus was
soon after named 2019-nCoV, and then renamed SARS-CoV-2, it remains
commonly known simply as the coronavirus. While that moniker has been
catapulted into the stratosphere of public attention, it’s somewhat misleading: Not
only is it one of many coronaviruses out there, but you’ve almost certainly been
infected with members of the family long before SARS-CoV-2’s emergence in late
2019.

Coronaviruses take their name from the distinctive spikes with rounded tips
that decorate their surface, which reminded virologists of the appearance of the
sun’s atmosphere, known as its corona. Various coronaviruses infect numerous
species, but the first human coronaviruses weren’t discovered until the mid-1960s.
“That was sort of the golden days, if you will, of virology, because at that time the
technology became available to grow viruses in the laboratory, and to study viruses
in the laboratory,” says University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
pediatrician Jeffrey Kahn, who studies respiratory viruses. But the two
coronaviruses that were identified at the time, OC43 and 229E, didn’t elicit much
research interest, says Kahn, who wrote a review on coronaviruses a few years after
the SARS outbreak of 2003. “I don't believe there was a big effort to make vaccines

4
against these because these were thought to be more of a nuisance than anything
else.”
The viruses cause typical cold symptoms such as a sore throat, cough, and
stuffy nose, and they seemed to be very common; one early study estimated that 3
percent of respiratory illnesses in a children’s home in Georgia over seven years in
the 1960s had been caused by OC43, and a 1986 study of children and adults in
northern Italy found that it was rare to come across a subject who did not have
antibodies to that virus (an indicator of past infection).

Coronaviruses’ mild-mannered reputation changed with the SARS outbreak.

Although related to OC43 and 229E, SARS-CoV was far deadlier, killing about 10
percent of people it infected—a total of 774 worldwide, according to the United
Kingdom’s National Health Service. While it’s still unclear exactly where SARS-CoV
came from, similar viruses were later found in bats, and some studies suggested
the virus could have jumped to humans via an intermediary such as civets.

A new virus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome

coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of a disease
outbreak that began in China in 2019. The disease is called coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19).

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO)

declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Public health groups, including the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO, are
monitoring the pandemic and posting updates on their websites. These
groups have also issued recommendations for preventing the spread of

Article Retrive from

https://www.thescientist.com/newsopinion/abriefhistoryofhumancoronaviruses-
67600

5
 What is It

Looking Back at Human Bio-cultural and Social Evolution

Evolution is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a

population across successive generations. It helps us identify and analyze man’s
physiological development which is important in his subsistence. Baleña (2016)

In both anthropology and sociology, it is significant to study evolution.

Everything that people have at parent is a product of millions of year’s drastic
changes in earth. These changes have significantly taken their toll on all living
creatures. Their impact is manifested in the form of adaptation, since failure to
evolve means extinction. Culture and society exist because of evolution. Baleña
(2016)

Figure retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution

6
Australopithecus

According to Baleña (2016), the fossil which assumes to be the intermediate

between Man and Ape was discovered in Pleistocene cave deposited of South Africa
in 1924 by Dart. Australopithecus has been divided into four species based on the
thin teeth, jaw and brain size. They are:

a. Australopithecus Aferensis

It has a brain size a little larger than chimpanzees. Size is about 400 to 500
cc. Chinless lower jaw, flat nose, ape like face with a sloping forehead and they
lived between 3 and 3.9 million years ago.

b. Australopithecus Africanus

This was quite similar to Australopithecus aferensis. Brain size was ranging
up to 500 cc. The shape of the jaw was like human and size of the chewing teeth
remained large. They lived between 2 and 3 million years ago.

c. Australopithecus Robustus

Its brain size was up to 525 cc. Large face, was flat and with no forehead.
Size of jaw and chewing teeth were large. They lived between 1.5 and 2 million
years ago.

d. Australopithecus Boisei

They were quite similar to Robustus. Brain size was up to 525 cc. Size of jaw
and chewing teeth were large. They lived 1.1 and 2.1 million years ago.

Homonization

According to Baleña (2016), for humans, history started at homonization

the evolutionary of human characteristics that differentiate homonids (organisms
belonging in the Homo genus) distinct from their primate ancestors.

Homonids

According to Baleña (2016), homonids differ from their predecessor, the

australopithecines, in the series that they were the first to use stone stools for
survival. Both general are known to be bipedal, but beings in the genus Homo have
expanded brains enlarged bodies, less sexual dimorphism, narrower limb
proportions, reduce size of cheek, teeth and crania.

7
Homo Rudolfensis

According to Baleña (2016), the first homonid is homo rudolfensis

discovered by anthropologists Richard Leakey and Meave Leakey in Kenya in 1972.
However, some scholars believe that this species should be classified under the
genus Australopithecus, since its molar and premolar teeth resemble those of its
predecessor, although its brain is similar to those of the other homonids.

Homo Habilis

It is to the homo habilis nonetheless that people owe their first relics of tools.
Tool using is not confined to humans, but scholars said that this species has
shown remarkable efficiency in a creative matter. The species name means “Handy
man” because the ability to make and use tools. This species is recognized to the
first true human. Lived about 1.4 to 2.4 million years ago scavenging for food.
Baleña (2016).

Homo Erectus

Remains of the most famous of all fossils so called Java, “ape-man”, erectus
were discovered near Trinil, Java by the Dutch physician Eugene Dubois (1891).
The fossil collection includes a skull cap, a thigh bone and two molar teeth. Cranial
capacity was 900-1000 cc. The cranium was low especially in the frontal regions,
and the bony brow ridges above the eyes were comparatively heavy. Probably they
even knew how to use fire and small tool of wood and stone but there is no
evidence that they used fire. The species name means “Upright man” with body
proportion similar to that of modern humans. Baleña (2016)

Peking Man - Brain Capacity was 850 to 1200 cc. Thick cranial walls, low
receding forehead, low cranial dome, Mandible chinless with massive canine teeth.
Peking man is supposed to be the variant of Java man. This man was the first to
use fire for cooking. Baleña (2016)

Homo Floresiensis

Species nicknamed “Hobbit” due to their small stature with a height of more
or less 3 feet and lived 95,000 to 17,000 years ago in the islands of Flores,
Indonesia. Baleña (2016)

Homo Heidelbergensis

Large heavy jaw like ape, with a combination of teeth, of moderate size. The
chin slopes away, teeth continuous in series. Heidelberg man moved freely in
Europe during the first half of Pleistocene. The cranial capacity was believed to be
about 1300 cc. They were the first of early human species to live in colder climates,
first to hunt large animals on routine basis using spears and first to construction
human shelter. Baleña (2016).

8
Homo Sapiens

The species to which all modern human beings belong. Homo sapiens is one
of several species grouped into the genus Homo, but it is the only one that is not
extinct. The species name means “wise man” that appeared from 200,000 years old.
Baleña (2016).

Homo Neanderthalensis

Neanderthals or the beings under the specie Homo Neanderthalensis, were

similar to Homo erectus, who walked. Subspecies with short yet stocky in body
builds adapted to winter climates especially in icy cold places in Europe and Asia.
This man was short heavily built. Eyebrows were heavily overhanging. Shoulders
stooped, head was thrust forward, and face large, upper jaw projected forward
cranium forward cranium low. Thigh bones curved, knees were bent slightly. The
first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and gathering food and sewing clothes
from animal skin using bone needles. Baleña (2016)

Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Subspecies known as Cro-Magnon characterized to be anatomically modern

humans and lived in the last Ice Age of Europe from 10,000 to 40,000 years ago.
First fossil found in the Cro-Magnon valley of France. Brain capacity of about 1600
cc. Large, narrow skull with broad face. Jaws were thick and had hominoid teeth.
They had erect posture and express their feelings by drawings and making
sculptures in cave. Baleña (2016)

Paleontological Evidences
According to Abulencia & Parernal (2016) gives four prime important factors
in determining the evolutionary trend of man from ape-like primate are:

1. The growth and elaboration of the brain

2. The perfection of the erect posture
3. A slowing down of post-natal development
4. The growth in human population

Early Humans and Their Culture

Baleña (2016). Humans are cultural beings. The physical as well as the
mental development of early human beings helped them understand and adapt to
their existing environment. Thus, their adjustment served as the onset of their
culture. Culture enables the members of society to develop way of coping with the
exigencies of nature as well as ways of harnessing their environment. The changes
made by man through his interaction with the environment establish the different
cultural evolution which determines man’s sociocultural development.

9
Humanization

According to Baleña (2016), humanization is the long process of improving

the humans’ everyday living through innovation, discovery, enhancing routines and
creating mechanism with the intention of harmonizing and harnessing the fullest
potentials of their fellow human beings. To understand the cultural development of
human, one must examine the materials and technological advancement that took
place in different periods of human history. In term used in each period generally
corresponded to widely used materials in that phase of development.

Cultural
Came From Time Frame Cultural Development
Period
 Use of simple pebble
“Paleolithic” has
Traditionally tools
derived from two
coincided with  Learned to live in caves
Greek words
the first  Discovered the use of
“Palaeo” which
evidence of fire
means “old”, and
Paleolithic tools  Developed small
“lithic” which
Age construction sculptures, and
means “stone”.
and use by monumental painting,
Homosome 2.5 incised designs, and
Thus, Paleolithic
million years reliefs on the walls of
Age pertains to the
ago caves
old stone period.
 Food collecting cultures
 Used small stone tools,
The term was
also polished and
coined with Greek
sometimes crafted with
words “mesos”
point and attached to
which means
antlers
“middle”, and
 Bone or wood to serve
“lithic” which About 10,000
Mesolithic as spears and arrows
means “stone”. B.C to 8,000
Age  They often lived
B.C
nomadically in camp
Thus Mesolithic
near rivers and other
Age pertains to the
bodies of water.
middle stone
 Agriculture was
period.
introduced during this
time
The term was  Stone tools were shaped
coined with Greek by polishing or grinding
words “neo” which Occurred  Settlement in
Neolithic means “new”, and something permanent villages
Age “lithic” which about 10,000  Dependence on
means “stone”. BCE domesticated plants
and animals
Thus, Neolithic  Appearance of such

10
 Age pertains to the crafts as pottery and
old stone period. weaving
 Food producing
cultures
 Used for weapons and
tools, the harder metal
replaced its stone
predecessors and
helped spark
innovations including
the ox-drawn plow and
the wheel.
 Advances in
Metalworking
architecture and art.
advances were
About 3,000  Invention of the potter’s
made, as bronze, a
Bronze Age B.C to 1,300 wheel
copper and tin
B.C  Textiles (clothing)
alloy, was
consisted of mostly wool
discovered
items such as skirt,
kilts, tunics and cloak.
 Home dwelling morphed
so called roundhouse,
consisting of a circular
stone wall with a
thatched or turf roof
 Organized government,
law and welfare
 At the time, the metal
was seen as more
precious than gold and
wrought iron (which
would be replaced by
steel with the advent of
smelting iron
 Mass production of
The discovery of
Roughly 1,300 steel tools and weapons
The Iron ways to heat and
B.C. to 900  Advances in
Age forge iron kicked of
B.C. architecture, with four
the iron age.
room home
 Writing systems and
written documentation,
including alphabets
began emerge
 Agriculture, art and
religion all became
more sophisticated

11
 According to Baleña (2016). The evidences of a change in economic aspect
have resulted in the transformation of man’s way of life. Early societies started to
emerge as a result of man’s interaction with his environment. Every society is
organized in such a way that there will be rules of conduct, customs, traditions,
folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behavior among
members.

Types of Societies

Types of Society Characteristics

 It is the earliest form of human society.
 People survived by forgoing for vegetable foods and
small game, fishing, hunting larger wild animals
1. Hunting and Food
and collecting shellfish.
Gathering Society
 They subsisted from day to day on whatever was
available.
 They used tools made of stones, woods and bones.
 People learned to use human muscle power and
hand held tools to cultivate fields.
 It is classified as subsistence farming and surplus
farming.

Subsistence Farming:

 It involves only producing enough food to feed the

group.
 The settlements are small.
2. Horticultural  Neighborhood is solid.
Society  Political organization is confined in the village.
 Authority is based on positions inherited by males
through the kinship system.

Surplus Farming:

 Practiced in thickly populated and permanent

settlement.
 There was occupational specialization with prestige
differences.
 Social stratification was well established.
 The community tended to be structured by kinship
relations that are male dominated.
 It relied on herding and domestication of animals
3. Pastoral Society
for food and clothing to satisfy the greater needs of

12
 the group.
 Most pastoralists were nomads who followed their
herds in a never-ending quest for pasture and
water.
 It was organized along male-centered kinship group.
 This society was characterized by the used of the
plow in farming.
 Creation of the irrigation system provided farming
enough surplus for the community
4. Agricultural Society
 Ever growing populations came together in board
river-valley system.
 Social classes became entrenched, and the state
evolved.
 It is characterized by more than just the use of
mechanical means of production.
 It constitutes an entirely new forms of society that
requires an immerse, mobile diversity specialized,
high skilled and well-coordinated labor force.
5. Industrial Society  Industrialism brought about a tremendous shift of
populations.
 Kinship play smaller role in patterning public
affairs.
 The predominant form of social and political
organization in industrial society.
 It depends on specialized knowledge to bring about
continuing progress in technology.
 It is characterized by the spread of computer
industries.
6. Post-Industrial
 Knowledge and information are the hallmarks of
Societies
this society.
 It resulted in the homogenization of social relations
among individuals and the interaction between
humans and the natural environment.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1

WORD PUZZLE. Answer the given puzzle. Use the words from the box as your clues
to complete the word hunt. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

13
 WORD HUNT

Human Homo Habilis Homonids Neolithic

Paleolithic Humanization Homo Erectus Evolution
Homo Sapiens Sapiens Homonizatiom

Independent Assessment 1

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Read the following statements carefully. Write TRUE
if the statement is correct otherwise, change the underlined word or phrase to
make it correct. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

______________1. Bipedalism is an important characteristic of homo habilis.

______________2. The use of fire was developed during the paleolithic age.
______________3. Agriculture is the earliest form of human society.
______________4. Pastoral societies are organized along male-centered kinship
groups.
______________5. In post-industrial society, the predominant form of social and
political organization in industrial society is the bureaucracy.

Independent Activity 2

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the terms being described in the following statements.

Choose your answer from the box and then write it on a separate sheet of paper.

14
 Homo floresiensis Homo sapiens sapiens Homo rudolfensis
Homo sapiens Homo erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus
Homo heidelbergensis Homo neanderthalensis
Australopithecus aferensis

______________1. It is the subspecies known as Cro-Magnon.

______________2.This is the first of early human species to live in colder climates,
first to hunt large animals on routine basis using spears and first
to construction human shelter.
______________3.People owe their first relics of tools to them.
______________4.The first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and gathering
food and sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles.
______________5.It remains as the most famous of all fossil so called Java, “ape-
man”.
______________6.This is the species to which all modern human beings belong.
______________7.This species with a height of more or less 3 feet.
______________8.This fossil assumes to be the intermediate between Man and Ape
was discovered in Pleistocene cave deposited of South Africa in
1924 by Dart.
______________9.It was discovered by anthropologist Richard Leakey and Meave
Leakey.
_____________10.This species has a brain size a little larger than chimpanzees.

Independent Assessment 2

Identify the cultural period in the given cultural developments. Write P if it is

Paleolithic, M if it is Mesolithic, N if it is Neolithic, B if it is Bronze Age and I if it is
Iron Age. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

______1. Advances in architecture and art

______2. Settlement in permanent villages
______3. Writing systems and written documentation, including alphabets
began emerge
______4. Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving
______5. Discovered the use of fire
______6. Bone or wood to serve as spears and arrows
______7. Food collecting cultures
______8. Mass production of steel tools and weapons
______9. Organized government, law and welfare
______10. Agriculture was introduced during this time

15
Independent Activity 3

WORD PUZZLE. Complete the puzzle by filling in the word that fits each clue.
Choose your answer from the box and then write it on a separate sheet of paper.

Down
2. They subsisted from day to day on whatever was available.
3. Creation of the irrigation system provided farming enough surplus for the
community
4. Societies are highly secularized.
4. It relied on herding and the domestication of animals.
Across
1. It depends on specialized knowledge to bring about continuing progress in
technology.
5. People learned to use human.
6. Muscle power

Post-Industrial Industrial Horticultural

Agricultural Pastoral Hunting

16
Independent Assessment 3

Read each statement and fill out the missing letters to formulate the answers. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the long process of improving the humans’ everyday living?

M I T N

2. They often lived nomadically in camp near rivers and other bodies of water.

M O I H

3. They subsisted from day to day on whatever was available.

U N I N

4. Food producing cultures

N O I H C

5. Agriculture, art and religion all became more sophisticated.

I O

6. Political organization is confined in the village.

O R C T A L

7. Invention of the potter’s wheel.

B O Z E

8. It is the evolutionary of human characteristics that differentiate homonids.

O M I Z T N

9. Probably, they even knew how to use fire and small tool of wood and stone but
there is no evidence that they used fire.
E C S

17
10. Use of simple pebble tools

A E O T C

What I Have Learned

1. Evolution is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a population

across successive generations.
2. Australopithecus which assumes to be the intermediate between Man and Ape
was discovered in Pleistocene cave deposited of South Africa in 1924 by Dart.
3. Australopithecus has been divided into four species based on the thin teeth, jaw
and brain size. They are Australopithecus aferensis, Australopithecus africanus,
Australopithecus robustus and Australopithecus boisei.
4. Hominization is the evolutionary of human characteristics that differentiate
homonids (organisms belonging in the Homo genus) distinct from their primate
ancestors.
5. Homo Rudolfensis is the first homonid, discovered by anthropologist Richard
Leakey and Meave Leakey in Kenya in 1972.
6. Homo Habilis this specie name means “Handy man” because the ability to make
and use tools.
7. Homo Erectus this species name means “Upright man” with body proportion
similar to that of modern humans.
8. Homo Florensiensis this species nicknamed “Hobbit” due to their small stature
with a height of more or less 3 feet and lived 95,000 to 17,000 years ago in the
islands of Flores, Indonesia.
9. Homo Heidelbergensis the first of early human species to live in colder climates,
first to hunt large animals on routine basis using spears and first to
construction human shelter.
10.Homo Sapiens this species name means “wise man” that appeared from
200,000 years old.
11.Homo Neanderthalensis the first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and
gathering food and sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles.
12.Homo Sapiens Sapiens this subspecies known as Cro-Magnon characterized to
be anatomically modern humans and lived in the last Ice Age of Europe.
13.Humanization is the long process of improving the humans’ everyday living
through innovation, discovery, enhancing routines and creating mechanism
with the intention of harmonizing and harnessing the fullest potentials of their
fellow human beings.
14.Paleolithic Age pertains to the old stone period.
15.Mesolithic Age pertains to the middle stone period.
16.Neolithic Age pertains to the old stone period.
17.Hunting and Food Gathering Society is the earliest form of human society.

18
18.Horticultural Society, in this society the people learned to use human muscle
power and hand held tools to cultivate fields.
19.Pastoral Society it relied on herding and domestication of animals for food and
clothing to satisfy the greater needs of the group.
20.Agricultural Society was characterized by the used of the plow in farming
21.Industrial Society is characterized by more than just the use of mechanical
means of production.
22.Post-Industrial Societies it depends on specialized knowledge to bring about
continuing progress in technology.

19
 What I Can Do

POSTER MAKING. Based on what you have learned in this module, make a poster
of the significance of human materials remains and artefactual evidence. Do this on
a short bond paper.

20
RUBRICS FOR POSTER MAKING:

CATEGORY 5 3 2 1
All graphics All graphics All graphics Graphics do not
are related to are related to relate to the relate to the topic
the topic and the topic and topic. Most or several
make it easier most make it borrowed borrowed
Graphics – to easier to graphics graphics do not
Relevance understand. understand. have a have a source
All borrowed All borrowed source citation.
graphics have graphics have citation.
a source a source
citation. citation.
Several of the One or two of The graphics No graphics
graphics used the graphics are made by made by the
on the poster used on the the student, student are
reflect a poster reflect but are included.
exceptional student based on the
Graphics –
degree of creativity in designs or
Originality
student their creation ideas of
creativity in and/or others.
their creation display.
and/or
display.
The poster All required All but 1 of Several required
includes all elements are the required elements were
required included on elements are missing.
Required
elements as the poster. included on
Elements
well as the poster.
additional
information.
The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
Attractivene attractive in terms of attractive messy or very
ss terms of design, layout though it poorly designed.
design, layout, and neatness. may be a bit It is not
and neatness. messy. attractive.
There are no There is 1 There are 2 There are more
grammatical grammatical grammatical than 2
Grammar mistakes on mistake on mistakes on grammatical
the poster. the poster. the poster. mistakes on the
poster.

http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=ShowRubric&rubric_id=1357669&

21
 Assessment

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the terms being described in the following statements.

Choose your answers below and then write them on a separate sheet of paper.

Neolithic Horticultural
Civilization Broken Pebbles Homo Habilis
Age Society
Hunting &
Homo Industrial Homo Agricultural
Gathering
Erectus Society Neanderthalensis Society
Society
Pastoral Homo
Bronze Age Evolution Mesolitic Age
Society Heidelbergensis

_________________1. It is the natural process of biological change occurring in a

population across successive generations.
_________________2. This species is also known as the “handy man”.
_________________3. This species is also known as the “upright man”.
_________________4. This is the earliest tools used by pre-human primates.
_________________5. It refers to the period of flaked and polished stone implements.
_________________6. This society was characterized by the use of the plow in
farming.
_________________7. In this society, people learned to use human muscle power
and hand held tools to cultivate fields.
_________________8. This species first to practice the burial of their dead.
_________________9. It refers to a relatively high level of cultural and technological
development of human being.
________________10. This society creates a highly organized systems of exchange
between suppliers of raw materials and industrial
manufactures.
________________11. This species has first to hunt large animals on routine basis
using spears and first to construction human shelter.
________________12. In this cultural development has organized government, law
and welfare.
________________13. In this cultural development introduced agriculture.
________________14. It is relied on herding and domestication of animals for food
and clothing to satisfy the greater needs of the group.
________________15. It is the earliest form of human society.

22
 Additional Activities

COMICS STRIP. Make a comic strip about the achievement of cultural period. Do
this on a short bond paper.

23
RUBRICS FOR COMIC STRIP:

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Comic is easy Comic is easy Comic is hard Comic is hard
to read and all to read and to read with to read and
elements are most elements few understand.
Clarity and
so clearly are clearly illustrations
Neatness
written, written, and labels
labelled and labelled and
illustrated. illustrated.

No spelling or No spelling or One to 4 More than 4

grammatical grammatical spelling or spelling and/or
Spelling & mistakes on mistakes on a grammatical grammatical
Grammar comic strip comic strip errors on the errors on the
with lots of with little text. comic strip. comic.
text.

There are There are There are very There are no

references to references to few references references to
the topic the topic to the the assigned
Content
assigned in assigned in assigned topic topic in the
each frame. most frames. in the a few comic strip.
frames.

The graphics The graphics The graphics Little or no

are are somewhat are scarce graphics were
meaningful, meaningful, throughout evident. It is
colorful, and colorful, and the piece and clear that the
appropriate. It appropriate. It not much time effort was
Graphics
is clear that is clear that or effort was lacking and
time and effort some time and put forth. they did not
went into their effort went complete the
creation. into their assignment.
creation.

They have They have They have They have 3 or

included at included 5 included 4 less frames to
Format least 6 frames frames to their frames to the comic strip.
to their comic comic strip. comic strip.
strip.

https://www.cravenk12.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=1
2669&dataid=11706&FileName=rubric1_comicstrip.doc

24
Answer Key

25
References
Book references

Abulencia, A. S., Parernal, R. S,. Social Dynamics. A worktext on Understanding

Culture Society and Politics. Brilliant creation Publishing, Inc.2016.

Aguilar, M. V. G., et. a. Society, Culture and Politics. An Introductory Text For Senior
High School. Phoenix Publishing House. 2016.

Baleña, E. D., Lucero, D. M., Peralta, A. M. Understanding Culture, Society and

Politics. Cubao, Quezon City. Educational Resources Corporation 2016.

Our Lady of Fatima University. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Workbook for Senior High School. 2016.

26
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education Region III – Learning Resources

Management Section (DepEd Region III LRMS)
Office Address: Diosdado Macapagal Government Center,
Maimpis City of San Fernando (P)
Telephone Number: (045) 598-8580 to 89
E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph