Understanding Culture,

Society and Politics

Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Nature, Goals and
Perspective in/of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Discuss the Nature, Goals and Perspective in/of
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Discuss the Nature, Goalsand
Perspective in/of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Discuss the Nature, Goals and Perspective in/of
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
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This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

i
 For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Discuss the Nature, Goalsand Perspective in/of
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
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an idea
I Needoftothe skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the
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module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson
to take. If you getWhat
all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.
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In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a
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This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’sis New
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This comprises activities It for independent practice to solidify your understanding and
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You may Morecheck the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.
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This section provides
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Activities
This contains answers to all activities in the module.

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this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
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 What I Need to Know

This module will allow the learner to explore the foundation of the culture,
society and politics through understanding the nature, goal and perspective of
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science. This helps the learner to gain sturdy
knowledge that can be used on module 2.
Furthermore, there are activities and tasks that can strengthen the acquire
information relevant to the content. The learning objectives focus on the meta-
cognitive to ensure the complete apprehension.
Moreover,

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Nature, goals, and perspective of Anthropology
 Nature, goals, and perspective of Sociology
 Nature, goals, and perspective of Political Science

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define the meaning of anthropology, sociology and political science with self
-explanatory perspective.
2. Explain the nature, goals and perspective of anthropology, sociology and
political science
3. Categorize the nature, goals and perspective of anthropology, sociology and
political science into the appropriate identity.
4. Interpret the nature, goals and perspective of anthropology, sociology and
political science through illustration of situational and up-to-date event.

1
 What I Know

TWITTER’LINO (Challenge your prior knowledge)

DIRECTIONS: Tweet your best answer on the following words that
represent anthropology, sociology and political science. Choose your tweet words in
the box and place it in the tweeter call-outs.

POLITICAL SCIENCE
ANTHROPOLOGY

POLITICAL SCIENCE
ANTHROPOLOGY

POLITICAL SCIENCE
ANTHROPOLOGY

POLITICAL SCIENCE
ANTHROPOLOGY

POLITICAL SCIENCE
ANTHROPOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

EVOLUTIONLANGUAGE CULTUREARTS CHIMPANZEE

JUSTICEPRESIDENT DEMOCRACY
SOCIOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

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 What’s New

INSTAGRAMPERIENCE (PUT YOURSELF IN OTHERS’ SHOES)

1. AS A LEARNER AND PART OF THE SOCIETY, HOW WOULD YOU SHOW

VALUING LIFE TO THE STREET CHILDREN AND WHAT WOULD BE YOUR
MOTIVATIONAL MESSAGE TO THEM?

2. WHAT WOULD YOU FEEL IF THE GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTS THIS

POLICY AND WHAT WOULD BE YOUR MESSAGE TO THE PRESIDENT?

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 What is It

ANTHROPOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE

Anthropology is the study, analysis, and description of humanity’s past

and present. Questions about the past include prehistoric origins and human
evolution. The study of contemporary humanity focuses on biological and cultural
diversity, including language.

All in all Anthropology, "the study of humankind," which examines people in

viewpoints going from the science and transformative history of Homo sapiens to
the provisions of society and culture that unequivocally recognize people from other
creature species.

Contrasted with different disciplines that address humankind like history, social
science, or brain research, human studies is more extensive two ways. As far as
mankind's past, human sciences think about a more noteworthy profundity of time.

As far as contemporary people, human sciences covers a more extensive variety of

points than different disciplines, from sub-atomic DNA to intellectual turn of events
and religious beliefs.

Anthropologists might direct examinations in a research facility concentrating how

tooth enamel uncovers a person's eating diet, or they might work in an exhibition
hall, looking at plans on ancient earthenware.

Research Method in anthropology range from logical to humanistic. They plan a

speculation, or examination question, and afterward mention objective facts to
check whether the theory is right. This methodology creates both quantitative
(numeric) information and subjective (elucidating) information.

In the humanistic methodology, anthropologists continue inductively, seeking after

an abstract strategy for understanding humankind through the investigation of
individuals' specialty, music, verse, language, and other forms of symbolic
expression.

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NATURE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

The nature of anthropology can be view from its historical perspective because
is a global discipline involving humanities, social sciences and natural sciences.
Its foundations return to the scholarly Enlightenment of the eighteenth and mid
nineteenth hundreds of years in Europe and North America. As European countries
created states in far off pieces of the world and Americans extended west and south
into the regions of Indians, it became evident to them that humankind was amazingly
changed.

Anthropology started, partially, as an endeavor by individuals from logical social

orders to unbiasedly record and grasp this variety. Curiosity in bizarre individuals
and customs in distant pieces of the world is the thing that principally roused these
early beginner anthropologists.
By profession, they frequently were naturalists, medical doctors, Christian
ministers, or educated adventurers. They posed such essential inquiries as
regardless of whether the contrasts between human societies are the after effect of
genetic inheritance and in case there is a connection between the size of a human
brain and intelligence.
It was late nineteenth century that anthropology at last turned into a different
scholastic discipline in American and Western European colleges.
In North America anthropology is characterized as a discipline containing four fields
that emphasis on separated yet interrelated subjects. The subjects are archaeology,
biological anthropology (or actual human sciences), linguistic anthropology and
cultural anthropology (or social human studies).

GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY

is to comprehend the fossil record of early people and their precursors just as the archeological
record of later ancient social orders.

to understand how we adapt to different environmental conditions and how we vary as a species.

to comprehend the conduct of monkeys and gorillas in their regular settings.

is to find out about both the natural and social parts of humankind all throughout the planet and all
through time.

to apply anthropological information to help forestall or take care of issues of living people groups,
including destitution, substance addiction, and HIV/AIDS.

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 PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologists across the subfields

utilize exceptional points of view to direct their
exploration. These viewpoints make humanities
unmistakable from related disciplines — like
history, social science, and brain research —
that pose comparative inquiries about the past,
social orders, and human instinct. The key
anthropological viewpoints are comprehensive
quality, relativism, correlation, and hands on work. There are likewise both
logical and humanistic propensities inside the discipline that, now and again,
struggle with each other.

Holism

Anthropologists are keen all in all of mankind, in how different parts of life connect. One
can't completely see the value in being human by contemplating a solitary part of our mind-
boggling narratives, dialects, bodies, or social orders. By utilizing a comprehensive
methodology, anthropologists request how various angles from human existence impact each
other.

Cultural Relativism

the possibility that we should try to comprehend someone else's convictions and practices
according to the viewpoint of their way of life as opposed to our own. Anthropologists don't
pass judgment on different societies dependent on their qualities nor do they see alternate
methods of getting things done as second rate. All things being equal, anthropologists try to
comprehend individuals' convictions inside the framework they have for clarifying things.

Comparison

In cultural anthropology, we compare ideas, morals, practices, and systems within or

between cultures. We might compare the roles of men and women in different societies, or
contrast how different religious groups conflict within a given society.

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 Fieldwork

In Cultural Anthropology, field work is alluded to as ethnography, which is both the interaction and
aftereffect of social anthropological examination. The Greek expression "ethno" alludes to individuals, and "graphy"

SOCIOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE

Sociology is the scientific investigation of human culture and social

behavior. Sociology is a discipline in social sciences concerned about human society
and human social activities.
Generally acknowledged meanings of social science concur that it is the logical or
efficient investigation of human culture. The attention is on comprehension and
clarifying, and goes from the person in friendly collaboration to gatherings to social
orders and worldwide social process.
Exceptional to social science is its accentuation upon the complementary connection
among people and social orders as they impact and shape one another
Auguste Comte, a French social scholar, is generally known as the "Father of
Sociology" as he instituted the term 'Humanism' in 1839.

NATURE OF SOCIOLOGY

As a discipline, sociology arose early in the nineteenth century in response to

rapid social change. Major transformations in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, such as rapid industrialization resulting in a large, anonymous workforce.
With laborers investing the greater part of their energy away from families and
customs; huge scope urbanization all through Europe and the industrializing scene;
and a political upset of novel thoughts (singular rights and majority rule
government), coordinated a focus on the idea of social orders and social change.
The French social thinker Auguste Comte (1798– 1857) first coined the term
sociology to describe a new way of thinking about societies as systems governed by
principles of organization and change.
Most agree that Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), the French humanist, made the
biggest commitment to the development of social science as a social scientific
discipline
Sociology has created as a worth free discipline. It is concerned with is, not with
what should be. Sociology is an empirical discipline like Physics, Chemistry, or
Mathematics, and not as an applied science like Engineering or Computer Science.

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A Sociologist examinations society from various points and obtains information
about society and examples of social associations.

GOALS OF

The ultimate goal of sociology is to acquire knowledge about society like all the other
social sciences discipline, as Samuel Koenig has pointed out the ultimate aim of
sociology is ” to improve man’s adjustment to life by developing objective knowledge
concerning social phenomena which can be used to deal effectively with social
problems”.

to understand how membership in one’s social group affects

individual be.

Understand how cultures and institutions interact in different societies.

to understand the meaning and consequences of modernity, postmodernity and the new globaliz

Understand the causes and consequences of social change in terms of general causes and effects

Understand the causes and consequences of population composition and pressures and how pop

To provide information that reflects upon different policy initiatives

PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY

The fundamental knowledge of sociology is that human conduct is molded by the

gatherings to which individuals have a place and by the social communication that
happens inside those gatherings. We are what our identity is and we act the manner
in which we do in light of the fact that we end up living in a specific culture at a
specific point in reality. Individuals will in general acknowledge their social world
unquestioningly, as something "regular." But the sociological perspective empowers
us to consider society to be a brief social item, made by people and fit for being
changed by them also.
The sociological perspective welcomes us to take a look at our recognizable
environmental factors in a new manner. It urges us to investigate the world we have

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 consistently underestimated, to analyze our social climate with the very interest that
we may bring to an extraordinary unfamiliar culture.
The study of Sociology drives us into spaces of society that we may somehow have
disregarded or misunderstood. Since our perspective is formed by our own
experience and since individuals with various social encounters have various
meanings of social reality, sociology assists us with liking perspectives other than
our own and to see how these perspectives appeared.
Sociology likewise assists us with understanding ourselves better. Without the
sociological perspective (which has been known as the "sociological imagination"),
individuals see the world through their restricted insight of a little circle of family,
companions, colleague. The sociological imagination permits us to stand separated
intellectually from our restricted insight and see the connection between private
concerns and social issues. It grants us to follow the connection between the
patterns and events of our own and the patterns and events of our society.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AS A DISCIPLINE

Political Science is the study of the nature, causes, and consequences of collective
decisions and actions taken by groups of people embedded in cultures and
institutions that structure power and authority.

In other words, Political Science is a social science discipline that deals with systems
of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated
constitutions and political behavior.

NATURE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Politics is not only a mere institution of governance but also a mechanism for
achieving societal goals. Nature of Political Science is a social science concerned
with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political
systems and political behavior.
It incorporates matters concerning the portion and move of power in making
decision, the jobs and frameworks of administration including governments and
worldwide associations, political behavior and public policies.
Political Science is in this way an investigation of the state in the past, present and
future of the political organization, political cycles and political functions of political
establishments and political theories. Political Science has a few subfields, including
political hypothesis, public policy, public legislative issues, worldwide relations,
human rights, natural governmental issues and near legislative issues.
The forerunners of Western legislative issues can follow their underlying
foundations back to Greek scholars Socrates, Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle
(384–322 BC). The investigations were theory arranged. Plato composed The
Republic and Aristotle composed the Politics. Aristotle is known as the Father of
Political Science. He is well known for his assertion "Man is a political animal".

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GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

is the concern with the process of growth, industrialization and change and the impact on government for

is to describe how various political systems function, and to find more effective political systems.

is to measure the success of governance and specific policies by examining many factors, including stabil

POLITICAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

is methodologically diverse and appropriates many methods originating in , ,

and .

Approaches include positivism,

interpretivism, rational choice theory,
behaviouralism, structuralism, post-
structuralism, realism, institutionalism, and
pluralism.

as one of the social sciences, uses methods and

techniques that relate to the kinds of inquiries
sought: primary sources, such as historical
documents and official records, secondary
sources, such as scholarly journal articles, survey
research, statistical analysis, case studies,
experimental research, and model building..

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 What I Have Learned

PINTERESTABILITY (ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE TEST)

WHAT DOES ANTHROPOLOGY STUDY OF?

1. 2.

WHAT CENTURY DOES ANTHROPOLOGY BECOME A SEPARATE

ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE?

3.

TRUE OR FALSE: ANTHROPOLOGIST OBSERVES CHIMPANZEES IN

THE WILD AS PART OF UNDERSTANDING HUMAN EVOLUTION

4.

WHAT DOES SOCIOLOGY CONCERN OF

5 6.

HOW DID AUGUSTE COMTE DESCRIBE

SOCIOLOGY?

7.

WHAT DOES POLITICAL SCIENCE DEAL WITH?

8 8. 9.

WHAT IS THE MAIN GOAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE?

10.

CITE TWO GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND

POLITICAL SCIENCE

ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

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 ASSESSMENT

S POTIFYABLE (LISTEN TO YOUR THOUGHTS)

DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer that suits to each question

1. It is the study, analysis, and description of humanity’s past and present.
Questions about the past include prehistoric origins and human evolution.
The study of contemporary humanity focuses on biological and cultural
diversity, including language.
A. Sociology B. Politics C. Anthropology D. Psychology

2. Which of the following nature of anthropology can be viewed from a global

discipline involving humanities, social sciences and natural sciences.
A. historical perspective C. human’s evolution
B. economic development D. psychological perspective
3. Which of the following is not a goal of Anthropology?
A. to find out about both the natural and social parts of humankind all
throughout the planet and all through time.
B. to comprehend the fossil record of early people and their precursors just as
the archeological record of later ancient social orders.
C. to comprehend the conduct of monkeys and gorillas in their regular settings.
D. is to describe how various political systems function, and to find more
effective political systems.
4. “In cultural anthropology, we compare ideas, morals, practices, and systems
within or between cultures. We might compare the roles of men and women in
different societies, or contrast how different religious groups conflict within a given
society.” Which of the following anthropological perspective does it represent?
A. holism B. cultural relativism C. comparison D. legal force
5. It is the scientific investigation of human culture and social behavior. It is a
discipline in social sciences concerned about human society and human social
activities.
A. anthropology B. sociology C. political science D. paleontology
6. As Samuel Koenig has pointed out the ultimate aim of sociology is ” to improve
man’s to life by developing objective knowledge concerning social
phenomena which can be used to deal effectively with social problems”. What is
missing word?
A. status B. development C. life D. adjustment

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 7. Fill in the missing term, “Understand the and of social change in
terms of general causes and effects as well as unique historical circumstances.”
A. problem & solution C. direction & outcome
B. cause & consequence D. status & life
8. It is the study of the nature, causes, and consequences of collective decisions
and actions taken by groups of people embedded in cultures and institutions that
structure power and authority
A. political Science B. sociology C. humanities D. governance
9. Political Science has a few subfields, which of the following subfields should be
disregarded?
A. political hypothesis C. human rights

B. religion and beliefs D. public policy

10. Political Science uses diverse methods that originates in the following given
information, which is not included?
A. psychology C. social research
B. neuroscience D. constitution

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 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

UtoBe-A-Blogger

DIRECTIONS: Make a creative video that shows your ICT skills in

presenting the nature, goals and perspective of Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science.
CRITERIA INDICATORS POINTS SCORE
Presentation Task is well presented and organized. 35
Craftmanship Task looks carefully planned and 30
thoughtfully executed.
Originality Exceptional use of new ideas and 35
originality to create slogan.
TOTAL 100

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 Answer Key

What I know What ‘s New

Anthropology Teacher checks and grades the

answer of the learner.
Evolution, language,
culture,chimpanzee, arts

Sociology

Apartheid, status, socialization,

alienation,church

Political Science

Government, law, justice,

democracy, president

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References
https://sosgurus.com/nature-and-goals-of-anthropology-sociology-and-
political-science/
https://perspectives.pressbooks.com/chapter/introduction-to-
anthropology/
https://www.geneseo.edu/sociology/about
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science
photos:
https://eurocoincompetition.eu/wpcontent/uploads/2018/11/anthropolog
y.jpg
https://www.monzo.com/static/images/blog/2018-07-10-making-
quarterly-goals-public/q3-goals-blog.png
https://basketballqld.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/goals.jpg
https://ayurveda-foryou.com/grafic/eyesight.jpg
https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/sociology-complex-like-puzzle-pictured-as-
word-sociology-puzzle-pieces-to-show-sociology-can-be-difficult-needs-
164219592.jpg
https://www.macleayargus.com.au/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/matthew.cros
sman/f4457361-de59-4eb2-8474-
dff14c438cff.jpg/r0_0_7360_4907_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
http://clipart-library.com/data_images/375797.jpg
https://www.lasallecollegevancouver.com/-
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20x1080_02_politicscience.ashx
https://previews.123rf.com/images/get4net/get4net1011/get4net101101188/830
3043-illustration-of-retro-beam-balance-on-white-background.jpg
https://i2.wp.com/nextlevelpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Focus-
Lens-NextLevelPodcast.jpg?fit=876%2C874&ssl=1
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftechstory.in%2Fundo-
tweet-could-be-a-thing-very-soon-confirms- twitter
%2F&psig=AOvVaw3nlHIb_6u6l9Ug_U2FPfPz&ust=1628570840836000&sou
rce=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCLCDl6WRo_ICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAN
https://cdn5.vectorstock.com/i/1000x1000/80/34/twitter-logo-icon-vector-
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Icon-Button-2151052.png

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