Most Essential Learning Competencies: Center of Mass (CM)

Most Essential Learning Competencies
Differentiate center of mass and geometric Center

Interpret the work done by a force in one-dimension as an area under a Force vs. Position Curve
Objectives:
Identify the center of mass of a system.
Identify the work done to an object.
Calculate the power of an object
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Center of Mass (CM)
Is the point at which all the mass can be considered to be “considered” for the purpose of calculating
the first moment, i.e., mass times distances.
It is the point in the object or system where all its mass is concentrated.
If a diver jumps into the water, its trajectory can be divided into the moving center mass and rotation of
the body in its center of mass and rotation of the body. A human’s center of mass is located around the
pelvic area. During airtime, the divers head, feet and arms rotate and move while its center of mass is in
the pelvic area. The diver’s body follows a trajectory because of the effect of gravity. Using the 2 nd law:
Fnet=Macm
The equation of momentum can be expressed: p=Mvcm
Geometric Center is the center of mass of an object with uniform density.
Center of Mass between Two Particles
If two particles of m1 and m2 are separated by distance,d:
It is expressed as: xcm = m1x1 + m2x2 / m1 + m2
Let x1, x2,...,xn be the positions particles and M be the total mass of all particles, where M=m 1 + m2 + … +
mn.
Then the center of mass is expressed as: xxm=m1x1 + m2x2 + … + mnxn / M
FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL
Since this is two dimensional, it has x and y components/coordinates.
X coordinates (xcm) of the center of mass expressed as:
xcm=m1x1 + m2x2 + … + mnxn / M
Y coordinates (ycm) of the center of mass expressed as:
ycm =m1y1 + m2y2 + … + mnyn / M
Where: m1- the mass of object 1 m2-the mass of object 2
xcm-center of mass of the system

Example: Three people of roughly equal masses m on a lightweight (air-filled) banana boat sit along the
x-axis at positions xa=1.0m, xb=5.0m, and xc=6.0m, measured from the left-hand end. Find the position of
the CM. Ignore the mass of the boat.
Given: xa=1.0m, xb=5.0m, and xc=6.0m
Solution: xcm=maxa + mbxb + mcxc / M
Substitute the given values in the variables, leaving the m as it is.
xcm= m(1.0m + 5.0m + 6.0m) / 3m
xcm=m(12.0m)/3m
xcm=4.0m
Example: Determine the center of mass of the two objects with a mass of 2kg and 3kg respectively
separated by a distance of 5cm.
Given: m1=2kg m2= 3kgx1=0m/s x2=5cm=0.05m
Solution: xxm=m1x1 + m2x2 / M
xcm= 2kg (0m) + 3kg (0.05m) / 2kg + 3kg
xcm= 0.15kg.m / 5kg
xcm=0.03m
Work
If an applied force makes an object move, work is done.
Joule (J) is the unit of work.
The work done on an object by an applied force is the product of the force and distance through which
the object is moved.
Work=force x distance or W=Fd
Where: W- is the work done in Joules (J)
F- Applied force in Newtons (N)
d- displacement of the object in meters (m)
To say that there’s work done, the movement of the object after the applied force should be the same
direction as the direction of the applied force.
Example: When we lift a book from a table, the force applied is going upward and the motion of the
book is also upward. So there is work don.
When pushing a chair, the applied force is going forward and the motion of the chair is also forward,
therefore there is work done.
In making used of the equation let’s take example:
Example: How much work is done by a power lifter that pushes a car with a force of 800N at a distance
of 200m?
Given: F-800N d-200m
Solution: W=Fd
W=(800N) (200m)
W=1.60x105J
Example: How much work is done by the force of friction if a man usher a refrigerator across a floor with
a distance of 1.2m and a 350N force of friction that opposes the motion of the refrigerator?
Given: F- 350N d-1.2m
Solution: W=Fd
W=(-350N)(1.2m)
W=-420J
Power
The rate at which work is performed or work is done in a period of time.
The unit is Joule per second (J/s) or Watt (W)
It is expressed as: P=W/∆ t
Where: P- Power in J/s or W
W- Work done in J
t- change in time in s
Example:
Determine the power of a heavy equipment that performs 5.5 x 10 4J of work in 1.1 s.
Given: W=5.5 x 104J t=1.1s
Solution: P=W/∆ t
P=5.5x104J/1.1s
P=5.0x104Watts
Determine the power performed by a 60kg man running up the stairs with a height of 4.5meters in
4.0seconds.
Given: m-60kg d-4.5m t-4.0s
Solution:
First identify the force/weight
Fman=mg
=60kg(9.8m/s2)
=588N
Then identify the work done:
W=Fd
W=(588N)(4.5m)
W=2,646J
Then now the Power
P=W/∆ t
P=2,646J/4.0s
P=661.5Watts
Calculator Ready! Write your solution in your notebook then send its picture through PM in
Messenger.
1. Determine the center of mass of a system with masses 7kg, 4kg, and 3kg along the x-axis having a
distance of 5cm, 6cm and 8cm.
2. The distance between a carbon atom (m c=12µm) and an oxygen atom (mo=16µm) in the CO molecule
is 1.13x10-10m. How far from the carbon atom is the center of mass of the molecule.
3. How much work is done by a force of 20N that was applied to push a package of 8.0m along the floor?
4 How much work is done on the block if a 2.0kg block was accelerated at 5.0m/s 2 with a distance of
0.50m across a frictionless table?
5. How much work is done by a tractor if a large rock is pushed with a force of 500N at 2.0m/s for 20s?
6. Calculate the power needed by a winch that makes 6.6x10 2 Joules of work in 5.00minutes.
7. Calculate the time needed for 2.5kilowatt electric motor that performs 7.5x10 4J of applied work.
8. Solve the work done by 500W electric mixer in 2.5minutes.
9. How much work is done in kilowatt-hours by 25kW water pump which is operating continuously for a
week?
10. How much work is done in kilowatt-hours by a 6000W electric generator operating at 8.0hours a day
for a year?
Adapted from:
Dinglasan, M.etal. (2017) General Phyics 1.Mutya Publishing House Inc. Malabon City.
Giancoli, Douglas C. 2007. Physics: Principles with Applications. 23-25 First Lok Road Jurong, Singapore
629733. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd.
Hewitt, Paul G.2010. Conceptual Physics, 11th Edition. San Francisco: Pearson.
Santos, Nonato (2019) General Physics 1.Rex Book Store. Manila

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Most Essential Learning Competencies

Differentiate center of mass and geometric Center

Center of Mass (CM)

The equation of momentum can be expressed: p=Mvcm

Geometric Center is the center of mass of an object with uniform density.

Center of Mass between Two Particles

If two particles of m1 and m2 are separated by distance,d:

It is expressed as: xcm = m1x1 + m2x2 / m1 + m2

Then the center of mass is expressed as: xxm=m1x1 + m2x2 + … + mnxn / M

Since this is two dimensional, it has x and y components/coordinates.

X coordinates (xcm) of the center of mass expressed as:

xcm=m1x1 + m2x2 + … + mnxn / M

Y coordinates (ycm) of the center of mass expressed as:

ycm =m1y1 + m2y2 + … + mnyn / M

Where: m1- the mass of object 1 m2-the mass of object 2

xcm-center of mass of the system

Given: xa=1.0m, xb=5.0m, and xc=6.0m

Solution: xcm=maxa + mbxb + mcxc / M

Substitute the given values in the variables, leaving the m as it is.

xcm= m(1.0m + 5.0m + 6.0m) / 3m

Given: m1=2kg m2= 3kgx1=0m/s x2=5cm=0.05m

Solution: xxm=m1x1 + m2x2 / M

xcm= 2kg (0m) + 3kg (0.05m) / 2kg + 3kg

xcm= 0.15kg.m / 5kg

If an applied force makes an object move, work is done.

Joule (J) is the unit of work.

Work=force x distance or W=Fd

Where: W- is the work done in Joules (J)

F- Applied force in Newtons (N)

d- displacement of the object in meters (m)

In making used of the equation let’s take example:

Given: F-800N d-200m

Given: F- 350N d-1.2m

The rate at which work is performed or work is done in a period of time.

The unit is Joule per second (J/s) or Watt (W)

It is expressed as: P=W/∆ t

Where: P- Power in J/s or W

Given: W=5.5 x 104J t=1.1s

First identify the force/weight

Then identify the work done:

Then now the Power

8. Solve the work done by 500W electric mixer in 2.5minutes.

Santos, Nonato (2019) General Physics 1.Rex Book Store. Manila

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