(185300100) - Rofilah Qurrotu'Aini S. 2018 A. 7. Language Choiche. Sociolinguistics

Name : Rofilah Qurrotu’aini Salsabila
Class/Reg. Number : 2018 A/185300100

Subject : Sociolingistics
LANGUAGE CHOICE
Language choice is when the speaker chooses what language to use in particular situation in
billingual or multilingual communitive.
LANGUAGE CHOICE IN MULTILINGUAL COMMUNITIES
1. LANGUAGE CHOICE IN MULTILINGUAL COMMUNITIES In multilingual communities, more than one

language is used. It means that people living in this situation may speak more than one language.
When interacting with others, they can choose a code or a variety which is appropriate with
participants, topic and location. According Holmes, the linguistic forms chosen by a speaker is
influenced by social context in which he is talking. It matters who he is talking to (participants),
where he is talking (setting), what he is talking about (topic), and why he is talking (function of
interaction). As a result, the same message may be expressed differently to different people.
3. CODE CHOICES; CODE SWITCHING: The term code switching (or code-switching) refers to the
alternation between two or more languages, dialects, or language registers in the course of
discourse between people who have more than one language in common. Typically one of the two
languages is dominant; the major language is often called the matrix language, while the minor
language is the embedded language.
4. CODE MIXING also called intra-sentential code switching or intra-sentential code-alternation

occurs when speakers use two or more languages below clause level within one social situation.
5. The code we choose to use on a particular occasion is likely to indicate how we wish to be viewed
by others. If we can comfortably control a number of codes, then we would seem to have an
advantage over those who lack such control. Speaking several of the languages can obviously be
distinctly advantageous in a multilingual gathering. Code-switching may be a very useful social skill.
The converse of this, of course is that we will be judged by the code we choose to employ on a
particular occasion.  Some form of mixed code,  1. insertion of the word, for example, “Ok. Kalian
ujian minggu depan.”  2. Insertion of phrase, for example, “ Ini namanya reading skill.  3. insertion
of word repetition, for example, “ada banyak souvenir-souvenir dari Cina”  4. insertion of idioms, for
example, “makanya jadi orang itu don’t judge book by the cover”  5. insertion shape baster (native
and foreign joint formation). for example, “saya menunggu transferan uang dari orang tua saya.”
6. DIGLOSSIA: In a bilingual community, in which two languages or dialects are used differently
according to different social situations. Janet Holmes defines diglossia as having three crucial
features: 1. In the same language, used in the same community, there are two distinct varieties. One
is regarded as high (H) and the other low (L). 2. Each is used for distinct functions. 3. No one uses the
high (H) in everyday conversation. In the following example it is easy to tell which variety you will
use given the social situations: • Telling a joke • Interviewing for a job • Giving a speech for a charity
event • Giving a speech for a friend for his/her birthday • Church • Cafeteria
7. CODE - SWITCHING AND CODE – MIXING  Living in a bilingual (or multilingual) community forces
people to be able to speak in at least two different languages. I will take Javanese as a case in point.
Javanese people can speak Javanese, their mother tongue, and Indonesian as their secondary or
national language at a minimum. It is possible to find them speaking foreign languages too. As
people have to speak different languages (or follow different speech levels; i.e. ngoko or krama in
Javanese language) for different reasons, the so-called linguistic phenomena of code switching (you
call it "alih kode" in Indonesian) and code mixing (campur kode) will inevitably occur.
8. Most speakers command several varieties of any language they speak. People are usually required
to select a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and they may also decide to switch from
one code to another or to mix codes.
9. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING. The difference between code
switching and code mixing. When you change language intentionally and you do it because of
specific purposes (e.g. the presence of third person that does not share the same language, or the
change of topic or situation), in other word the switch is functional, that means you code-switch.
When you insert a piece of word other than that of your language, and you have no specific purpose
or intention when doing that, that means you code-mix.
In a bilingual or multilingual society, it is normal for the people to be in a situation where a choice
between two or more codes that have to be made. In the situation the bilinguals may want to
consider for example, who speaks to them, in which language or variety, and when or where the
conversation takes place. To a bilingual or multilingual, although choosing a code is one of the
routines, the skill in deciding which code should be chosen still needs developing.
- Monolinguals face a different situation of codechoosing. They sometimes come to a state where
they can choose to speak a variety of the language instead of the other(s).
For example, when talking with a non-native speaker, an English native user may choose to speak in
the standardEnglish or to use basic lexicon instead of using a colloquial one. In that situation he (she)
may also avoid using complex sentences in order to help the nonnative speaker understand his (her)
more easily. On the contrary when talking among the native speakers, he(she) may choose to do a
different thing This kind of linguistic strategy to adjust intentionallyour speech so that we can be
understood by someone we are talking to, is known as speech accommodation (speech
convergence). Speech accommodation is often found in the situation when people of different ages
are talking to one another, as when mothers do baby-talking.

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Name : Rofilah Qurrotu’aini Salsabila

Class/Reg. Number : 2018 A/185300100

LANGUAGE CHOICE IN MULTILINGUAL COMMUNITIES

1. LANGUAGE CHOICE IN MULTILINGUAL COMMUNITIES In multilingual communities, more than one

4. CODE MIXING also called intra-sentential code switching or intra-sentential code-alternation

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