API 653 2.3.3.

Minimum Thickness For Welded Tank Shell, API 653

Where: t = minumum acceptable thickness in inches
D = nominal diameter of tank in feet
H = liquid height from bottom of corroded area or floor in feet
C = course number ( C=1 for bottom course )
G = specific gravity relative to water (G = 1.0 for water)
S = maximum allowable stress in psi. Use smaller of 0.8Y or 0.426T for bottom and 2nd course.
Use smaller of 0.88Y or 0.472T for all other courses.
Y = minimum yield strerength in psi
T = minimum tensile sttrength in psi
E = joint efficiency Use E=0.7 if original E is unknown. Use E=1.0 when away from welds by 1 inch or 2t.

Calculation based on this formula: t = [2.6 D (H-1) G]/S E from 2.3.3.1 of API Standard 653

Enter Values
D= 38
H= 24
C= 1
Y= 13000 0.8Y = 10400 0.88Y = 11440
T= 21000 0.426T = 8946 0.472T = 9912
G= 1
E= 0.7

Value of S selected, S= 8946

Calculated minimum thickness, t= 0.362876

Page 1
 API 570

Minimum thickness for straight pipe, ANSI B31.3

Calculation based on t = PD/2SE from paragraph 304.1.2 of ANSI B31.3

where t = pressure design thickness in inches

P = internal gage pressure in psi
S = stress value for material from stress table
D = outside diameter of pipe in inches
E = quality factor from table A-1A or A-1B

Enter values
P= 250
S= 20000
D= 6
E= 1

Calculated design thickness: t = 0.0375

Page 2
 API 510, Shell

Minumum shell thickness for vessel under internal pressure:

Calculation based on ASME Section VIII, Division 1 paragraph UG-27.

Where: t = minimum required thickness of shell, inches

P = internal pressure, psi
R = inside radius of shell course under consideration, inches
S = maximum allowable stress value, psi. at design temperature.
E = joint efficiency. See UW-12 for welded shells. See UG-53 for ligaments between openings.

The minumum thickness will be the greater thickness of t = (PR)/(SE - 0.6P) for circumferential stress or
t = (PR)/(2SE + 0.4P) for longitudinal stress.

Enter Values:
P= 500 psi
R= 54 inches
S= 13800 psi NOTE: The value of S is selected from the allowable stress tablesinand for the appropriste design temperature in
E= 0.85 Section 2D ot the ASME code. Do not use yield or tensile
stregnth values as in API 653 calculations.

Based on circumferential stress, t= 2.362 inches

Based on longitudinal stress, t= 1.141 inches USE t= 2.362 inches

Page 3
 API 510, Formed Head

Formed vessel heads will generally fall into one of two categories.

Ellipsoidal: Inside depth of the head minus the skirt is equal to one fourth of the inside diameter of the skirt.
These are also commonly refered to as 2:1 elliptical heads.

Torispherical: Inside crown radius is equal to the outside diameter of the skirt and the knuckle radius is 0.06
times the inside crown radius.

It will not be readily apparent in the field whether a head is ellipsoidal or torispherical so it's best to consult
vendor drawings and data.

The calculations below are for pressure on the concave side.

Thickness calculation for ellipsoidal head. Based on ASME Section VIII, Section UG-32(d)

t=(PD)/(2SE - 0.2P) where t = minimum required thickness of head, inches

D = inside diameter of head at skirt, inches
P = internal design pressure, psi
E = joint efficiency
S = maximum allowable stress value, psi

Enter values: P= 530 psi

D= 42 inches
S= 15000 psi
E= 1

Calculated thickness, t= 0.745 inches

Scroll down for torispherical head calculation.

Thickness calculation for torispherical head. Based on ASME Section VIII, Section UG-32(e)

t = (.885PL)/(SE-0.1P where t = minimum required thickness of head, inches

L = inside spherical or crown radius, inches
P = internal design pressure, psi
E = joint efficiency
S = maximum allowable stress value, psi

Enter values: P= 360 psi

L= 48 inches
S= 17500 psi
E= 1

Calculated thickness, t= 0.876 inches

Page 4
 API 510, Bolted Flat Head

CALCULATION FOR THICKNESS OF BOLTED, FLAT UNSTAYED CIRCULAR HEADS, COVERS, AND BLIND FLANGES

Enter values:
Bolt circle diameter 48.625 inches NOTE:
Nominal bolt size 0.75 inches
Number of bolts 52 1. This program calculates the minimum required thickness for bolted, flat unstayed
circular heads, covers, and blind flanges of the type shown in
Gasket Factor, m= 3.75
Fig. UG-34, sketch (j) and sketch (k) of Part UG-34 in the ASME Boiler and
Seating stress, y= 9000 psi Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1.
Gasket O.D., Go = 47.375 inches
Gasket I. D., Gi = 46.375 inches 2. Enter the decimal equivalent of fractions in all dimensions.
Sealing Face O.D., Fo = 47.375 inches
Sealing Face I.D., Fi = 44.5 inches 3. Gasket Factor, m, and Seating Stress, y, for a given gasket material are
obtained from table 2-5.1 in Appendix 2 of the ASME Code or table UA-49.1 in the
Design pressure, P= 115 psi
Lamons Gasket Handbook.
Allowable bolt stress at ambient
temperature, Sb = 20000 psi 4. The basic gasket seating width, bO, in cell C24 must be selected from table 2-5.2
Allowable stress for head at design in Appendix 2 of the ASME Code or table UA-49.2 in the Lamons Gasket Handbook
temp, S= 17500 psi and manually entered at the cell location.

5. All formulas and tables in the Lamons Handbook are taken from Appendix 2 of
Calculated values: the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section Vlll, Division 1.
Bolt area, single bolt A= 0.334 in2
Total bolt area Ab = 17.368 in2
Diameter at location of gasket load
G= 46.88 inches
reaction

Width used to determine basic

seating width, bo N= 0.50 inches

Basic seating width, table 2-5.2,

bo = 0.25
Appedix 2, ASME Sect. VIII

Effective gasket seating width, table Bolt area req'd

b= 0.25 Am2 = Wm2/Sb = 16.57 in2
2-5.2, App. 2 ASME Sect VIII for seating

Wm2 = 3.14bGy = Bolt area req'd Am1 = Wm1/Sb =

Initial bolt load for seating gasket 331340 lbs. 11.51 in2
for operating

Bolt load required for operating Wm1 = Bolt area

.785G2P + 6.28bGmP = 230212 lbs. 16.567 in2
conditions selected

Head thickness based on operating t1 = 2.191 inches

conditions
Head thickness based on gasket
seating t2 = 0.8865659 inches

Operating conditions govern

2.191 inches
therefore use t1

Page 5
 Material Properties

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS, KSI, FOR METAL TEMP. OF ===

MINIMUM
Nominal SPEC TYPE/ TENSILE, MINUMUM -20 to
150 200 250 300 400 500 600
Composition NO. GRADE PRODUCT FORM psi YIELD, psi 100
C-Mn-Si SA36 plate, sheet 58,000 36,000 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5
C-Mn SA53 S/B smls. pipe 60,000 35,000 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
C-Si SA106 B smls. pipe 60,000 35,000 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
C SA179 smls. tube 47,000 26,000 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8
1Cr-1/5 Mo SA193 B7 bolting (<2.5") 125,000 105,000 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo SA193 B8M2 bolting (<2") 95,000 75,000 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8
C SA214 wld. tube 47,000 26,000 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
C-Si SA234 WPB fittings 60,000 35,000 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
18Cr-8Ni SA240 304 plate 75,000 30,000 18.8 18.8 15.7 15.7 14.1 12.9 12.1 11.4
18Cr-8Ni SA240 304H plate 75,000 30,000 18.8 18.8 15.7 15.7 14.1 12.9 12.1 11.4
18Cr-8Ni SA240 304L plate 70,000 25,000 16.7 16.7 14.3 14.3 12.8 11.7 10.9 10.3
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo SA240 316 plate 75,000 30,000 18.8 18.8 17.7 17.7 15.6 14.3 13.3 12.6
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo SA240 316L plate 70,000 25,000 16.7 16.7 14.1 14.1 12.7 11.7 10.9 10.4
C SA283 C plate 55,000 30,000 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8
C SA285 C plate 55,000 30,000 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8
18Cr-8Ni SA312 TP304L smls. pipe 70,000 25,000 16.3 16.3 14.3 14.3 12.8 11.7 10.9 10.3
16Cr-12Ni-2Mo SA312 TP316L smls. pipe 70,000 25,000 16.7 16.7 14.1 14.1 12.7 11.7 10.9 10.4
1Cr-1/5 Mo SA320 L7 bolting 125,000 105,000 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
C-Mn-Si SA333 6 smls. pipe 60,000 35,000 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
11/4 Cr-1/2 Mo-Si SA335 P11 smls. pipe 60,000 30,000 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
1Cr-1/2 Mo SA387 Gr12 Cl2 plate 65,000 40,000 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3
C-Si SA515 70 plate 70,000 38,000 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5
C-Si SA516 55 plate 55,000 30,000 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8 13.8
C-Mn-Si SA516 60 plate 60,000 32,000 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
C-Mn-Si SA516 65 plate 65,000 35,000 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3
C-Mn-Si SA516 70 plate 70,000 38,000 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5
Aluminum
Al SB309 5083 plate 40,000 18,000 10.0 10.0
Hastelloy B2
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe SB333 N10665 plate 110,000 51,000 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.2
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe SB619 N10665 wld. pipe 110,000 51,000 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.1
65Ni-28Mo-2Fe SB622 N10665 smls pipe 110,000 51,000 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.2
Zirconium
95.2Zr+Cb SB550 R60705 bar 80,000 55,000 20.0 20.0 16.6 16.6 14.2 12.5 11.3 10.4
95.2Zr+Cb SB551 R60702 plate 55,000 30,000 13.0 13.0 11.0 11.0 9.3 7.0 6.1 6.0
95.2Zr+Cb SB551 R60705 plate 80,000 55,000 20.0 20.0 16.6 16.6 14.2 12.5 11.3 10.4
95.2Zr+Cb SB658 R60702 wld. & smls. pipe 55,000 30,000 13.0 13.0 11.0 11.0 9.3 7.0 6.1 6.0
95.2Zr+Cb SB658 R60705 wld. & smls. pipe 80,000 55,000 20.0 20.0 16.6 16.6 14.2 12.5 11.3 10.4

Page 6
 Material Properties

SI, FOR METAL TEMP. OF ===> cont'd ==>

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500

14.5
15.0 14.4 13.0 10.8 7.8 5
15.0 14.4 13.0 10.8 8.7 6.5 4.5 2.5
11.8 11.5 10.6 9.2 7.9 6.5
25.0 25.0 23.6 21.0 17.0 12.5 8.5 4.5
18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8
10.0 9.8 9.1 7.8 6.7 5.5 3.8 2.1
15.0 14.4 13.0 10.8 8.7 6.6 4.6 2.5
11.2 11.1 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.0 9.8 9.5 8.9 7.7 6.1 4.7 3.7 2.9. 2.3 1.8 1.4
11.2 11.1 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.0 9.8 9.5 8.9 7.7 6.1 4.7 3.7 2.9. 2.3 1.8 1.4
10.1 10.0 9.8 9.7
12.3 12.1 11.9 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.3 11.2 11.0 9.8 7.4 5.5 4.1 3.1 2.3 1.7 1.3
10.2 10.0 9.8 9.6 9.4
13.8
13.8 13.3 12.1 10.0 8.4 6.5
10.1 10.0 9.8 9.7
10.2 10.0 9.8 9.6 9.4
25.0 25.0
15.0 14.4 13.0 10.8 7.8 5 3.0 1.5
15.0 15.0 14.8 14.4 14 13.6 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8 1.9 1.2
16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 15.8 15.2 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.8 1.8 1.1
17.5 16.6 14.8 12.0 9.3 6.5 4.5 2.5
13.8 13.3 12.1 10.0 8.4 6.5 4.5 2.5
15.0 14.4 13.0 10.8 8.7 6.5 4.5 2.5
16.3 15.5 13.9 11.4 9.0 6.5 4.5 2.5
17.5 16.6 14.8 12.0 9.3 6.5 4.5 2.5

26.8 26.6 26.1 25.6

22.8 22.6 22.2 21.8
26.8 26.6 26.1 25.6

10.4 9.9
6.0 4.8
10.4 9.9
6.0 4.8
10.4 9.9

Page 7
 Ext. Pres. on Shells

Thickness of cylindrical shells under external pressure. ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-28.
This work sheet calculates the allowable external pressure for a cylindrical vessel having a known outside
diameter, wall thickness, and length between lines of support. It is assumed that external stiffeners are
adequately designed.

Gather the following information and reference materials prior to using the worksheet.

1. Material designation for the vessel

2. Design temperature
3. Outside diameter
4. Vessel shell thickness
5. Section ll, Part D of the ASME Code opened to Subpart 3 (page 621)

Step 1. Enter known values.

Outside diameter, Do = 168.625 inches
Shell thickness, t = 0.3125 inches
Section length between Note: For definition of a line of support, see
lines of support, L= 39 inches ASME Section VIII, paragraph UG-28(b).

Step 2. Calculate ratios. Do / t = 540 L / Do = 0.231

Step 3. Determine factor A

a. Go to ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3, Figure G (page 622 & 623).
b. Enter Figure G at the value of L / Do in Step 2 above. If L / Do is greater than 50, enter the chart
at L / Do = 50. If L / Do is less than 0.05, enter the chart at L / Do = 0.05.
c. Move horizontally to the line for the value of Do / t calculated above. From this point of intersection,
move vertically downward to determine the value of factor A.
d. Enter the value for factor A at cell B29 below. (scroll down)

Value of factor A = 0.0005

Step 4. Determine factor B

a. Using the value of A from step 3, enter the applicable material chart in Section II, Part D, Subpart 3
for the material being considered. The material charts start on page 624.
b. Move vertically upward to an intersection with the material/temperature line for the design
temperature. If A falls to left of the material/temperature line, skip this step and scroll down to step 6.
If A falls past the right end of a material/temperature line, use the horizontal projection of the end of
the line as the point of intersection.
c. From the point of intersection in step b, move horizontally to the right and read the value for B.
Enter this value in cell B41 below. (scroll down)

Value of factor B = 6100

Step 5. Maximum allowable external pressure using factor B.

Pa = (4B) / 3(Do/t) = 15.07 psi

Step 6. Select modulus of elasticity, E. No factor B.

If factor A falls to the left of the material/temperature line, Pa is calculated using the modulus of elasticity, E,
at the design temperature. Select the modulus of elasticity and enter its value in cell B52 below.

E= 2.70E+07

Step 7. Maximum allowable external pressure using modulus of elasticity.

Pa = (2AE) / 3(Do / t) = 16.68 psi

Page 8
 Stiffening Ring

This worksheet calculates the required moment of inertia for a stiffening ring attached to a cylindrical
shell under external pressure. The calculated moment of inertia can be compared to the moment of
inertia of a corroded or damaged stiffening.The calculation is performed in accordance to ASME Sect.
VIII, paragraph UG-29.

Information and reference material needed to perform this calculation include:

* ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3
* modulus of elasticity, E, for stiffening ring material at design temperature
* outside diameter of shell
* shell thickness
* distance between lines of support (see ASME Sect. VIII, paragraph UG-28(b))
* cross sectional area of existing stiffening ring

Step 1. Enter known values.

Shell O.D. Do = 169 inches
Shell thickness t= 0.375 inches
External pressure P= 15 psi
Modulus of elasticity for
material E= 2.45E+07 psi
Cross sectional area of
stiffener, As= 2.39 in2
Ls= 40 inches L s is defined as one half the distance from the
stiffener center line to the next line of support above
plus one half the distance from the stiffener center line
to the next line of support below. (ASME VIII, UG-29)

Step 2. Factor B calculated

B= 4373

Step 3. Determine factor A

a. Open ASME Section II, Part D, Subpart 3 to the applicable chart for the stiffener material under
consideration. The charts begin on page 624.
b. Enter the right hand side of the applicable chart at the value of B determined in step 2 above.
c. Move left horizontally to the material/temperature line for the design metal temperature. For values
of B falling below the left end of the chart, go to step 5.
d. At the point of intersection, move down vertically for the value of A. Enter that value in cell B38
below.

Factor A = 0.0004

Step 4. Determine the required moment of inertia.

Is= 14.19 in4

Step 5. Calculated value of factor A for factor B below chart.

A= 0.00036

Page 9
 Stiffening Ring

Step 6. Required moment of inertia using A from step 5.

Is= 12.67 in4

Page 10
 Stiffening Ring

cylindrical
oment of
SME Sect.

the
ort above
r center line
III, UG-29)

Page 11