Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
46 views

In Situ Soil Testing - Lab Tests - Estimation of Properties From in Situ Tests

The document discusses in situ soil testing methods. It describes conducting standard penetration tests to determine soil type and properties like strength and compressibility. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples are taken for classification and laboratory testing. Rock cores are also described for sampling hard formations. Engineering properties like shear strength and compressibility are estimated from in situ tests and related to parameters like blow count, stress state, and soil type through established correlations.

Uploaded by

abcdef456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

In Situ Soil Testing - Lab Tests - Estimation of Properties From in Situ Tests

The document discusses in situ soil testing methods. It describes conducting standard penetration tests to determine soil type and properties like strength and compressibility. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples are taken for classification and laboratory testing. Rock cores are also described for sampling hard formations. Engineering properties like shear strength and compressibility are estimated from in situ tests and related to parameters like blow count, stress state, and soil type through established correlations.

Uploaded by

abcdef456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Lecture 4

-In situ Soil Testing-


- Lab Tests-
-Estimation of Properties from In situ
Tests-
Site Investigation

The Purpose of Site/Subsoil Exploration includes:


• Determine the Type of Soil and Rock(Sand, Silts,
Clays, Rock) and its Stratification (Fence Diagrams)
• Obtain Disturbed and Undisturbed Samples for
Identification (e.g. Classification – USCS), and
engineering properties (Compressibility, strength,
etc.)
• Assess Engineering Properties Insitu (Strength,
Modulus, etc.)
• Quantify Spatial Variability of engineering properties
(mean, variance, covariance – spatial correlation)
Standard Penetration Testing (SPT) Rigs
Disturbed and Undisturbed Sampling: Borehole-
Rotary Drilling
Borehole Stability with Slurry

hT1 > hT2


Water flows outward
From Borehole
hT1 V = - K ∆h/∆x ~ 10-5 – 10-6
Filter Cake

∆h = hT1 – hT2
K = 10-7 – 10-8 cm/sec
∆x

hT2

σh= σv = γslurry hT Datum


Do

Di
Undisturbed – Thin walled
Soil Samples (Silts & Clays)

Strength Testing:
- Triaxial, Unconfined
Compression

Compressibility - Oedometer

Shelby Tube
Rock- Coring Water

Single Wall Double Wall

Rock Core ~ 5 ft

Hard Rock (Granite)

Soft Rock (Limestone)

Coring Bit
Rock Measurements

C = cohesion

qt qu σ
Unconfined Compression qu
ASTM D2938

stress
Split Tension
ASTM D3967
strain
Disturbed - SPT Split Barrel Sampler

Ar = (D02 – Di2 ) / Di2 x 100 = (22 – 1.3752) / 1.3752 x100 =110% > 10%
Soil “Catchers”
SPT Blow Count or “N” Value

6” 5 blows

6” 8 blows
N = 14
6” 6 blows
US Automatic Trip 0.80
(N1)60 = N60 (0.77 log [40 / (σ’z –ksf)] ) (AASHTO)
Direct Shear Test
P

A =cross-sectional
Area
T

T
Shear Strength, S = Tf / A

φ = friction angle of soil


Tf3
Tf3/A
Lateral Load, T Tf2
Tf2/A
Tf1/A Tf1

P1/A P2/A P3/A


Normal Stress, σ = P/A Horizontal Displacement
Comparison of SPT N to Direct Shear
P σN = P/A
τ = T/A
A =cross-sectional
Area
T
𝜎𝜎′𝐻𝐻 = 𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑣𝑣 = 𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜 𝛾𝛾 ′ 𝑍𝑍
τ T

∅3
∅2
τ ∝ SPT N
∅1

𝜏𝜏 𝑁𝑁60
∅𝑖𝑖 ∝ 𝑓𝑓 ∝ 𝑓𝑓
𝜎𝜎𝑁𝑁 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐻𝐻
σN = 𝜎𝜎𝜎𝐻𝐻
Granular Angle of Internal Friction, φ

Das:
Principles of
Foundation
Engineering
(2007)
Relative Density, Dr

Function of N60 ,
Overburden stress,
Particle distribution,
OCR
emax − e
Dr (% ) = x 100
emax − emin

𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 =
𝜎𝜎𝜎𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣

𝑉𝑉𝑣𝑣
𝑒𝑒 = 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =
𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠
Das:
Principles of
Foundation
Engineering
(2007)
Typical effective angles of internal friction,
φ’

emax − e
Dr (% ) = x 100
emax − emin
Well Graded Sand

Low Compressibility Silt D


USCS

Unified Soil Classification System


M – Silt
S - Sand
G - Gravel
Silty Sand C - Clay
Poorly Graded Sand O - Organic
W = Moisture Content Typical
= Ww / Ws Plan
Borings
Nw – In situ moisture
content
-200 – passing 200 sieve
B
A – SPT N60
A

B – USCS (SW)

C – qt – split tension
quc – unconfined compression
C
D

D – Recovery %
(22) RQD

You might also like