Kelompok :1

Anggota :
o Dewi Anggreni (18644007)
o Dwi Yuni Wulandari (18644019)
o Aprillia Hidayah Ningsih (18644020)
o Andre Irawan (18644049)
Kelas : 4A/S1

Example 6.1. Double Pipe Benzene-Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 9820 lb/hr of cold
benzene from 80 to 120oF using hot toluene which is cooled from 160 to 100oF. The specific
gravities at 68oF are 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. The other fluid properties will be found in the
Appendix. A fouling factor of 0.001 should be provided for each stream and the allowable
pressure drop on each streams is 10.0 psi.
A number od 20-ft hairpins of 4-by 3 in. IPS pipe are available. How many hairpins are
required?
Solutions:
1) Heat balance :

80+1 20
 Benzene, tav = = 100oF c = 0.425 Btu/(lb)(oF) (Fig.2)
2

Q = 9820 × 0.425 (120-80) = 167000 Btu/hr

160+100
 Toluene, Tav = = 130oF c = 0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF) (Fig.2)
2

167000
W= = 6330 lb/hr
0.44(160−100)

2) LMTD, (see the method of Chap. 3) :

Hot fluid Cold fluid Diff

160 Higher temp 120 40 Δt2
100 Lower temp 80 20 Δt1
20 Δt2 – Δt1
 20
Δt 2 – Δt 1
LMTD = = 40 = 28.8oF
2.3 log Δt 2/ Δt 1 2.3 log
20

3) Caloric temperatures. A check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the
cold terminal (the viscosities less than 1 centipoise) and the temperature ranges and
temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may accordingly be evaluated from
properties at the arithmetic mean, and the value of (μ/μw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0.

160+100 80+1 20
Tav = = 130oF tav = = 100oF
2 2
Proceed now the inner pipe. A check of Table 6.2 indicates that the flow area of
ther inner pipe is greater than that annulus. Place the larger stream, benzene in the inner
pipe.
D e ×G α
Reynolds no., Reα =
μ
Hot fluid: annulus, toluene
0.0942× 293055,6
(4’) Flow area, = 0.99
4.026
o D2 = = 0,3355 ft = 27884,6749
12
3.50 (7’) jH = 89 (Fig.24)
o D1 = = 0,2917 ft
12
π (D22− D12 )
o αα =
4
π (0.33552−0.2917 2) Cold fluid : inner pipe, benzene
= = 0,0216
4
ft2 3.068
(4) D = = 0,2557 ft
(D 22−D 12) 12
o Equiv diam, De =
D1 π × D 2 π × 0.25572
= Flow area, αp = =
4 4
2 2
(0.3355 −0.2917 )
0.2917 = 0,0514 ft2
= 0,0942 ft
w 6330
(5’) Mass vel, Gα = =
αα 0.0216

=293055,6 lb/(hr)(ft2)
w 9820
(6’) At 130oF, μ = 0,41 cP (Fig.14) (5) Mass vel, Gp = =
α p 0.0514
= 0,41 × 2,42 = 0,99 lb/(ft)(hr)
 =191050,5837 lb/(hr)(ft2)
(6) At 100oF , μ = 0,50 cP (Fig.14)
= 0,50 × 2,42 = 1,21 lb/(ft)(hr)
D× G p
Reynolds no., Rep =
μ
0.2557 ×191050.5837
= 1.21
= 40373,2145
(7) jH = 121 (Fig.24)

(8’) At 130oF, c = 0,44 Btu/(lb)(oF) (Fig.2)

k = 0,085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft) (Table 4) (8) At 100oF, c = 0,425 Btu/(lb)(oF) (Fig.2)
cμ 1/3 0.44 ×0.99 1/3 k = 0,091 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft) (Table 4)
( ) =( ) = 1,724
k 0.085
cμ 1/3 0.425 ×1.21 1/3
( ) =( ) = 1,78
k 0.091

k cμ μ 0.14
(9’) ho = jH × × ( )1/3 ×( )
De k μw k cμ μ 0.14
(9) hi = jH × × ( )1/3 ×( )
0.085 D k μw
= 89 × × 1,7254 × 1,0
0.0942 0.0899
= 121 × × 1,78 × 1,0
= 138,4597 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF) 0.2557

= 76,6507 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
(10) Correct hi to the surface at the OD
ID
hio = hi ×
OD
3.068
= 76,6507 × 3.50

= 67,1898

Now, proceed to the annulus.

(11) Clean overall coefficient, Uc :
hio × ho 67,1898× 138,4507
Uc = = = 45,2366 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
hio +ho 67,1898+138,4507
(12) Design overall coefficient, UD :
1
UD = + Rd
Uc
Rd = 0.002 (required by problem)
1
UD = + 0.002
45,2366
UD = 41,4938 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
Summary
138,4507 h outside 67,1898
Uc 45,2366
UD 41,4938

(13) Required Surface :

Q
Q = UD × A × Δt A=
UD × ∆ t
167000
Surface = = 139,7464 ft2
41,4938 ×28,8

From Table 11 for 3 in. IPS standard pipe there are 0.917 ft 2 of external surface per foot
length.
139,7464
Required length = = 152,3953 lin ft
0.917
This may be fulfilled by connecting four 20-ft hairpins in series.
(14) The surface supplied will actually be 160 × 0.917 = 146,72 ft2 . The dirt factor will
accordingly be greater than required. The actual design coefficient is
167000
UD = = 39,5216 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
146,72×28,8
Uc−UD 45,2366−39,5216
Rd = = = 0.0032 (hr)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
Uc× UD 45,2366 ×39,5216