Eat 451/4 - Integrated Design Project Lecture W501 - (Simply Supported & Continuous Beam)

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
School of Environmental Engineering
EAT 451/4 – INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT
Lecture W501 –
(Simply Supported & Continuous Beam)
PM.IR. ABDUL GHAPAR AHMAD

05 MAC 2019
Design Simply Supported, Continuous and
Cantilever Beam
EXPLAIN preliminary analysis and beam sizing.
DESIGN and PREDICT reinforcements required
for bending and shear. EXPLAIN, JUSTIFY and
ILLUSTRATE beam detailing.
DESIGN OF BEAMS
INTRODUCTION
Reinforced concrete beam primarily is a structural member that resists

lateral loading in bending, shear and torsion. The design of a reinforced
concrete beam must comply with the ultimate and serviceability limit
states.
The steps in beam design are as follows.

(1) Determine design life, exposure class and fire resistance.
(2) Determine preliminary size of beam
(3) Estimate actions on beam
(4) Assess durability requirements and determine concrete strength
(5) Determine nominal cover for durability, fire and bond requirements
(6) Analyse structure to obtain critical moments and shear forces
(7) Design flexural reinforcement
(8) Design shear reinforcement
(9) Verify deflection
(10) Verify cracking
(11) Produce detailed drawings
PRELIMINARY SIZE OF BEAM
The selection of beam sizes from structural viewpoint is often dictated by

deflection control criteria as well as requirements related to the
placement of reinforcement.
In practice, the overall depths of beams are often adopted in relation to

their spans. Span to overall depth ratios of 13 to 18 are generally found to
be economical in the case of simply supported and continuous beams.
The recommended ratio of width to overall depth in a rectangular beam

section is in the range of 0.3 to 0.6.
PRELIMINARY SIZE OF BEAM(Cont’d)
However there are other structural, economic and architectural

considerations that come into play in the selection of beams sizes. In the
case of building frames for example, the width of beams should be less
than or equal to the dimensions of columns into which they frame.
Where the beam is required to support masonry wall, the width of the
beam is often made such that its sides are flushed with the finished
surfaces of the wall.
Very deep beams are generally undesirable, as they result in loss of

headroom or an increase in the building height.
ESTIMATION OF ACTIONS
Actions that applied on a beam may consist of beams self-weight,

permanent and variable loads from slabs, actions from secondary
beams and other structural or non-structural members supported
by the beam.
The distribution of slab actions on beams depends on the slab

dimension, supporting system and boundary conditions. Beams
supporting slabs designed as spanning one way can be considered
to be uniformly loaded, as shown in Figure 6.1.
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
Failure mode, bending moment and main reinforcement of a simply

supported beam are shown in Figure 6.3. The effective span of a simply
supported beam is defined in EC 2:Section 5.3.2.2. This should be taken as
Example 6.1
A rectangular reinforced concrete beam is simply

supported on two masonry walls 250 mm thick and 8.0 m
apart (clear distance).
The beam has to carry a distributed permanent action of

15 kN/m (excluding beam self-weight) and a variable
action of 9 kN/m.
The beam is inside buildings subjected to a 1- hour fire

resistance and designed for 50 years design life. Design
the beam.
Introduction to Continuous Beam
 Continuous beams
are beams that
have more than
one span and
normally found in
cast in-situ
construction.
 Figure below
shows failure
mode of a
continuous beam
and the position
of the main
reinforcement.
Assumption Loading from Slab
 Loading acting on a beam can be contributed by loading from
the supported slabs, supported secondary beams,
brickwall, and other structure elements such as staircase,
roof truss etc.
 Load distribution from the slab to beam always depends on the
geometry of slabs, type of supports condition and continuity of
the slabs.
Assumption Loading from Slab (cont)
 For rectangular slabs that supported in 4-sides, the following
method can be used:
 0ne-way slab (L/Lx > 2.0)
where n = uniform distributed load on slab (kN/m2)

 For rectangular slabs that supported in 4-sides, the following
method can be used:
 Two-way slab (L/Lx < 2.0)
where n = uniform distributed load on slab (kN/m2)

 For two-way slabs, BS8110 Cl.3.5.3.7 & table3.15
provides more accurate assumption on the distribution loading
from slab. Factors on the continuity of slabs and support types
have been considered in the provision clause.
3.5.3.7 Loads on supporting beams

The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs spanning in two directions
at right angles and supporting uniformly distributed loads may be assessed
from the following equations:
Long span
Short span
where n = load on slab (kN/m2)

vx,vy = shear coefficient from table 3.15, BS8110-1: 1997
1
9
 Example by using table 3.15:
Shear coefficient for slab two adjacent edges discontinuous

(if case 1:Ly/Lx = 1.0 & case 2:Ly/Lx = 1.5
Beam Ly/Lx = 1.0 Ly/Lx = 1.5
Long 1 0.4 0.54

2 0.26 0.35
Short 3 0.4 0.4

4 0.26 0.26
Moment distribution
A B C D
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Moment distribution
Moment Redistribution
Moment redistribution means bending moment determined by the
analysis mentioned above can be reduced at one particular part and
transferred or distributed to another part in the beam.
BS8110 clause 3.2.2 allows moment redistribution for the following

reasons:
(a) To prevent serious cracking occurring at serviceability limit
state.
(b) To reduce congestion moment in one zone.
(c) To reduce congestion of rebar in one zone such that the
detailing and construction easier.

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Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

School of Environmental Engineering

EAT 451/4 – INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT

PM.IR. ABDUL GHAPAR AHMAD

Reinforced concrete beam primarily is a structural member that resists

The steps in beam design are as follows.

The selection of beam sizes from structural viewpoint is often dictated by

In practice, the overall depths of beams are often adopted in relation to

The recommended ratio of width to overall depth in a rectangular beam

However there are other structural, economic and architectural

Very deep beams are generally undesirable, as they result in loss of

Actions that applied on a beam may consist of beams self-weight,

The distribution of slab actions on beams depends on the slab

Failure mode, bending moment and main reinforcement of a simply

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam is simply

The beam has to carry a distributed permanent action of

The beam is inside buildings subjected to a 1- hour fire

where n = uniform distributed load on slab (kN/m2)

where n = uniform distributed load on slab (kN/m2)

3.5.3.7 Loads on supporting beams

where n = load on slab (kN/m2)

Shear coefficient for slab two adjacent edges discontinuous

Long 1 0.4 0.54

Short 3 0.4 0.4

BS8110 clause 3.2.2 allows moment redistribution for the following

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