A D VA N C E D E X C E L

C H A RT S
Big Data & Analytics
I would like to dedicate the book to the students who will be using it. I
wish you future career success and hope you never stop learning.
 CONTENTS

Title Page
Dedication
Preface
Introduction
Waterfall Chart
Band Chart
Gantt Chart
Thermometer Chart
Gauge Chart
Bullet Chart
Funnel Chart
Waffle Chart
Heat Map
Step Chart
Box and Whisker Chart
Histogram
Pareto Chart
Organization Chart
Since you're still here....
 PREFACE

Excel charts are an efficient means to visualize the data to convey the results.
In addition to the chart types that are available in Excel, some application
charts are popular and widely used. In this book, you will learn about these
advanced charts and how you can create them in Excel.

This guide targets people who want to use graphs or charts in presentations
and help people understand data quickly. Whether you want to make a
comparison, show a relationship, or highlight a trend, these charts help your
audience “see” what you are talking about.

Among its many features, Microsoft Excel enables you to incorporate charts,
providing a way to add visual appeal to your business reports.

Before you proceed with this book, we are assuming that you are already
aware of the basics of Microsoft Excel charts. If you are not well aware of
these concepts, then we will suggest you to go through our short book on
Excel charts.
 INTRODUCTION
You are aware that charts are the efficient data visualization means to
convey the results. In addition to the chart types that are available in Excel,
some widely used application charts are popular. In this tutorial, you will
learn about these advanced charts and how you can create them in Excel.

Types of Advanced Charts

Following are the advanced charts that you will learn in this tutorial −
Waterfall Chart
Band Chart
Gantt Chart
Thermometer Chart
Gauge Chart
Bullet Chart
Funnel Chart
Waffle Chart
Heat Map
Step Chart
Box and Whisker Chart
Histogram
Pareto Chart
Organization Chart

Advanced Charts in Brief

We will see all the advanced charts briefly.

Waterfall Chart
A Waterfall chart is a form of data visualization that helps in understanding
the cumulative effect of sequentially introduced positive or negative values.

Band Chart
A Band chart is a Line chart with added shaded areas to display the upper
and lower boundaries of the defined data ranges.
 Gantt Chart
A Gantt chart is a chart in which a series of horizontal lines depicting tasks,
task duration and task hierarchy are used planning and tracking projects.
 Thermometer Chart
A Thermometer chart keeps track of a single task, for e.g. completion of
work, representing the current status as compared to a Target. It displays the
percentage of the task completed, taking Target as 100%.

Gauge Chart
Gauge charts, also referred to as Dial charts or Speedometer charts, use a
pointer or a needle to show information as a reading on a dial.

Bullet Chart
Bullet charts support the comparison of a measure to one or more related
measures with a linear design.

Funnel Chart
Funnel chart is used to visualize the progressive reduction of data as it
passes from one phase to another in a process.

Waffle Chart
Waffle chart is a 10 × 10 cell grid with the cells colored as per conditional
formatting to portray a percent value such % work complete.
 Heat Map
A Heat Map is a visual representation of data in a Table to highlight the data
points of significance.

Step Chart
A Step chart is a Line chart that uses vertical and horizontal lines to connect
the data points in a series, forming a step-like progression.

Box and Whisker Chart

Box and Whisker charts, also referred to as Box Plots are commonly used in
statistical analysis. In a Box and Whisker chart, numerical data is divided
into quartiles and a box is drawn between the first and third quartiles, with
an additional line drawn along the second quartile to mark the median. The
minimums and maximums outside the first and third quartiles are depicted
with lines, which are called whiskers. Whiskers indicate variability outside
the upper and lower quartiles, and any point outside the whiskers is
considered as an outlier.
 Histogram
A Histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical
data and is widely used in Statistical Analysis. A Histogram is represented
by rectangles with lengths corresponding to the number of occurrences of a
variable in successive numerical intervals.
 Pareto Chart
Pareto chart is widely used in Statistical Analysis for decision-making. It
represents the Pareto principle, also called 80/20 Rule, which states that 80%
of the results are due to 20% of the causes.

Organization Chart
An Organization chart graphically represents the management structure of an
organization.
Though some of these charts are included in Excel 2016, Excel 2013 and
earlier versions do not have them as built-in charts. In this tutorial, you will
learn how to create these charts from the built-in chart types in Excel.

Methodology for Creating Advanced Excel

Charts
For each of the advanced charts mentioned above, you will learn how to
create them in Excel with the following steps −
Prepare data for the chart − Your input data might have to be
put in a format that can be used to create the chart at hand. Hence,
for each of the charts you will learn how to prepare the data.
Create the chart − You will learn step by step how you can
arrive at the chart, with illustrations.
 WATERFALL CHART
Waterfall chart is one of the most popular visualization tools used in small
and large businesses, especially in Finance. Waterfall charts are ideal for
showing how you have arrived at a net value such as net income, by
breaking down the cumulative effect of positive and negative contributions.

What is a Waterfall Chart?

A Waterfall chart is a form of data visualization that helps in understanding
the cumulative effect of sequentially introduced positive or negative values.
A typical Waterfall chart is used to show how an initial value is increased
and decreased by a series of intermediate values, leading to a final value.
In a Waterfall chart, the columns are color coded so that you can quickly tell
positive from negative numbers. The initial and the final value columns start
on the horizontal axis, while the intermediate values are floating columns.
Because of this look, Waterfall charts are also called Bridge charts, Flying
Bricks charts or Cascade charts.

Advantages of Waterfall Charts

A Waterfall chart has the following advantages −
Analytical purposes − Used especially for understanding or
explaining, the gradual transition in the quantitative value of an
entity, which is subjected to increment or decrement.
Quantitative analysis − Used in quantitative analysis ranging
from inventory analysis to performance analysis.
Tracking contracts − Starting with the number of contracts at
hand at the beginning of the year, taking into account −
The new contracts that are added
The contracts that got cancelled
The contracts that are finished, and
Finally ending with the number of contracts at hand at
the end of the year.
 Tracking performance of company over a given number of
years.

In general, if you have an initial value, and changes (positive and negative)
occur to that value over a period of time, then Waterfall chart can be used to
depict the initial value, positive and negative changes in their order of
occurrence and the final value.

Preparation of Data
You need to prepare the data from the given input data, so that it can be
portrayed as a Waterfall chart.
Consider the following data −

Prepare the data for the Waterfall chart as follows −

Ensure the column Net Cash Flow is to the left of the Months
Column (This is because you will not include Net Cash Flow
column while creating the chart).
 Add two columns − Increase and Decrease for positive and
negative cash flows respectively.
Add a column Start − the first column in the chart with the
start value in the Net Cash Flow.
Add a column End − the last column in the chart with the end
value in the Net Cash Flow.
Add a column Float − that supports the intermediate columns.
Insert formulas to compute the values in these columns as given
in the table below.

In the Float column, insert a row in the beginning and at the end. Place an
arbitrary value 50000. This is just to have some space to the left and right
sides of the chart.
The data will look as given in the following table −
The data is ready to create a Waterfall chart.

Creating a Waterfall Chart

You can create a Waterfall chart customizing Stacked Column chart as
follows −
Step 1 − Select the cells C2:H18 (i.e. excluding the Net Cash Flow column).
Step 2 − Insert Stacked Column chart.
Step 3 − Right click on the Float series.
Step 4 − Click Format Data Series in the dropdown list.
Step 5 − Select No fill for FILL in the SERIES OPTIONS in the Format
Data Series pane.

Step 6 − Right click on the Negative series.

Step 7 − Select Fill color as red.

Step 8 − Right click on the Positive series.

Step 9 − Select Fill color as green.
Step 10 − Right click on the Start series.
Step 11 − Select Fill color as gray.
Step 12 − Right click on the End series.
Step 13 − Select Fill color as gray.
Step 14 − Right click on any of the series.
Step 15 − Select Gap Width as 10% under SERIES OPTIONS in the Format
Data Series pane.

Step 16 − Give a name to the chart.

Your Waterfall chart is ready.

 BAND CHART
Suppose you have data across a time period to represent graphically,
confiding each data point to a defined interval. For example, you might have
to present customer survey results of a product from different regions. Band
chart is suitable for this purpose.

What is Band Chart?

A Band chart is a Line chart with added shaded areas to display the upper
and lower boundaries of the defined data ranges. The shaded areas are the
Bands.

Band chart is also referred to as Range chart, High-Low Line chart or

Corridor chart.

Advantages of Band Charts

Band chart is used in the following scenarios −
 Monitoring a metric within standard defined bands.
Profit % for each of the regions (represented by Line chart) and
bands with defined intervals in the range 0% - 100%.
Performance measurements of an employee or company
responses to client’s complaints.
Monitoring Service Tickets- Responded service tickets as line
and the throughput time as bands.

Preparation of Data
You need to prepare the data that can be used to create a Band chart from the
given input data.
Step 1 − Consider the following data that you have from the customer
survey for two regions – East and West across the financial year April -
March.
Suppose you want to compare this data across three intervals −
Low (<50%).
Medium (50% - 80%).
High (>80%).

Step 2 − Add three columns to the above table as shown below.

As you can observe, the values in the column Low are 50%, denoting the
band 0% - 50% and the values in the column Medium are 30%, denoting the
bandwidth of Medium above the band Low. Similarly the values in the
column High are 20%, denoting the band width of High above the band
Low.
Use this data to create a Band chart.

Creating a Band Chart

Follow the steps given below to create a Band chart −
Step 1 − Select the data in the above table.
Step 2 − Insert a Combo chart.
Step 3 − Click on Change Chart Type. Change the chart types for the data
series as follows −
Line with Markers for East series and West series.
Stacked Column for the series - Low, Medium and High.

Your chart looks as shown below.

Step 4 − Click one of the Columns.
Step 5 − Change Gap Width to 0% in the Format Data Series pane.

You will get Bands instead of Columns.

Step 6 − Make the chart appealing −
Add Chart Title.
Adjust Vertical Axis range.
Change the colors of the bands to Green-Yellow-Red.
Add Data Labels to bands.

The result is a Band chart with defined boundaries depicted by bands. The
survey results are represented across the bands. One can quickly and clearly
make out from the chart whether the survey results are satisfactory or they
need attention.
Your Band chart is ready.
 GANTT CHART
Gantt charts are widely in use for project planning and tracking. A Gantt
chart provides a graphical illustration of a schedule that helps to plan,
coordinate, and track specific tasks in a project. There are software
applications that provide Gantt chart as a means of planning work and
tracking the same such as Microsoft Project. However, you can create a
Gantt chart easily in Excel also.

What is a Gantt Chart?

A Gantt chart is a chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows the
amount of work done in certain periods of time with relation to the amount
of work planned for those periods. The horizontal lines depict tasks, task
duration and task hierarchy.
Henry L. Gantt, an American engineer and social scientist, developed gantt
chart as a production control tool in 1917.
In Excel, you can create a Gantt chart by customizing a Stacked Bar chart
type with the Bars representing tasks. An Excel Gantt chart typically uses
days as the unit of time along the horizontal axis.
Advantages of Gantt Charts
Gantt chart is frequently used in project management to manage project
schedule.
It provides visual timeline for starting and finishing specific
tasks.
It accommodates multiple tasks and timelines into a single
chart.
It is an easy way to understand visualization that shows the
amount of work done, the remaining work, and schedule
slippages, if any at any point of time.
If the Gantt chart is shared at a common place, it limits the
number of status meetings.
Gantt chart promotes on-time deliveries, as the timeline is
visible to everyone who is involved in the work.
It promotes collaboration and team spirit with project
completion on-time as a common goal.
It provides a realistic view of the project progress and
 eliminates project end surprises.

Preparation of Data
Arrange your data in a table in the following way −
Create three columns – Task, Start and Duration.
In the Task column, give the names of the Tasks in the project.
In the Start column, for each Task, place the number of days
from the Start Date of the project.
In the Duration column, for each Task, place the duration of the
Task in days.

Note − When the Tasks are in a hierarchy, Start of any Task – Taskg is Start
of previous Task + it’s Duration. That is, Start of a Task Taskh is the End of
the previous Task, Taskg if they are in a hierarchy, meaning that Taskh is
dependent on Taskg. This is referred to as Task Dependency.
Following is the data −

Creating a Gantt Chart

Step 1 − Select the data.
Step 2 − Insert a Stacked Bar chart.

Step 3 − Right click on a bar representing Start series.

Step 4 − Click the Fill icon. Select No Fill from the dropdown list.
Step 5 − Right click on the Vertical Axis (Categories Axis).
Step 6 − Select Format Axis from the dropdown list.
Step 7 − On the AXIS OPTIONS tab, in the Format Axis pane, check the
box - Categories in reverse order.

You will see that the Vertical Axis values are reversed. Moreover, the
Horizontal Axis shifts to the top of the chart.
Step 8 − Make the chart appealing with some formatting.
In Chart Elements, deselect the following −
Legend.
Gridlines.
Format the Horizontal Axis as follows −
Adjust the range.
Major Tick Marks at 5 day intervals.
Minor Tick Marks at 1 day intervals.
Format Data Series to make the Bars look impressive.
Give a Chart Title.

Your Gantt chart is ready.

 THERMOMETER CHART
Thermometer chart is a visualization of the actual value of well-defined
measure, for example, task status as compared to a target value. This is a
linear version of Gauge chart that you will learn in the next chapter.
You can track your progress against the target over a period of time with a
simple rising Thermometer chart.

What is a Thermometer Chart?

A Thermometer chart keeps track of a single task, for example, completion
of work, representing the current status as compared to the target. It displays
the percentage of the task completed, taking target as 100%.
A Thermometer chart looks as shown below.
Advantages of Thermometer Charts
Thermometer chart can be used to track any actual value as compared to the
target value as percentage completed. It works with a single value and is an
appealing chart that can be included in dashboards for a quick visual impact
on % achieved, % performance against the target sales target, % profit, %
work completion, % budget utilized, etc.
If you have multiple values to track the actuals against the targets, you can
use Bullet chart that you will learn in a later chapter.

Preparation of Data
Prepare the data in the following way −
Calculate the Actual as a percentage of the actual value as
compared to the target value.
Target should always be 100%.
Place your data in a table as given below.

Creating a Thermometer Chart

Following are the steps to create a Thermometer chart −
Step 1 − Select the data.
Step 2 − Insert a Clustered Column chart.
As you can see, the right Column is Target.
Step 3 − Click on a Column in the chart.
Step 4 − Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Step 5 − Click the Switch Row/ Column button.
Step 6 − Right click on the Target Column.
Step 7 − Select Format Data Series from the dropdown list.
Step 8 − Click on Secondary Axis under SERIES OPTIONS in the Format
Data Series pane.

As you can see, the Primary Axis and the Secondary Axis have different
ranges.
Step 9 − Right click on the Primary Axis. Select Format Axis from the
dropdown list.
Step 10 − Type the following in Bounds under AXIS OPTIONS in the
Format Axis pane −
0 for Minimum.
1 for Maximum.

Repeat the steps given above for the Secondary Axis to change the Bounds
to 0 and 1.

Both the Primary Axis and Secondary Axis will be set to 0% - 100%.
As you can observe, the Target Column hides the Actual Column.
Step 11 − Right click on the visible Column, i.e. Target.
Step 12 − Select Format Data Series from the dropdown list.
In the Format Data Series pane, select the following −
No fill under the FILL option.
Solid line under the BORDER option.
Blue under the Color option.
Step 13 − In Chart Elements, deselect the following −
Axis → Primary Horizontal.
Axis → Secondary Vertical.
Gridlines.
Chart Title.

Step 14 − Right click on the Primary Vertical Axis.

Step 15 − Select Format Axis from the dropdown list.
Step 16 − Click TICK MARKS under the AXIS OPTIONS in the Format
Axis pane.
Step 17 − Select the option Inside for Major type.
Step 18 − Right click on the Chart Area.
Step 19 − Select Format Plot Area from the dropdown list.
Step 20 − Click Fill & Line in the Format Plot Area pane. Select the
following −
No fill under the FILL option.
No line under the BORDER option.

Step 21 − Resize the Chart Area to get the Thermometer shape for the chart.
You got your Thermometer chart, with the Actual Value as against Target
Value being shown.
Step 22 − You can make this Thermometer chart more appealing with some
formatting.
Insert a Rectangle shape superimposing the blue rectangular part
in the chart.
In the Format Shape options, select the following −
Gradient fill for FILL.
Linear for Type.
1800 for Angle.
Set the Gradient stops at 0%, 50% and 100%.
For the Gradient stops at 0% and 100%, choose the color black.
For the Gradient stop at 50%, choose the color white.
Insert an oval shape at the bottom.
Format the oval shape with the same options as of rectangle.
The result will be as shown below −
Your aesthetic Thermometer chart is ready. This will look good on a
dashboard or as a part of a presentation.
 GAUGE CHART
A Gauge is a device for measuring the amount or size of something, for
example, fuel/rain/temperature gauge.
There are various scenarios where a Gauge is utilized −
To Gauge the temperature of a person, a thermometer is used.
To Gauge the speed of an automotive, a speedometer is used.
To Gauge the performance of a student, a mark sheet is used.

Gauge charts came into usage to visualize the performance as against a set
goal. The Gauge charts are based on the concept of speedometer of the
automobiles. These have become the most preferred charts by the
executives, to know at a glance whether values are falling within an
acceptable value (green) or the outside acceptable value (red).

What is a Gauge Chart?

Gauge charts, also referred to as Dial charts or Speedometer charts, use a
pointer or a needle to show information as a reading on a dial. A Gauge
Chart shows the minimum, the maximum and the current value depicting
how far from the maximum you are. Alternatively, you can have two or
three ranges between the minimum and maximum values and visualize in
which range the current value is falling.
A Gauge chart looks as shown below −
Advantages of Gauge Charts
Gauge charts can be used to display a value relative to one to three data
ranges. They are commonly used to visualize the following −
Work completed as against total work.
Sales compared to a target.
Service tickets closed as against total service tickets received.
Profit compared to the set goal.

Disadvantages of Gauge Charts

Though the Gauge charts are still the preferred ones by most of the
executives, there are certain drawbacks with them. They are −
Very simple in nature and cannot portray the context.
Often mislead by omitting key information, which is possible in
the current Big Data visualization needs.
They waste space in case multiple charts are to be used. For
example, to display information regarding different cars on a
single dashboard.
They are not color-blind friendly.

For these reasons Bullet charts, introduced by Stephen Few are becoming
prominent. The data analysts find Bullet charts to be the means for data
analysis.
Creating a Gauge Chart
You can create Gauge charts in two ways −
Creating a simple Gauge chart with one value − This simple
Gauge chart is based on a Pie chart.
Creating a Gauge chart with more number of Ranges − This
Gauge chart is based on the combination of a Doughnut chart and
a Pie chart.

Simple Gauge Chart with One Value

We will learn how to prepare the data and create a simple Gauge chart with
single value.

Preparation of Data
Consider the following data −

Step 1 − Create data for Gauge chart as shown below.

Step 2 − The data will look as follows −

You can observe the following −

C7 contains the value corresponding to C2.
C5 has 100% to represent half of the Pie chart.
C6 has a value to make C6 and C7 to be 100% that makes second
half of the Pie chart.

Creating a Simple Gauge Chart

Following are the steps to create a simple Gauge chart with one value −
Step 1 − Select the data – C5:C7.
Step 2 − Insert a Pie chart.
Step 3 − Right click on the chart.
Step 4 − Select Format Data Series from the dropdown list.
Step 5 − Click SERIES OPTIONS.
Step 6 − Type 90 in the box – Angle of first slice.

As you can observe, the upper half of the Pie chart is what you will convert
to a Gauge chart.
Step 7 − Right click on the bottom Pie slice.
Step 8 − Click on Fill. Select No Fill.

This will make the bottom Pie slice invisible.

You can see that the Pie slice on the right represents the Profit %.
Step 9 − Make the chart appealing as follows.
Change the Fill colors of the Pie slices.
Click on the right Pie slice, select 3-D FORMAT as Top bevel,
and choose Angle.
Click on the left Pie slice, select 3-D FORMAT as Top bevel, and
choose Divot.
Click on the right Pie slice, select 1% as Point Explosion under
SERIES OPTIONS.
Click on the right Pie slice and add Data Label.
Size and Position the Data Label.
Deselect Legend in Chart Elements.
Give the chart Title as Profit % and Position it.
Your Gauge chart is ready.

Gauge Chart with Multiple Ranges

Now let us see how to make a gauge chart with more ranges.

Preparation of Data
Arrange the data for values as given below.

This data will be used for Doughnut chart. Arrange the data for Pointer as
given below.

You can observe the following −

The value in the cell C8 is the value you want display in the
Gauge chart.
The value in the cell C9 is the Pointer size. You can take it as 5
for brevity in formatting and later change to 1, to make it a thin
pointer.
The value in the cell C10 is calculated as 200 – (C8+C9). This
is to complete the Pie chart.

Creating Gauge Chart with Multiple Ranges

You can create the Gauge chart with a Doughnut chart showing different
regions corresponding to different Values and a Pie chart denoting the
pointer. Such a Gauge chart looks as follows −
Step 1 − Select the values data and create a Doughnut chart.

Step 2 − Double click on the half portion of the Doughnut chart (shown in
yellow color in the above chart).
Step 3 − Right click and under the Fill category, select No Fill.
Step 4 − Deselect Chart Title and Legend from Chart Elements.

Step 5 − Right click on the chart and select Format Data Series.
Step 6 − Type 271 in the box – Angle of first slice in the SERIES OPTIONS
in the Format Data Series pane.

Step 7 − Change the Doughnut Hole Size to 50% in the SERIES OPTIONS
in the Format Data Series pane.
Step 8 − Change the colors to make the chart appealing.

As you can observe, the Gauge chart is complete in terms of values. The
next step is to have a pointer or needle to show the status.
Step 9 − Create the pointer with a Pie chart as follows.
Click on the Doughnut chart.
Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Click Select Data in the Data group.
Select Data Source dialog box appears. Click the Add button.
Step 10 − The Edit Series dialog box appears.
Select the cell containing the name Pointer for Series name.
Select the cells containing data for Value, Pointer and End, i.e.
C8:C10 for Series values. Click OK.

Step 11 − Click OK in the Select Data Source dialog box.

Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Click Change Chart Type in the Type group.
Change Chart Type dialog box appears. Select Combo under the
tab All Charts.
Select the chart types as following −
Doughnut for Value series.
Pie for Pointer series.
Check the box Secondary Axis for the Pointer series. Click OK.

Your chart looks as shown below.

Step 12 − Right click on each of the two bigger Pie slices.

Click on Fill and then select No Fill. Right click on the Pointer
Pie slice and select Format Data Series.
Type 270 for Angle of first slice in the SERIES OPTIONS.
Your chart looks as shown below.

Step 13 − Right click on the Pointer Pie slice.

Click on Format Data Series.
Click on Fill & Line.
 Select Solid Fill for Fill and select the color as black.
Select Solid Line for Border and select the color as black.

Step 14 − Change the Pointer value from 5 to 1 in the data to make the
Pointer Pie slice a thin line.

Step 15 − Add a Data Label that depicts % complete.

Your Gauge chart is ready.

 BULLET CHART
Bullet charts came into existence to overcome the drawbacks of Gauge
charts. We can refer to them as Liner Gauge charts. Bullet charts were
introduced by Stephen Few. A Bullet chart is used to compare categories
easily and saves on space. The format of the Bullet chart is flexible.

What is a Bullet Chart?

According to Stephen Few, Bullet charts support the comparison of a
measure to one or more related measures (for example, a target or the same
measure at some point in the past, such as a year ago) and relate the measure
to defined quantitative ranges that declare its qualitative state (for example,
good, satisfactory and poor). Its linear design not only gives it a small
footprint, but also supports more efficient reading than the Gauge charts.
Consider an example given below −
In a Bullet chart, you will have the following components −
The qualitative bands representing the qualitative states −

Band Qualitative Value

<30% Poor

30% - 60% Fair

60% - 80% Good

> 80% Excellent

 Target Value, say 80%.
Actual Value, say 70%.

With the above values, the Bullet chart looks as shown below.

Though we used colors in the above chart, Stephen Few suggests the usage
of only Gray shades in the interest of color-blind people.

Advantages of Bullet Charts

Bullet charts have the following uses and advantages −
Bullet Charts are widely used by data analysts and dashboard
vendors.
Bullet charts can be used to compare the performance of a
metric. For example, if you want to compare the sales of two
years or to compare the total sales to a target, you can use bullet
charts.
You can use Bullet chart to track the number of defects in Low,
Medium and High categories.
You can visualize the Revenue flow across the Fiscal year.
You can visualize the expenses across the Fiscal year.
You can track Profit%.
You can visualize customer satisfaction and can be used to
display KPIs also.
Preparation of Data
Arrange the data as given below.

As you can observe, the qualitative values are given in the column –
Performance. The Bands are represented by the column – Value.

Creating a Bullet Chart

Following are the steps to create a Bullet chart −
Step 1 − Select the data and insert a Stacked Column chart.

Step 2 − Click on the chart.

Step 3 − Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Step 4 − Click Switch Row/ Column button in the Data group.

Step 5 − Change the chart type.

Click Change Chart Type.
Click the Combo icon.
Change the chart type for Target to Stacked Line with Markers.
Check the box – Secondary Axis for Target and click OK.

Step 6 − As you can see, the Primary and the Secondary Vertical Axis have
different ranges. Make them equal as follows.
Right click on Primary Vertical Axis and select Format Axis.
Click on the AXIS OPTIONS tab in the Format Axis pane.
In AXIS OPIONS, under Bounds, type the following −
0.0 for Minimum
 1.0 for Maximum
Repeat the above steps for Secondary Vertical Axis.

Step 7 − Deselect Secondary Vertical Axis in the Chart Elements.

Step 8 − Design the chart

Click on the chart.
Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Click Change Chart Type.
Check the Secondary Axis box for the Value series.

Step 9 − Right click on the column for Value (blue color in the above chart).
Step 10 − Select Format Data Series.
Step 11 − Change Gap Width to 500% under SERIES OPTIONS in Format
Data Series pane.

Step 12 − Deselect Secondary Vertical Axis in the Chart Elements.

The chart will look as follows −

Step 13 − Design the chart as follows −

Click on the chart.
Click Chart Styles at the right corner of the chart.
Click the COLOR tab.
Select Color 17.

Step 14 − Fine tune the chart as follows.

 Right click on the Value column.
Change the Fill color to dark green.
Click on the Target.
Change the Fill and Line color of Marker to orange.
Increase the size of the Marker.

Step 15 − Fine-tune the chart design.

Resize the chart.
Select Legend in Chart Elements.
Deselect Primary Horizontal Axis in Chart Elements.
Deselect Gridlines in Chart Elements.
Give a Chart Title.

Your Bullet chart is ready.

You can change the color of the chart to gray gradient scale to make it
colorblind friendly.

Bullet Chart in Reverse Contexts

Suppose you want to display the number of defects found in a Bullet chart.
In this case, lesser defects mean greater quality. You can define defect
categories as follows −

Step 1 − You can then define a Limit for number of defects and represent
the number of defects found by a Value. Add Value and Limit to the above
table.
Step 2 − Select the data.
Step 3 − Create a Bullet chart as you have learnt in the previous section.

As you can see, the ranges are changed to correctly interpret the context.
 FUNNEL CHART
Funnel chart is used to visualize the progressive reduction of data as it
passes from one phase to another. Data in each of these phases is represented
as different portions of 100% (the whole). Like the Pie chart, the Funnel
chart does not use any axes either.
For example, in a sales pipeline, there will be stages as shown below.
Prospects → Qualified Prospects → Proposals → Negotiations → Final
Sales.
Typically, the values decrease gradually. Many prospects are identified, but
a part of them are validated and even lesser qualify for Proposals. A still
lesser number come for negotiations and in the end, there is only a handful
of deals that are won. This will make the bars resemble a funnel.

What is a Funnel Chart?

The Funnel chart shows a process that starts at the initial state and ends with
a final state, where it is noticeable in what stages the fall out happens and by
what magnitude. If the chart is also combined with research data, meaning
quantified measurements of just how many items are lost at each step of the
sales or order fulfillment process, then the Funnel chart illustrates where the
biggest bottlenecks are in the process.
Unlike a real funnel, not everything that is poured in at the top flows through
to the bottom. The name only refers to the shape of the chart, the purpose of
which is illustrative.
Another variant of Funnel chart is where the data in each of these phases is
represented as different portions of 100% (the whole), to show at what rate
the changes occur along the Funnel.
Like the Pie chart, the Funnel chart does not use any axes either.

Advantages of Funnel Charts

Funnel chart can be used in various scenarios, including the following −
To allow executives to see how effective the sales team is in
turning a sales lead into a closed deal.
A Funnel chart can be used to display Web site visitor trends. It
can display visitor page hits to the home page at the top, and the
other areas, for e.g. the web site downloads or the people
interested in buying the product will be proportionally smaller.
Order fulfillment funnel chart with the initiated orders on top
and down to the bottom the orders delivered to satisfied
customers. It shows how many there are still in the process and
the percentage cancelled and returned.
Another use of Funnel chart is to display sales by each
salesperson.
Funnel chart can also be used to evaluate Recruitment process.
Funnel chart can also be used to analyze the order fulfillment
 process.

Preparation of Data
Place the data values in a table.

Step 1 − Insert a column in the table as shown below.

You will get the following data. You will use this table to create the Funnel
chart.

Creating a Funnel Chart

Following are the steps to create the Funnel chart −
Step 1 − Select the data and insert a Stacked Bar chart.

Step 2 − Right click on the Shift Bars (blue color in the above chart) and
change Fill color to No Fill.

The chart looks as shown below.

Step 3 − Design the chart as follows.

Right click on the Vertical Axis.
Select Format Axis from the dropdown list.
Click AXIS OPTIONS in the Format Axis pane.
Check the box – Categories in reverse order.
Step 4 − Fine tune the chart as follows.
Deselect Legend in Chart Elements.
Change the Chart Title.
Right click on the orange Bars.
Select Format Data Series.
Change the Gap Width to 0% in the SERIES OPTIONS.

Step 5 − Select Data Labels in Chart Elements.

Your Sales Pipeline Funnel chart is ready.

Formatting a Funnel Chart

Step 6 − Make the chart more appealing as follows
Click on the Chart Elements.
Deselect Horizontal Axis.
Deselect Gridlines.
Right click on the Bars.
Select Format Data Series from the dropdown list.
Click on Fill & Line under SERIES OPTIONS in the Format Data
Series pane.
Click on Gradient fill under the Fill option.
Set Gradient stops.

Step 7 − Click on Solid line under BORDER. Select Color as black.

Your formatted Funnel chart is ready.

Aesthetic Funnel Chart

Now that you understood the fundamentals of Funnel chart, you can proceed
to create an aesthetic Funnel chart that actually looks like a Funnel as
follows −
Step 1 − Start with the original table of data.

Step 2 − Select the data and insert a 3-D Stacked Column chart.

Step 3 − Design the chart as follows.

Right click on the Columns.
Select Format Data Series.
Click on SERIES OPTIONS in the Format Data Series pane.
Select Full Cone under Column shape.

Step 4 − Fine tune the chart as follows.

Click the Design tab on the Ribbon.
Click Switch Row / Column.
Right click on the Vertical Axis and select Format Axis from the
dropdown list.
Click AXIS OPTIONS in the Format Axis pane.
Check the box – Values in reverse order.

Step 5 − Deselect all the Chart Elements

Step 6 − Right click on the Bars and select Format Data Series from the
dropdown list.
Step 7 − Click on SERIES OPTIONS in the Format Data Series pane and
type 50% for Gap Depth under SERIES OPTIONS.

Step 8 − Format your chart with details as follows.

Select Data Labels in Chart Elements.
Place them and format them.
You can choose Call Out option for the Data Label of the bottom
part.
Give a Chart Title.

Your Funnel chart is ready.

 WAFFLE CHART
Waffle chart adds beauty to your data visualization, if you want to display
work progress as percentage of completion, goal achieved vs Target, etc. It
gives a quick visual cue of what you want to portray.
Waffle chart is also known as Square Pie chart or Matrix chart.

What is a Waffle Chart?

Waffle chart is a 10 × 10 cell grid with the cells colored as per conditional
formatting. The grid represents values in the range 1% - 100% and the cells
will be highlighted with the conditional formatting applied to the % values
they contain. For example, if the percentage of completion of work is 85%,
it is portrayed by formatting all the cells that contain values <= 85% with a
specific color, say green.
Waffle chart looks as shown below.
Advantages of Waffle Chart
Waffle chart has the following advantages −
It is visually interesting.
It is very readable.
It is discoverable.
It does not distort the data.
It provides visual communication beyond simple data
visualization.

Uses of Waffle Chart

The Waffle chart is used for completely flat data that adds up to 100%. The
percentage of a variable is highlighted to give the depiction by the number of
cells that are highlighted. It can be used for various purposes, including the
following −
To display the percentage of work that is complete.
 To display the percentage of progress that is made.
To depict the expenses incurred as against the budget.
To display Profit %.
To portray the actual value achieved as against the set target, say
in sales.
To visualize the company progress as against the goals that are
set.
To display the pass percentage in an exam in a college / city/ state.

Creating a Waffle Chart Grid

For the Waffle Chart, you need to first create the 10 × 10 Grid of square
cells such that the Grid itself will be a square.
Step 1 − Create a 10 × 10 square grid on an Excel sheet by adjusting the cell
widths.

Step 2 − Fill the cells with % values, starting with 1% in the left-bottom cell
and ending with 100% in the right-top cell.
Step 3 − Decrease the font size such that all the values are visible but do not
change the shape of the grid.

This is the grid that you will use for the Waffle chart.

Creating a Waffle Chart

Suppose you have the following data −

Step 1 − Create a Waffle chart that displays the Profit% for the Region East
by applying Conditional Formatting to the Grid you have created as follows
−
 Select the Grid.
Click Conditional Formatting on the Ribbon.
Select New Rule from the drop down list.
Define the Rule to format values <= 85 % (give the cell
reference of the Profit %) with fill color and font color as dark
green.

Step 2 − Define another rule to format values > 85 % (give the cell reference
of the Profit %) with fill color and font color as light green.

Step 3 − Give the Chart Title by giving reference to the cell B3.

As you can see, choosing the same color for both Fill and Font enable you
not to display the %values.
Step 4 − Give a Label to the chart as follows.
Insert a Text box in the chart.
Give the reference to the cell C3 in the Text box.

Step 5 − Color the cell borders white.

Your Waffle chart for the Region East is ready.

Create Waffle charts for the Regions, i.e. North, South and West as follows
−
Create the Grids for North, South and West as given in the
previous section.
For each Grid, apply conditional formatting as given above
based on the corresponding Profit % value.
You can also make Waffle charts for different regions distinctly, by
choosing a variation in the colors for Conditional Formatting.

As you can see, the colors chosen for the Waffle charts on the right are
varying from the colors chosen for the Waffle charts on the left.
 HEAT MAP
Heat Map is normally used to refer to the colored distinction of areas in a
two dimensional array, with each color associated with a different
characteristic shared by each area.
In Excel, Heat Map can be applied to a range of cells based on the values
that they contain by using cell colors and/or font colors. Excel Conditional
Formatting comes handy for this purpose.

What is a Heat Map?

A Heat Map is a visual representation of data in a table to highlight the data
points of significance. For example, if you have month wise data on sale of
products over the last one year, you can project in which months a product
has high or low sales.
A Heat Map looks as shown below.

Advantages of Heat Maps

Heat Map can be used to visually display the different ranges of data with
distinct colors. This is very useful when you have large data sets and you
want to quickly visualize certain traits in the data.
Heat maps are used to −
Highlight the top few and the bottom few of a range of values.
Portray a trend in the values by using color shades.
Identify blank cells – say in an answer sheet or a questionnaire.
Highlight the quality ranges of the products.
Highlight the numbers in supply chain.
Highlight negative values.
Highlight zero values.
Highlight outliers defined by thresholds.

Preparation of Data
Arrange the data in a table.

As you can see, the data is for a fiscal year, April – March, month-wise for
each product. You can create a Heat Map to quickly identify during what
months the sales were high or low.

Creating a Heat Map

Following are the steps to create a Heat Map −
Step 1 − Select the data.
Step 2 − Click Conditional Formatting on the Ribbon. Click Manage Rules
and add rules as shown below.

The top five values are colored with green (fill) and the bottom five values
are colored with red (fill).
Creating Heat Map without Displaying Values
At times, the viewers might be just be interested in the information and the
numbers might not be necessary. In such a case, you can do a bit of
formatting as follows −
Step 1 − Select the data and select the font color as white.

As you can see, the numbers are not visible. Next, you need to highlight the
top five and bottom five values without displaying the numbers.
Step 2 − Select the data (which is not visible, of course).
Step 3 − Apply Conditional Formatting such that the top five values are
colored with green (both fill and font) and the bottom five values are colored
with red (both fill and font).

Step 4 − Click the Apply button.

This gives a quick visualization of high and low sales across the year and
across the products. As you have chosen the same color for both fill and
font, the values are not visible.
 STEP CHART
Step chart is useful if you have to display the data that changes at irregular
intervals and remains constant between the changes. For example, Step chart
can be used to show the price changes of commodities, changes in tax rates,
changes in interest rates, etc.

What is a Step Chart?

A Step chart is a Line chart that does not use the shortest distance to connect
two data points. Instead, it uses vertical and horizontal lines to connect the
data points in a series forming a step-like progression. The vertical parts of a
Step chart denote changes in the data and their magnitude. The horizontal
parts of a Step chart denote the constancy of the data.
Consider the following data −

As you can observe, the data changes are occurring at irregular intervals.
A Step chart looks as shown below.
As you can see, the data changes are occurring at irregular intervals. When
the data remains constant, it is depicted by a horizontal Line, till a change
occurs. When a change occurs, its magnitude is depicted by a vertical Line.
If you had displayed the same data with a Line chart, it would be like as
shown below.

Differences between Line Charts and Step

Charts
You can identify the following differences between a Line chart and a Step
chart for the same data −
The focus of the Line chart is on the trend of the data points and
not the exact time of the change. A Step chart shows the exact
time of the change in the data along with the trend.

A Line chart cannot depict the magnitude of the change but a

Step chart visually depicts the magnitude of the change.
 Line chart cannot show the duration for which there is no
change in a data value. A Step chart can clearly show the duration
for which there is no change in a data value.

A Line chart can sometimes be deceptive in displaying the trend

between two data values. For example, Line chart can show a
change between two values, while it is not the case. On the other
hand, a step chart can clearly display the steadiness when there
are no changes.

A Line chart can display a sudden increase/decrease, though the

changes occur only on two occasions. A Step chart can display
only the two occurred changes and when the changes actually
happened.

Advantages of Step Charts

Step charts are useful to portray any type of data that has an innate nature of
data changes at irregular intervals of time. Examples include the following −
Interest rates vs. time.
Tax rates vs. income.
Electricity charges slabs based on the Units utilized.

Preparation of Data
Consider the following data −

Step 1 − Select the data. Copy and paste the data below the last row of the
data.

Step 2 − Copy and paste the entire data on the right side of the data. The
data looks as given below.

Step 3 − Delete the cells highlighted in red that are depicted in the table of
second set of data given below.

Step 4 − Shift the cells up while deleting. The second set of data looks as
given below.

Step 5 − Copy the second set of data and paste it to the right side of it to get
the third set of data.
Step 6 − Select the third set of data. Sort it from the smallest to the largest
values.

You need to use this sorted third set of data to create the Step chart.

Creating a Step Chart

Follow the steps given below to create a step chart −
Step 1 − Select the third set of data and insert a Line chart.

Step 2 − Format the chart as follows −

Click on the chart.
Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Click Select Data in the Data group. The Select Data Source
dialog box appears.
 Select Series1 under Legend Entries (Series).
Click the Remove button.
Click the Edit button under Horizontal (Category) Axis Labels.
Click OK.

The Axis Labels dialog box appears.

Step 3 − Select the cells F2:F10 under the Axis labels range and click OK.

Step 4 − Click OK in the Select Data Source dialog box. Your chart will
look as shown below.

Step 5 − As you can observe, some values (Years) in the Horizontal

(Category) Axis are missing. To insert the values, follow the steps given
below.
Right click on the Horizontal Axis.
Select Format Axis.
Click AXIS OPTIONS in the Format Axis pane.
Select Date Axis under Axis Type in AXIS OPTIONS.

As you can see, the Horizontal (Category) Axis now contains even the
missing Years in the Category values. Further, until a change occurs, the line
is horizontal. When there is a change, its magnitude is depicted by the height
of the vertical line.
Step 6 − Deselect the Chart Title and Legend in Chart Elements.
Your Step chart is ready.
 BOX AND WHISKER
CHART
Box and Whisker charts, also referred to as Box Plots are commonly used in
statistical analysis. For example, you can use a Box and Whisker chart to
compare experimental results or competitive exam results.

What is a Box and Whisker Chart?

In a Box and Whisker chart, numerical data is divided into quartiles and a
box is drawn between the first and third quartiles, with an additional line
drawn along the second quartile to mark the median. The minimums and
maximums outside the first and third quartiles are depicted with lines, which
are called whiskers. Whiskers indicate variability outside the upper and
lower quartiles, and any point outside the whiskers is considered as an
outlier.
A Box and Whisker chart looks as shown below.
Advantages of Box and Whisker Charts
You can use Box and Whisker chart wherever to understand the distribution
of data. And the data can be diverse that is drawn from any field for
statistical analysis. Examples include the following −
Survey responses on a particular product or service to
understand the user’s preferences.
Examination results to identify which students need more
attention in a particular subject.
Question-Answer patterns for a competitive examination to
finalize the combination of categories.
Laboratory results to draw conclusions on a new drug that is
invented.
Traffic patterns on a particular route to streamline the signals
that are enroute. The outliers also help in identifying the reasons
for the data to get outcast.

Preparation of Data
Suppose you are given the following data −

Create a second table from the above table as follows −

Step 1 − Compute the following for each of the series – 2014, 2015 and
2016 using Excel Functions MIN, QUARTILE and MAX.
Minimum Value.
First Quartile.
Median Value.
Third Quartile.
Maximum Value.

The resulting second table will be as given below.

Step 2 − Create a third table from the second table, computing the
differences −
Retain the first row – Minimum Value as it is.
In the second row – compute values as First Quartile - Minimum
Value.
In the third row – compute values as Median Value - First
Quartile.
In the fourth row – compute values as Third Quartile - Median
Value.
In the fifth row – compute values as Maximum Value - Third
Quartile.

You will get the third table as shown below.

You will use this data for the Box and Whisker chart.
Creating a Box and Whisker Chart
Following are the steps to create a Box and Whisker chart.
Step 1 − Select the data obtained as the third table in the previous section.
Step 2 − Insert a Stacked Column chart.

Step 3 − Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.

Step 4 − Click Switch Row / Column button in the Data group.

Your chart will be as shown below.

Step 5 − Right click on the bottom Data Series. Click Fill and select No Fill.

The bottom Data series becomes invisible.

Step 6 − Deselect Chart Title and Legend in Chart Elements.

Step 7 − Change the Horizontal Axis Labels to 2014, 2015 and 2016.

Step 8 − Now, your Boxes are ready. Next, you have to create the Whiskers.
Right click on the Top Data Series.
Change Fill to No Fill.
Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Click Add Chart Element in the Chart layouts group.
Click Error Bars in the dropdown list and select Standard
Deviation.
Step 9 − You got the top Whiskers. Next, format Whiskers (Error Bars) as
follows −
Right click on the Error Bars.
Select Format Error Bars.
Select the following under ERROR BAR OPTIONS in the
Format Error Bars pane.
Select Minus under Direction.
Select No Cap under End Style.
Select Percentage under Error Amount and type 100.

Step 10 − Click the Fill & Line tab under ERROR BAR OPTIONS in the
Format Error Bars pane.
Select Solid line under LINE.
Select the color as dark blue.
Type 1.5 in the Width box.

Step 11 − Repeat the above given steps for the second lower bottom Series.

Step 12 − Next, format the boxes as follows.

Right click on one of the Box series.
Click Fill.
Choose color as light blue.
Click Outline.
Choose the color as dark blue.
Click Weight.
Select 1½ pt.
Step 13 − Repeat the steps given above for the other Box series.

Your Box and Whisker chart is ready.

 HISTOGRAM
A Histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical
data. It is widely used in Statistical Analysis. Karl Pearson introduced
histogram.
In Excel, you can create a Histogram from the Analysis ToolPak that comes
as an add-in with Excel. However, in such a case, when the data is updated,
Histogram will not reflect the changed data unless it is modified through
Analysis ToolPak again.
In this chapter, you will learn how to create a Histogram from a Column
chart. In this case, when the source data is updated the chart also gets
refreshed.

What is a Histogram?
A Histogram is represented by rectangles with lengths corresponding to the
number of occurrences of a variable in successive numerical intervals. The
numerical intervals are called bins and the number of occurrences is called
frequency.
The bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping intervals of
the variable. The bins must be adjacent and are of equal size. A rectangle
over a bin with height proportional to the frequency of the bin depicts the
number of cases in that bin. Thus, the horizontal axis represents the bins
whereas the vertical axis represents the frequency. The rectangles are
colored or shaded.
A Histogram will be as shown below.
Advantages of Histograms
Histogram is used to inspect the data for its underlying distribution, outliers,
skewness, etc. For example, Histogram can be used in statistical analysis in
the following scenarios −
A census of a country to obtain the people of various age
groups.
A survey focused on the demography of a country to obtain the
literacy levels.
A study on the effect of tropical diseases during a season across
different regions in a state.

Preparation of Data
Consider the data given below.

Create bins and calculate the number of values in each bin from the above
data as shown below −

The number of values in a bin is referred to as the frequency of that bin.

This table is called a Frequency table and we will use it to create the
Histogram.

Creating a Histogram
Following are the steps to create a Histogram.
Step 1 − Select the data in the Frequency table.
Step 2 − Insert a Clustered Column chart.

Step 3 − Right click on the Columns and select Format Data Series from the
dropdown list.
Step 4 − Click SERIES OPTIONS and change the Gap Width to 0 under
SERIES OPTIONS.

Step 5 − Format the chart as follows.

Click on Fill & Line.
Click on Solid Line under Border.
Select black for color.
Type 1.5 for Width.

Step 6 − Adjust the size of the chart.

Your Histogram is ready. As you can observe, the length of each column
corresponds to the frequency of that particular bin.
 PARETO CHART
Pareto chart is widely used in Statistical Analysis for decision-making. It
represents the Pareto principle, also called the 80/20 Rule.

Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule)

Pareto principle, also called the 80/20 Rule means that 80% of the results are
due to 20% of the causes. For example, 80% of the defects can be attributed
to the key 20% of the causes. It is also termed as vital few and trivial many.
Vilfredo Pareto conducted surveys and observed that 80% of income in most
of the countries went to 20% of the population.

Examples of Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule)

The Pareto principle or the 80/20 Rule can be applied to various scenarios −
80% of customer complaints arise from 20% of your supplies.
80% of schedule delays result from 20% of the key causes.
80% of a company profit can be attributed to 20% of its products.
80% of a company revenues are produced by 20% of the
employees.
80% of the system problems are caused by 20% of causes of
defects.

What is a Pareto Chart?

A Pareto chart is a combination of a Column chart and a Line chart. The
Pareto chart shows the Columns in descending order of the Frequencies and
the Line depicts the cumulative totals of Categories.
A Pareto chart will be as shown below −

Advantages of Pareto Charts

You can use a Pareto chart for the following −
To analyze data about the frequency of problems in a process.
To identify the significant causes for problems in a process.
To identify the significant areas of defects in a product.
To understand the significant bottlenecks in a process pipeline.
To identify the largest issues being faced by a team or an
organization.
To know the top few reasons for employee attrition.
To identify the topmost products that result in high profit.
To decide on the significant improvements that increase the value
of a company.

Preparation of Data
Consider the following data, where the defect causes and the respective
counts are given.

Step 1 − Sort the table by the column - Defect Count in descending order
(Largest to Smallest).

Step 2 − Create a column Cumulative Count as given below −

This would result in the following table −

Step 3 − Sum the column Defect Count.

Step 4 − Create a column Cumulative % as given below.

Step 5 − Format the column Cumulative % as Percentage.

You will use this table to create a Pareto chart.

Creating a Pareto Chart

By creating a Pareto chart, you can conclude what are the key causes for the
defects. In Excel, you can create a Pareto chart as a combo chart of Column
chart and Line chart.
Following are the steps to create Pareto chart −
Step 1 − Select the columns Defect Causes and Defect Count in the table.
Step 2 − Insert a Clustered Column chart.

Step 3 − As you can see, the columns representing causes are in descending
order. Format the chart as follows.
 Right click on the Columns and click on Format Data Series.
Click SERIES OPTIONS in the Format Data Series pane.
Change the Gap Width to 0 under SERIES OPTIONS.
Right click on the Columns and select Outline.
Select a dark color and a Weight to make the border conspicuous.

Your chart will be as shown below.

Step 4 − Design the chart as follows.

Click on the chart.
Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Click Select Data in the Data group. The Select Data Source
dialog box appears.
Click the Add button.

The Edit Series dialog box appears.

Step 5 − Click on the cell – Cumulative % for Series name.
Step 6 − Select the data in Cumulative % column for Series values. Click
OK.

Step 7 − Click OK in the Select Data Source dialog box. Your chart will be
as shown below.

Step 8 − Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.

Step 9 − Click Change Chart Type in the Type group.

Step 10 − Change Chart Type dialog box appears.

 Click the All Charts tab.
Click the Combo button.
Select Clustered Column for Defect Count and Line for
Cumulative %.
Check the box – Secondary Axis for Line chart. Click OK.

As you can observe, 80% of the defects are due to two causes.
 ORGANIZATION CHART
You can illustrate the reporting relationships in your team or organization
using an organization chart. In Excel, you can use a SmartArt graphic that
uses an organization chart layout.

What is an Organization Chart?

An Organization chart graphically represents the management structure of an
organization, such as department managers and the corresponding reporting
employees within the organization. Further, there can be assistants for the
top managers and they are also depicted in the Organization chart.
An Organization chart in Excel will be as shown below.
Preparation of Data
Following are steps to prepare the data for an Organization chart −
Step 1 − Collate the information about the different roles in the organization
as given below.

Step 2 − Identify the reporting relationships in the hierarchy.

You will use this information to create the Organization chart.

Creating an Organization Chart

Following are the steps to create the Organization chart.
Step 1 − Click the INSERT tab on the Ribbon.
Step 2 − Click the SmartArt Graphic icon in the Illustrations group.
Step 3 − Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box appears.

Step 4 − Select Hierarchy from the left pane.

Step 5 − Click on an Organization Chart.
Step 6 − A preview of the Organization Chart appears. Click OK.

The Organization chart template appears in your worksheet.

As you can observe, you can enter the text in the left pane and it appears
immediately on the chart on the right. The box that has a bullet with line
attached in the left pane indicates that it is Assistant box in the chart. The
boxes with bullets in the left pane indicate they are part of hanging layout in
the chart.
Step 7 − Enter the information in the Text pane.
Step 8 − Demote if there is reporting relationship.

Step 9 − Click outside the chart. Your Organization chart is ready.

Formatting the Organization Chart

You can format the Organization chart to give it a designer look. Follow the
steps given below −
Click on the chart.
Click the DESIGN tab on the Ribbon.
Select Polished from the SmartArt Styles group.
Change the colors of the boxes.
Change the font color.
Adjust the size of the boxes.
Adjust the widths of the lines.
Your Organization chart is ready.

**********
 SINCE YOU'RE STILL
HERE....
Now you know everything you need to know about Advanced Excel Charts,
you're welcome!

Okay…maybe this isn't everything you need to know about Advanced Excel
Charts. But I do believe that getting started is the first step to success. I
sincerely hope you read this book well worth your time.

Could you do me a favour and take a few moments to leave a review of my

book on Amazon? Your review helps make this book more visible on
Amazon, which in turn enables people to find my book and get on track to
improve their knowledge! All you have to do is leave a short review of what
you think of my book.

Thank you so much, I appreciate it.