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Name: ______________________________________ Module: 5-7 Dates: March 1- March. 19, 2021

Subject: TLE- ICT Animation 7 Quarter: 4th Quarter Grade and Section: ____________

Topic: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Learning Competency

• Identify Hazards and Risks

Objectives:
1. Explain hazards and risks in the workplace
2. Identify hazards and risks indicators in the workplace.
3. Apply contingency measures in accordance with the OHS procedures.

Values Integration: Being observant in the hazards and risk, and practice the Occupational Health and Safety
procedures in the workplace.

Discovery Activity

Before we will proceed to our lesson, answer the questions below first.
Have you ever been injured? Or witnessed an injury? What do you think are the causes of the injury? Write your
answer inside the box.

Discussions

In this lesson, you will know what is hazard and risk and what are the common hazards and risk found in the
workplace because believe it or not no matter how comfortable your workplace is there are still a lot of hazards
that could be harmful or dangerous to the workers.
Occupational Safety and Health
It refers to the legislation, policies, procedures and activities that aim to protect the health, safety and welfare
of all people at the workplace
Hazard - It is a potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person/s or damage to property.

Risk - It is a probability of damage, injury, loss or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or
internal vulnerabilities and that may be avoided through preventive action. When an employee who spots a risk
in the workplace he/she should report it to his supervisor immediately.
Therefore, if there was a spill of water in a room then that water would present a slipping hazard to persons
passing through it. If access to that area was prevented by a physical barrier, then the hazard would remain
though the risk would be minimized. The hazard is the spilled water and the probability of slipping is known to
be the risk. To reduce risk is to eliminate the source of threat (hazard) by wiping the floor to dry or make a sign
to alert anyone who might step on it.
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Identifying hazards
One reason why thousands of workers fall into accidents is that there are hazards everywhere. Employees
can slip, trip, or fall in production areas, on stairwells, from ladders, off loading docks–and other places specific
to workplace.

Slip – It is a loss of balance when there is too little friction between the foot and
the floor (e.g. stepping on a wet or oily surface).
Trip – It is a loss of balance when the foot collides with, strikes or hits an object
in its path or loss of balance when one steps down unexpectedly to a
lower surface. The best way to avoid tripping is to make your workplace
tidy.
Fall – It is a downward movement, typically rapidly and freely, from a higher to
a lower level.

Fire Hazard
This kind of hazard is the most dreadful because it can cause total loss of lives and properties or even
potential tragic damages. This is the reason why fire safety is a strict requirement in the building code. Every
workplace is required to have a safety inspection and is required to keep and ensure that the fire safety
equipment is in good working condition. When you discover a fire, the first thing that you should do is to secure
yourself before calling the fire department.

Ergonomic Injuries
These are caused by exposure to ergonomic risk factors, such as repetitive strain, prolonged exposure to
abnormal temperatures or vibration, prolonged awkward posture, or forceful exertion or pressure upon a
particular body part.
These injuries result from tasks that are not particularly harmful when exposure to the risk factor is only short
term. The risk of an ergonomic injury increases with the length of exposure to the risk factor, as does the
potential severity of the risk.
Correcting or controlling this kind of hazard involves making use of ergonomically adjustable office furniture
and equipment such as chairs, tables, computer monitor and keyboard.

Hazards are defined as anything that can cause injury/accidents to someone. Hazards are not always
obvious. In order to be prepared to be safe on the job, it is necessary to be able to identify different types of
hazards. They are classified as the following:

1. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
It is a biological substance that poses a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily humans. This
could include a sample of a microorganism, virus or toxin that can adversely affect human health. These
sources can cause a variety of health effects ranging from skin irritation and allergies to infections (e.g.,
tuberculosis, AIDS), Corona Virus Disease and cancer.

2. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
It is an agent, factor or circumstance that can cause harm without contact.
Types of exposure includes:
• Radiation: including ionizing, nonionizing (EMF’s, microwaves, radio waves, etc.)
• Over exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
• Temperature extremes – hot and cold
• Constant loud noise

3. ERGONOMICS HAZARDS
These are physical conditions that may pose risk of injury to the muscles or ligaments
(musculoskeletal injuries). It is difficult to detect since this doesn’t manifest instantly unlike accidents.
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4. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
These are caused by exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Exposure to chemicals in the workplace can
cause acute or long-term detrimental health effects.
It includes the following:
• Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents – Especially if chemicals are in an unlabeled
container.
• Vapors and fumes that come from welding or exposure to solvents
• Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium
• Flammable materials like gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals.
• Pesticides

5. PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS
These are work-related stress has the potential to negatively affect an individual's psychological and physical
health, as well as an organisation's effectiveness. Mental health problems and other stress-related disorders
are recognized to be among the leading causes of early retirement from work, high absence rates, overall health
impairment, and low organizational productivity.

Systems for Controlling Hazards

Every workplace has hazards. Every employer has a legal responsibility to look after their employees’ safety
and protect them against health and safety hazards at work.
In order to manage workplace health and safety and help prevent accidents and sickness absence, it’s
important to identify, monitor and reduce the risk associated with workplace hazards.

The following are control systems to minimize and eliminate hazards in the workplace.
1. Elimination
It is the best way to protect workers from the workplace. It is a strategy based on completely removing a
material or process causing a hazard.
2. Substitution
Replacement of dangerous chemicals, equipment or work methods with safer and less hazardous ones to
eliminate the hazard altogether.
Example: Replace the high concentrated cleaning products with less concentrated one.
3. Engineering Controls
These are strategies designed to protect workers from hazardous conditions by placing a barrier between the
worker and the hazard or by removing a hazardous substance through air ventilation. This involve a physical
change to the workplace itself, rather than relying on workers' behavior or requiring workers to wear protective
clothing.
4. Work Practice and/or Administrative Controls.
Work practice controls change the way workers do their jobs to reduce exposure to hazards. Administrative
controls address how the work is structured, such as work pace and breaks.
Example: Rotating workers to reduce the amount of time they are exposed to the hazard and providing
training.
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
PPE is the least effective way to protect workers from workplace hazards. It is an equipment worn to minimize
exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses. These injuries and illnesses may result
from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards.
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Developmental Activity

ACTIVITY 1

Directions: Complete the table below and follow the instructions.

1. Within your locality, choose an industry or type of workplace.
Example: manufacturing, hairdressing salon
2. List 10 hazards that may be present in the workplace.
Example: slippery floors.

Type of industry: ________________

Address: ____________________

Spot the Hazard

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ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Answer the following questions below.
1. Given the illustration below, how many hazards have you identified? Enumerate the
following hazards and write those hazards inside the box.

2. Where do you commonly see the picture below? What does it imply? Why do we need signage
in our workplace?
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Assessment

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if it’s not.

_______1. Biological hazard may come from wastes in hospitals and research facilities.
_______2. Constant hearing to loud noise is an example of a physical hazard.
_______3. Chemical hazards are present when the worker is exposed to Bacteria.
_______4. Frequent lifting can strain on your body.
_______5. Physical hazard are factors within the environment that can harm body without necessarily touching it.
_______6. Physical hazards occur when the type of work, body positions and working conditions put strain on your
body.
_______7. Frayed cords is considered a biological hazard.
_______8. Unlabeled cleaning products can cause harmful effects to humans.
_______9. Plants may not contain disease causing organisms
_______10. High exposure to sunlight is a physical hazard.

ESSAY
Directions: Answer the following questions below.

1. How will you Differentiate Hazards from Risks?

2. What are the common causes of slip, trip, and fall? (Give at least 3.)

3. What are the common causes of fire? Provide 3 causes.

References

Books

Innovative Trainings Inc.,, ANIMATION Volume 1., 1st ed., Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, p.55-60.

Internet Sources

Chris Kilbourne (2009,Mar 24) https://ehsdailyadvisor.blr.com/2009/03/trip-hazards-do-s-and-don-ts/

"Risk Factors | Environmental Health And Safety | Iowa State University". Ehs.Iastate.Edu,
2020. https://www.ehs.iastate.edu/services/occupational/ergonomics/risk-factors.

Live.Staticflickr.Com, 2020. https://live.staticflickr.com/7486/16025529039_fa39845366_b.jpg

"Slippery When Wet Sign, Caution, Floor" by JeepersMedia is licensed under CC BY 2.0
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/photos/403dd311-7a8a-4e68-8658-7e1db3e38ace

"Slippery When Wet Sign, Caution, Floor" by JeepersMedia is licensed under CC BY 2.0
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/photos/403dd311-7a8a-4e68-8658-7e1db3e38ace