Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
The Power of Media and
Information
Media and Information Literacy
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: The Power of Media and Information
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ronan DC. Vergara

Reviewers: Cristeta M. Arcos
Dolorosa S. De Castro
Illustrator: Ronan DC. Vergara
Layout Artist: Ren Mac Mac G. Motas
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director
Job S. Zape Jr., CLMD Chief
Elaine T. Balaogan, Regional ADM Coordinator
Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Regional Librarian
Susan DL. Oribiana, SDS
Dolorosa S. De Castro, CID Chief
Cristeta M. Arcos, EPS In Charge of LRMS

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Media and Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
The Power of Media and
Information
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on The Power of Media and Information!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

ii
Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on The Power of Media and Information!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you
in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and
skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or

blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

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 Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

Cite an example of an issue showing the power of media and information to affect
change

OBJECTIVES
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain the opportunities provided by the internet to empower people;
2. Discuss the effects of the internet as a popularizing agent;
3. Cite personal experiences on the effects of the power of media and
information
4. Promote a local tourist destination, hobby or business through social media

What I Know

Write your pretest here.

Write T if the statement is true; otherwise, write F.

____________ 1 A citizen journalist must be equipped with high-end cameras

to tell news.
____________ 2 Online selling started during the pandemic.
____________ 3 People become effective agents in promoting tourism through
social media.
____________ 4 Being a watchdog is one of the roles of media in a democratic
country
____________ 5 E-commerce can be seen even in Facebook.
____________ 6 Citizen journalism involves the gathering and reporting of
news by people who are trained as professional journalists
____________ 7 Citizen journalists have the advantage of capturing news

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 where it happens and as it happens.
____________ 8 Social media has nothing to do with tourism.
____________ 9 e-commerce refers to products being sold through the
internet.
____________ 10 Community problems and complaints are normal content of
citizen journalists’ reports.

Lesson
The Power of Media and
1 Information
“Content is fire. Social media is gasoline.” - Jay Baer

The analogy was well thought of. Social media is not like any ordinary fuel. It is an
efficient energy source that gets your engine running nicely and optimizes its
power. Just think about us, the social media savvies, as cars loaded with high
octane fuel. Surely, we would be going places at top speed, wouldn’t we?
Because of the internet, never has information been as accessible as ever, and it is
not just us receiving info; it is also us enabled to spread info like wildfire. So how
does this go? Let’s explore.

What’s In

You Got the Power

Over the centuries, media and information has empowered people to improve
themselves and create an impact for their societies. With the advancement of
technology, we have practically become “super humans” in the light of media and
information. So what are these special powers that we get through media? Consider
the drawings below as your visual representation of “Super MIL”. List down the
power that he/she possesses. Take note, we are not talking fiction here, so make
sure that the powers you list are rooted to reality.

1. _____________________________________

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 2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________
6. _____________________________________

What’s New

What’s on a Wall?

"Graffiti on a wall" by Welsh Icons (Dom) is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0

We are used to seeing graffiti on practically any open surface we can think of – from
walls to classroom desks. We may not be able to pinpoint the culprit of these
unwanted art forms, but we may detect which group or gang can be held
responsible. In your opinion, why do some people draw on walls? What could be
their motivation in doing so, and most importantly, what is the impact of these
graffiti to the viewing public? Is this an exercise of our “freedom of expression” or
are these done just for art’s sake? Please share your opinion regarding this.

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 Notes to the Teacher
Provide opportunities for learners to express their thoughts and opinions,
albeit informally, through designated social media platforms whenever
possible. Illustrations, such as the one on top, may be posted on your GC or
Facebookpage/group where you and students can react and comment.

What is It

Citizen Journalism
When I was a kid, I used to wonder why there were
angry scribbles on any vacant wall in town, as well
as posters that promoted not products but
ideologies and demands, like salary increase,
rights for the laborers, and the like. I asked myself
why people resorted to such public rants instead of
formal dialogues with the authorities, and I
wondered if other people could find meaning from
these unwanted posts. Later on, I realized that the
wall can be a very essential canvass for expression,
because anything that can be placed there can

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 "Citizen Journalism" by Nick Gulotta is licensed

stay a long time, and in case someone else cleans it up, the “communicators” can
still find ways to write them back. The walls as a medium give a sense of power to
express what cannot be communicated through other means.
I fully realized the sense of empowerment through media in another incident that
happened back in 1998. During that year’s national elections, I volunteered in a
Parish Pastoral Council for under CC BY 2.0
Responsible Voting (PPCRV), a group that aimed to guard the smooth running of
the elections. Since I was the photographer in our college’s school newspaper, I was
asked to bring my camera in the voting precinct where I would be assigned. On the
election day, I was tipped to go to the entrance of the voting precinct to shoot.
There, I found a local candidate, casually shaking the hands of people as they enter
the venue. Such act is a form of campaign, and it is forbidden to do such on
election day. The very sight of me shooting was enough for the local candidate to
leave the sight instantly. At that time, I felt I was holding a very frightening gadget,
like the Infinity Gauntlet, and that I had a superpower that could change the
course of destiny. I felt empowered.
This sense of empowerment is much more heightened these days with social media
that is capable of making a local news a viral sensation. This is citizen journalism.
Mare, Keith, Marimbe and Mukundu (2018) gathered various definitions of citizen
journalism. These are:
• The gathering and reporting of news by people who are not trained as
professional journalists (Hermans, Vergeer and D'Haenens, 2009.)

• The act in which a citizen, or group of citizens play an active role in the
process of collecting, reporting, analyzing and disseminating news and information
with the intention of providing independent, reliable, accurate, wide-ranging and
relevant information that is required for democracy and development (Bowman and
Willis, 2003)
• An alternative and activist form of news gathering and reporting that
functions outside mainstream media institutions, often as a response to
shortcomings in the professional journalistic field, which uses similar journalistic
practices but is driven by different objectives and ideals and relies on alternative
sources of legitimacy than traditional or mainstream journalism (Lievrouw, 2013).
• The instance when the people, otherwise known as the audience, employ the
press tools they have in their possession to inform one another. (Rosen, 2008)
To simplify matters, citizen journalism empowers anybody through modern
technology and connectivity to create, enhance or verify media on their own or with
others. Do you still recall the “watchdog” role of media in a democratic society? This
is a clear-cut example of the fulfillment of that role.
Read this report on how citizen journalism addressed issues in a local community
during the pandemic. Since the story happened in India, you may reflect whether
the same scenario is happening in the Philippines.

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IMPACT-DRIVEN JOURNALISM DURING THE PANDEMIC
By Devansh Mehta
Apr 29, 2020

The people of Hardauli village in Madhya Pradesh, India, were frightened. On

March 30, one week after the Indian government announced a three-week
nationwide lockdown, six families returned from the city of Pune, a COVID-19
hotspot. Some migrants were coughing, and despite government orders that
returning migrants exhibiting symptoms should be tested, the returnees refused to
go to health authorities.
Frightened and with nowhere else to turn, a citizen journalist from the village
reported this incident on a toll-free number operated by CGNet Swara, a journalism
outlet working to amplify the voices of tribal and rural citizens in central India,
many of whom cannot read or write. Health authorities soon paid a visit to the
migrants, and their COVID-19 tests came back negative. The same citizen
journalist reported that the fear in the village had been lifted.
At CGNet Swara, our focus is on bringing tangible change to our community. We do
so by using a citizen journalism model where anyone with a basic non-smartphone
can call a toll-free number and press one to report a story and two to hear the
stories reported by others. Every day about 80 callers report stories, and 500
callers listen to the fact-checked and verified stories. About half the stories reported
are cultural songs and other folklore that our rural, indigenous communities wish
to share, while the other half are problems they are experiencing for which they
need assistance.
Measuring the success of a publication is critical to encourage the support of
funders, subscribers and readers. Many organizations measure their success by
focusing on analytics such as pageviews. At CGNet Swara we take a different
approach, focusing entirely on impact reports — the number of times our reporting
led to a problem being resolved.
One organization that has led the way on the use of concrete metrics to measure
impact is the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP), which
advertises a 56,000% return on investment. This means that for every US$1
donated to them, US$560 is returned to the public as a result of their
investigations.
An impact-driven model becomes ever-more critical in the context of the present
pandemic when journalists need to be able to innovate the tools and technologies
that can help them better serve their communities.
In the time that CGNet Swara has been using a citizen journalism model to
crowdsource problems reported in rural communities, we have helped to solve
everything from broken hand pumps to the non-payment of government wages.
Each time our reporting results in community change, our staff files an impact
report to quantify our success.

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In the last 10 years since we started this model, we have received more than 700
impact reports, but we see a huge possibility for growth. One of the key metrics we
track at CGNet Swara is the total operating budget divided by the number of impact
reports for that year. In 2018-19, this came to about US$450 per problem solved
for our rural communities. However, in normal circumstances, only 10% of the
problems reported by rural communities get solved. Our team saw the opportunity
to reduce the cost of each impact to as little as US$45 by facilitating solutions to
more issues that were being reported.
To increase the number of solutions — and impact reports — we embarked on an
experiment to develop a technological solution to increase the participation of
urban volunteers, and ultimately grow the number of solutions.
We started with a workshop in Mumbai in September 2017 consisting of urban
working professionals, students and professors. Each attendee received a list of
problems and the phone number of the government officer responsible for solving
that particular issue. We made two observations from the workshop: rural
government officers often got flustered receiving calls from big cities like Mumbai,
and the workshop participants left with a real sense of accomplishment.
“You think you are being productive in your day job but calling someone up and
solving a remote problem is just incredible. It’s one of the few activities that are a
win-win for everyone,” said Rishabh Kathotia, an equity who participated in the
workshop. “I would absolutely do it again.”
However, we couldn’t rely on in-person events, and wanted to find a technological
solution. During another workshop at a technology institute in Bangalore, again
with students, professors and working professionals, participants spent time
calling rural officers and trying to solve the problems reported by villagers.
Afterwards, they presented their idea for a technological solution that could scale
up the activities they undertook earlier. Armed with these insights, our team at
CGNet Swara started developing an app that could scale the process of individual
volunteers adopting and solving problems reported by villagers.
We tested the first version of the app with help from undergraduate journalism
students from St. Xaviers Mumbai. At the end of their assignment, over 15
students had made an online petition on the problem they had adopted. One
villager even reported an impact: the large piles of garbage lying in his area were
cleared by the government. We reported on the work of these students and
broadcast it to the rural communities to demonstrate the power of both groups
working together.
The application launched just in time, as soon after, the Indian government
announced a lockdown to tackle the novel corona virus. CGNet Swara has gotten a
deluge of reports from rural communities. These reports have included fears of
local residents flouting social distancing norms and migrant laborers unable to pay
their rent or having to eat food with insects in it. We knew many people were at
home and eager to contribute in any capacity, so we engaged them as volunteers to
help solve the many COVID-19 related issues reported on our platform.
One of our volunteers in Raipur, Snehil Saraf, discovered a case of 90 migrant
laborers that were unable to return to their village, and whose employer was not

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giving them enough food during the lockdown. The migrants reported this story on
CGNet Swara, and Saraf immediately tweeted to the government authorities.
The district collector paid a visit, and ensured that the owner would provide the
migrant laborers enough food for the duration of the lockdown.
In the last month, there have been over 90 stories reported by citizen journalists
seeking a solution to a predicament they are facing. By working with the
government and well-meaning volunteers, about 60% of these concerns have
resulted in impact reports.
The pandemic has laid bare the weakness of the metrics prioritized by media
organizations. Despite rising page views and user engagement, media revenue is in
a freefall, with layoffs and pay cuts at almost all major media outlets. With
traditional metrics failing, it is an opportune time to consider metrics for a new
journalism model, one that prioritizes impact in the communities they claim to
serve.

What’s More

The Online Selling Phenomenon

Aside from citizen journalism, there are other instances by which people are
empowered by media, one of which has become so obvious these days because of
the pandemic. With normal trade affected by the months of lockdown, many people
can manage business through the basic yet powerful online platform. I believe that
you are very much aware of how online selling flourishes these days. Lazada and
Shopee have become the virtual malls for people who want easy access to products
without leaving their homes. Food can be served conveniently through Grab Food
and Food Panda. But more than these, small scale enterprise flourished through
online selling via FaceBook Live and deliveries through “pasabuy.” For many
Filipinos whose jobs or businesses were affected by the lockdown, these became
means of earn a living in the new normal.
Read this online article that further explains how online selling thrives in the time
of the pandemic.

HOW ONLINE SELLING IS THRIVING IN THE NEW NORMAL June

15, 2020 | 1:44 pm
By Hannah Mallorca, Features Writer, The Philippine STAR

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The growth of many e-commerce platforms is the effect of transition from
traditional shopping channels to online platforms during quarantine
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the rise and fall of
several industries worldwide. Even though e-commerce platforms have long been
on the rise, the process was fast-tracked when quarantine guidelines were put into
place.
With the absence of traditional shopping channels, customers have flocked to
ecommerce platforms to secure purchases and transactions. Many stores and
restaurants have also transitioned online to serve their target market.
To discuss the current state of online selling in the new normal, The Philippine
STAR’s Career Guide shared insights on the progress of e-commerce platforms and
other online means during this time.
The online discussion featured Entrego retail director Xervin Maulanin, PurpleBug
Inc. president and CEO Marlon Gonzales, La Carnita Modern Mexican Cantina
cofounder Lenlen Mesina, Lazada Philippines head of business development Petrus
Carbonell, and Seven Days of Greens co-founder Roel Uy Chan.

Growth of e-commerce platforms

Even though various e-commerce platforms were established pre-pandemic, its
identity strengthened since the start of quarantine. Mr. Carbonell shared that
Lazada has witnessed significant growth.
“So far, we see a lot of demand. We’re also seeing people who are more interested in
starting their businesses online,” he added. “I think this will continue even after
quarantine and if you think about it, these trends have always been present. Ang
nangyari lang ngayong quarantine, na-accelerate siya.”
According to Mr. Carbonell, some of the most popular products in Lazada’s
platform are groceries, medical items, and ready-to-eat products.
Mr. Maulanin noted that the transition from traditional shopping methods into
online has pushed e-commerce platforms to sell more essential goods and daily
needs. He added that delivery personnel are also considered as frontliners due to
their service during the quarantine.
“Lumalaki ang volume natin compared to before. We’re still a long way to go before
online shopping becomes the predominant channel for us, but I think we’re going
to see a lot of acceleration there. We’re very excited to see ano’ng magiging trend
nito,” he said.

Transitioning from traditional shopping methods to online

The pandemic has caused many businesses to transition to online to cater to its
customers. Many restaurants have also moved towards delivery services to serve
their target market.

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According to Ms. Mesina, proper research and development are needed to ensure
the quality of Cantina’s products even in the new normal.
“At the moment, what we’re trying to do, instead of dispensing or distributing the
product, we had to come up with product lines that can be experienced by the
customers in the comfort of their homes, that’s why we really value the support and
the service of third-party suppliers when it comes to delivery,” she shared.
Ms. Mesina also noted that the quarantine is an opportunity for many businesses
to understand how to navigate into e-commerce and to incorporate online
payments.
“You need to make sure that you’re able to deliver what you’re promising to your
online market and that the product is available from you. It’s also not just being
available, the products must be consistent and of very good quality kasi ‘yun ‘yung
magiging labanan when it comes to online selling,” she added.
On the other hand, Mr. Gonzales said that quarantine has challenged e-commerce
platforms, restaurants and other online sellers to develop its services since it will
reflect on customers.
“People will always buy if maganda ‘yung feedback na makikita nila. What we’ve
noticed din karamihan ng returning customers namin are referrals so very
important ‘yung feedback na nakikita nila online,” he said.
Mr. Uy Chan stated that the new normal has also urged online sellers, e-commerce
platforms and restaurants to refine collaboration methods with its partner
channels to ensure quality service.
“The principle behind online selling is still intact and similar to traditional selling
wherever you go. It’s still just a channel,” he added.
In addition, Mr. Carbonell noted that e-commerce platforms and online sellers
would continue to grow, even in a post-pandemic society.
“In terms of the potential of people reaching success, I would say that the sky is the
limit because we see new millionaire sellers every time that we run a campaign. I’m
not saying that everyone who goes online will be successful, but we see many cases
that the potential is huge,” he said.
Online selling platforms have witnessed significant growth in customer behavior
during the pandemic. With this, it’s up to business sectors to improve its services
to ensure loyalty among its target market.

What I Have Learned

Let us set into Philippine context the power of citizen journalism. Gather three different
news items posted by Filipino citizen journalists from social media platforms that went viral

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and were broadcast in any of the major Philippine networks. If possible, include a screenshot
as an evidence. Follow this format:

Who contributed?
Patrick Mariano

When was it published?

October 16, 2020

Where did it happen?

Nangka, Marikina

What happened?
Truck drivers bought all the ice candies of
the sidewalk vendor who endured the
rains just to earn a living.

What I Can Do

Tourism.com
Another field that benefits from the empowerment through social media is tourism.
Perhaps you would agree that oftentimes, your choice of a travel destination highly
depends on the posts that you see in social media, and the more “Instagrammable”
or photogenic the place is, the more you would be enticed to go there. Take for
instance the case of Apo WhangOd, the popular indigenous tattoo artist from the
Cordilleras. Because

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"File:Whang-od tattooing.jpg" by Mawg64 is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
of the social media posts about the traditional hand-tapped, charcoal-inked tattoo
art procedure practiced by the famed centenarian Apo Whang-od, many were
enticed to be tattooed by the old lady herself,
even if it meant having to travel for hours to her village in Buscalan, Kalinga.
Thanks to media, Whang-od’s presence became viral, and more and more people
came to see her. Currently, she cannot work hand-on on all her increasing clients,
but she has trained some younger relatives to tattoo. If before, Whang-Od dictates
the tattoo design she would bestow on her clients, today, visitors can check out the
catalogued design to be followed by the younger tattooists. However, this
indigenous artist still gives her “personal touch” to the design by tattooing her
three-dot signature.

Now, here’s your task:

What do you consider as your hometown? Promote your hometown as a tourist

attraction. Use the best picture you can access (either from your personal collection
or from other online sources) and explain why this deserves to be visited. Here is a
sample format.

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 Calamba may be known for its hot
spring resorts, but sometimes, going
back to the basics is much more
overwhelming. Isn’t it that the best
things in life are free?

Along the shores of Laguna de Bay in

Barangay Sucol are small natural hot
spring ponds that offer a relaxing
experience with only the sky above you
and the rustic view as your backdrop.
These little ponds are called
Malakokok, and they surface only
during the summer season when the
lake water level is dry.

So if you want an inexpensive way to

commune with nature, far from the
sounds of modern living, you ought to
try this place.

Assessment

Vloggers are powerful media and information advocates. The content that they
share can influence public opinion, mobilize netizens to make a stand, and
command a choice. Below are short narratives of online content created by
YouTube vloggers. Based on these narratives, identify whether the vlogger is a:

A. watchdog
B. tourism promoter
C. commerce influencer

Write only the letter of your corresponding choice.

____________ 1 Will Dasovich, a Filipino-American vlogger, narrates his

experience of living in America during the pandemic.
____________ 2 Letisha Velasco from Pangasinan promotes affordable
cosmetic line in her make-over vlogs.
____________ 3 Andi Eigenmann and Philmar Alipayo vlog about their simple
life in Siargao through their channel “Happy Islanders.”
____________ 4 Kiko Rustia posts content on where to buy the most
reasonably priced products in the Philippines.
____________ 5 Social media influencer Mimiyuuuh vlogs about a trip while

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 mentioning the clothes she brought from Lazada.
____________ 6 Betina Carlos shares her recipe for red velvet cakes together
with its production cost.
____________ 7 Basel Manadil (The Hungry Syrian Wanderer)posts positive
reviews about the Philippines and aid victims of natural
disasters.
____________ 8 Nuseir Yassin (Nas Daily) from Israel explains in one of his
vlogs that the Philippines is his favorite country to visit.
____________ 9 American YouTube celebrity Carson Moody, a.k.a. Bisayang
Hilaw posted about a beautiful blue man-made lagoon in
Negros island.
____________ 10 DJ and vlogger Gandang Kara posted her kidnap prank with
Papa Jackson showcasing 88 Hot Spring Resort in Pansol,
Calamba, Laguna last October 26, 2020.

Additional
Activities

Reflection
"Spiderman over the Lima, Peru cityscape" by T.78UopXx is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

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